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Solhjoo S, Haigney MC, Siddharthan T, Koch A, Punjabi NM. Sleep-Disordered Breathing Destabilizes Ventricular Repolarization. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.02.10.23285789. [PMID: 36824787 PMCID: PMC9949208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.23285789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Objectives To characterize the associations between SDB, intermittent hypoxemia, and the beat-to-beat QT variability index (QTVI), a measure of ventricular repolarization lability associated with a higher risk for cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and mortality. Methods Three distinct cohorts were used for the current study. The first cohort, used for cross-sectional analysis, was a matched sample of 122 participants with and without severe SDB. The second cohort, used for longitudinal analysis, consisted of a matched sample of 52 participants with and without incident SDB. The cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts were selected from the Sleep Heart Health Study participants. The third cohort comprised 19 healthy adults exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia and ambient air on two separate days. Electrocardiographic measures were calculated from one-lead electrocardiograms. Results Compared to those without SDB, participants with severe SDB had greater QTVI (-1.19 in participants with severe SDB vs. -1.43 in participants without SDB, P = 0.027), heart rate (68.34 vs. 64.92 beats/minute; P = 0.028), and hypoxemia burden during sleep as assessed by the total sleep time with oxygen saturation less than 90% (TST90; 11.39% vs. 1.32%, P < 0.001). TST90, but not the frequency of arousals, was a predictor of QTVI. QTVI during sleep was predictive of all-cause mortality. With incident SDB, mean QTVI increased from -1.23 to -0.86 over 5 years (P = 0.017). Finally, exposing healthy adults to acute intermittent hypoxia for four hours progressively increased QTVI (from -1.85 at baseline to -1.64 after four hours of intermittent hypoxia; P = 0.016). Conclusions Prevalent and incident SDB are associated with ventricular repolarization instability, which predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Intermittent hypoxemia destabilizes ventricular repolarization and may contribute to increased mortality in SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark C. Haigney
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Abigail Koch
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Yeh YL, Lai CM, Liu HP. Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with OSA-COPD overlap syndrome versus COPD alone: an analysis of US Nationwide Inpatient Sample. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 38589824 PMCID: PMC11003138 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with unfavorable outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The purpose of this study was to compare in-hospital outcomes of patients with COPD alone versus OSA-COPD overlap after CABG. METHODS Data of adults ≥ 18 years old with COPD who received elective CABG between 2005 and 2018 were extracted from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Patients were divided into two groups: with OSA-COPD overlap and COPD alone. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance the between-group characteristics. Logistic and linear regression analyses determined the associations between study variables and inpatient outcomes. RESULTS After PSM, data of 2,439 patients with OSA-COPD overlap and 9,756 with COPD alone were analyzed. After adjustment, OSA-COPD overlap was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall postoperative complications (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 95% CI: 1.01-1.24), respiratory failure/prolonged mechanical ventilation (aOR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.14-1.41), and non-routine discharge (aOR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.03-1.29), and AKI (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.29). Patients with OSA-COPD overlap had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81) than those with COPD only. Pneumonia or postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) risks were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Stratified analyses revealed that, compared to COPD alone, OSA-COPD overlap was associated with increased respiratory failure/prolonged mechanical ventilation risks among patients ≥ 60 years, and both obese and non-obese subgroups. In addition, OSA-COPD overlap was associated with increased risk of AKI among the older and obese subgroups. CONCLUSION In US adults who undergo CABG, compared to COPD alone, those with OSA-COPD are at higher risks of non-routine discharge, AKI, and respiratory failure/prolonged mechanical ventilation, but a lower in-hospital mortality. No increased risk of AF was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Liang Yeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital, No. 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Chien-Ming Lai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital, No. 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hui-Pu Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital, No. 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Chaabane S, Chaabna K, Khawaja S, Aboughanem J, Mittal D, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Sleep disorders and associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4656. [PMID: 38409132 PMCID: PMC10897338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances like poor and insufficient sleep are common among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries; however, the extent of medically defined sleep disorders (SDs) remains unclear. This meta-analysis determines SD prevalence and identifies associated factors among medical students in the MENA. