1
|
Seager J, Oakley E, Akhtar A, Das S, Hamory J, Baird S. Adolescent Social Outcomes Declined During COVID-19: Evidence From Bangladesh, Jordan, And Ethiopia. Health Aff (Millwood) 2023; 42:1726-1737. [PMID: 38048508 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Although adolescents have been less susceptible to COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality than older people, the social containment policies put in place to curb the disease constrained their ability to thrive. This study explored changes in adolescent outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among vulnerable adolescents, focusing on education, economic participation, early marriage, self-reported health, and food security. We investigated the role of governmental and nongovernmental cash and food aid in mitigating negative effects. Using panel data collected both before (2017-20) and at two points during (2020-21) the pandemic on more than 7,000 adolescents from Bangladesh, Jordan, and Ethiopia, we found evidence of worsening outcomes across all measures except self-reported health. Declines were generally worse for more vulnerable adolescents. There is little evidence that aid mitigated negative impacts for adolescents in general or for vulnerable adolescents in particular. This research highlights the need for greater focus on developing social protection that is responsive to the multifaceted needs of adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Seager
- Jennifer Seager , George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | | | | | - Saini Das
- Saini Das, George Washington University
| | - Joan Hamory
- Joan Hamory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee KH, Chowdhury AI, Rahman QSU, Cunningham SA, Parveen S, Bari S, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES. Child marriage in rural Bangladesh and impact on obstetric complications and perinatal death: Findings from a health and demographic surveillance system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288746. [PMID: 37467226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancies, a risk factor for obstetric complications and perinatal mortality, are driven by child marriage in many regions of South Asia. We used data collected between 2017-2019 from 56,155 married adolescents and women in a health and demographic surveillance system to present a population-level description of historical trends in child marriage from 1990-2019 as well as epidemiologic associations between maternal age and pregnancy outcomes in Baliakandi, a rural sub-district of Bangladesh. For pregnancies identified between 2017-2019, we used Kaplan-Meier estimates to examine timing of first pregnancies after first marriage and multinomial logistic regression to estimate associations between maternal age and perinatal death. We described the frequency of self-reported obstetric complications at labor and delivery by maternal age. In 1990, 71% of all marriages were to female residents under 18 years of age. This decreased to 57% in 2010, with the largest reduction among females aged 10-12 years (22% to 3%), and to 53% in 2019. Half of all newly married females were pregnant within a year of marriage, including adolescent brides. Although we observed a decline in child marriages since 1990, over half of all marriages in 2019 were to child brides in Baliakandi. In this same population, adolescent pregnancies were more likely to result in obstetric complications (13-15 years: 36%, 16-17 years: 32%, 18-34 years: 23%; χ2 test, p<0.001) and perinatal deaths (13-15 years: stillbirth OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.01-2.42; 16-17 years: early neonatal death OR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.42) compared to adult pregnancies. Preventing child marriage can improve the health of girls and contribute to Bangladesh's commitment to reducing child mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Han Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Solveig A Cunningham
- Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Sanwarul Bari
- Maternal and Child Health Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Emily S Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rabby MRA, Islam MS, Orthy MT, Jami AT, Hasan MT. Depression symptoms, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate entrance admission seeking students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1136557. [PMID: 37181689 PMCID: PMC10169692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intense academic pressure and unhealthy competition have turned the university entrance exam scenario in Bangladesh into a Pandora's Box, which might cause mental health difficulties among young students. However, there is a severe scarcity of studies concerning such issues of university entrance examination-seeking students in Bangladesh. Methods This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression symptoms, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate entrance admission-seeking students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study design was followed using an online tool including socio-demographic questions, and the 21-item Bangla Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (BDASS-21). The survey form was completed by 452 Bangladeshi students who passed the higher secondary certificate (HSC) examination in 2020 and were planning to get admission to the undergraduate level during the