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Raven SA, Montgomery NT, Chen AS, Nourmohammadi Z, Plott J, Shih A, Koppera P, Zopf DA. Effects of saline submersion at body temperature on airway supportive devices including a novel nasopharyngeal device produced using 3D-printing. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104366. [PMID: 38729016 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated dimension changes of various nasopharyngeal airways, including a novel self-supporting device, after saline submersion at body temperature to simulate in-vivo use. Dimension changes over time may reduce efficacy during long-term use and require sizing adjustments or limits on duration of use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cuffless Covidien endotracheal tubes, pediatric Rusch fixed flange polyvinyl chloride nasal airway tubes, pediatric Rusch Robertazzi style Mediprene nasal airway tubes, and novel silicone elastomer self-supporting nasopharyngeal airways were fully submerged in 0.9 % normal saline solution incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 15 days. All devices had tube length and wall thickness measured after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 15 days. The 95 % confidence intervals of tube dimensions at each date were compared with the 95 % confidence intervals at day 0. RESULTS The Covidien ET tube, Rusch PVC NPA, and ssNPA tube lengths and wall thicknesses did not change significantly over 15 days. The Rusch Mediprene NPAs had a statistically significant increase in length starting at day 1 and wall thickness at day 2. CONCLUSIONS The novel ssNPA did not expand in the in-vitro environment, supporting its safety for extended use. The PVC NPA and ET tube dimensions also remained stable. However, the Rusch Mediprene NPAs had significant length expansion after 1 day of submersion, indicating a considerable risk of expansion during extended use with potential implications for patient care. Silicone and PVC NPA dimensions remained stable when saturated, indicating these materials may be more appropriate for extended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Raven
- University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, 5E UHC, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nathan T Montgomery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alyssa S Chen
- University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA; Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zahra Nourmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey Plott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Albert Shih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prabhat Koppera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1540 E Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David A Zopf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1540 E Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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McMurray RR, McMurray MR. Introducing the First Distal Pharyngeal Airway. A A Pract 2023; 17:e01691. [PMID: 37335861 PMCID: PMC10306336 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Airway obstruction during anesthesia is a common occurrence with potentially serious outcomes. Increasingly, patients are older, heavier, and more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea-all heightened risk factors for airway complications. These patients undergo procedures where distal pharyngeal tissues can relax, obstructing the airway. As a result, there is a need for airway devices that can stent open distal pharyngeal tissues to maintain adequate ventilation. To physically address this problem, the new distal pharyngeal airway (DPA) prevents airway obstruction and enables providers to maintain ventilation.
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Powell AR, Srinivasan S, Helman JL, Li ADR, O’Brien LM, Shih A, Plott JS, Zopf DA. Novel treatment for hypotonic airway obstruction and severe obstructive sleep apnea using a nasopharyngeal airway device with 3D printing innovation. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:2497-2502. [PMID: 35866230 PMCID: PMC9516575 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea impacts child and familial well-being. Airway management in patients with hypotonic pharyngeal conditions is complex. Some patients may benefit from continuous positive airway pressure or bilevel positive airway pressure, others may require further invasive measures for treatment. There is critical need for treatment alternatives for patients with pharyngeal hypotonia. METHODS This is a retrospective case series. Collaboratively with patients, families, biomedical engineers, and medical professionals, a long-term nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) was created to bypass upper airway obstruction. Two patients used a safety pin and tape attachment, and two patients used a novel 3D-printed, self-supporting nasal securement. All 4 patients had polysomnography before and during NPA use. Paired 1-tailed t-tests were conducted to compare apnea-hypopnea index, hypopnea index, obstructive index, and oxygen nadir. RESULTS Compared to baseline polysomnography, repeat polysomnography with the NPA in place demonstrated statistically significant improvement for apnea-hypopnea index (75.8 ± 36.6 events/h to 8.9 ± 2.9 events/h, P = .03), hypopnea index (45.4 ± 25.8 events/h to 7.7 ± 3.2 events/h, P = .04), and oxygen saturation nadir (60.3 ± 13.0% to 79.3 ± 8.7%, P = .01). The NPA had been used for over 1 year in 3 of the 4 children. Those using the safety pin and tape did report skin irritation due to adhesive required to keep device in place. CONCLUSIONS Current management of severe upper airway obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea in hypotonic pharyngeal conditions requires a team-based approach to care. A long-term NPA device may be an alternative or temporizing option to continuous positive airway pressure, upper airway surgery, or tracheostomy in children with pharyngeal hypotonia and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Larger studies of this approach are underway to assess efficacy in a range of obstructive sleep apnea severity in this population. CITATION Powell AR, Srinivasan S, Helman JL, et al. Novel treatment for hypotonic airway obstruction and severe obstructive sleep apnea using a nasopharyngeal airway device with 3D printing innovation. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(10):2497-2502.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer L. Helman
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Annie Dian-Ru Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Louise M. O’Brien
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Albert Shih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeff S. Plott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David A. Zopf
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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W Lyng J, Guyette FX, Levy M, Bosson N. Prehospital Manual Ventilation: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2022; 26:23-31. [PMID: 35001826 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1981506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Manual ventilation using a self-inflating bag device paired with a facemask (bag-valve-mask, or BVM ventilation) or invasive airway (bag-valve-device, or BVD ventilation) is a fundamental airway management skill for all Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians. Delivery of manual ventilations is challenging. Several strategies and adjunct technologies can increase the effectiveness of manual ventilation. NAEMSP recommends:All EMS clinicians must be proficient in bag-valve-mask ventilation.BVM ventilation should be performed using a two-person technique whenever feasible.EMS clinicians should use available techniques and adjuncts to achieve optimal mask seal, improve airway patency, optimize delivery of the correct rate, tidal volume, and pressure during manual ventilation, and allow continual assessment of manual ventilation effectiveness.