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and reference lists of included studies were searched (latest search: June 2022). Meta-analyses included 22 studies and were performed using random-effect models. Included studies used self-reported screening tools for assessing SDs and then estimated the proportion of participants at high risk of developing a SD. Central disorders of hypersomnolence were the most prevalent SD [prevalencepooled range: 30.9% (Jordan) to 62.5% (Saudi Arabia)], followed by insomnia disorders [prevalencepooled range: 30.4% (Jordan) to 59.1% (Morocco)], circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders [prevalencepooled range: 13.5% (Jordan) to 22.4% (Saudi Arabia)], sleep-related breathing disorders [prevalencepooled range: 12.2% (Jordan) to 22.5% (Pakistan)], sleep-related movement disorders [prevalencepooled range: 5.9% (Egypt) to 30.6% (Saudi Arabia)], and parasomnias [prevalencepooled range: 5.6% (Jordan) to 17.4% (Saudi Arabia)]. Female sex, studying in the latter academic years, having anxiety, excessive internet use, and poor academic performance were significantly associated with SDs. SDs are prevalent among MENA medical students. Implementing student-centered interventions targeting high risk groups in medical schools should be considered to improve students' health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salina Khawaja
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jasmine Aboughanem
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhruv Mittal
- Intern, Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Nara-Sauceda J, Moreno-Pacheco M, Patiño-García J. [Obstructive sleep apnea in cardiology clinical practice. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2024; 94:141-150. [PMID: 38306451 PMCID: PMC11160540 DOI: 10.24875/acm.23000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic feasibility of home respiratory polygraphy and treatment of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at cardiovascular risk. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in patients seen in a cardiology outpatient service with suspected OSA, from January 2015 to December 2019. The information was obtained from medical records, and a descriptive statistical analysis was applied to this information. Results 138 files were reviewed; only 8% of the home respiratory polygraphs were discarded, because they did not meet the required quality standards. It was demonstrated that 89% suffered from OSA, 60% moderate to severe; in men after 50 years of age. The main cardiovascular risk factors was hypertension (89%). The most prevalent heart disease was hypertension (52%). Cardiovascular pharmacological treatment was improved in 82% of the cases. Cardiac rehabilitation in 30%, noninvasive mechanical ventilation 41%, fixed modality 33%, and self-adjustable 9%, all with telemetry. Conclusions The prevalence and severity of OSA is higher in the presence of risk or established cardiovascular disease. In the presence of clinical suspicion, it is feasible to confirm the diagnosis with home respiratory poligrafy due to the level of precision and the lower infrastructure required. Greater involvement of the cardiologist in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is necessary due to the significant risk of cardiovascular disease it represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Nara-Sauceda
- Área de Investigación, Clínica Cardiológica, Cardio Integral Unidad Médica, Centro Hospitalario MAC
| | - Mario Moreno-Pacheco
- Departamento de Investigación, DM Laboratorio Análisis Clínicos. Celaya, Gto., México
| | - Jesica Patiño-García
- Área de Investigación, Clínica Cardiológica, Cardio Integral Unidad Médica, Centro Hospitalario MAC
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Bilal M, Jamil Y, Rana D, Shah HH. Enhancing Awareness and Self-diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using AI-Powered Chatbots: The Role of ChatGPT in Revolutionizing Healthcare. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:136-138. [PMID: 37389659 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Since OpenAI (San Francisco, CA) released its generative AI chatbot, ChatGPT, we are on the cusp of technological transformation. The tool is capable of generating text according to the input that the user adds to it. Due to its ability to imitate human speech tone while extracting encyclopedic knowledge, ChatGPT can be a platform for personalized patient interaction. Thus, it has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare system. Our study aims to evaluate how ChatGPT can answer the queries of patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and aid in self-diagnosis. By analyzing symptoms and guiding patients' behavior toward prevention, ChatGPT can play a major role in avoiding serious health repercussions that develop in the later course of obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Bilal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Yumna Jamil
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dua Rana
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Miller MA, Howarth NE. Sleep and cardiovascular disease. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:457-466. [PMID: 38084859 PMCID: PMC10754327 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This review centres around the recent evidence in examining the intersection of sleep and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sleep in this review will be further subdivided to consider both sleep quantity and quality along and will also consider some of the more common sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea, in the context of CVD. Sleep disorders have been further explored in several specific populations which are both at risk of sleep disorders and CVD. Secondly, the review will present some of the risk factors for CVD that are affected by sleep and sleep disorders which include hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. It will also examine the potential underlying mechanisms including inflammation, appetite control, endocrine, and genetic processes that are affected by sleep and sleep disorders leading to increased risk of CVD development. In addition, we will consider the observed bi-directional relationships between sleep and cardiovascular risk factors. For example, obesity, a risk factor for CVD can be affected by sleep, but in turn can increase the risk of certain sleep disorder development which disrupts sleep, leading to further risk of obesity development and increased CVD risk. Finally, the review will explore emerging evidence around lifestyle interventions that have included a sleep component and how it impacts the management of CVD risk factor. The need for increased awareness of the health effects of poor sleep and sleep disorders will be discussed alongside the need for policy intervention to improve sleep to facilitate better health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Miller
