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K K G, K HK, Ravichandran R, V P, S K, Jinesh KB, Mathew OP, Ananthakumar S, Mohammed ASP. Effect of titanium dioxide nanocoating on the colour stability of room temperature vulcanizing maxillofacial silicone-an invitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7799-7807. [PMID: 37919552 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an oxide nanocoating to prevent colour degradation of maxillofacial silicone elastomers following accelerated ageing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens (N = 40) of specified dimensions were fabricated in Factor II room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone and processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Two groups were classified with 20 specimens each. Specimens in the first group were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) by atomic layer deposition technology. The colour stability test was conducted with a UV-VIS spectrometer (Schimadzu) for both titanium dioxide nanocoated and uncoated specimen groups after subjecting them to accelerated ageing. It was analysed using the CIE L*a*b method. RESULTS The average colour change was highest for uncoated specimens (2.868), and the average colour change for titanium dioxide-coated specimens was significantly low (1.774). The average colour change of uncoated specimens (2.868) was close to the acceptable threshold value (3), and that of coated specimens (1.774) was far below the acceptable threshold (3). CONCLUSIONS The colour change that occurred in titanium dioxide nanocoated specimens following accelerated ageing was significantly lower than that in the uncoated group, showing that the TiO2 nanocoating was effective in reducing the colour degradation of silicone elastomers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maxillofacial prostheses fabricated from silicone elastomers go through undesirable colour degradation over time. The development of a scientific technique that retards the colour deterioration of silicone prostheses would be of great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika K K
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
| | - Harsha Kumar K
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Prasanth V
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Kala S
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - K B Jinesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Oommen P Mathew
- Population Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695034, India
| | - S Ananthakumar
- Material Science and Technology Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - A Sri Peer Mohammed
- Material Science and Technology Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
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Singh M, Nag A, Gupta L, Thomas J, Ravichandran R, Panjiyar BK. Impact of Social Support on Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45836. [PMID: 37881384 PMCID: PMC10597590 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand as the primary causes of both mortality and morbidity on a global scale. Social factors such as low social support can increase the risk of developing heart diseases and have shown poor prognosis in cardiac patients. Resources such as PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using a boolean algorithm for articles published between 2003 and 2023. Eligible articles showed an association between social support and cardiovascular risks. A systematic review was conducted using the guidance published in the Cochrane Prognosis Method Group and the PRISMA checklist, for reviews of selected articles. A total of five studies were included in our final analysis. Overall, we found that participants with low social support developed cardiovascular events, and providing a good support system can decrease the risk of readmission in patients with a history of CVD. We also found that integrating social determinants in the cardiovascular risk prediction model showed improvement in accessing the risk. Population with good social support showed low mortality and decreased rate of readmission. There are various prediction models, but the social determinants are not primarily included while calculating the algorithms. Although it has been proven in multiple studies that including the social determinants of health (SDOH) improves the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction models. Hence, the inclusion of SDOH should be highly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Singh
- Medicine, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Aiswarya Nag
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Lovish Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Jingle Thomas
- Internal Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | | | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Ravichandran R, Gupta L, Singh M, Nag A, Thomas J, Panjiyar BK. The Interplay Between Sleep Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45898. [PMID: 37885512 PMCID: PMC10598613 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the predominant cause of global mortality, resulting in a substantial annual loss of human lives. Among these conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand out as the primary cause of death. The majority of CVD cases can be attributed to certain factors that, upon modification, have the potential to significantly decrease both the incidence and severity of the disease. For numerous years, the impact of sleep disorders on cardiovascular health has been a prominent subject of extensive discussion. Chronic sleep disturbances are known to have a range of negative health consequences, with the relationship between sleep apnea and hypertension being well-established through numerous studies. However, further exploration is needed to understand other disease associations with sleep apnea and to examine the impact of various sleep disorders, aside from sleep apnea, on cardiovascular health. This systematic review assesses the available evidence on the association between various sleep disorders and cardiovascular diseases by addressing the question: Do sleep disorders contribute to or exacerbate cardiovascular diseases? After a comprehensive review, we identified 122 articles. Following this initial review, seven papers directly aligned with our research topic. Subsequently, we meticulously assessed the remaining seven papers, all meeting our predetermined criteria. Our analysis showed a strong correlation between sleep disruptions and cardiovascular health. Numerous sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, and insomnia, have shown different effects on cardiovascular outcomes. Increased risks of illnesses such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), hypertension, cardiovascular mortality, and coronary artery calcification were included in these consequences. This systematic review underscores the need for early identification and comprehensive management of sleep disturbances to mitigate their potential adverse effects on cardiovascular well-being. Integrating strategies that address sleep disorders and cardiovascular health is imperative in enhancing overall health outcomes. This study paves the way for more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches by focusing on the relationship between sleep disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshana Ravichandran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, IND