data collection. Results The prevalence of mild to extremely severe levels of depression symptoms, anxiety, and stress was 57.7%, 61.4%, and 44.6%, respectively. Females were more likely to have depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than males. The students from science backgrounds were at higher risk of developing depression and stress symptoms when compared with students from business studies backgrounds. Besides, students with a previous history of mental illness, a preference for getting admitted into the public university, and less monthly family income (<25,000 BDT) were more likely to develop depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. In addition, students with a previous history of neurological disorders were more likely to develop anxiety symptoms than those without. Conclusion This study revealed a high level of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among undergraduate entrance admission-seeking students, which calls for in-depth exploratory investigations. Adequate low-intensity interventions should be designed to support this young population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Reza-A Rabby
- Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- BRAC Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ahmad Tousif Jami
- School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Tasdik Hasan
- Action Lab, Department of Human Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Public Health, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarker MR, Rouf Sarkar MA, Alam MJ, Begum IA, Bhandari H. Systems thinking on the gendered impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13773. [PMID: 36811121 PMCID: PMC9933548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women and threatens to overturn four decades of progress in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5: Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment. To better grasp the key areas of concern that gender inequality exists, gender studies and sex-disaggregated evidence are required. Using the PRISMA technique, this review paper is the first attempt to present a comprehensive and current picture of the gendered dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh regarding economic well-being, resource endowments, and agency. This study found that women were more likely to face hardship as widows, mothers, or sole breadwinners after the loss of husbands and male household members because of the pandemic. The evidence suggests that the advancement of women during this pandemic was hampered by poor reproductive health outcomes; girls' dropping out of school; job loss; less income; a comparable wage gap; a lack of social security; unpaid work burnout; increased emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; an increase in child marriages; and less participation in leadership and decision-making. Our study found inadequate sex-disaggregated data and gender studies on COVID-19 in Bangladesh. However, our research concludes that policies must account for gender disparities and male and female vulnerability across multiple dimensions to achieve inclusive and effective pandemic prevention and recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Rani Sarker
- Sustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar
- Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Jahangir Alam
- Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ismat Ara Begum
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Humnath Bhandari
- Impact, Policy, and Foresight Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam MR, Hasan Apu MM, Akter R, Tultul PS, Anjum R, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA. Internet addiction and loneliness among school-going adolescents in Bangladesh in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13340. [PMID: 36743850 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) by children and adolescents is a concern for parents. The intensity of this problem has increased in the context of COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Here we aimed to evaluate internet usage patterns, addiction to internet use, and mental health among Bangladeshi school-going adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 502 school-going adolescents. Pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect information related to demographics and the internet usage pattern. We assessed the prevalence of IA and loneliness using the internet addiction test (IAT) scale and UCLA-3 loneliness scale. The prevalence of IA and loneliness among Bangladeshi school-going adolescents were 88.25% and 72.51%, respectively. Individuals with English-medium education, higher classes, high economic status, mobile internet connection, online gaming habits, and living without family showed significantly higher levels of IA. Moreover, a high proportion of loneliness was observed among individuals with high financial conditions, mobile internet connection, and who watch movies on the internet. The present study findings suggest a strong association between demographics, internet usage patterns, IA, and the mental health of adolescents. These results would have practical inferences in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and related fields. Based on this finding, the healthcare authorities and professionals can develop an inclusive interventional approach for adolescents who suffer from IA and mental health disorders.
