1
|
Stanbouly D, Stanbouly R, Baron M, Selvi F, Chung Wen RW, Chuang SK. A Review of 13,470 Head and Neck Injuries from Trampoline Jumping. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2024; 17:124-131. [PMID: 38779405 PMCID: PMC11107818 DOI: 10.1177/19433875221125644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Study Design The authors designed a 20-year cross-sectional study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database. Objective The purpose of the study is to determine the risk factors for hospital admission among individuals who suffer head and neck injuries secondary to trampoline use. Methods The primary predictor variables were a set of heterogenous variables that were categorized into the forementioned study variable groups (patient characteristics and injury characteristics). The primary outcome variable was hospital admission. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for hospital admission. Results The final sample consisted of 13,474 reports of trampoline injuries to the head and neck. Relative to females, males (OR 1.66, P < .05) were at an increased risk for hospital admissions. Fractures (OR 35.23, P < .05) increased the risk for hospital admissions relative to dental injuries. Concerning anatomical region of injury, neck injuries (OR 30.53, P < .05) were at an increased risk for hospital admissions. Conclusions Injuries to the neck from trampoline jumping significantly increased the risk for admission. The severity of neck injuries from trampoline jumping is well established in the literature. Additionally, male sex and fractures were each risk factors for hospital admission. Given the rising prevalence of trampoline-related head and neck injuries over the past 2 decades, it is crucial for individuals to take the necessary precautions when jumping on a trampoline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Stanbouly
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rami Stanbouly
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Baron
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Firat Selvi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sung-Kiang Chuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Husen M, Engrav SK, Saul D, Stuart MJ, Milbrandt TA, Levy BA, Krych AJ, Saris DB. Differences in Trampoline-Related Knee Injuries Between Children and Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209666. [PMID: 37954864 PMCID: PMC10637177 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the specific risk of knee injuries due to trampoline accidents in adults compared with children. Purpose To investigate the differences in trampoline-related knee injuries between children and adults and identify risk factors and protective strategies to reduce injury incidence. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Data on 229 consecutive patients treated for trampoline-related knee injuries in a single institution were prospectively collected, analyzed, and included. Risk factors, injury patterns, and clinical treatments were compared between skeletally immature and skeletally mature patients. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for specific risk factors for trampoline-related injuries-including body mass index (BMI), trauma mechanism, patient age, and accident location. Results A total of 229 patients met the inclusion criteria; 118 (52%) patients (women, 54.2%; mean age, 8.5 ± 4.1 years) were skeletally immature at the time of injury, and 111 (48%) patients (women, 72%; mean age, 31.9 ± 13.1 years) had closed physes on initial presentation and were classified as skeletally mature. A total of 63 patients (28%) required surgical treatment for their knee injury. Overall, 50 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, 46 fractures, 39 meniscal tears, 31 ligamentous tears other than ACL, 22 patellar dislocations, and 38 soft tissue injuries, such as lacerations, were recorded. Skeletally mature patients had 7.8 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.6-46.8; P < .05) and 19.1 increased odds (95% CI, 5.5-74.9; P < .05) of an ACL tear or another ligamentous tear, respectively, compared with skeletally immature patients. Patients who described instability and giving way of the knee as relevant trauma mechanisms had odds of 3.11 (95% CI, 0.9-14.8; P < .05) of an ACL tear compared with other trauma mechanisms. Meniscal tears were observed more frequently in the skeletally mature cohort (P < .05). An elevated BMI was associated with a significantly higher relative risk of an ACL tear, a ligamentous tear other than the ACL, and an injury requiring surgery. A third of surgically treated patients were subject to a delayed diagnosis. Conclusion Adults had a significantly increased risk of ligamentous and meniscal tears and required operative intervention more often than skeletally immature individuals. Elevated BMI, age, and instability events in terms of trauma mechanism conveyed an increased risk of structural damage to the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Husen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha K. Engrav
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J. Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd A. Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A. Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniël B.F. Saris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eslick GD, Nunez C, Elliott EJ. Severe and traumatic injuries associated with home trampoline use in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Acad Emerg Med 2023; 30:209-213. [PMID: 36070198 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy D Eslick
- The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlos Nunez
- The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Runtz A, Nallet J, Font V, Anriot M, Pechin C, Langlais J, de Billy B. Trampoline injuries in children: A prospective study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103289. [PMID: 35470113 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trampolining is popular and widely practiced among children. A literature review has shown a rise in the incidence of trampoline injuries with a concomitant increase in paediatric emergency department visits. The primary objective of this study was to describe the severity of trampoline injuries in children. The secondary objectives were to assess the epidemiology of the study population and injuries and to describe the treatments. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that over 10% of trampoline injuries were severe. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients seen for surgical conditions at our paediatric emergency department over a 10-month period. Among them, 103 (1.2% of visits) aged 4 months to 16 years (mean, 8 years) had trampoline injuries. We classified trampoline injuries as severe if they required general anaesthesia. RESULTS Severe injuries accounted for 16.5% of all trampoline injuries. The upper limb was predominantly affected (70.6% of cases). Overall, 66.7% of fractures were at the upper limb and 76% of contusions at the lower limb. The predominant fracture sites were the supra-condylar humerus (15.3%) and distal radius (15.3%). Among patients with non-severe injuries, four-fifths left the emergency department with a temporary immobilisation system. DISCUSSION The proportion of severe injuries was slightly higher in our study than in earlier reports. Trampoline injuries remain uncommon but can be severe. Thus, in our study over one-sixth of patients required surgery under general anaesthesia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, prospective descriptive epidemiological study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Runtz