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Facemask ventilation. BJA Educ 2022; 22:5-11. [PMID: 34992795 PMCID: PMC8703149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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The long and short of it: Nonstandardised length of nasopharyngeal airways. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 38:1202-1204. [PMID: 34617923 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Working with estimation-formulas to predict nasopharyngeal airway insertion depth in children: Looking at magnetic resonance images - A prospective observational study (WEND:LI-Study). Resuscitation 2021; 168:95-102. [PMID: 34600970 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of the recently proposed landmark-method 'nostril-to-tragus minus 10 mm' and compare with ERC-recommended distances for nasopharyngeal airway length sizing in children. METHOD We conducted a prospective observational study in sedated children < 12 years. Nasopharyngeal airways were inserted following 'nostril-to-tragus minus 10 mm'. Primary outcome was the rate of nasopharyngeal airway tips between soft palate and epiglottis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated for medical reasons. An optimal placement was defined when the tip lied within 25-75% of the total soft palate-to-epiglottis distance. Between 0-100% of this distance, placement was still considered acceptable, below 0% too proximal or above 100% too distal. Secondary outcomes were the rate of adverse events, the qualitative positions of airway tips, and the comparison of ́nostril-to-tragus minus 10 mḿ with the ERC-recommended distances 'nostril-to-angle of the mandible' and 'nostril-to-tragus' with objective MRI measurements. RESULTS We analysed 92 patients with a mean age of 4.3 years. Nasopharyngeal airways were optimally placed in 37.0% (8.7% too proximal-77.2% acceptable-14.1% too distal). Three qualitative malpositions, but no airway-associated adverse event occurred. Objective measurements on MRI revealed the probability of 40.2% optimally placed nasopharyngeal airways (5.4%-67.4%-27.2%) for 'nostril-to-tragus minus 10 mm', 38.0% (17.4%-58.7%-23.9%) for 'nostril-to-mandible' and 13.0% (0%-28.3%-71.7%) for 'nostril-to-tragus', respectively. CONCLUSION No landmark-method predicted nasopharyngeal airway position reliably. 'Nostril-to-tragus minus 10 mm' seems the least inaccurate one and could be a valuable approximation until another estimation-formula proves more accurate. During insertion, careful clinical evaluation of airway patency is crucial. REGISTERED CLINICAL TRIAL German Clinical Trials Register; DRKS00021007.