Collapse
|
6
|
Islam MR, Tushar MI, Tultul PS, Akter R, Sohan M, Anjum R, Roy A, Hossain MJ, Rahman MA, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA. Problematic internet use and depressive symptoms among the school-going adolescents in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1008. [PMID: 36579157 PMCID: PMC9774086 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Problematic internet use (PIU) by children and adolescents is a concern for many parents. Several factors, including students' education level, the method of instruction, the dependence on the internet, and their intended use of the internet, could all be contributing factors to PIU and depression. Disturbed mental health may be attributed to the cancellation of physical education classes because of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to assess the association of COVID-19 pandemic with PIU and depressive symptoms in adolescent students. Methods We performed this cross-sectional study among 491 school-going adolescents of 10 to 16 years. Self-administered questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic information and the internet usage pattern of the participants. We measured the prevalence of PIU and depressive symptoms using the PIU questionnaire (PIUQ-SF-6) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results The estimations of the risk group for PIU and depressive symptoms among school-going adolescents were 80.04% and 77.80%, respectively. The latent profiling of PIU scores for obsession, neglect, and control sub-groups were 5.82, 6.12, and 6.35, respectively. Moreover, we observed mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms in 48.68%, 27.70%, and 1.43% of cases. Age, education level, medium of education, financial impression, internet connection, the device used, the purpose for internet use, and the living status of respondents were significantly associated with the PIU. Reported mental health issues was associated with education level, medium of education, financial impression, and internet connection. Conclusion The present study revealed an association of PIU and depressive symptoms with sociodemographic factors and internet usage patterns. Therefore, these results might have practical implications in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy. The healthcare professional can develop a context-specific comprehensive clinical intervention plan for children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Ismail Tushar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Rabeya Akter
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ramisa Anjum
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia
| | | | - Md. Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of PharmacyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTexasUSA
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rahman A, Abdulla F, Karimuzzaman M, Hossain MM. Burden of COVID‐19 on health and wellbeing, education, and economy of Bangladesh. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6639. [PMCID: PMC9684679 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The long‐term impact of this pandemic will continue in almost all sectors of a country such as health, economic situations, education, mental health, and violence. Therefore, the authors intended to discuss the prolonged effect of COVID‐19 on the health along with wellbeing, education, and economy of Bangladesh through a mixed approach. To assess the possible scenario in health sector of Bangladesh, we conducted a short survey through online with a structured questionnaire. The impact of the pandemic is highlighted by graphical presentations and discussed the issues in light of the existing literature. It is realized that health care services and resources are always essential for predominant health conditions and fatal diseases patients. Mental health has also been impacted a lot during this pandemic. Moreover, students of only those schools located in urban areas are attended some online classes but due to the internet interruption and scarcity of devices students from rural areas cannot attend the classes and it will widen the gap between pupils from urban areas and those who live in remote rural areas. Additionally, many students terminate school. The country's youth unemployment is projected to intensify as a result of the economic effects, which would promote antisocial behavior and cause social discontent among young people. Also, the flow of remittances greatly declined in the last couple of months and a many people were jobless abroad, and the majority of them were sent back home. The demographic dividend's intended results are expected to be negatively impacted by COVID‐19's overall effect as well as sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh. Therefore, many social services systems need strategic backup resources at community, national, and global levels if any basic system may collapse due to COVID‐19 and socio‐economic as well as geopolitical negligence in handling post‐pandemic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityNew South WalesWagga WaggaAustralia
| | - Faruq Abdulla
- Department of Applied Health and NutritionRTM Al‐Kabir Technical UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Karimuzzaman
- DREXEL Dornsife School of Public HealthDREXEL UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahman S, Hossain MJ, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. Environ Health Insights 2022; 16:11786302221129396. [PMID: 36299441 PMCID: PMC9585367 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221129396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become the most devastating pandemic of the 21st century since its appearance in December 2019. Like other RNA viruses, continuous mutation is common for coronavirus to create several variants and subvariants. The main reason behind this mutation and evolvement of SARS-CoV-2 was its structural spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus has become a threat to global public health due to its high mutation capability and antibody neutralizing capacity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 5 major variants of concern (VOC) are Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Recently, different Omicron subvariants have gained worldwide dominance, such as BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. However, there is a discernible drop in this symptomatic sickness globally due to the success of numerous monoclonal antibodies and vaccinations. Here we also discussed the currently dominant Omicron subvariants and the effectiveness of antiviral agents and vaccines. Based on the available data and our knowledge, we can suggest that the global healthcare organizations can decide on the declaration of the end of the pandemic phase of COVID-19 soon; however, the covid-19 will continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smaranika Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State