| | - Lovish Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mansi Singh
- Department of Medicine, O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Aiswarya Nag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Jingle Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Global Clinical Scholars Research Training (GCSRT) and Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME), Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Nag A, Singh M, Thomas J, Ravichandran R, Gupta L, Panjiyar BK. Role of Biologic Therapies in the Rheumatic Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45195. [PMID: 37842480 PMCID: PMC10576538 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the intricate relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). EIMs of IBD include rheumatological, mucocutaneous, ocular, neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, renal, hepatobiliary, and hematologic manifestations. Rheumatic manifestations are identified as the most common EIM, including axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis, arthralgia, sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and dactylitis. The convergence of the two distinct yet interconnected medical domains has spurred extensive research into the potential benefits of biological therapies as a treatment approach compared to the traditional method of treatment. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and overall impact of biological therapies in managing the rheumatic manifestations associated with IBD. Seventy-five articles from reputed journals published between January 1, 2013 and August 19, 2023 were reviewed. A set of eight papers were chosen for the focused study. The evaluation considered variables, such as rheumatic symptoms, in established IBD patients and compared the available biologic treatment and its benefits in alleviating rheumatic manifestations of IBD. By delving into the available literature and critically evaluating the relevant studies, this review shows insights into the role of biological therapies in the management of rheumatic symptoms in IBD. However, we must also address the limitations in implementing these since newer therapies are on the horizon. Hence, in-depth exploration and refinement of therapeutic strategies are needed to ultimately enhance patient care and quality of life for those affected by IBD. Infact, emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are being used to improve the precision of diagnosis and enhance patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Nag
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Mansi Singh
- Department of Medicine, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Jingle Thomas
- Internal Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | | | - Lovish Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Gupta L, Thomas J, Ravichandran R, Singh M, Nag A, Panjiyar BK. Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Cureus 2023; 15:e45483. [PMID: 37859889 PMCID: PMC10584272 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) represent a global challenge and are regarded as one of the leading causes of mortality. The role of inflammation as a risk factor in these disorders has been studied, with the accelerated atherosclerotic process being a crucial factor in the pathogenesis. Several inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukins (ILs), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and others have been identified that play a role in the atherosclerotic process, thus linking systemic inflammatory conditions with CVDs, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic heart failure (CHF), venous thromboembolism (VTE) and others. These markers could be used to predict the risk of CVDs. Understanding the precise mechanisms can lead to therapeutic strategies targeted at pro-inflammatory processes. We aim to provide an overview of the existing literature on the role of inflammation in various cardiovascular disorders and identify different inflammatory biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this comprehensive literature review. We reviewed 190 references published between 2013 and August 3, 2023, in well-reputed journals and analyzed eight selected papers in-depth. We describe the pathophysiologic pathways that lead to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies. Several inflammatory cytokines encompassing various groups were identified to be causing endothelial dysfunction, leading to an increased risk for CVDs. Polymorphisms in the genes for different cytokines also led to different levels of susceptibility to CVDs. Nevertheless, future research detailing the inflammatory pathways and their link with CVDs would lead to better outcomes for patients with preexisting and new onset of CVDs as well as chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovish Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Jingle Thomas
- Internal Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | | | - Mansi Singh
- Department of Medicine, O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Aiswarya Nag
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Global Clinical Scholars Research Training (GCSRT) and Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME), Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Thomas J, Ravichandran R, Nag A, Gupta L, Singh M, Panjiyar BK. Advancing Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Versus Routine Colonoscopy. Cureus 2023; 15:e45278. [PMID: 37846251 PMCID: PMC10576852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a rapidly escalating public health concern, which underlines the significance of its early detection and the need for the refinement of current screening methods. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the potential advantages and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems as compared to routine colonoscopy. This review begins by shedding light on the global prevalence and mortality rates of CRC, highlighting the urgent need for effective screening techniques and early detection of this cancer type. It addresses the problems associated with undetected adenomas and polyps and the subsequent risk of interval CRC following colonoscopy. The incorporation of AI into diagnostics has been studied, specifically the use of CADe systems which are powered by deep learning. The review summarizes the findings from 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (2019-2023), evaluating the impact of CADe on polyp and adenoma detection. The findings from the studies consistently show that CADe is superior to conventional colonoscopy procedures in terms of adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR), particularly with regard to small and flat lesions which are easily overlooked. The review acknowledges certain limitations of the included studies, such as potential performance bias and geographic limitations. The review ultimately concludes that AI-assisted colonoscopy can reduce missed lesion rates and improve CRC diagnosis. Collaboration between experts and clinicians is key for successful implementation. In summary, this review analyzes recent RCTs on AI-assisted colonoscopy for polyp and adenoma detection. It describes the likely benefits, limitations, and future implications of AI in enhancing colonoscopy procedures and lowering the incidence of CRC. More double-blinded trials and studies among diverse populations from different countries must be conducted to substantiate and expand upon the findings of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Thomas
- Internal Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | | | - Aiswarya Nag
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Lovish Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mansi Singh
- Medicine, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- GCSRT, PGMEE, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Ravichandran R, Kaza V, Bremner R, Smith M, Mohanakumar T. Circulating Exosomes with Distinct Immune and Molecular Markers in Lung Transplanted Recipients for Cystic Fibrosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Rahman M, Bansal S, Ravichandran R, Sankpal N, Angara S, Smith M, Bremner R, Mohanakumar T. Downregulation of LKB1-Stradα Pathway in Circulating Exosomes as a Biomarker for Chronic Murine Lung Allograft Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Ravichandran R, Itabashi Y, Fleming T, Poulson C, Bremner R, Smith M, Mohanakumar T. Low Dose IL-2 Therapy Induces T Regulatory Cell Derived Circulatory Exosomes Containing PDL1 and CD73 and Abrogates Development of Chronic Cardiac Allograft Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ravichandran R, Itabashi Y, Liu W, Poulson C, Fleming T, Mohanakumar T. Low Dose Interleukin-2 Induces Exosomes with Tolerance Markers (PDL1, CD73) and Significantly Delays Development of Chronic Rejection Following Murine Heterotopic Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Razia D, Mittal S, Bremner R, Bansal S, Ravichandran R, Smith M, Walia R, Mohanakumar T, Tokman S. Pretransplant GERD-Induced Immune Response Predisposes to CLAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ravichandran R, Itabashi Y, Liu W, Mohanakumar T. Role for Circulating Exosomes with Cardiac Self-Antigens (Myosin and Vimentin) in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rejection in a Murine Heterotopic Model of Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ravichandran R, Amalnath D, Shaha KK, Srinivas BH. Paraquat Poisoning: A Retrospective Study of 55 Patients From a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:155-159. [PMID: 32435092 PMCID: PMC7225766 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In India the data on paraquat (PQ) poisoning are limited to case reports and small case series. Hence, this study was carried out to understand the clinical features and outcomes of PQ poisoning. We also briefly report the relevant Indian studies on PQ poisoning. Materials and methods This was a retrospective case record-based study of PQ poisoning victims admitted over a period of 5 years. Results Of the 55 patients included in this study, the in-hospital mortality rate was 72.7%. Acute kidney injury was the most common manifestation. The use of cyclophosphamide did not affect the clinical outcome. Hemoperfusion (HP) was not done for any patient. Pulmonary edema and acute tubular necrosis were the most common histopathological findings. Conclusion In India, this is one of the most comprehensive studies of PQ toxicity. Hence, we hope that this information would be of use to clinicians who deal with PQ poisoning. How to cite this article Ravichandran R, Amalnath D, Shaha KK, Srinivas BH. Paraquat Poisoning: A Retrospective Study of 55 Patients from a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(3):155–159.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Deepak Amalnath
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Kusa K Shaha
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - B H Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Thiagarajan R, Varsha MKNS, Srinivasan V, Ravichandran R, Saraboji K. Vitamin K1 prevents diabetic cataract by inhibiting lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14684. [PMID: 31604989 PMCID: PMC6789135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of vitamin K1 as a novel lens aldose reductase inhibitor in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract model. A single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) resulted in hyperglycemia, activation of lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) and accumulation of sorbitol in eye lens which could have contributed to diabetic cataract formation. However, when diabetic rats were treated with vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg, sc, twice a week) it resulted in lowering of blood glucose and inhibition of lens aldose reductase activity because of which there was a corresponding decrease in lens sorbitol accumulation. These results suggest that vitamin K1 is a potent inhibitor of lens aldose reductase enzyme and we made an attempt to understand the nature of this inhibition using crude lens homogenate as well as recombinant human aldose reductase enzyme. Our results from protein docking and spectrofluorimetric analyses clearly show that vitamin K1 is a potent inhibitor of ALR2 and this inhibition is primarily mediated by the blockage of DL-glyceraldehyde binding to ALR2. At the same time docking also suggests that vitamin K1 overlaps at the NADPH binding site of ALR2, which probably shows that vitamin K1 could possibly bind both these sites in the enzyme. Another deduction that we can derive from the experiments performed with pure protein is that ALR2 has three levels of affinity, first for NADPH, second for vitamin K1 and third for the substrate DL-glyceraldehyde. This was evident based on the dose-dependency experiments performed with both NADPH and DL-glyceraldehyde. Overall, our study shows the potential of vitamin K1 as an ALR2 inhibitor which primarily blocks enzyme activity by inhibiting substrate interaction of the enzyme. Further structural studies are needed to fully comprehend the exact nature of binding and inhibition of ALR2 by vitamin K1 that could open up possibilities of its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thiagarajan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, 600004, India.