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De La Hoz Polo M, Sandhu A, Kashef E, Aylwin C, Bew D, Manikon M, Dick E. Medical and surgical devices in the emergency and trauma patient: what the radiologist should know, and how they can add value. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20200530. [PMID: 33095656 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of different external and internal medical devices are used in the acute setting to maintain life support and manage severely injured and unstable trauma or emergency patients. These devices are inserted into the acutely ill patient with the specific purpose of improving outcome, but misplacement can cause additional morbidity and mortality. Consequently, meaningful interpretation of the position of devices can affect acute management. Some devices such as nasopharyngeal, nasogastric and endotracheal tubes and chest and surgical drains are well known to most clinicians, however, little formal training exists for radiologists in composing their report on the imaging of these devices. The novice radiologist often relies on tips and phrases handed down in an aural tradition or resorts to phrases such as: "position as shown". Furthermore, radiologists with limited experience in trauma might not be familiar with the radiological appearance of other more specific devices. This review will focus on the most common medical devices used in acute trauma patients, indications, radiological appearance and their correct and suboptimal positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amandeep Sandhu
- Radiology Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Elika Kashef
- Interventional and Trauma Radiology Department, Clinical Lead for Interventional and Trauma Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Aylwin
- Vascular & Trauma Surgery Department,Head of Specialty Major Trauma, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Duncan Bew
- Major Trauma and Surgery Department, Clinical Director of Major Trauma and Surgery, King´s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maribel Manikon
- Intensive Care Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Dick
- Radiology Department, Lead for Emergency Radiology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Gusti V, Vaghadia H. Hybrid nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway for improving upper airway and capnography in sedated patients. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:416-417. [PMID: 33555603 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-021-00090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vionarica Gusti
- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Coastal Health, Suite JPP2449, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Himat Vaghadia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Coastal Health, Suite JPP2449, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Chang C, Hsu YT, Ting CK, Tsou MY, Teng WN. Mandibular advancement devices shorten desaturation duration in patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome during intravenous propofol sedation in the decubitus position. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:221-226. [PMID: 33044409 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) for increasing patient safety during sedated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip replacement (THR). METHODS Forty patients undergoing TKA or THR surgery in the supine or lateral recumbent positions under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. Sedation and oxygenation were administered. The MAD (Sweet Sleep Anti-Snoring Device) was then placed after 15 minutes of observation. SpO2, PetCO2, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were recorded. RESULTS Sedated patients in the decubitus position had higher saturation nadirs, shorter desaturation durations, shorter airway obstruction durations, and fewer rescue events than those in the supine position. In patients at a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), desaturation duration, obstruction duration, apnea duration, desaturation duration, and rescue events were significantly lower after MAD placement. However, the saturation nadir did not improve after MAD placement. CONCLUSION The MAD may shorten the duration of desaturation events during spontaneous breathing sedative procedures in the lateral recumbent position but not in the supine position. Breathing patterns did not change from nasal breathing to oral breathing or vice versa between pre- and postplacement of the MAD. Sedation score evaluation affects breathing pattern changes from oral breathing to nasal breathing and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Herff H, Wetsch WA, Finke S, Dusse F, Mitterlechner T, Paal P, Wenzel V, Schroeder DC. Oxygenation laryngoscope vs. nasal standard and nasal high flow oxygenation in a technical simulation of apnoeic oxygenation. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33482735 PMCID: PMC7820537 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Failed airway management is the major contributor for anaesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Cannot-intubate-cannot-ventilate scenarios are the most critical emergency in airway management, and belong to the worst imaginable scenarios in an anaesthetist’s life. In such situations, apnoeic oxygenation might be useful to avoid hypoxaemia. Anaesthesia guidelines recommend careful preoxygenation and application of high flow oxygen in difficult intubation scenarios to prevent episodes of deoxygenation. In this study, we evaluated the decrease in oxygen concentration in a model when using different strategies of oxygenation: using a special oxygenation laryngoscope, nasal oxygen, nasal high flow oxygen, and control. Methods In this experimental study we compared no oxygen application as a control, standard pure oxygen application of 10 l·min− 1 via nasal cannula, high flow 90% oxygen application at 20 l·min− 1 using a special nasal high flow device, and pure oxygen application via our oxygenation laryngoscope at 10 l·min− 1. We preoxygenated a simulation lung to 97% oxygen concentration and connected this to the trachea of a manikin model simulating apnoeic oxygenation. Decrease in oxygen concentration in the simulation lung was measured continuously for 20 min. Results Oxygen concentration in the simulation lung dropped from 97 ± 1% at baseline to 40 ± 1% in the no oxygen group, to 80 ± 1% in the standard nasal oxygen group, and to 73 ± 2% in the high flow nasal oxygenation group. However, it remained at 96 ± 0% in the oxygenation laryngoscope group (p < 0.001 between all groups). Conclusions In this technical simulation, oxygenation via oxygenation laryngoscope was more effective than standard oxygen insufflation via nasal cannula, which was more effective than nasal high flow insufflation of 90% oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Herff