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Jérémie Nallet
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Victor Font
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Anriot
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Pechin
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean Langlais
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benoît de Billy
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nunez C, Eslick GD, Elliott EJ. Trampoline centre injuries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inj Prev 2022; 28:440-445. [PMID: 35697515 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT No evidence-based review has compared injury risks sustained on trampolines at home and in trampoline centres. OBJECTIVE To present pooled results for injury type, site and treatment from studies reporting injuries that occurred on trampolines at home and in trampoline centres. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase databases were searched to 31 December 2021. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria: (1) assessment of trampoline injuries (home and trampoline centres); (2) children and adolescents; (3) the point estimate was reported as an odds ratio (OR); and (4) an internal comparison was used. DATA EXTRACTION Data were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects model was used to estimate effect. RESULTS There were 1 386 843 injuries (n=11 studies). There was an increased likelihood of musculoskeletal and/or orthopaedic injuries (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.61, p<0.001), lower extremity injury (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.97, p<0.001), sprains (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.97, p<0.001) and a need for surgery (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.60, p<0.001) at trampoline centres compared with home trampolines. Conversely, upper extremity injury (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95, p=0.03), concussion (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.65, p<0.001) and lacerations (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.59, p<0.001) were less likely to occur at trampoline centres than at home. CONCLUSIONS Children using trampoline centres are more likely to suffer severe trauma and require surgical intervention than children using home trampolines. Development and implementation of preventative strategies, public awareness, and mandatory safety standards are urgently required for trampoline centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nunez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hussein MH, Toreih AA, Attia AS, Alrowaili M, Fawzy MS, Tatum D, Toraih EA, Kandil E, Duchesne J, Taghavi S. Trampoline Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Jumping Threat. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e894-e899. [PMID: 34339161 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As trampoline use grows more popular in the United States, the frequency of injuries continues to climb. We hypothesized that toddlers would be at the highest risk for trampoline injuries requiring hospitalization. METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was examined for trampoline injuries from 2009 to 2018. Patients were categorized into 3 main age groups: toddlers (<2 years), children (2-12 years), and adolescents (13-18 years). Regression models were used to identify patients at high risk for injury or hospitalization. RESULTS There was a total of 800,969 meeting inclusion criteria, with 433,827 (54.2%) occurring at their own homes and 86,372 (18.1%) at the sporting venue. Of the total, 36,789 (4.6%) were admitted to a hospital. Fractures (N = 270,884, 34%), strain/sprain injuries (N = 264,990, 33%), followed by skin contusions/abrasions (N = 115,708, 14%) were the most common diagnoses. The most frequent injury sites were lower and upper extremities accounting for 329,219 (41.1%) and 244,032 (30.5%), whereas 175,645 (21.9%) had head and neck injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries (74%) and concussions (2.6%) were more frequent in adolescents than children (67.6% and 1.6%) and toddlers (56.3% and 1.3%). Internal organ and soft tissue injuries were frequent in toddlers. There were no fatalities reported in the injured patients. Multivariate analysis showed adolescents, female sex, extremity injuries, and musculoskeletal injuries were associated with hospitalization. Injury at a sporting venue was not associated with hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and girls are at increased risk of trampoline injury, warranting hospitalization. Safety standards may help prevent extremity and musculoskeletal injuries in the pediatric population. Finally, use of trampolines at sporting venues does not appear to be particularly dangerous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Hussein
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ahmad A Toreih
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Attia
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Majed Alrowaili
- Orthopedic Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Danielle Tatum
- Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Emad Kandil
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Juan Duchesne
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sharven Taghavi
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trampolining Accidents in an Adult Emergency Department: Analysis of Trampolining Evolution Regarding Severity and Occurrence of Injuries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031212. [PMID: 35162237 PMCID: PMC8834515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only a few studies have been conducted on trampoline-associated injuries in adults, especially in Switzerland. The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of trampoline-related injuries in patients older than 16 years of age and track their development over time by comparing two different time periods. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were gathered from the emergency department (ED) of Bern University Hospital. A retrospective design was chosen to allow analysis of changes in trampolining accidents between 2003-2020. RESULTS A total of 144 patients were enrolled. The number of ED presentations due to trampoline-related injury rose significantly over time. The most common injuries were sprains to the extremities (age group 31-62: 58.4% and age group 16-30: 50.8%), followed by fractures (age group 31-62: 33.3% and age group 16-30: 32.5%). Lower extremities appeared to be the most frequently injured body region (age group 31-62: 20.8% and age group 16-30: 10.0%), although the differences were not statistically significant, p = 0.363. BMI was significantly higher for older than for younger patients (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Over the last two decades, trampoline-related injuries have become more common in patients older than 16 years of age. These are most common in the lower extremities. While most of the patients in the present study only suffered minor injuries, the occasional severe injury might result in long-term disability. As trampoline-related injuries in adults are becoming more common, prevention strategies in public education and safety instructions must be optimised.