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Nathan E. Howarth
- Division of Health Sciences (Mental Health and Wellbeing), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Andrisani G, Andrisani G. Sleep apnea pathophysiology. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:2111-2122. [PMID: 36976413 PMCID: PMC10656321 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the pathophysiology underlying sleep apnea (SA). BACKGROUND We consider several critical features of SA including the roles played by the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) that controls vegetative functions and electroencephalographic findings associated with both SA and normal sleep. We evaluate this knowledge together with our current understanding of the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) and mechanisms that contribute directly to normal and disordered sleep. MTN neurons express γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors which activate them (make chlorine come out of the cells) and that can be activated by GABA released from the hypothalamic preoptic area. METHOD We reviewed the published literature focused on sleep apnea (SA) reported in Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases. RESULTS The MTN neurons respond to the hypothalamic GABA release by releasing glutamate that activates neurons in the ARAS. Based on these findings, we conclude that a dysfunctional MTN may be incapable of activating neurons in the ARAS, notably those in the parabrachial nucleus, and that this will ultimately lead to SA. Despite its name, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not caused by an airway obstruction that prevents breathing. CONCLUSIONS While obstruction may contribute to the overall pathology, the primary factor involved in this scenario is the lack of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Andrisani
- Matera Via Della Croce 47, 75100, Matera, Italy.
- Università Degli Studi Di Bari, Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Andrisani
- Ezelsveldlaan 2, 2611 rv, Delft, Netherlands
- Universidad Alfonso X, El Sabio Villanueva de La Canada, Madrid, Spain
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Alshahrani AA, Alshadidi AAF, Alamri MAA, Alamri AAA, Alshehri AHJ, Cicciù M, Isola G, Minervini G. Prevalence of bruxism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients: A systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1362-1368. [PMID: 37422904 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep bruxism (SB) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are two sleep-related conditions that have been associated with significantly conflicting results in literature. Understanding the prevalence of bruxism among OSA patients is crucial for identifying possible comorbidities and optimising treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed at analysing the prevalence of SB in OSAS sufferers and understanding the association between the two. METHODS Five online databases were searched for relevant articles in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for conduction of systematic reviews. Studies reporting the prevalence of bruxism in OSAS patients and diagnosed through clinical assessments or polysomnography were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). RESULTS A thorough search of literature yielded only two studies were eligible for this review. SB was found to be significantly present in the OSAS group. Despite methodological variations, the majority of studies reported higher rates of bruxism in OSAS patients compared to the general population or control groups. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review point to a significant association between bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea. Further research is required to determine a more precise prevalence rate and investigate the potential therapeutic implications of the bruxism-OSAS association that uses a standardised assessment techniques and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Dental technology, College of applied medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq Ali F Alshadidi
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdullah Hassan J Alshehri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Ravichandran R, Gupta L, Singh M, Nag A, Thomas J, Panjiyar BK. The Interplay Between Sleep Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45898. [PMID: 37885512 PMCID: PMC10598613 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the predominant cause of global mortality, resulting in a substantial annual loss of human lives. Among these conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand out as the primary cause of death. The majority of CVD cases can be attributed to certain factors that, upon modification, have the potential to significantly decrease both the incidence and severity of the disease. For numerous years, the impact of sleep disorders on cardiovascular health has been a prominent subject of extensive discussion. Chronic sleep disturbances are known to have a range of negative health consequences, with the relationship between sleep apnea and hypertension being well-established through numerous studies. However, further exploration is needed to understand other disease associations with sleep apnea and to examine the impact of various sleep disorders, aside from sleep apnea, on cardiovascular health. This systematic review assesses the available evidence on the association between various sleep disorders and cardiovascular diseases by addressing the question: Do sleep disorders contribute to or exacerbate cardiovascular diseases? After a comprehensive review, we identified 122 articles. Following this initial review, seven papers directly aligned with our research topic. Subsequently, we