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - W A Wetsch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Finke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Dusse
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Mitterlechner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Privatklinik Hochrum, Sanatorium der Kreuzschwestern, Rum, Austria
| | - P Paal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospitallers Brothers Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - V Wenzel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Klinikum Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - D C Schroeder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Schroeder DC, Wetsch WA, Finke SR, Dusse F, Böttiger BW, Herff H. Apneic laryngeal oxygenation during elective fiberoptic intubation - a technical simulation. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 33292189 PMCID: PMC7724726 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sedation during elective fiberoptic intubation for difficult airway can cause respiratory depression, apnea and periods of desaturation. During apneic episodes, hypoxemia can be prevented by insufflation of oxygen in the deep laryngeal space. The aim of this study was to evaluate an oropharyngeal oxygenation device (OOD) designed for deep laryngeal insufflation during fiberoptic intubation. Methods The OOD is split in the front to form a path for the bronchoscope. An external lumen delivers oxygen in the deep laryngeal space. In this experimental study, air application (as control group), oxygen application via nasal prongs, oxygen application via the OOD, and oxygen application via the working channel of a bronchoscope were compared in a technical simulation. In a preoxygenated test lung of a manikin, decrease of the oxygen saturation was measured over 20 min for each method. Results Oxygen saturation in the test lung dropped from 97 ± 1% (baseline in all groups) to 58 ± 3% in the control-group (p < 0.001 compared to all other groups) and to 78 ± 1% in the nasal prong group (p < 0.001 compared to all other groups). Oxygen saturation remained at 95 ± 2% in both the OOD group and the bronchoscopy group (p = 0.451 between those two groups). Conclusion Simulating apneic laryngeal oxygenation in a preoxygenated manikin, both oxygen insufflation via the OOD and the bronchoscope kept oxygen saturation in the test lung at 95% over 20 min. Both methods significantly were more effective than oxygen insufflation via nasal prongs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Schroeder
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wetsch
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Simon-Richard Finke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Dusse
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd W Böttiger
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Herff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Briggs B, Countryman C, McGinnis HD. One Notable Complication of Nasopharyngeal Airway: A Case Report. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2020; 4:584-586. [PMID: 33217278 PMCID: PMC7676774 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.8.48811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is used by emergency providers and first responders to assist with oxygenation in obtunded, critically ill patients. There are few recorded NPA complications. Case Report We describe a unique case in which a patient went multiple days with recurrent symptoms of upper airway obstruction secondary to retained NPA. Discussion Nasopharyngeal airways may be uniquely prone to being displaced and retained due to their use in emergent situations, their small size, and time of insertion in the field prior to emergency department (ED) contact where handoff is not often standardized. Conclusion The use of large-flanged NPAs might reduce incidences of displacement into the nasal cavity. This case highlights the need for improved handoff communication between emergency medical services and ED staff, especially to account for all inserted devices to prevent foreign body retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Briggs
- University of South Alabama, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Chase Countryman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Henderson D McGinnis
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Huang TY, Lin JR, Chung YT. A preinstalled nasopharyngeal airway in the right nasal passageway to facilitate nasogastric intubation in anesthetized and intubated patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:365. [PMID: 33143639 PMCID: PMC7641853 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasogastric intubation (NGI) is usually challenging in patients under general anesthesia, with reported success rate at the first attempt to be less than 50%. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a preinstalled nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) in the right nasal passageway can facilitate NGI in anesthetized and intubated patients. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial including 108 patients scheduled for elective intra-abdominal surgeries requiring a nasogastric tube (NGT) was conducted. Fifty-three patients were randomized to receive NGI through a preinstalled NPA in the right nasal passageway (Group NPA) and 55 patients to receive NGI via the right nostril (Group O). The primary outcomes were success rates of NGI at first attempt, success rates of NGI in accumulative attempts, durations of successful NGI at the first attempt and success rates of NGI for the rescuing methods. The secondary outcomes were bleeding incidence and hemodynamic changes induced by NGI. RESULTS Success rate of NGI at the first attempt was 83.0% in Group NPA compared with 47.3% in Group O [P < 0.001; absolute risk reduction (ARR) = 35.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 19.1-52.4%; relative risk reduction (RRR) = 67.8%] and success rate of NGI in accumulative attempts (two attempts maximum) was 88.7% in Group NPA compared with 63.6% in Group O (P = 0.002; ARR = 25.0%, 95% CI = 9.7-40.4%; RRR = 68.9%). Duration for NGI successful at the first attempt in Group NPA was significantly longer than that in Group O (56.3 vs. 27.1 s; P < 0.001; Mean difference = 29.2 s, 95% CI = 20.0-38.4 s). Neither bleeding incidence nor hemodynamic response is significantly different between the two study groups. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates a preinstalled NPA in the right nasal passageway facilitates NGI in anesthetized and intubated patients as an initial NGI method and as a rescuing method for patients undergoing two unsuccessful initial attempts of NGI without a preinstalled NPA. However, the NPA method proved to take more time than the routine method for NGI successful at the first attempt. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was conducted after receiving approval from Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Taiwan (registration number 201800138A3; April 11, 2018), and the clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03697642; Principal Investigator: Ting-Yang Huang; Date of registration: October 4, 2018; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT03697642 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.,Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tai Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