| | - M K N Sai Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - V Srinivasan
- Disease Program Lead - Diabetes, MedGenome Inc., Bangalore, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - K Saraboji
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ravichandran R, Itabashi Y, Liu W, Mohanakumar T. miR-155 Plays an Essential Role in Anti-MHC-Induced Obliterative Airway Disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Joseph TM, Ravichandran R, Lylajam S, Viswabharan P, Janardhanan K, Rajeev S. Evaluation of positional accuracy in multiple implants using four different splinting materials: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018; 18:239-247. [PMID: 30111913 PMCID: PMC6070859 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_27_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prosthesis misfit plays an important role in complications such as occlusal and abutment screw loosening and fracture in implant restorations. Reproducing the intraoral relationship of implants through impression procedures is the first step in achieving an accurate, passively fitting prosthesis to ensure maximum accuracy. Hence, splinting of multiple implants with most accurate material may be a valid option. Context: The results of splinting multiple implants are always inconsistent, and there is limited literature available to compare the accuracy of impression techniques as well as materials. In such situation, more and more studies have to be done to prove the efficacy and accuracy of each splinting materials. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the positional accuracy in multiple implants using acrylic resin, pattern resin, flowable composite, and bite registration paste. Subjects and Methods: An acrylic resin model was fabricated into which four implant analogs placed. The copings attached were splinted with dental floss onto which acrylic resin was added, which was sectioned and rewelded (Group A). Similarly, pattern resin, flowable composite, and bite registration material were added which were considered as Group B, C, and D, respectively. Impressions were made in vinyl polysiloxane and analogs were attached. The casts retrieved from each group were analysed for the positional accuracy of implants. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA was done to analyze the significant difference between the four implant analogs of each group with the master model. The confidence interval was also calculated to assess the accuracy. Results: It was observed that all materials are equally effective for the accurate reproduction of implant positions. There was no significant difference between the centroids of implant analogues of master model and the mean of interimplant distance 1 and 2, 1 and 4, 3 and 4 and 2 and 4 in each group. The P-values were >0.05. The accuracy of splinting materials were analysed and it showed that splinting with flowable composite (Group C) as well as bite registration paste were in par with the conventionally used materials like pattern resin and acrylic resin. Conclusions: Results showed that flowable composite as well as bite registration material can be recommended as splinting material of choice for multiple implant cases, as these exhibited similar results like other groups (pattern resin and acrylic resin) which are conventionally used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Maria Joseph
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - S Lylajam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Prasanth Viswabharan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Kavitha Janardhanan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Smitha Rajeev
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Joseph TM, Ravichandran R, Harshakumar K, Lylajam S. Prosthetic rehabilitation in neurosurgical cranioplasty. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018; 18:76-81. [PMID: 29430147 PMCID: PMC5799974 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_136_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The defects of the skull cause mechanical vulnerability of the brain, esthetic disfigurement, and transmission of vibrations and pulsation of the brain. Subsequent cranioplasty may be required to compensate for the defect and to alleviate various signs and symptoms. When long-term outcome of biomaterial use in pediatric cases is limited, alloplastic cranioplasty in adults are supported by several large case series. This case report narrates cranioplasty using titanium alloplastic implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Maria Joseph
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - R Ravichandran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K Harshakumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - S Lylajam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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18
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Ravichandran R, Islam MM, Alarcon EI, Samanta A, Wang S, Lundström P, Hilborn J, Griffith M, Phopase J. Correction: Functionalised type-I collagen as a hydrogel building block for bio-orthogonal tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5284. [PMID: 32264115 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb90075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Functionalised type-I collagen as a hydrogel building block for bio-orthogonal tissue engineering applications' by R. Ravichandran et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4, 318-326.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre (IGEN) and Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, S-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
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19
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Jin X, Pan Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Ravichandran R, Potts PR, Jiang J, Wu H, Huang H. MAGE-TRIM28 complex promotes the Warburg effect and hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting FBP1 for degradation. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e312. [PMID: 28394358 PMCID: PMC5520498 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, has been identified recently as a tumor suppressor in HCC and other cancer types. In this study, we demonstrated that the tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) binds directly to and promotes FBP1 for ubiquitination and degradation. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C2, which are known to be overexpressed in HCC, can enhance TRIM28-dependent degradation of FBP1 by forming ubiquitin ligase complexes with TRIM28. We further showed that expression of TRIM28 increased glucose consumption and lactate production by promoting FBP1 degradation in HCC cells and that FBP1 is a key mediator of TRIM28-induced HCC growth in culture and in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that FBP1 and TRIM28 protein levels inversely correlated in HCC patient specimens. Finally, we showed that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib mitigated the Warburg effect by inhibiting FBP1 degradation in HCC. Collectively, our findings not only identify oncogenic MAGE-TRIM28 complex-mediated proteasome degradation of FBP1 as a key mechanism underlying downregulation of FBP1 proteins in HCC, but also reveal that MAGE-TRIM28-regulated reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism and HCC tumorigenesis is mediated, at least in part, through FBP1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - L Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Ravichandran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P R Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Ravichandran R, Astrand C, Patra HK, Turner APF, Chotteau V, Phopase J. Intelligent ECM mimetic injectable scaffolds based on functional collagen building blocks for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02927f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot approach to fabricate in situ-gellable, thermo- and pH-responsive, hydrogels based on covalently crosslinked networks of collagen-I and thermo-responsive polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravichandran
- Division of Molecular Physics
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
- Sweden
| | - C. Astrand
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - H. K. Patra
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
| | - Anthony P. F. Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
| | - V. Chotteau
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - J. Phopase
- Division of Molecular Physics
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
- Sweden
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21
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Gopalan R, Nair V, Harshakumar K, Ravichandran R, Lylajam S, Viswambaran P. A comparative evaluation of the marginal adaptation of a thermoplastic resin, a light cured wax and an inlay casting wax on stone dies: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 18:3-9. [PMID: 29430135 PMCID: PMC5799966 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_70_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Different pattern materials do not produce copings with satisfactory, marginal accuracy when used on stone dies at varying time intervals. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the vertical marginal accuracy of patterns formed from three materials, namely, thermoplastic resin, light cured wax and inlay casting wax at three-time intervals of 1, 12, and 24 h. Methodology: A master die (zirconia abutment mimicking a prepared permanent maxillary central incisor) and metal sleeve (direct metal laser sintering crown #11) were fabricated. A total of 30 stone dies were obtained from the master die. Ten patterns were made each from the three materials and stored off the die at room temperature. The vertical marginal gaps were measured using digital microscope at 1, 12, and 24 h after reseating with gentle finger pressure. Results: The results revealed a significant statistical difference in the marginal adaptation of three materials at all the three-time intervals. Light cured wax was found to be most accurate at all time intervals, followed by thermoplastic resin and inlay casting wax. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between all pairs of materials. The change in vertical marginal gap from 1 to 24 h between thermoplastic resin and light cured wax was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The marginal adaptation of all the three materials used, was well within the acceptable range of 25–70 μm. The resin pattern materials studied revealed significantly less dimensional change than inlay casting wax on storage at 1, 12, and 24 h time intervals. They may be employed in situations where high precision and delayed investing is expected.
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22
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Sathiyan S, Ravikumar M, Ravichandran R. An analysis of personnel dose reports in medical radiation occupational workers from an oncology center. INT J RADIAT RES 2016. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Alarcon EI, Vulesevic B, Argawal A, Ross A, Bejjani P, Podrebarac J, Ravichandran R, Phopase J, Suuronen EJ, Griffith M. Coloured cornea replacements with anti-infective properties: expanding the safe use of silver nanoparticles in regenerative medicine. Nanoscale 2016; 8:6484-6489. [PMID: 26949000 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their use in bioengineered corneal replacements or bandage contact lenses has been hindered due to their intense yellow coloration. In this communication, we report the development of a new strategy to pre-stabilize and incorporate AgNPs with different colours into collagen matrices for fabrication of corneal implants and lenses, and assessed their in vitro and in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Alarcon
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B Vulesevic
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Argawal
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Ross
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P Bejjani
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Podrebarac
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Ravichandran
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Phopase
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - E J Suuronen
- Bio-nanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Rm H5229, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Griffith
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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24
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Islam MM, Ravichandran R, Olsen D, Ljunggren MK, Fagerholm P, Lee CJ, Griffith M, Phopase J. Self-assembled collagen-like-peptide implants as alternatives to human donor corneal transplantation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PEG-conjugated collagen-like peptides promote corneal regeneration in a pig cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mirazul Islam
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Dept. of Neurosciences
- Karolinska Institutet
- S-17177 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - R. Ravichandran
- Dept. of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- S-58183 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - D. Olsen
- FibroGen Incorporated
- San Francisco
- USA
| | - M. K. Ljunggren
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- S-58185 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Per Fagerholm
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- S-58185 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - C. J. Lee
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Linköping University
- S-58185 Linköping
- Sweden
- Dept. of Physics
| | - M. Griffith
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Dept. of Neurosciences
- Karolinska Institutet
- S-17177 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - J. Phopase
- Dept. of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- S-58183 Linköping
- Sweden
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25
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Ravichandran R, Islam MM, Alarcon EI, Samanta A, Wang S, Lundström P, Hilborn J, Griffith M, Phopase J. Functionalised type-I collagen as a hydrogel building block for bio-orthogonal tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:318-326. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the hydrogel properties from injectable to implantable scaffolds using the bio-orthogonal thiol-Michael addition click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravichandran
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre (IGEN) and Division of Molecular Physics
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
| | - M. M. Islam
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre (IGEN) and Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Department of Neurosciences
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - E. I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Research
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - A. Samanta
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
- Sweden
| | - S. Wang
- Polymer Chemistry Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Ångstrom Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
| | - P. Lundström
- Division of Chemistry
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
| | - J. Hilborn
- Polymer Chemistry Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Ångstrom Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
| | - M. Griffith
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
- Sweden
| | - J. Phopase
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre (IGEN) and Division of Molecular Physics
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
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26
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Ravichandran R, Hemaasri S, Cameotra SS, Jayaprakash N. Purification and characterization of an extracellular uricase from a new isolate of Sphingobacterium thalpophilum (VITPCB5). Protein Expr Purif 2015; 114:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ravichandran R, Vikram HN, Murali TR, Sampathkumar K. Modified technique of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:1277-9. [PMID: 25096171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether placement of a superficial cuff deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis reduces cuff extrusion and exit site infection in peritoneal catheter insertion in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2013, a total of fourteen children underwent open continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion using Tenckhoff double cuffed catheters. The initial eight patients underwent a conventional technique and developed exit site infection and cuff extrusion. In six other patients, the technique was modified by placing the superficial cuff deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis. RESULTS In the former group, three patients developed cuff extrusion, whilst none developed it in the latter, modified group. CONCLUSION Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion in children is associated with superficial cuff extrusion as a complication. It can be prevented by placing the cuff deeper to the external oblique aponeurosis instead of placing it in the conventional subcutaneous plane. In early experiences with this innovative technique, results have been promising. Randomized controlled trials can thus be undertaken to strengthen this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Department of Urology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Lake Area, Melur Road, Madurai 625107, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - H N Vikram
- Department of Urology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Lake Area, Melur Road, Madurai 625107, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - T R Murali
- Department of Urology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Lake Area, Melur Road, Madurai 625107, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Sampathkumar
- Department of Nephrology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Lake Area, Melur Road, Madurai 625107, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sham S, Rajeswari S, Ravichandran R, Madheshwaran M. A rare presentation of childhood Takayasu's arteritis – PRES. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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29
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Ravichandran R, Aarthipriya T, Ramesh S, Selvaraj L, Devi C, Anand MV. Cutaneous manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2014.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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30
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Sham S, Rajeswari S, Ravichandran R, Thilagavathi N. Management of refractory calcinosis – How far to go? Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, India
| | - M. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, India
| | - D. Devapiriam
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, India
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32
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Ravichandran R, Rajendran M, Devapiriam D. Antioxidant study of quercetin and their metal complex and determination of stability constant by spectrophotometry method. Food Chem 2013; 146:472-8. [PMID: 24176370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin found chelate cadmium ions, scavenge free radicals produced by cadmium. Hence new complex, quercetin with cadmium was synthesised, and the synthesised complex structures were determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis techniques (UV-vis, IR, TGA and DTA). The equilibrium stability constants of quercetin-cadmium complex were determined by Job's method. The determined stability constant value of quercetin-cadminum complex at pH 4.4 is 2.27×10(6) and at pH 7.4 is 7.80×10(6). It was found that the quercetin and cadmium ion form 1:1 complex in both pH 4.4 and pH 7.4. The structure of the compounds was elucidated on the basis of obtained results. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the free quercetin and quercetin-cadmium complexes were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N.M.S.S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Nagamalai, Madurai 625 019, Tamilnadu, India
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Lakshmi Narasimhan R, Praveen Chander N, Ravichandran R, Venkatesh P. Neurocritical care triad – Focused neurological examination, brain multimodal monitoring and maintaining neuro homeostasis. Apollo Medicine 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apme.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
During the last ten years, the formulation of drugs as nanocrystals has rapidly evolved into a mature drug delivery strategy, with currently five products on the market. The major characteristic of these systems is the rapid dissolution velocity, enabling bioavailability enhancement after oral administration. This study describes the preparation of a solid dosage capsule form of spray-dried curcumin nanocrystal and compares its dissolution behavior with market capsule in different media. The aim was to obtain a stable nanocrystal loaded drug capsule with an increased drug saturation solubility and dissolution velocity. The solubility and dissolution experiments were performed to verify the obvious improvement of the dissolution behavior compared with commercial product. Improved dissolution behavior in drug nanocrystal-loaded solid dosage forms should lead to better bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravichandran
- Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Mysore 570006, India e-mail:
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Abstract
The solid dosage forms of Gymnemic acid nanoparticulate formulations developed earlier were tested for anti-diabetic activity and hypoglycemic activity. Glucose, insulin and various biochemical parameters were monitored from blood samples of rats to study the efficacy of these formulations. The nano-formulations exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity and produced substantial hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels (mg/dL) in glucose loaded hyperglycemic rats after dosing with Gymnemic acids nano-formulations were 79 to 98, as against 105 in the control after 3 hours. Hypoglycemic activity of Gymnemic acids nano-formulations ranged between 63 to 66 (Blood glucose concentration, mg/dL) as against 80 in the control. Biochemical parameters studied also supported the above observations. The study clearly shows that gymnemic acid nanoparticulate formulations developed may be a better therapeutic adjunctive option for diabetes mellitus in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Institute of Education, NCERT, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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39
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Kanakaraj A, Ravichandran R. Prevalence of masked hypertension among kidney donors. Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:398. [PMID: 23326057 PMCID: PMC3544068 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Venkatesh I, Rukmangatharajan S, Tamilselvam TN, Ravichandran R, Priya TA. P4 Outcome of spondyloarthropathy patients with induction doses of infliximab. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(11)60114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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41
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Sampathkumar K, Mahaldar AR, Sooraj YS, Ramkrishnan M, Ajeshkumar, Ravichandran R. Percutaneous CAPD catheter insertion by a nephrologist versus surgical placement: A comparative study. Indian J Nephrol 2011; 18:5-8. [PMID: 20368912 PMCID: PMC2847731 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.41280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is inserted into the abdominal cavity either by a surgeon, interventional radiologist or nephrologist. Various innovations have been made in the methodology adopted in the placement of the PDC. We compared the percutaneous approach for PDC insertion with the open surgical technique. From January 2006 to May 2007, 25 of the 46 catheters were successfully inserted using the percutaneous Seldinger technique. The incision size (2.6 +/- 0.7 vs 7.3 +/- 0.6 cm) and the length of hospital stay (11.9 +/- 5.9 vs 17.3 +/- 6.8 d) were considerably less in the percutaneously placed group compared to the surgically placed group. Early initiation of exchanges and reduction in the expenses were other important advantages of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sampathkumar
- Department of Nephrology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Lake area, Madurai - 625 107, India
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Murthy KK, Al-Rahbi Z, Sivakumar SS, Davis CA, Ravichandran R, El Ghamrawy K. Verification of setup errors in external beam radiation therapy using electronic portal imaging. J Med Phys 2011; 33:49-53. [PMID: 19893690 PMCID: PMC2772027 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.41192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct an audit on QA aspects of treatment delivery by the verification of the treatment fields′ position on different days to document the efficiency of immobilization methods and reproducibility of treatment. A retrospective study was carried out on 60 patients, each 20 treated for head and neck, breast, and pelvic sites; and a total of 506 images obtained by electronic portal imaging device (EPID) were analyzed. The portal images acquired using the EPID systems attached to the Varian linear accelerators were superimposed on the reference images. The anatomy matching software (Varian portal Vision. 6.0) was used, and the displacements in two dimensions and rotation were noted for each treated field to study the patient setup errors. The percentages of mean deviations more than 3 mm in ‘lateral (X) and longitudinal (Y)’ directions were 17.5%, 11.25%, and 7.5% for breast, pelvis, and head and neck cases respectively. In all cases, the percentage of mean deviation with more than 5 mm error was 0.83%. The maximum average mean deviation in all the cases was 1.87. The average mean SD along X and Y directions in all the cases was less than 2.65. The results revealed that the ranges of setup errors are site specific and immobilization methods improve reproducibility. The observed variations were well within the limits. The study confirmed the accuracy and quality of treatments delivered to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krishna Murthy
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Oncology Center, the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Ravichandran R, Binukumar JP, Kannadhasan S, Shariff MH, Ghamrawy KE. Testicular shield for para-aortic radiotherapy and estimation of gonad doses. J Med Phys 2011; 33:158-61. [PMID: 19893710 PMCID: PMC2772052 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.44477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For radiotherapy of para-aortic and abdominal regions in male patients, gonads are to be protected to receive less than 2% of the prescribed dose. A testicular shield was fabricated for abdominal radiotherapy with 15 MV X-rays ((Clinac 2300 CD, Varian AG) with low melting point alloy (Cerroband). The dimensions of the testicular shield were 6.5 cm diameter and 3.5 cm depth with 1.5 cm wall thickness. During treatment, this shield was held in position by a rectangular sponge and Styrofoam support. Phantom measurement was carried out with a humanoid phantom and a 0.6 cc ion chamber. The mean energy of the scattered photon was calculated for single scattering at selected distances from the beam edge and with different field dimensions. One patient received radiotherapy with an inverted Y field and gonad doses were estimated using calibrated thermo-luminescent detector (TLD) chips. Measured doses with the ion chamber were 7.1 and 3.5% of the mid-plane doses without a shield at 3 and 7.5 cm off-field respectively. These values decreased to 4.6 and 1.7% with the bottom shield alone, and to 1.7 and 0.8% with both bottom and top shields covering the ion chamber. The measured doses at the gonads during the patient’s treatment were 0.5–0.92% for the AP field (0.74 ± 0.17%, n = 5) and 0.5–1.2% for the PA field (0.88 ± 0.24%, n = 5). The dose received by the testis for the full course of treatment was 32 cGy (0.8%) for a total mid-plane dose of 40 Gy. The first-scatter energy estimated at the gonads is around 1.14 MeV for a primary beam of 15 MV for a long axis dimension of 37 cm of primary field. During the patient’s treatment, the estimated absorbed doses at the gonads were comparable with reported values in similar treatments. The testicular shield reported in this study is of light weight and could be used conveniently in treatments of abdominal fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Medical Physics Unit, National Oncology Center, Royal Hospital, Sultanate of Oman