meticulously assessed the remaining seven papers, all meeting our predetermined criteria. Our analysis showed a strong correlation between sleep disruptions and cardiovascular health. Numerous sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, and insomnia, have shown different effects on cardiovascular outcomes. Increased risks of illnesses such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), hypertension, cardiovascular mortality, and coronary artery calcification were included in these consequences. This systematic review underscores the need for early identification and comprehensive management of sleep disturbances to mitigate their potential adverse effects on cardiovascular well-being. Integrating strategies that address sleep disorders and cardiovascular health is imperative in enhancing overall health outcomes. This study paves the way for more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches by focusing on the relationship between sleep disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshana Ravichandran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, IND
| | - Lovish Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mansi Singh
- Department of Medicine, O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Aiswarya Nag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Jingle Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Global Clinical Scholars Research Training (GCSRT) and Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME), Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Jaramillo AP, Yasir M, Iyer N, Hussein S, Sn VP. Sudden Cardiac Death: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42859. [PMID: 37664320 PMCID: PMC10473441 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a condition that accounts for a high percentage of cardiovascular fatalities, with ventricular tachyarrhythmias being the most common cause. There are signs and symptoms of SCD that occur spontaneously without any warning and are deadly. Despite preventative efforts focusing on the use of subcutaneous implanted cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICD) in the highest-risk population categories, a high number of SCDs occur in the normal population and in people who do not have a documented cardiac condition. Therefore, primary prevention for SCD should be a more viable strategy for the general population, considering measures in the form of preventive medicine such as knowing more about any genetic predisposition, family history of any fatal arrhythmia, continuous surveillance after any syncope with unknown causes, etc. However, little data about SCD risk factors are known in comparison with other well-known diseases like ischemic heart disease and stroke. In search of medical databases for relevant medical literature, we looked at PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Thirteen publications were discovered after the papers were located, assessed, and qualifying criteria were applied. The finished articles were done to give an overview of SCD. Some others have shown that the major predisposition for SCD is related to the male gender, which increases the incidence if they have a family history of SCD. We described the importance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a comorbid condition. Patients with S-ICD and young athletes with a history of ventricular arrhythmia showed us that the predisposition for SCD can be higher than in the normal population. Based on the above, we concluded that more study is required to establish the most important approach for each of the risk factors mentioned in this systematic review in order to apply them in daily practice and have more knowledge about how to apply preventive and therapeutic medicine to the population at risk and the ones that already develop the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Yasir
- Internal Medicine, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, RUS
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nandhini Iyer
- Internal Medicine, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, IND
| | - Sally Hussein
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Vijay Prabhu Sn
- Internal Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
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Sheng H, Wang R, Liu C. The effect of explicit and implicit online self-compassion interventions on sleep quality among Chinese adults: A longitudinal and diary study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1062148. [PMID: 36818080 PMCID: PMC9935612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1062148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of explicit and implicit online intervention methods for self-compassion on improving sleep quality among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 328 adult participants were recruited to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire and Self-compassion Scale, and 168 participants were randomly assigned to one of three different conditions: two self-compassion intervention groups (self-compassion writing intervention asked participants to write several sentences with self-compassion, and self-compassion combination intervention asked participants to combine words into complete sentences with self-compassion) and one control group. After 1 week of online self-compassion intervention with daily sleep quality measured simultaneously, 150 participants completed the posttest of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire and Self-Compassion Scale. Results The pretest and posttests results showed that the self-compassion level and sleep quality of the self-compassion writing intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the self-compassion combination intervention group and the control group. For the diary tracking results, sleep quality was significantly better for both the self-compassion writing intervention group and self-compassion combination intervention group than the control group, however, the self-compassion writing intervention group showed great improvements. Conclusion Both self-compassion writing and combination interventions were effective in improving sleep quality, and the effect of self-compassion writing was more stable.