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15
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Mason K, Royan D, Daya H, Pepper C, Tweedie D. Use of a modified stethoscope to assess paediatric nasal airflow in suspected choanal atresia, nasal stents or nasopharyngeal airways. Clin Otolaryngol 2020; 45:654-655. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Royan
- Evelina London Children’s Hospital London UK
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16
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Matsui R, Wong M, Waters B. Alternative Transoral Application of Nasopharyngeal Airways. Anesth Prog 2020; 67:39-44. [DOI: 10.2344/anpr-66-03-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transoral application of a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is a novel technique for difficult airway management. Clinically, it is an effective alternative for use in nonintubated dental cases under total intravenous anesthesia. This technique can help improve oxygenation and ventilation in clinical situations in which the conventional use of NPAs is ineffective, such as in patients who have findings of obesity; mandibular retrognathia or hypoplasia; maxillary hypoplasia; macroglossia; nasal obstruction secondary to hypertrophic tonsillar, adenoid, and/or lymphoid tissues or nasal polyps; known unusual nasal anatomy (eg, septal deviation); high risk of prolonged epistaxis (eg, patients on anticoagulants); or those who demonstrate mouth-breathing behaviors during deep sedation/nonintubated general anesthesia. After ensuring proper supraglottic placement, the transorally positioned NPA can be further secured with the use of tape for the duration of the dental procedure. Unlike an oropharyngeal airway, this simple and cost-efficient technique facilitates intraoral access for dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Matsui
- Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Wong
- Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Waters
- Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Walas W, Aleksandrowicz D, Kornacka M, Gaszyński T, Helwich E, Migdał M, Piotrowski A, Siejka G, Szczapa T, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, Halaba ZP. The management of unanticipated difficult airways in children of all age groups in anaesthetic practice - the position paper of an expert panel. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019; 27:87. [PMID: 31533787 PMCID: PMC6751579 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-019-0666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children form a specific group of patients, as there are significant differences between children and adults in both anatomy and physiology. Difficult airway may be unanticipated or anticipated. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient’s death. There are few paediatric difficult-airway guidelines available in the current literature, and some of these have significant limitations. This position paper, intended for unanticipated difficult airway, was elaborated by the panel of specialists representing the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care as well as the Polish Neonatal Society. It covers both elective intubation and emergency situations in children in all age groups. An integral part of the paper is an algorithm. The paper describes in detail all stages of the algorithm considering some modification in specific age groups, i.e. neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Walas
- Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital in Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Maria Kornacka
- Neonatal and Intensive Care Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gaszyński
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Helwich
- Clinic of Neonatology and Intensive Neonatal Care, Institute of Mother and Child Care, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Migdał
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Piotrowski
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Siejka
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczapa
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zenon P Halaba
- Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, 48 Oleska Str, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
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18
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Oh MS, Park YM, Jung YH, Choi CW, Kim BI, Kwon JW. Three Cases of Pierre Robin Sequence with Upper Airway Obstruction Relieved by Nasopharyngeal Airway Insertion. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2019.26.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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19
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Rectal Trumpet-Associated Hemorrhage in the Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2019; 45:516-520. [PMID: 30395128 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rectal trumpet (RT) is a nasopharyngeal airway device that is inserted into the rectum for management of fecal incontinence. No published data exist on adverse events caused by the use of an RT. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine the rate of RT-associated hemorrhage among patients treated with an RT in our transplant intensive care unit (TICU). This quality improvement initiative and retrospective medical record review included all patients (N = 3933) cared for in a single specialty intensive care unit at a tertiary academic medical center between January 1, 2014, and May 31, 2016. We estimate that approximately 400 patients were treated with an RT. We found 3 possible and 9 probable cases of RT-associated hemorrhage, resulting in an estimated incident rate of 3% among RT-treated patients. All of these patients underwent invasive procedures for hemostasis. They received a mean of 4.9 units of packed red blood cell transfusions, and 9 experienced hypotension. Eight out of the 9 probable RT-associated hemorrhage patients experienced hemorrhage only after greater than 7 days of treatment with an RT. Following this initiative, RT use was banned in our TICU. The use of RTs can cause hemorrhage with clinically significant consequences.