Collapse
|
8
|
Edwards S, Roland D. Fifteen-minute consultation: Assessing the child with an elbow injury. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2021; 106:78-87. [PMID: 32709592 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide a concise summary of the key considerations when assessing a child with an elbow injury. Elbow injuries are common with acute elbow trauma, accounting for 2%-3% of all visits to the emergency department. This article will cover history, examination and key X-ray findings, along with a brief guide to management. It is hoped this article will help healthcare professionals who assess children with elbow injuries. Our work is applicable to those both in the hospital and community setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Edwards
- East Midlands Emergency Medicine Educational Media (#EM3), Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK .,Emergency Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Damian Roland
- Health Sciences, Leicester University, SAPPHIRE Group, Leicester, UK.,Children's Emergency Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Paediatric Emergency Medicine Leicester Academic (PEMLA) Group, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Aims This observational study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic upon the paediatric trauma burden of a district general hospital. We aim to compare the nature and volume of the paediatric trauma during the first 2020 UK lockdown period with the same period in 2019. Methods Prospective data was collected from 23 March 2020 to 14 June 2020 and compared with retrospective data collected from 23 March 2019 to 14 June 2019. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, nature of the injury, and details of any surgery were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the independent-samples t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann-Whitney-U test for non-parametric data. Additionally, patients were contacted by telephone to further explore the mechanism of injury where required, to gain some qualitative insight into the risk factors for injury. Results The 2020 lockdown resulted in 30% fewer paediatric trauma presentations (441 vs 306), but no significant change in the number of patients requiring surgery (47 vs 51; p = 0.686). Trampolining injuries increased in absolute numbers by 168% (p < 0.001), almost four times more common when considered as percentage of all injuries observed in 2020 vs 2019. There was a decrease in high energy trauma from road traffic accidents and falls from height (21.5% decrease, p < 0.001). Despite a shift towards more conservative treatment options, trampolining injuries continued to require surgery in similar proportions (19.4 vs 20%; p = 0.708). Qualitative investigation revealed that the most common risk factor for trampolining injury was concurrent usage, especially with an older child. Conclusion COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in a decrease in paediatric orthopaedic presentations and high energy trauma. However, due to a marked increase in home trampolining injuries, and their unchanged requirement for surgery, there has been no change in the requirement for surgery during the lockdown period. As home exercise becomes more prevalent, a duty of public health falls upon clinicians to advise parents against trampoline usage. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(2):86–92.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Ibrahim
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Sumon Huq
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | | | - Helen Gille
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Pranai Buddhdev
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chambers G, Holton C, Kraft JK. Radiological trends in trampoline-related paediatric injuries in a major paediatric trauma centre: a 6-year experience. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Review of visits to the radiology department related to trampoline injuries in a major trauma centre in the UK over a 6-year period, and analysis of imaging performed, injury type, and seasonal trends in children under 18 years of age.
Subject and methods
Retrospective review of the Radiology Information System (RIS) for requests and reports between January 2012 and December 2017 containing the search term “tramp*” with an age of < 18 years.
Results
A total of 1794 children (44% male, mean age 8.15) visited the radiology department 1871 times and received 2343 separate radiographic examinations, ten ultrasound examinations, 20 CT examinations, 19 MR examinations and two nuclear medicine examinations. Seven hundred and eighty-eight children (45.9% male) had injury demonstrated on radiographs (622 fractures and 183 soft-tissue injuries) during 796 visits to radiology. Positive CT, MRI, and US were seen in 55%, 47.3%, and 50% of cases respectively. Children under 7 years of age are more likely to have been injured compared to older children attending for X-rays, with the proportion of injuries seen in 6-year-old children being the highest (63.7%). Trampoline injury-related X-ray requests to radiology rose from 1.7% to 4% per year as a percentage of overall X-ray requests from the emergency department.
Conclusion
Trampoline injury-related visits to the radiology department and the number of injuries demonstrated on imaging studies have increased over the study period, putting greater pressure on the healthcare system. Younger children are especially prone to injury. Public health campaigns and mandatory national safety standards are needed to increase awareness of potential dangers of recreational trampoline use.
Collapse
|
11
|
Trampoline injuries compared with other child activities. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:282-284. [PMID: 31281041 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trampolines are responsible for specific injuries. We examined the severity of these injuries in children compared with those occurring in other activities. Our primary goal was to compare the injury severity between trampolining and other activities. Our secondary goal was to evaluate risk factors for severity in order to establish preventative measures and, third, to evaluate the increased prevalence of these injuries in our hospital from 2008 to 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study was a retrospective, comparative, descriptive, and epidemiological research. Children aged 2-15 years admitted to our traumatology emergency services between June and October 2016 were included in the study. Non-sport-related injuries were excluded. Serious injuries were classified as fractures and admissions to the operating room. RESULTS In total, 1106 children were admitted including 107 trampoline accidents. The fracture rate was similar in the two groups: 34 (31.78%) vs. 309 (30.93%), OR=1.039, 95% CI [0.65, 1.62] P=0.91. Surgical treatments were more frequent in the trampoline group: 4 (3.74%) vs. 18 (1.80%) OR=2.114, 95% CI [0.51, 6.58] P=0.156. Several people jumping simultaneously on the trampoline was a risk factor (OR=1.56, 95% CI [1.0908, 2.308], P=0.018). Parental supervision was a protective factor (OR=0.271, 95% CI [0.08, 0.80], P=0.023). Trampolining accidents were 9.7 times more common in our center in 2016 compared with 2008. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, no study has compared trampoline injuries with those stemming from other activities. Awareness campaigns are needed as well as information from sellers, who have to be trained. CONCLUSION Surgical treatments are twice as likely in trampoline accidents. Prevention is simple: Children should be alone on the trampoline and supervised by an adult.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim KH, Kim HS, Kang MS, Park SS. Varus shearing force is a main injury mechanism of pediatric trampoline-related injury in addition to compressive axial loading. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217863. [PMID: 31167002 PMCID: PMC6550430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many case studies have been published about trampoline-related injury (TRI); however, a comparative study could allow a more specific analysis of the characteristics of TRI, and enable more differentiated approaches to prevent such injuries. We investigated the injury mechanism of TRI in children compared with other pediatric trauma. Methods Of 35,653 children (age 0–18 years) who visited the pediatric emergency department after traumatic injuries from January 2011 to June 2017, 372 patients with TRI (TRI group) were retrospectively identified. Among the remaining 35,281 patients with other trauma (non-TRI group), 372 were 1:1 matched to the TRI group according to sex, age, injured body part, and body weight (matched-control group). The patients’ data, injured site, and injury patterns were compared between the groups. Results The most frequently injured body part was the knee/lower leg in the TRI group and the head in the non-TRI group. The most frequent injury types were fractures in the TRI group and open wounds in the non-TRI group. In the comparison between the TRI and matched-control groups, the most common lower-extremity fractures were proximal tibial fractures with varus angulation in the TRI group and tibial shaft spiral fractures in the matched-control group. For the upper extremities, the risk of lateral condylar humeral fracture was higher in the TRI group. The TRI group presented more physeal involvements. Conclusions The risks of varus stress injury (proximal tibial fracture with varus angulation in lower extremity and lateral condylar humeral fracture in upper extremity) were higher in the TRI group than in matched-control group. Thus, varus shearing force seems to be an important injury mechanism in TRI in addition to compressive force. This varus force may increase the risk of physeal injury by generating additional shear force on the physis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Seungcheol Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Soo-Sung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rao DP, McFaull SR, Cheesman J, Do MT, Purcell LK, Thompson W. The ups and downs of trampolines: Injuries associated with backyard trampolines and trampoline parks. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:e19-e25. [PMID: 30792605 PMCID: PMC6376289 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare characteristics associated with backyard trampoline injuries (BTI) and trampoline park injuries (TPI) using records from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP). Methods eCHIRPP records for trampoline injuries (2012 to 2016) were extracted using variable codes and narratives, and injuries were examined among individuals 17 years and younger. Descriptive estimates for BTI and TPI, as well as age and sex adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the mechanism, source, body part and type of injury associated with TPIs relative to BTIs, are presented. Results Trampoline injuries are increasing in Canada (P<0.01). Patients with TPIs were older than those with BTIs. Relative to BTIs, TPIs were more associated with impact as the mechanism (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 2.2 to 3.1), trampoline beds as the source (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.1), lower extremity as the body part (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 3.0 to 4.4) and sprains as the type of injury (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.6 to 2.4). In contrast, another jumper (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.6) or fall (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.6) as the mechanism, surface (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5 to 0.9) or another jumper (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7) as the source, face or neck (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7) as the body part, and lacerations (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9) or soft tissue injury (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9) as the type of injury were more associated with BTIs relative to TPIs. Conclusion Trampoline parks result in injuries different than those from backyard trampolines. This examination into the distinct injury characteristics can help to inform future prevention measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa P Rao
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Steven R McFaull
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - James Cheesman
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Minh T Do
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Laura K Purcell
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Wendy Thompson
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho MJ, Kim J, Kim SJ, Kyoung KH, Keum MA, Park SK. Rapidly growing pediatric trampoline-related injuries in Korea: a 10-year single center retrospective study. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018; 62:90-94. [PMID: 30304896 PMCID: PMC6434230 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several published policy statements have warned against the risks associated with trampoline use and recommended safety guidelines. However, few studies have focused on trampoline-related injuries in Korea. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of pediatric trampoline-related injuries presented to Ulsan University Hospital. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged <16 years with trampoline-related injuries who visited our Emergency Department between 2008 and 2017. Results Over the 10-year period, 178 trampoline-related injuries were reported, which represented a significant increase (P=0.016). Most (87.6%) of the injuries occurred during the last 5 study years, and a rapid increase in injuries was observed in children aged <6 years. Lower extremity injuries (62.4%) were the most common, followed by injuries of the upper extremities, head and face, and trunk, including injuries to the neck and spine. Sixty-seven children (37.6%) had fractures, and proximal tibia fractures were the most common. Fractures were significantly more common in younger children (<6 years old) than in older children (P=0.026). Conclusion In Korea, the mechanism of trampoline injury is similar to that of injuries incurred in indoor trampoline parks but is characterized by smaller spaces and multiple users. Trampoline use and the incidence of trampoline-related injuries in children aged <6 years are increasing rapidly. Prohibiting the use of trampolines for children aged <6 years, restricting simultaneous use by multiple children, and ensuring adult supervision should be strictly emphasized. Public awareness and policy guidelines are needed to reduce the incidence of trampoline-related injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeng Cho
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung Jeep Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyouck Kyoung
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min Ae Keum
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi ES, Jang JH, Woo JH, Choi JU, Cho JS, Yang HJ. Pediatric Trampoline-Related Injuries in a Nationwide Registry in South Korea, 2011 to 2016. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:989-994. [PMID: 30187707 PMCID: PMC6127427 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.8.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Trampoline-related injuries are steadily increasing. To our knowledge, there have been very few studies on trampoline injuries in Asia. The purpose of this study is to report the characteristics of pediatric trampoline injuries in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from prospective nationwide databases (Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance databases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for patients who visited emergency departments (EDs) after injuries during 2011-2016. RESULTS Of 263712 patients between 0 and 17 years of age, 2799 patients with trampoline injuries visited EDs. The median age of the patients was 5 years (interquartile range, 3-8 years), and 63% of the patients were under 6 years old. Of the patients, 1526 (54.2%) were male. Seventy-six percent of injuries occurred at trampoline parks. Trampoline injuries and trampoline park injuries have increased steadily, while ages at injury have gradually decreased year by year (p<0.001). Injury locations included the lower extremity (47%), head and face (24%), and upper extremity (24%). A fracture was sustained by 886 (31.7%) patients. The distal humerus and proximal tibia were the most common fracture sites (34% and 23%, respectively). Fractures occurred more commonly in trampoline parks than in homes (33.7% vs. 21.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION In Korea, pediatric trampoline injuries and trampoline park injuries have tended to increase, while ages at injury have tended to decrease. Policies to prevent trampoline injuries are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seok Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Hyug Woo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Ji Uk Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Seong Cho
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jun Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Trampolines hold the promise of fun and enjoyment for many children, but they are associated with a significant number of orthopedic and other injuries. Injuries vary from minor to severe, and the most common are extremity injuries. Although most injuries are associated with residential (ie, backyard) trampolines, a growing number of injuries now occur in trampoline parks. Adult supervision has not been effective for prevention. Emerging data on trampoline park-related injuries indicate that caution should be exercised in these settings as well. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(10):e385-e387.].