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Murthy KK, Sivakumar SS, Davis CA, Ravichandran R, El Ghamrawy K. Optimization of dose distribution with multi-leaf collimator using field-in-field technique for parallel opposing tangential beams of breast cancers. J Med Phys 2011; 33:60-3. [PMID: 19893692 PMCID: PMC2772025 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.41194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3 Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) planning software helps in displaying the 3D dose distribution at different levels in the planned target volume (PTV). Physical or dynamic wedges are commonly applied to obtain homogeneous dose distribution in the PTV. Despite all these planning efforts, there are about 10% increased dose hot spots encountered in final plans. To overcome the effect of formation of hot spots, a manual forward planning method has been used. In this method, two more beams with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) of different weights are added in addition to medial and lateral wedged tangent beams. Fifteen patient treatment plans were taken up to check and compare the validity of using additional MLC fields to achieve better homogeneity in dose distributions. The resultant dose distributions with and without presence of MLC were compared objectively. The dose volume histogram (DVH) of each plan for the PTV was evaluated. The 3D dose distributions and homogeneity index (HI) values were compared. The 3D dose maximum values were reduced by 4% to 7%, and hot spots assumed point size. Optimizations of 3D-CRT plans with MLC fields improved the homogeneity and conformability of dose distribution in the PTV. This paper outlines a method of obtaining optimal 3D dose distribution within the PTV in the 3D-CRT planning of breast cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krishna Murthy
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Oncology Center, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Ravichandran R, Binukumar JP, Sreeram R, Arunkumar LS. An overview of radioactive waste disposal procedures of a nuclear medicine department. J Med Phys 2011; 36:95-9. [PMID: 21731225 PMCID: PMC3119958 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.79692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive wastes from hospitals form one of the various types of urban wastes, which are managed in developed countries in a safe and organized way. In countries where growth of nuclear medicine services are envisaged, implementations of existing regulatory policies and guidelines in hospitals in terms of handling of radioactive materials used in the treatment of patients need a good model. To address this issue, a brief description of the methods is presented. A designed prototype waste storage trolley is found to be of great help in decaying the I-131 solid wastes from wards before releasing to waste treatment plant of the city. Two delay tanks with collection time of about 2 months and delay time of 2 months alternately result in 6 releases of urine toilet effluents to the sewage treatment plant (STP) of the hospital annually. Samples of effluents collected at releasing time documented radioactive releases of I-131 much below recommended levels of bi-monthly release. External counting of samples showed good statistical correlation with calculated values. An overview of safe procedures for radioactive waste disposal is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Medical Physics Unit, National Oncology Center, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Srinivas C, Shenoy K, Shenoy V, Kulal B, Ravichandran R, Supe S. SU-E-E-14: Fabrication of Divergent Wax Based Tissue Compensators for Head and Neck Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ravichandran R, Binukumar J, Saadi AA. Estimation of effective half life of clearance of radioactive Iodine (I) in patients treated for hyperthyroidism and carcinoma thyroid. Indian J Nucl Med 2010; 25:49-52. [PMID: 21188063 PMCID: PMC3003283 DOI: 10.4103/0972-3919.72686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In medical applications of radioisotopes, for calculations of whole body doses and radiation safety applications, there is a need to estimate radioactive body burden. Local recommendations in Oman stipulate the need for hospitalization of patients treated for radioactive-iodine (131 I) with activities above 400 MBq. Materials & Methods: A study of body burden estimation from sequentially measured exposure rates from patients treated for carcinoma thyroid and hyperthyroidism was undertaken. A digital auto-ranging beta gamma survey instrument calibrated for measurement of exposure rates is used in this study. Results: The mean measured exposure rates at 1 m in μSv/h immediately after administration and at 24 h intervals are used for estimation of effective half time of clearance of administered activity. For patients with post-operative thyroid carcinoma, the variation of body burden with time post-administration indicated tri-exponential clearance pattern, with T½eff values 14.4 h, 22 h, and 41.3 h. For patients treated for thyrotoxicosis, the body burden showed slow delayed clearance with a T½eff – 111.4 h, and exposure rates did not show appreciable fall off after 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Medical Physics Unit, National Oncology Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat-111, Oman
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Ravichandran R. Nanotechnology Applications in Food and Food Processing: Innovative Green Approaches, Opportunities and Uncertainties for Global Market. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19430871003684440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ravichandran R, Binukumar JP, Davis CA, Zahid AM, Rajan B. Simple technique for fabrication of shielding blocks for total body irradiation at extended treatment distances. J Med Phys 2010; 34:223-5. [PMID: 20098553 PMCID: PMC2807145 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.56084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques are being standardized in our department for total body irradiation (TBI) with six MV photons in linear accelerator for preconditioning to bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Individualized shields with low melting point alloy are to be fabricated for shielding critical organs such as lungs, kidneys etc. A method to mount diminished dimension of shields in a tray at 3.75m is designed in the department for a teletreatment distance of four meters with magna field with A simulator image taken with the patient's midplane (MP) at one meter distance is used to mark the dimensions of lung, scaled down by a factor of 3.75/4.0. These lung dimensions are reprinted from the digital simulator image for making the shield. The methodology of the technique using digitized minification in radiography is the first of its kind to be used for shield cutting in magna field radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Medical Physics Unit, National Oncology Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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