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20
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Tseng WC, Lin WL, Cherng CH. Estimation of nares-to-epiglottis distance for selecting an appropriate nasopharyngeal airway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14832. [PMID: 30855511 PMCID: PMC6417616 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal airway is an important equipment in airway management, a correct placement is crucial for its effectiveness. We measured the nares-to-epiglottis distance (NED) and examined the correlations of the optimal insertion length (NED-1) with patient characteristics and various external facial measurements. We aimed to develop a simple method for estimating the optimal insertion length and to help select an appropriate nasopharyngeal airway.Two hundred patients of ASA grade I & II aged >20 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. We measured nares-to-ear tragus distance (NTD), nares-to-mandibular angle distance (NMD), philtrum-to-ear tragus distance (PTD), and philtrum-to-mandibular angle distance (PMD). The NED was measured by fiber-optic bronchoscope. All measurements were obtained in centimeters. NED-1 (cm) was defined as the optimal insertion length. The patient's sex, age, body weight, body height, and body mass index were recorded.The NED-1 significantly correlated with body weight, body height, NTD, NMD, PTD, and PMD. Backward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis yielded the formula for predicting NED-1: 0.331 - 0.018 × BW + 0.061 × BH + 1.080 × NMD - 1.256 × PMD + 0.697 × PTD (r = 0.640, P < .001). The regression lines of the optimal insertion length versus PTD showed the best fit to the equality line. The measurements of PTD showed the minimal differences from NED-1 and with the most patients showing <1 cm differences from NED-1.The optimal insertion depth of nasopharyngeal airway can easily be predicted by the distance from philtrum-to-ear tragus, and a nasopharyngeal airway of an appropriate size can be selected accordingly.
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Nasopharyngeal airway aspiration: An uncommon cause of sudden respiratory distress in hospitalized patients. Turk J Emerg Med 2018; 18:78-79. [PMID: 29922736 PMCID: PMC6005922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjem.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An elderly, bed ridden patient with a history of stroke was admitted for management of aspiration pneumonia. Two days after insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway, sudden respiratory distress prompted further investigations which led to the eventual diagnosis and removal of the nasopharyngeal airway that had been aspirated. The device was removed under conscious sedation with fiber optic bronchoscopy.
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Bargieł D, Sejboth J, Jurkiewicz-Śpiewak A, Szurlej D, Gurowiec P, Romańska A, Dąbrowski M. Airway management – a review of current methods, guidelines and equipment. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2018. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.8050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining airway patency is an essential issue in many fields of medicine. The modern approach to CPR, which
focuses on maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation was finally established by Peter Safar in his book ABC
of Resuscitation (1950). At present, along with the development of evidence-based medicine, techniques which
are proven to be clinically effective are regularly published in a convenient form – as bundles and guidelines.
Regarding airway management, ERC and DAS guidelines are the most reliable and useful sources of knowledge
and practical clinical advice. Among the medical staff, there is emphasis put on the mastery of AB C techniques.
Airway management is the first step in the resuscitation algorithm. It consists of a variety of procedures ranging
from simple and non-invasive to more complex, requiring professional training and experience. Currently,
the most clinically effective and life-saving actions are incorporated into whole procedures and bundles, such
as ERC or DAS guidelines, which are evenly checked, evaluated and, eventually, modified. This method of regular
revision allows us to keep all medical professionals at the same level of competence.