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) both advocate for childhood injury prevention by publishing recommendations to orthopaedic surgeons, pediatricians, and the public. Popular topics of advocacy campaigns have included trampolines, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and lawnmowers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal relationship between AAOS/AAP advocacy and pediatric orthopaedic injury rates, using these topics as examples. We hypothesized that pediatric orthopaedic injury rates decline in years, following related AAOS/AAP recommendations. METHODS A retrospective review of fractures associated with trampolines, lawnmowers, and ATVs among patients aged 2 to 18 years from 1991 to 2014 was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Fracture rates and percent changes year-to-year were calculated. A timeline of AAOS and AAP advocacy statements published on the products was created. RESULTS Trampoline-related fractures rose 14% yearly from 1991 to 1999, reached a plateau from 1999 to 2003, corresponding with a 1999 AAP statement. Injury rates dropped 4.3% from 2006 to 2010 after 2005 and 2006 statements, and reached another plateau thereafter, as 2010 and 2012 statements were published. ATV-related fractures rose 14% yearly between 1997 and 2002, then dropped 15% from 2007 to 2010 following yearly AAP or AAOS statements from 2004 to 2007. From 2010 to 2014, the injury rate held constant during which time 2010, 2013, and 2014 statements were published. Lawnmower injury rates did not fall despite statements in 1998 and 2001 and a poster campaign in 2001. A 25% drop from 2007 to 2008 coincided with an AAOS statement in 2008. Fracture rates further dropped 31% from 2009 to 2011 and 21% from 2012 to 2014, amidst 2012 and 2014 statements. For ATV-related and lawnmower-related injuries, more male individuals were affected than female individuals, and for ATVs alone, injury rates increased with age. CONCLUSIONS Although AAOS/AAP statements did not universally coincide with dropping fracture rates, statements often were associated with substantial decreases in following years. This is likely because injury prevention messages are dispersed from providers to the public over time and outcomes depend on highly variable patient behaviors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V-systematic review of descriptive data.
Collapse
|
18
|
Beno S, Ackery A, Colaco K, Boutis K. Parental Knowledge of Trampoline Safety in Children. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:166-171. [PMID: 28414102 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recreational trampoline use is increasing in popularity, with a resulting increase in significant trampoline-related injuries in children. Parents are the best advocates for the safety of their children during recreational trampoline use. Our primary objective was to determine the proportion of parents who were aware of 5 key recommendations for safer recreational trampoline use in children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of parents whose children presented to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department with an extremity injury. Survey questions were derived and validated using expert opinion, available literature, and pre- and pilot testing of questions on the target audience. RESULTS Of the 1415 enrolled parents, 654 (46.2%) had regular access to a trampoline and 125 (8.8%) of their children had a history of trampoline injury. A total of 116 (8.2%; 95% confidence interval, 6.8-9.6) parents were aware of all 5 key safety recommendations for home trampoline use. Specifically, the proportion of parents who reported knowledge of the requirement for active supervision, regularly inspected safety equipment, avoiding stunts, multiple jumpers, and use by children 6 years of age and older was 89.0%, 77.2%, 44.3%, 41.6%, and 18.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Trampoline safety knowledge of the 5 key recommendations among parents was low, specifically with respect to recommended age, number of jumpers, and stunts. Because it is unlikely that use of recreational trampolines will decrease, a harm reduction approach that includes a public knowledge translation strategy of recommendations for safer home use of trampolines is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Beno
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Alun Ackery
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Colaco
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Boutis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh S, Coriolano K, Davidson J, Cashin M, Carey T, Bartley D. Evaluation of primary caregivers' perceptions on home trampoline use. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:82-86. [PMID: 29560303 PMCID: PMC5857722 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trampolines are widely used by children, but trampoline injuries can be severe and may require hospital care or even surgery. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of an educational intervention on caregivers' perceptions of trampoline use and safety for their children. Primary caregivers were recruited from the orthopedic clinic at the Children's Hospital at our institution in 2015. Caregivers were asked to complete a survey at two time points, initially in clinic and one week post educational intervention. The educational intervention was a pamphlet outlining trampoline safety data. Data analysis occurred in 2016. From the 100 primary caregivers recruited, 39 caregivers owned a trampoline, and 10 had presented to the emergency department with their child for an injury related to trampoline use. After educational intervention, caregivers had higher rating of perceived danger associated with trampolines (6/10 vs. 8/10, p < 0.001). Additionally, a greater number of caregivers were more knowledgeable on the safe age of trampoline use (56% vs. 91%, p < 0.001) and safe number of jumpers (45% vs. 86%, p < 0.001). Finally, there was a 29% increase in the proportion of caregivers who at least agreed that trampolines are dangerous (pre: 44% vs. post: 73%, p < 0.001), however 50% of caregivers would still allow their child to use a trampoline. Overall, the results of this study show that a simple educational intervention can help to increase knowledge around safe trampoline practices and increase awareness of injury. Further, this study can act as initial evidence for future studies to implement this type of intervention long-term. Rating of perceived danger of trampolines increased after educational intervention. Educational intervention improved knowledge of safe trampoline practices. Caregivers are receptive to recommendations against trampoline use from physicians. Two-thirds agreed that trampolines are dangerous after educational intervention. After education half of caregivers would still allow their child to use trampolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Singh
- Division of General Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamary Coriolano
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Cashin