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Liu Y, Abdul Ghafoor A, Hajipour M, Ayas N. Role of precision medicine in obstructive sleep apnoea. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000218. [PMID: 36936264 PMCID: PMC9951383 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea is a substantial clinical and public health problem because it contributes to harmful effects on quality of life, daytime symptoms, road traffic incidents, and cardiometabolic disease. Increasingly, obstructive sleep apnoea is recognised as a heterogeneous disease, and patients have varied susceptibility to long term complications and different responses to treatment. This narrative review summarises the current knowledge of precision medicine in obstructive sleep apnoea, particularly the role of symptom clusters, polysomnogram phenotypes, physiological endotypes, and circulating biomarkers in defining subtypes. In the near future, the prognostic accuracy of these measures in predicting long term complications in obstructive sleep apnoea will likely be improved, together with better matching of treatments to disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ali Abdul Ghafoor
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Hajipour
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Najib Ayas
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Leon Judah Blackmore Sleep Disorders Program, UBC Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Development and validation of a metabolite index for obstructive sleep apnea across race/ethnicities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21805. [PMID: 36526671 PMCID: PMC9758170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep resulting in oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation, and associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Metabolites are being increasingly used for biomarker discovery and evaluation of disease processes and progression. Studying metabolomic associations with OSA in a diverse community-based cohort may provide insights into the pathophysiology of OSA. We aimed to develop and replicate a metabolite index for OSA and identify individual metabolites associated with OSA. We studied 219 metabolites and their associations with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and with moderate-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (n = 3507) using two methods: (1) association analysis of individual metabolites, and (2) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify a subset of metabolites jointly associated with OSA, which was used to develop a metabolite index for OSA. Results were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (n = 475). When assessing the associations with individual metabolites, we identified seven metabolites significantly positively associated with OSA in HCHS/SOL (FDR p < 0.05), of which four associations-glutamate, oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2), linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:2) and phenylalanine, were replicated in MESA (one sided-p < 0.05). The OSA metabolite index, composed of 14 metabolites, was associated with a 50% increased risk for moderate-severe OSA (OR = 1.50 [95% CI 1.21-1.85] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index, p < 0.001) in HCHS/SOL and 55% increased risk (OR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.10-2.20] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index, p = 0.013) in MESA, both adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Similar albeit less significant associations were observed for AHI. Replication of the metabolite index in an independent multi-ethnic dataset demonstrates the robustness of metabolomic-based OSA index to population heterogeneity. Replicated metabolite associations may provide insights into OSA-related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
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14
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Zhao Y, Yan X, Liang C, Wang L, Zhang H, Yu H. Incorporating neck circumference or neck-to-height ratio into the GOAL questionnaire to better detect and describe obstructive sleep apnea with application to clinical decisions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1014948. [PMID: 36312007 PMCID: PMC9599743 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1014948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although neck circumference (NC) and neck-to-height ratio (NHR) have been recognized as effective predictors of the clinical diagnosis of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), they have not been included in the widely used GOAL questionnaire. Not coincidentally, the NHR has not been adequately considered in the development and validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire, No-Apnea score and the NoSAS score. The motivation for the study was (1) to combine the GOAL questionnaire with the NC and NHR, respectively, to evaluate its predictive performance and (2) to compare it with the STOP-Bang questionnaire, the No-Apnea score, the NOSAS score, and the GOAL questionnaire. Materials and methods This retrospectively allocated cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2022 in adults who underwent nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) or home sleep apnea testing (HSAT). In this paper, the GOAL questionnaire was combined with the NC and NHR, respectively, using logistic regression. The performance of the six screening tools was assessed by discriminatory ability [area under the curve (AUC) obtained from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves] and a 2 × 2 league table [including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR−)] and compared under AHI ≥5/h, AHI ≥15/h, and AHI ≥30/h conditions. Results A total of 288 patients were enrolled in the study. For all severity OSA levels, the sensitivity of GOAL+NC ranged from 70.12 to 70.80%, and specificity ranged from 86.49 to 76.16%. The sensitivity of GOAL+NHR ranged from 73.31 to 81.75%, while specificity ranged from 83.78 to 70.86%. As for area under the curve (AUC) value under ROC curve, when AHI ≥5/h, compared with GOAL (0.806), No-Apnea (0.823), NoSAS (0.817), and GOAL+NC (0.815), GOAL+NHR (0.831) obtained the highest AUC value, but lower than STOP-Bang (0.837). Conclusion The predictive power of incorporating NC or NHR into the GOAL questionnaire was significantly better than that of the GOAL itself. Furthermore, GOAL+NHR was superior to GOAL+NC in predicting OSA severity and better than the No-Apnea score and the NoSAS score.