The aim of the study was to describe basic and advanced techniques, methods, and devices which are currently
used to provide it. Currently applicable guidelines regarding CPR and airway management were reviewed and
summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bargieł
- St. Luke Province Hospital in Tarnów, Independent Public Complex of Health Care Facilities in Tarnów, Poland
| | - Justyna Sejboth
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Anaesthesiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Jurkiewicz-Śpiewak
- St. Luke Province Hospital in Tarnów, Independent Public Complex of Health Care Facilities in Tarnów, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szurlej
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Anaesthesiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Romańska
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Nursing Care, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Dąbrowski
- Department of Medical Rescue Chair of Emergency Medicine Poznań University of Medical Science, Poland
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23
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Victores AJ, Olson K, Takashima M. Interventional Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy: A Novel Technique to Guide Surgical Planning for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:169-174. [PMID: 27784411 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE One of the challenges of surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is identifying the correct surgical site for each patient. The objective of this study was to use drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and nasopharyngeal tube (NPT) placement to determine the effect of eliminating palatal collapse on the obstruction seen on other segments of the upper airway. METHODS Forty-one OSA patients were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients had a polysomnogram followed by DISE. DISE findings were recorded and compared with and without placement of a NPT. Obstruction was graded with a scale that incorporates location, severity, and interval of obstruction. RESULTS Most patients (83%) demonstrated multilevel obstruction on initial DISE. With the nasopharyngeal airway in place, many patients with multilevel obstruction had at least a partial improvement (74%) and some a complete resolution (35%) of collapse (p < 0.05). Reduction in collapse was observed at the lateral walls (86%), epiglottis (55%), and tongue base (50%). NPT placement did not significantly alter upper airway morphology of patients with incomplete palatal obstruction or mild OSA. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effect of soft palatal stenting on downstream pharyngeal obstruction during DISE. Our study provides evidence that reducing soft palatal collapse can reduce negative pharyngeal pressure and thereby alleviate other sites of upper airway obstruction. Taken together, these findings provide a means to identify appropriate candidates for isolated palatal surgery and better direct a minimally invasive approach to the surgical management of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jacob Victores
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Krista Olson
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Masayoshi Takashima
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Rehn M, Hyldmo PK, Magnusson V, Kurola J, Kongstad P, Rognås L, Juvet LK, Sandberg M. Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on pre-hospital airway management. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:852-64. [PMID: 27255435 PMCID: PMC5089575 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The Scandinavian society of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine task force on pre‐hospital airway management was asked to formulate recommendations following standards for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines. Methods The literature was systematically reviewed and the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to move from evidence to recommendations. Results We recommend that all emergency medical service (EMS) providers consider to: apply basic airway manoeuvres and airway adjuncts (good practice recommendation); turn unconscious non‐trauma patients into the recovery position when advanced airway management is unavailable (good practice recommendation); turn unconscious trauma patients to the lateral trauma position while maintaining spinal alignment when advanced airway management is unavailable [strong recommendation, low quality of evidence (QoE)]. We suggest that intermediately trained providers use a supraglottic airway device (SAD) or basic airway manoeuvres on patients in cardiac arrest (weak recommendation, low QoE). We recommend that advanced trained providers consider using an SAD in selected indications or as a rescue device after failed endotracheal intubation (ETI) (good practice recommendation). We recommend that ETI should only be performed by advanced trained providers (strong recommendation, low QoE). We suggest that videolaryngoscopy is considered for ETI when direct laryngoscopy fails or is expected to be difficult (weak recommendation, low QoE). We suggest that advanced trained providers apply cricothyroidotomy in ‘cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ situations (weak recommendation, low QoE). Conclusion This guideline for pre‐hospital airway management includes a combination of techniques applied in a stepwise fashion appropriate to patient clinical status and provider training.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rehn
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation Drøbak Norway
- London's Air Ambulance Barts Health Trust London UK
- Field of Pre‐hospital Critical Care University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway
| | - P. K. Hyldmo
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation Drøbak Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Sørlandet Hospital Kristiansand Norway
| | - V. Magnusson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
| | - J. Kurola
- Centre for Pre‐hospital Emergency Care Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
| | - P. Kongstad
- Department of Pre‐hospital Care and Disaster Medicine Region of Skåne Lund Sweden
| | - L. Rognås
- Pre‐hospital Critical Care Service Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- The Danish Air Ambulance Aarhus Denmark
| | - L. K. Juvet
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
- University College of Southeast Norway Notodden Norway
| | - M. Sandberg