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Carey
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra Bartley
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Joshi MS, Maclean M, Stevens C. Accident frequency and unrealistic optimism: Children's assessment of risk. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 111:142-146. [PMID: 29202322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accidental injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among children, warranting research on their risk perceptions. Three hundred and seven children aged 10-11 years assessed the frequency, danger and personal risk likelihood of 8 accidents. Two social-cognitive biases were manifested. The frequency of rare accidents (e.g. drowning) was overestimated, and the frequency of common accidents (e.g. bike accidents) underestimated; and the majority of children showed unrealistic optimism tending to see themselves as less likely to suffer these accidents in comparison to their peers, offering superior skills or parental control of the environment as an explanation. In the case of pedestrian accidents, children recognised their seriousness, underestimated the frequency of this risk and regarded their own road crossing skill as protection. These findings highlight the challenging task facing safety educators who, when teaching conventional safety knowledge and routines, also need to alert children to the danger of over-confidence without disabling them though fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sissons Joshi
- Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Morag Maclean
- Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Claire Stevens
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Choi ES, Hong JH, Sim JA. Distinct features of trampoline-related orthopedic injuries in children aged under 6 years. Injury 2018; 49:443-446. [PMID: 29273293 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concern has been growing about trampoline-related injuries among young children. Several published policy statements have repeatedly recommended that children younger than 6 years should not use trampolines. However, few studies have investigated the injuries caused by trampoline-related accidents among young children. This study aimed to identify the distinct features of trampoline-related orthopedic injuries in children younger than 6 years. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged between 0 and 16 years who visited our regional emergency center due to trampoline-related orthopedic injuries between 2012 and 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: a preschool group (younger than 6 years) and a school group (older than 6 years). We compared the features of the injuries in the two groups. RESULTS Among 208 patients, 108 (52%) were male and 100 (48%) were female. The mean age was 5.4 years. The preschool group accounted for 66%. There were no seasonal variations. Fractures were sustained in 96 patients (46%). The anatomical locations of injuries differed significantly between the two age groups. Proximal tibia fractures were more frequent in the preschool group than the school group (34% and 6%, respectively). Distal tibia fractures were more prevalent in the school group than the preschool group (44% vs. 13%, respectively). Surgical treatment was needed more frequently in the school group (p = 0.035, hazard ratio 2.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-6.17). Most of the injuries (82%) occurred at trampoline parks. CONCLUSIONS The anatomical locations of trampoline-related orthopedic injuries differed significantly between age groups. Fractures were more common around the knee in younger children and the ankle in older children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seok Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Jin Heon Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Ang Sim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Arkink EB, van der Plas A, Sneep RW, Reijnierse M. Bilateral trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia in a child. Radiol Case Rep 2017; 12:798-800. [PMID: 29484074 PMCID: PMC5823316 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trampoline fractures are transversely oriented impaction fractures of the proximal tibia sustained by young children jumping on a trampoline. Unaware of the mechanism of this specific nontraumatic fracture, physicians may fail to detect these fractures on plain radiographs, as radiological findings may be very subtle. In this case report, we present a rare case of bilateral trampoline fractures with an explanation of the trauma mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico B Arkink
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Annelies van der Plas
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth W Sneep
- Emergency Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Reijnierse
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cassar-Pullicino VN, Leone A. Imaging in paediatric spinal injury. TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1460408617725781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Paediatric spinal injury is rare and exhibits many unique features. Attending clinicians and radiologists often lack knowledge, expertise and experience in dealing with a potential injury to the paediatric spine. Within the paediatric age range itself there are different age-dependent mechanisms that can injure the paediatric spine. Moreover, the anatomical features and degree of osseous maturity of the developing paediatric spine determine the biomechanical characteristics which promote unique patterns of spinal injury in each paediatric age group. Methods An expert illustrated narrative review of the literature. Results Multiple factors make the imaging interpretation of the injured paediatric spine challenging. Each imaging modality has strengths and weaknesses in depicting spinal anatomy which vary with the type of spinal injury and age of the paediatric patient. Conclusions Attending doctors need to be familiar with the imaging appearances of the normal paediatric spine, its normal variants as well as the imaging features characteristics of paediatric spinal injury seen on radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Leone
- Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kasmire KE, Rogers SC, Sturm JJ. Trampoline Park and Home Trampoline Injuries. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-1236. [PMID: 27482060 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Trampoline parks, indoor recreational facilities with wall-to-wall trampolines, are increasing in number and popularity. The objective was to identify trends in emergency department visits for trampoline park injuries (TPIs) and compare TPI characteristics with home trampoline injuries (HTIs). METHODS Data on trampoline injuries from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed. Sample weights were applied to estimate yearly national injury trends; unweighted cases were used for comparison of injury patterns. RESULTS Estimated US emergency department visits for TPI increased significantly, from 581 in 2010 to 6932 in 2014 (P = .045), whereas HTIs did not increase (P = .13). Patients with TPI (n = 330) were older than patients with HTI (n = 7933) (mean 13.3 vs 9.5 years, respectively, P < .001) and predominantly male. Sprains and fractures were the most common injuries at trampoline parks and homes. Compared with HTIs, TPIs were less likely to involve head injury (odds ratio [OR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.89), more likely to involve lower extremity injury (OR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.91-2.98), more likely to be a dislocation (OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.10-4.09), and more likely to warrant admission (OR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.19-2.61). TPIs necessitating hospital admission included open fractures and spinal cord injuries. TPI mechanisms included falls, contact with other jumpers, and flips. CONCLUSIONS TPI patterns differed significantly from HTIs. TPIs are an emerging concern; additional investigation and strategies are needed to prevent injury at trampoline parks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kasmire
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Steven C Rogers
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jesse J Sturm
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The 'trampoline ankle': severe medial malleolar physeal injuries in children and adolescents secondary to multioccupant use of trampolines. J Pediatr Orthop B 2016; 25:133-7. [PMID: 26588838 DOI: 10.1097/bpb.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe a series of patients presenting with medial malleolus Salter-Harris types III and IV fractures (MacFarland fractures) related to trampoline use. In total, 11 patients were reviewed retrospectively (mean age: 11.8 years; four boys and seven girls). Salter-Harris type III fractures were more commonly seen (n=7). Undisplaced fractures were more prevalent (n=6). Six children underwent surgical treatment. Average follow-up time was 17.8 months. A medial physeal bar with subsequent growth arrest and ankle deformity was observed in two patients. More than one user was present on the trampoline at the time of the injury in nine of the reported cases. Medial malleolus growth-plate injuries can be seen after trampoline injuries where multiple users were involved. Potential complications including growth arrest can occur.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marsh AG, Robertson JS, Godman A, Boyle J, Huntley JS. Introduction of a simple guideline to improve neurological assessment in paediatric patients presenting with upper limb fractures. Emerg Med J 2016; 33:273-7. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2014-204414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
28
|
Chambers S, Berg AJ, Lupu A, Jennings A. Iliacus haematoma causing femoral nerve palsy: an unusual trampolining injury. BMJ Case Rep 2015. [PMID: 26216923 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented to accident and emergency following a trampolining injury. Initially, the patient was discharged, diagnosed with a soft tissue injury, but he re-presented 48 h later with worsening low back pain and neurological symptoms in the left leg. Subsequent MRI revealed a left iliacus haematoma causing a femoral nerve palsy. The patient was managed conservatively and by 6 months post injury all symptoms had resolved. This is the first reported case of an iliacus haematoma causing a femoral nerve palsy, after a trampolining injury. We believe this case highlights to our fellow clinicians the importance of a detailed history when assessing patients with trampolining injuries to evaluate the true force of injury. It also acts as a reference for clinicians in managing similar cases in future.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ashby K, Eager D, D'Elia A, Day L. Influence of voluntary standards and design modifications on trampoline injury in Victoria, Australia. Inj Prev 2015; 21:314-9. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
30
|
Ashby K, Pointer S, Eager D, Day L. Australian trampoline injury patterns and trends. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 39:491-4. [PMID: 26123781 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine national trampoline injury patterns and trends in the context of improved product safety standards and trampoline design modifications. METHOD Review of National Hospital Morbidity data. RESULTS There were an average 1,737 trampoline injuries reported nationally each year from 2002 to 2011. Both injury frequency and rate grew. Statistically significant rate increases were observed among all age groups, although both are highest among children aged 5-9 years. From 2008/09 there is a possible decreasing trend among the 5-9 age group. Falls predominate and 81% of falls result in fracture. Non-fall injuries increased annually as a proportion of all hospitalised injury although they did not comprise more than 2.4% in any one year. CONCLUSIONS History provides no evidence of an observable effect of voluntary Australian Standards for trampoline safety on population rates for trampoline injury. The major design modification--netted enclosures--could contribute to the risk of injury by leading parents to falsely believe that a netted enclosure eradicates the risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ashby
- Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Victoria
| | - Sophie Pointer
- Research Centre for Injury Studies, Flinders University, South Australia
| | - David Eager
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Lesley Day
- Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Victoria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Patterns of Injuries in Newer Mechanisms of Pediatric Injuries (ATVs, Snowmobiles, Trampolines, Flat Screen TVs). CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of injuries caused by accidents while springing on a trampoline has increased significantly. This study therefore focused on the incidence, morbidity and circumstances of the accidents in pediatric patients. METHODS The children admitted to this hospital from 2002 to 2010 were re-examined and the children injured during trampolining were asked to fill out a questionnaire focusing on the mechanism of the injury and the circumstances. RESULTS A total of 268 accidents were included in the study and 28% of the injuries were severe (e.g. fracture, luxation and rupture). If there were special safety measures (e.g. safety net, floor mats, surrounding water 63%) 28.4% of the injuries were severe and without safety measures 28.6% were severe. Safety measures did not influence the incidence of severe trauma (p=1). If a trampoline was equipped with a safety net (53%) 31% of the injuries were severe and without a safety net 25% were severe (p=0.473). CONCLUSION Pediatric accidents on a trampoline result in severe injuries in 28% of cases. There is no difference in the severity of the injury regarding trampolines with or without special safety measures. Safety nets do not reduce the risk of severe injury.