University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nahar Z, Sohan M, Supti KF, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among female university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10890. [PMID: 36217458 PMCID: PMC9534543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Farzana Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MR, Nahar Z, Hossain MS, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA. Prevalence and associated factors for elevated fear and depressive symptoms among the private service holders in Bangladesh during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e795. [PMID: 36032517 PMCID: PMC9399449 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The ongoing public health emergency has created incredible fear of getting the infection and a terrible psychological burden among all levels. The pandemic has severely affected private job holders' economic status and lifestyle factors in Bangladesh. Here we aimed to assess fear and depressive symptoms among private job holders in Bangladesh during the Covid‐19 pandemic and associated risk factors. Methods We conducted this online cross‐sectional survey between January 15, 2021, and March 15, 2021, among 510 private job holders aged above 18 years. We followed the convenience sampling method for data collection. We assessed sociodemographic factors and two psychometric parameters. We applied the Fear of Covid‐19 Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 to assess increased fear and depressive symptoms, respectively. Chi‐square test, independent sample t‐test, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for data analysis. Results The prevalence of increased fear and depressive symptoms were 86.27% and 42.16%, respectively. Factors associated with increased fear among private job holders during COVID‐19 were economic class, obesity, on‐time salary, company's downsizing policy, salary reduction, home office, and transportation facilities. However, depressive symptoms were associated with marital status, education level, residence area, the organizational practice of health safety rules, company performance, on‐time salary, health insurance, downsizing, salary reduction policy, organization type, transportation, and mental health support at work. The present study also noticed some interrelations among the above factors with mental health issues. Conclusion Based on the present findings, we recommend actionable items to improve the mental health of private job holders in Bangladesh due to the ongoing pandemic. Authorities can develop mental health support programs and efficient Covid‐19 response systems. The policymakers and regulatory bodies might take some initiatives to promote mental health in the private sector in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy State University of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sultana F, Bari R, Munir S. Impact of school closures due to COVID-19 on education in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Global Health Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.36902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dismantled many long-established systems in society. Distance learning has rapidly replaced traditional classes at school. Keeping all other activities open, educational institutions were closed first to contain COVID-19 transmission when the number of cases started to rise, causing a massive adverse impact on education and students’ well-being. Students of lower socio-economic classes are dealing with the worst consequences as they are not able to afford the means of online schooling, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hasan M, Sultana S, Sohan M, Parvin S, Rahman MA, Hossain MJ, Rahman MS, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross—Sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270102. [PMID: 35731829 PMCID: PMC9216580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female reproductive endocrine problem worldwide. The prevalence of mental disorder is increasing among PCOS patients due to various physical, psychological, and social issues. Here we aimed to evaluate the mental health and associated factors among women suffering from PCOS in Bangladesh.
Methods
We performed an online cross-sectional survey among 409 participants with PCOS using Google Forms. We used structured questionnaires to collect socio-demographic information and lifestyle-related factors. Also, we applied patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale, and UCLA loneliness (UCLA-3) scale for psychometric assessment of the participants. Finally, we applied several statistical tools and performed data interpretations to evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorders and associated factors among patients with PCOS in Bangladesh.
Results
Prevalence of loneliness, generalized anxiety disorder and depressive illness among the women with PCOS were 71%, 88%, and 60%, respectively. Among the mental illness, mild, moderate, and severe cases were 39%, 18%, and 14% for loneliness; 39%, 23% and 26% for generalized anxiety disorder; and 35%, 18%, and 7% for depressive disorder. According to the present findings, obesity, financial condition, physical exercise, mealtime, food habit, daily water consumption, birth control method, and long-term oral contraceptive pills contribute to developing mental health disorders among females with PCOS in Bangladesh.