- Air Ambulance Department Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Mitterlechner T, Herff H, Hammel CW, Braun P, Paal P, Wenzel V, Benzer A. A dual-use laryngoscope to facilitate apneic oxygenation. J Emerg Med 2014; 48:103-7. [PMID: 25308899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preoxygenated patients, time until oxygen saturation drops can be extended by insufflating oxygen into their airways, thus oxygenating them apneically. OBJECTIVES To compare different methods of apneic oxygenation. METHODS A noncommercial dual-use laryngoscope with an internal lumen in its blade was used to provide oxygen insufflation into a simulated laryngeal space during intubation. In this experimental study, oxygen insufflation via the dual-use laryngoscope was compared with no oxygen insufflation, with nasal oxygen insufflation, and with direct intratracheal oxygen insufflation. In a preoxygenated test lung of a manikin, oxygen percentage decrease was measured over a 20-min observation period for each method of oxygen application. RESULTS Oxygen percentage in the test lung dropped from 97% to 37 ± 1% in the control group (p < 0.001 compared to all other groups) and to 68 ± 1% in the nasal insufflation group (p < 0.001 compared to all other groups). Oxygen percentage remained over 90% in both the direct intratracheal insufflation group (96 ± 0%) and the laryngoscope blade insufflation group (94 ± 1%) (p < 0.01 between the latter two groups). CONCLUSIONS Simulating apneic oxygenation in a preoxygenated manikin, deep laryngeal oxygen insufflation via the dual-use laryngoscope kept oxygen percentage in the test lung above 90%, and was more effective than oxygen insufflation via nasal prongs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mitterlechner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Holger Herff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian W Hammel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Paal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Volker Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arnulf Benzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kundra P, Parida S. Awake airway control in patients with anticipated difficult mask ventilation. Indian J Anaesth 2014; 58:206-8. [PMID: 24963191 PMCID: PMC4050943 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.130831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kundra
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Satyen Parida
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Abstract
Injuries to the oral and maxillofacial region are commonly encountered, and the appropriate management of patients with these injuries frequently requires the expertise of an anesthesiologist. Injuries to this region may involve any combination of soft tissue, bone, and teeth. Injuries to these structures often produce anesthesia-related challenges, which must be overcome to achieve optimal outcomes. This article addresses the common challenges faced by anesthesiologists specific to patients with facial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad G Robertson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Janeczek M, Rice C, Aitchison R, Aitchison P, Wang E, Kharasch M. Pediatric resuscitation guidelines. Dis Mon 2013; 59:182-95. [PMID: 23642272 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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A modified lengthened nasopharyngeal airway. J Clin Anesth 2013; 25:242-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Emergency medicine measures often have to be carried out under suboptimal conditions in emergency situations and require invasive patient treatment. In the case of a fatal outcome these measures have to be evaluated at autopsy, regarding indications, correct implementation and possible complications. As well, alongside the more familiar procedures--such as endotracheal intubation, insertion of chest drains, external cardiac massage and cannulation of central and peripheral veins--there are alternative techniques being increasingly applied, that include new tools for the management of hemorrhagic shock, drug delivery and alternative airway management devices. On the one hand, all of these measures are essential for the survival and appropriate treatment of the injured and/or sick patient, but on the other hand they can damage the patient and thus contain a significant risk of both medical and forensic relevance for the patient and the physician. In the following review we provide an overview of established, new and alternative techniques for emergency airway management, administration of drugs and management of hemorrhagic shock. The aim is to facilitate the understanding and autopsy evaluation of current emergency medicine techniques.
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31
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Lee YC, Park SJ, Kim IS. Airway obstruction after biopsy by cervical mediastinoscopy in a patient with a mediastinal mass -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2012; 63:65-7. [PMID: 22870368 PMCID: PMC3408518 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopsy, using mediastinoscopy is commonly employed for accurate histologic diagnosis of a mediastinal mass. However, since the mass is not removed during the procedure, it may cause compression of vital structures such as major airways, the heart, the pulmonary artery, and the superior vena cava after surgery. We observed a case of a 66-year-old man with a mediastinal mass that caused severe airway obstruction during recovery from anesthesia following mediastinoscopic biopsy, probably caused by upper airway edema which seemed to originate from compression of the superior vena cava. Therefore, we suggest that unexpected airway obstruction in a patient with a mediastinal mass can be due to superior vena cava compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheol Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Paratz JD, Thomas PJ. A case of near fatal laryngospasm. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2008; 54:291-292. [PMID: 19025517 DOI: 10.1016/s0004-9514(08)70019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nasopharyngeal airway is a simple airway adjunct used by various healthcare professionals. It is the least invasive method of safely managing upper airway obstruction. The objective of this report was to describe a rapid and very simple method of securing a nasopharyngeal airway in an agitated patient. METHOD We describe a simple method of securing a nasopharyngeal airway, using safety pins and tapes. RESULT This technique has been used by the authors in several emergency situations and has been found to be quick and effective. CONCLUSION The nasopharyngeal airway is a simple piece of equipment that is cheap and easy to use. The technique described in this article is a simple, practical and effective method of securing a nasopharyngeal airway in an emergency situation.
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35
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Steinbruner D, Mazur R, Mahoney PF. Intracranial placement of a nasopharyngeal airway in a gun shot victim. Emerg Med J 2007; 24:311. [PMID: 17384400 PMCID: PMC2658253 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.046490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Ellis DY, Lambert C, Shirley P. Intracranial placement of nasopharyngeal airways: is it all that rare? Emerg Med J 2007; 23:661. [PMID: 16858116 PMCID: PMC2564185 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2006.036541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Ban
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, One Deaconess Road, West CC2, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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