Collapse
|
33
|
Klimek PM, Juen D, Stranzinger E, Wolf R, Slongo T. Trampoline related injuries in children: risk factors and radiographic findings. World J Pediatr 2013; 9:169-74. [PMID: 23677833 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-013-0416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Backyard trampolines are immensely popular among children, but are associated with an increase of trampoline-related injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographs of children with trampoline related injuries and to determine the risk factors. METHODS Between 2003 and 2009, 286 children under the age of 16 with backyard trampoline injuries were included in the study. The number of injuries increased from 13 patients in 2003 to 86 in 2009. The median age of the 286 patients was 7 years (range: 1-15 years). Totally 140 (49%) patients were males, and 146 (51%) females. Medical records and all available diagnostic imaging were reviewed. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to evaluate the circumstances of each injury, the type of trampoline, the protection equipment and the experience of the children using the trampoline. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Bern. RESULTS The questionnaires and radiographs of the 104 patients were available for evaluation. A fracture was sustained in 51 of the 104 patients. More than 75% of all patients sustaining injuries and in 90% of patients with fractures were jumping on the trampoline with other children at the time of the accident. The most common fractures were supracondylar humeral fractures (29%) and forearm fractures (25%). Fractures of the proximal tibia occurred especially in younger children between 2-5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Children younger than 5 years old are at risk for specific proximal tibia fractures ("Trampoline Fracture"). A child jumping simultaneously with other children has a higher risk of suffering from a fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Michael Klimek
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Randsborg PH, Gulbrandsen P, Saltytė Benth J, Sivertsen EA, Hammer OL, Fuglesang HFS, Arøen A. Fractures in children: epidemiology and activity-specific fracture rates. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:e42. [PMID: 23553305 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of pediatric fractures occur during sport or recreational activity. In this paper, we investigate the incidence and causes of pediatric fractures in our region and quantify the fracture rate per exposure time for the most common sport and recreational activities. METHODS We prospectively evaluated all children younger than sixteen years who presented to our institution with a new fracture within a twelve-month period. Exposure time to the most common childhood activities was measured by means of interviewing random parents from the study population. The main outcome measures were the annual fracture incidence in the population and fracture rates per 10,000 hours of exposure to various sports and recreational activities. RESULTS A total of 1403 fractures were included. The overall annual incidence was 180.1 fractures per 10,000 children younger than sixteen years. The distal part of the radius was most often fractured (436 fractures, 31.1%). Snowboarding was associated with the highest activity-specific fracture rate, estimated to be 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 2.60) fractures per 10,000 hours of exposure. In comparison, the fracture rate per 10,000 hours of exposure was 0.79 (CI, 0.42 to 1.09) for handball, 0.44 (CI, 0.35 to 0.52) for soccer, and 0.35 (CI, 0.23 to 0.47) for trampolining. CONCLUSIONS The distal part of the radius is the most common fracture site in childhood. Fracture rates differ between various physical activities. The fracture rate for snowboarding was four times higher compared with that for other common childhood sport and recreational activities in our region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per-Henrik Randsborg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- Per-Henrik Randsborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, NO-1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a literature review generated from The Committee on Trauma and Prevention of Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America to bring to the forefront 4 main areas of preventable injuries in children. METHODS Literature review of pertinent published studies or available information of 4 areas of childhood injury: trampoline and moonbouncers, skateboards, all-terrain vehicles, and lawn mowers. RESULTS Much literature exists on these injuries. CONCLUSIONS Preventable injuries occur at alarming rates in children. By arming the orthopaedist with a concise account of these injuries, patient education and child safety may be promoted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Despite previous recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics discouraging home use of trampolines, recreational use of trampolines in the home setting continues to be a popular activity among children and adolescents. This policy statement is an update to previous statements, reflecting the current literature on prevalence, patterns, and mechanisms of trampoline-related injuries. Most trampoline injuries occur with multiple simultaneous users on the mat. Cervical spine injuries often occur with falls off the trampoline or with attempts at somersaults or flips. Studies on the efficacy of trampoline safety measures are reviewed, and although there is a paucity of data, current implementation of safety measures have not appeared to mitigate risk substantially. Therefore, the home use of trampolines is strongly discouraged. The role of trampoline as a competitive sport and in structured training settings is reviewed, and recommendations for enhancing safety in these environments are made.
Collapse
|
38
|
Rattihalli R, Khan A, Hussain N. A reminder of the dangers of trampolining: Spinal cord infarction secondary to hyperextension injury during trampolining. J Pediatr Neurosci 2012; 7:70-1. [PMID: 22837787 PMCID: PMC3401663 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.97632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Rattihalli
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pediatric fractures: temporal trends and cost implications of treatment under general anesthesia. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2011; 38:59-64. [PMID: 26815675 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-011-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric fractures are common and are often managed by manipulation under general anesthesia (MUA). This study's aim was to assess the changing pattern of pediatric fractures over 6 years and use this data to perform a workload forecast and estimate cost implications of treatment under general anesthesia. METHODS The Emergency Department (ED), operating theater and ward admissions data of children aged 1-11 years presenting with fractures was analyzed. We calculated caseload trends, delay to operation, various parameters of service provision, and the current cost of treating each fracture. We then performed predictive cost analysis for the next 3 years to estimate potential savings by manipulating fractures in ED under ketamine sedation. RESULTS The case load has increased >350% in 6 years (total fractures increasing at 23% and MUAs increasing at 17% per year, respectively). The summer months and evenings have been consistently busier. 72% of fractures were managed by pure reduction alone (MUA), 22% by reduction + K-wires, and various other procedures were performed in 1%. The median delays from ED presentation to admission, definitive procedure and discharge were 4, 21 and 33 h, respectively. Each MUA took 52 min and cost the hospital £723. Assuming that the current trends continue, the expenditures would be £101 K, £114 K, and £128 K for 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. DISCUSSION Fracture manipulation in children under general anesthesia often requires an overnight hospital stay, which is not only uncomfortable for the child and inconvenient for the parents but it also increases the burden on the limited National Health Service (NHS) resources. There is a 23% annual increase in fractures and children have to wait for 21 h before the definitive procedure. Using ketamine to manipulate children's fractures in the ED could offer potential service and cost improvements.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Trampoline-related injuries have increased dramatically over the last few years. This article presents a review of the literature summarizing the different types and mechanisms of sustaining such injuries and looks at current recommendations to prevent them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sukeik
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, University College London Hospitals, London
| | | |
Collapse
|