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Ooi EL, Rajendran S. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101178. [PMID: 35341799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder, characterised by obstruction of upper airways during sleep, resulting in repetitive breathing pauses accompanied by oxygen desaturation and arousal from sleep. OSA patients commonly suffers from poor sleep quality and reduced quality of life. Further, OSA is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and linked independently to both structural coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as functional CAD. Structural CAD is depicted by atherosclerosis (either obstructive or non-obstructive) of the epicardial coronary arteries, while functional CAD, encompasses the spectrum of coronary vasomotor disorders (CVD). There are multiple factors including intermittent hypoxia (IH), sleep fragmentation, and intra-thoracic pressure swings leading to altered cardiopulmonary vascular hemodynamic. IH and its downstream maladaptive responses has the most robust evidence for OSA's role in atherogenesis. CPAP therapy has been linked with reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in meta-analyses, however, pivotal randomised controlled trials failed to demonstrate its significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Lee Ooi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5005
| | - Sharmalar Rajendran
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5005; Department of Cardiology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
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Ha ACT, Doumouras BS, Wang CN, Tranmer J, Lee DS. Prediction of sudden cardiac arrest in the general population: Review of traditional and emerging risk factors. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:465-478. [PMID: 35041932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common and devastating outcome of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), defined as an abrupt and unexpected cessation of cardiovascular function leading to circulatory collapse. The incidence of SCD is relatively infrequent for individuals in the general population, in the range of 0.03-0.10% per year. Yet, the absolute number of cases around the world is high due to the sheer size of the population at risk, making SCA/SCD a major global health issue. Based on conservative estimates, there are at least 2 million cases of SCA occurring worldwide on a yearly basis. As such, identification of risk factors associated with SCA in the general population is an important objective from a clinical and public health standpoint. This review will provide an in-depth discussion of established and emerging factors predictive of SCA/SCD in the general population beyond coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction. Contemporary studies evaluating the association between age, sex, race, socioeconomic status and the emerging contribution of diabetes and obesity to SCD risk beyond their role as atherosclerotic risk factors will be reviewed. In addition, the role of biomarkers, particularly electrocardiographic ones, on SCA/SCD risk prediction in the general population will be discussed. Finally, the use of machine learning as a tool to facilitate SCA/SCD risk prediction will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C T Ha
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbara S Doumouras
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chang Nancy Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Tranmer
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ICES Queens, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas S Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES Central, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Trzepizur W, Blanchard M, Ganem T, Balusson F, Feuilloy M, Girault JM, Meslier N, Oger E, Paris A, Pigeanne T, Racineux JL, Sabil A, Gervès-Pinquié C, Gagnadoux F. Sleep Apnea-Specific Hypoxic Burden, Symptom Subtypes, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:108-117. [PMID: 34648724 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202105-1274oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Data from population-based cohorts suggest that symptom subtypes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-specific hypoxic burden (HB) could help to better identify patients with OSA at high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate whether those new markers are associated with the risk of major adverse CV events (MACE) in clinical setting. Methods: Data from the Pays de la Loire cohort were linked to health administrative data to identify the occurrence of MACE (a composite outcome including all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and unplanned coronary revascularization) in patients with newly diagnosed OSA and no overt CV disease. Latent class analysis was used to identify subtypes based on eight clinically relevant variables. HB was defined as the total area under the respiratory event-related desaturation curve. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of symptom subtypes and HB with MACE. Measurements and Main Results: Four symptom subtypes were identified (minimally symptomatic [22.0%], disturbed sleep [17.5%], excessively sleepy [49.8%], and moderately sleepy [10.6%]). After a median follow-up of 78 months (interquartile range, 52-109), 592 (11.05%) of 5,358 patients experienced MACE. In a fully adjusted model, HB and overall nocturnal hypoxemia assessed by sleep time with oxygen saturation <90% were the only predictors of MACE (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.38; and hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.55, respectively). The association appeared stronger toward younger patients and women. Conclusion: In clinical setting, patients with OSA who demonstrate elevated OSA-specific HB are at higher risk of a CV event and all-cause mortality. Symptom subtypes were not associated with MACE after adjustment for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trzepizur