Conclusion
According to present study results, high proportion of women suffering from PCOS experience several mental disorders in Bangladesh. Although several socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors were found to be associated with the poor mental health of women with PCOS; however, PCOS itself is a condition that favors poor physical and psychological health. Therefore, we recommend proper treatment, public awareness, and a healthy lifestyle to promote the good mental health of women suffering from PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moynul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaya Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaj Parvin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Daria S, Islam MR. Increased suicidal behaviors among students during COVID-19 lockdowns: A concern of student's mental health in Bangladesh. J Affect Disord Rep 2022; 8:100320. [PMID: 35156072 PMCID: PMC8821023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented natural event on life. The mental health of students has been impacted due to the long-term closure of educational institutions. The suicide rate had been significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years among Bangladeshi students. Several COVID-19 responses might be responsible for this increased suicidality among students. Therefore, family members should give them mental supports to reduce additional burdens due to the pandemic. The government and non-government organizations can take suicide prevention programs such as awareness campaigns, student counseling, internet-based interventions, etc. Also, the authority should vaccinate students, teachers, and other staff to reopen the academic institutions on an urgent basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sohan M, Hossain MJ, Islam MR. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and effectiveness of existing vaccines: What we know so far. J Med Virol 2022; 94:1796-1798. [PMID: 34989403 PMCID: PMC9015560 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Daria S, Islam MR. Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics for COVID-19 Treatment in South Asian Countries is a Threat for Future Pandemics Due to Antibiotic Resistance. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2022; 15:2632010X221099889. [PMID: 35601922 PMCID: PMC9121502 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221099889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put enormous strain on the global public health
and healthcare systems. Here we aimed to assess the prevalence and
impact of indiscriminate use of antibiotics for COVID-19 treatment in
south Asian countries. We observed the indiscriminate use of
antibiotics in south Asian countries and other similar parts of the
world. Along with vaccines, people in poor and developing countries
have been taking antibiotics and some other medications without proper
jurisdiction during the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. We all know
that COVID-19 is a viral disease, and only a few patients might have
bacterial co-infections. Therefore, the role of antibiotics is
ambiguous in most COVID-19 cases. Consequently, the overuse of
antibiotics would cause antimicrobial resistance that has the
potential to become a 2-edged sword after the COVID-19 pandemic era.
Our findings emphasize the judicious use of antibiotics in COVID-19
therapy, especially in poor and developing countries across the
globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hossain MJ, Ahmmed F, Khandokar L, Rahman SMA, Hridoy A, Ripa FA, Emran TB, Islam MR, Mitra S, Alam M. Status of psychological health of students following the extended university closure in Bangladesh: Results from a web-based cross-sectional study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000315. [PMID: 36962237 PMCID: PMC10021959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Students' severe affective mental distress has emerged as significant public health attention globally because of the disastrous effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study aimed at exploring the prevalence of two alarming psychological distresses, depression and anxiety, among university students following a prolonged shutdown of educational institutions in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted by deploying two standard scales to assess the depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi students from various universities amid the 2nd stream of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 568 Bangladeshi university students participated in this questionnaire-based survey through various social media platforms. Frequency and percentage distribution as univariate, chi-square (χ2) test as bivariate, and logistic regression as multivariate analyses were applied to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated various sociodemographic factors. After cleaning and eliminating the partial data, we analyzed 465 responses, where 42% were female and 64.3% were from public universities. Both mental disorders were prevalent in more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students. The students from the private universities were two times and 2.7 times more depressed and anxious, respectively than the students from the public universities. In addition, the students who became incomeless had significantly more anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.711; p = 0.018) than those who did not lose income source during the COVID-19 lockdown. The present study revealed that more than 50% of Bangladeshi university students were suffering from depression and anxiety. Several effective measures must be assured by the concerted efforts of university authorities, educationalists, and the Government to alleviate these distressing mental health burdens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asaduzzaman Hridoy
- Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Alam Ripa
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Institute of Education and Research, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rahman S, Hossain MJ, Islam MR. The Upsurge of Diarrhea Amid COVID-19 Pandemic Makes Matter Worse in Bangladesh: A Call to Action. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221117419. [PMID: 35966641 PMCID: PMC9364194 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have seen an alarming increase in diarrhea prevalence amid Coronavirus
Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Bangladesh. Healthcare professionals might
face difficulty in diagnosis as these two infectious diseases have
some common symptoms. Though there are confirmatory diagnostic tests
for individual cases, there are chances of misdiagnosis as
co-infections occur. Here we presented distinct clinical features of
diarrhea and COVID-19 for differential diagnosis. We demonstrated the
common overlapping symptoms of these two infectious diseases to
facilitate fast diagnosis of patients. Also, we have discussed
possible reasons for this upsurge of diarrheal infections in
Bangladesh. Finally, we have made some recommendations based on our
findings for managing this upsurge of diarrheal disease during the
COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The healthcare authorities should
take immediate measures before the tremendous twin effects of these
two infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Islam MR, Hossain MJ. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has created panic among the people across the world: What should we do right now? J Med Virol 2021; 94:1768-1769. [PMID: 34939691 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|