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Angers University hospital, Angers, France.,INSERM Unit 1063, Angers, France
| | | | - Timothée Ganem
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Angers University hospital, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Balusson
- Rennes University, Rennes University Hospital, EA 7449 [Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research] REPERES, Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Nicole Meslier
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Angers University hospital, Angers, France.,INSERM Unit 1063, Angers, France
| | - Emmanuel Oger
- Rennes University, Rennes University Hospital, EA 7449 [Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research] REPERES, Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Paris
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Le Mans General Hospital, Le Mans, France
| | - Thierry Pigeanne
- Respiratory Unit, Pôle santé des Olonnes, Olonne sur Mer, France
| | - Jean-Louis Racineux
- Pays de la Loire Respiratory Health Research Institute, Beaucouzé, France; and
| | | | | | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Angers University hospital, Angers, France.,INSERM Unit 1063, Angers, France
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The Effect of Sera from Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) on Human Cardiomyocytes Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111418. [PMID: 34768848 PMCID: PMC8584070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients suffer from cardiovascular morbidity, which is the leading cause of death in this disease. Based on our previous work with transformed cell lines and primary rat cardiomyocytes, we determined that upon incubation with sera from pediatric OSAS patients, the cell’s morphology changes, NF-κB pathway is activated, and their beating rate and viability decreases. These results suggest an important link between OSAS, systemic inflammatory signals and end-organ cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we confirmed and expanded these observations on a new in vitro system of beating human cardiomyocytes (CM) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hES). Our results show that incubation with pediatric OSAS sera, in contrast to sera from healthy children, induces over-expression of NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits, marked reduction in CMs beating rate, contraction amplitude and a strong reduction in intracellular calcium signal. The use of human CM cells derived from embryonic stem cells has not been previously reported in OSAS research. The results further support the hypothesis that NF-κB dependent inflammatory pathways play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular morbidity in OSAS. This study uncovers a new model to investigate molecular and functional aspects of cardiovascular pathology in OSAS.
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Jacobowitz O, Afifi L, Penzel T, Poyares D, Marklund M, Kushida C. Endorsement of: "treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea with positive airway pressure: an American academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline" by World Sleep Society. Sleep Med 2021; 89:19-22. [PMID: 34864508 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines for the evaluation and management of sleep disorders from national societies provide recommendations that may be regionally appropriate but may not always be practical or relevant in other parts of the world. A task force of experts from the World Sleep Society's (WSS) International Sleep Medicine Guidelines Committee and Sleep and Breathing Disorders Taskforce reviewed the American Academy of Sleep Medicine's Clinical Practice Guideline on the Treatment of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) with Positive Airway Pressure with respect to its relevance and applicability to the practice of sleep medicine by sleep specialists in various regions of the world. To improve the evaluation of the guideline, surveys were sent by the senior author and the WSS to approximately 800 sleep doctors around the world to query the availability of OSA treatments in their respective region. The task force and the WSS guidelines committee endorsed the AASM's CPAP guidelines with respect to the indications for PAP therapy, utilization of different PAP modalities, and concurrent strategies to improve outcomes, noting appropriate caveats for universal applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Jacobowitz
- Sleep Department, ENT and Allergy Associates, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lamia Afifi
- Clinical Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Psychobiology Department, Sleep Medicine Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clete Kushida
- Sleep Clinic and Center for Human Sleep Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
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