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Wang Q, Huang Y, Jiang M, Tang Y, Wang Q, Bai L, Yu C, Yang X, Ding K, Wang W, Bai J, Chen Y. The demethylase ALKBH5 mediates ZKSCAN3 expression through the m 6A modification to activate VEGFA transcription and thus participates in MNNG-induced gastric cancer progression. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134690. [PMID: 38781857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
N-Nitroso compounds (NOCs) are recognized as important factors that promote gastric cancer development, but the specific effects and potential mechanisms by which NOC exposure promotes gastric cancer are still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of NOCs on the promotion of gastric cancer using methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a classical direct carcinogen of NOC. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that chronic and low-concentration MNNG exposure significantly promoted the malignant progression of tumors, including cell migration, cell invasion, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, cell spheroid formation, stem cell-like marker expression, and gastric cancer growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, we revealed that demethylase ALKBH5 regulated the level of the N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the 3'UTR and CDS region of the ZKSCAN3 mRNA to promote ZKSCAN3 expression, mediated the binding of ZKSCAN3 to the VEGFA promoter region to regulate VEGFA transcription, and participated in MNNG-induced gastric cancer cell migration, invasion, VM formation, cell spheroid formation, stem cell-like marker expression and ultimately gastric cancer progression. In addition, our study revealed that ALKBH5-ZKSCAN3-VEGFA signaling was significantly activated during MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis, and further studies in gastric cancer patients showed that ALKBH5, ZKSCAN3, and VEGFA expression were upregulated in cancers compared with paired gastric mucosal tissues, that ALKBH5, ZKSCAN3, and VEGFA could serve as important biomarkers for determining patient prognosis, and that the molecular combination showed greater prognostic value. These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing gastric cancer interventions for NOCs and for determining gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yefei Huang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinzhi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longlong Bai
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Ding
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University̥, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yansu Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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He Y, Liu HH, Zhou XL, He TT, Zhang AZ, Wang X, Wei SZ, Li HT, Chen LS, Chang L, Zhao YL, Jing MY. Rutaecarpine Ameliorates Murine N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine-Induced Chronic Atrophic Gastritis by Sonic Hedgehog Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:6294. [PMID: 37687125 PMCID: PMC10489734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CAG is a burdensome and progressive disease. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of RUT in digestive system diseases. The therapeutic effects of RUT on MNNG-induced CAG and the potential mechanisms were probed. MNNG administration was employed to establish a CAG model. The HE and ELISA methods were applied to detect the treatment effects. WB, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL, and GES-1 cell flow cytometry approaches were employed to probe the mechanisms. The CAG model was successfully established. The ELISA and HE staining data showed that the RUT treatment effects on CAG rats were reflected by the amelioration of histological damage. The qRT-PCR and WB analyses indicated that the protective effect of RUT is related to the upregulation of the SHH pathway and downregulation of the downstream of apoptosis to improve gastric cellular survival. Our data suggest that RUT induces a gastroprotective effect by upregulating the SHH signaling pathway and stimulating anti-apoptosis downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Hong-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xue-Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ao-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Shi-Zhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hao-Tian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Li-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Man-Yi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Xiao Q, Deng B, Akbari A, Liu Q, Zhu B. The ketogenic diet could improve the efficacy of curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract in the treatment of gastric cancer by increasing miR340 expression and apoptosis mediated by autophagy, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14407. [PMID: 36219718 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a multistage process that involves glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, microRNA-340 (miR340) also plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and the biology of gastric cancer as an epigenetic factor. It seems that the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant extracts that have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties can be good treatment options to cure gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-340 on pathways involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the improving effects of the KD, Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE), and curcumin in the animal model of gastric cancer. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups. The expression of miR-340 along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE in a dose-dependent behavior could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue of rats with cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between cancer groups receiving ODE and curcumin. These results also showed that consumption of KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to increasing miR-340 expression. The results of this study suggested well that the KD along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine can be a useful solution for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death, and genetic and epigenetic factors, including miR-340, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant products such as curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE) can play an effective role in inhibiting tumorigenesis in some cancers. Our results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue. Moreover, the KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to an increase in miR-340 expression. These findings provide novel perceptions about the mechanisms of the KD, curcumin, and ODE to cure gastric cancer. It suggested that the KD as adjunctive therapy along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine could be considered a useful solution to prevent and treat gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Qisheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bisheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Is intestinal metaplasia the point of no return in the progression of gastric carcinogenesis? Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:2965-2967. [PMID: 34874672 PMCID: PMC8710313 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Wen JX, Tong YL, Ma X, Wang RL, Li RS, Song HT, Zhao YL. Therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of dehydroevodiamine on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced chronic atrophic gastritis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153619. [PMID: 34320422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dehydroevodiamine (DHE) is a quinazoline alkaloid isolated from a Chinese herbal medicine, named Euodiae Fructus (Wu-Zhu-Yu in Chinese). This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of DHE on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) based on integrated approaches. METHODS Therapeutic effects of DHE on serum biochemical indices and histopathology of gastric tissue in MNNG-induced CAG rats were analyzed. MNNG-induced GES-1 human gastric epithelial cell injury model was established. Cell viability and proliferation was quantified by a cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by a high content screening (HCS) assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by a Transwell chamber. Moreover, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was performed to investigate the potential metabolites and signaling pathway affecting the protective effects of DHE on MNNG-induced cell migration and invasion of GES-1. Furthermore, in view of the key role of angiogenesis in the transformation of inflammation and cancer, this study explored relative mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α-mediated VEGF pathway in vivo and in vitro by RT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the therapeutic effects of DHE on CAG rats were presented in down-regulation serum biochemical indices and alleviating histological damage of gastric tissue. Besides, DHE has an effect on increasing cell proliferation of GES-1 cells, ameliorating MNNG-induced gastric epithelial cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, DHE could inhibit MNNG induced migration and invasion of GES-1 cells. Cell metabolomics analyses showed that the protective effect of DHE on GES-1 cells is mainly associated with the regulation of inflammation metabolites and energy metabolism related pathways. It was found that DHE has a regulating effect on tumor angiogenesis and can inhibit the relative gene and protein expression of HIF-1α-mediated VEGF signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present work highlighted the role of DHE ameliorated gastric injury in MNNG-induced CAG rats in vivo and GES-1 cell migration in vitro by inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF angiogenesis pathway. These results suggest that DHE may be the effective components of Euodiae Fructus, which provides a new agent for the treatment of CAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui-Lin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Zhao H, Hu H, Chen B, Xu W, Zhao J, Huang C, Xing Y, Lv H, Nie C, Wang J, He Y, Wang SQ, Chen XB. Overview on the Role of E-Cadherin in Gastric Cancer: Dysregulation and Clinical Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:689139. [PMID: 34422902 PMCID: PMC8371966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.689139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death all over the world. E-cadherin encoded by human CDH1 gene plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. Full-length E-cadhrin tethered on the cell membrane mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. After proteolysis, the extracellular fragment of the full-length E-cadhein is released into the extracellular environment and the blood, which is called soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin). sE-cadherin promots invasion and metastasis as a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule in the progression of various types of cancer including gastric cancer. This review mainly summarizes the dysregulation of E-cadherin and the regulatory roles in the progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug-resistance, as well as its clinical applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yishu Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunduan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Preliminary evaluation of anticancer efficacy of pioglitazone combined with celecoxib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:1-9. [PMID: 34341904 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the lung cancer types, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is prominent and less responsive to chemotherapy. The current chemotherapeutics for NSCLC are associated with several dose-limiting side effects like bone-marrow suppression, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity, etc. which are causing non-compliance in patients. Many tumors, including breasts, lung, ovarian, etc. overexpress PPAR-γ receptors and COX-2 enzymes, which play a crucial role in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Lack of PPAR-γ activation and overproduction of prostaglandins, result in uncontrolled activation of Ras/Raf/Mek ultimately, NF-κB mediated tumor proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer potential of PPAR-γ agonist Pioglitazone combined with COX-2 inhibitor Celelcoxib in NSCLC. METHODS Sixty adult Balb/C male mice were classified into sham control, disease control, and treatment groups. Mice were treated with Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) (10 mg/kg), pioglitazone (10 & 20 mg/kg) and celecoxib (25 & 50 mg/kg). Weekly body weight, food intake, mean survival time & % increased life span were determined. Tumor weight and histopathological analysis were performed at the end of the study. RESULTS The significant tumor reducing potential of pioglitazone combined with celecoxib was observed (p < 0.05). The treatment groups (treated with pioglitazone and celecoxib) showed a remarkable decrease in lung tumor weight, improved life span and mean survival time (p < 0.05). Histopathological studies confirm that treatment groups (treated with pioglitazone and celecoxib) reframed the lung architecture compared to disease control. CONCLUSION Preliminary results revealed that pioglitazone adjunacy with celecoxib may be an effective chemo-preventive agent against NNK induce NSCLC.
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Cui G, Wei F, Wei M, Xie L, Lin Z, Feng X. Modulatory effect of Tagetes erecta flowers essential oils via Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB/p65 axis mediated suppression of N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric cancer in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1541-1554. [PMID: 33394271 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protective effect of Tagetes erecta flowers essential oils was investigated on oxidative stress, immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis against N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric cancer in rats. Essential oil were extracted from Tagetes erecta flowers and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For observing a protective effect against MNNG induced gastric cancer, we divided rats into 4 groups (group A to D) having 10 rats in each group. Performed various experiments and measured a different parameters to investigate antioxidant activity, immune response, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity. The levels of malondialdehyde were markedly increased in the presence of N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitroguanidine, whereas, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, and catalase were lowered in the treated rats in contrast with the control. Intervention with TEEO to gastric cancer-induced rats upregulated the redox status and the activity of the immune system to decrease cancer risk. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) secretions that were induced by MNNG were markedly inhibited by TEEO. Administration of TEEO also significantly reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive gastric cancer cells, expression of mRNA of caspase-3, and Bax. Whereas, the expression of Bcl-2 was increased. Additionally, downregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and IκBα degradation and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 expression in tissues of the stomach of MNNG-induced-rats were markedly elevated due to TEEO. This suggested possession of TEEO with a protective shield against MNNG induced gastric cancer by the exertion of antioxidative stress, anti-apoptotic response, the anti-inflammatory response through Nrf2/HO-1, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Fei Wei
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, 210023, China
| | - Muxin Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Liqun Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Zhenyan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China.
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China.
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Effects of Plant and Animal Natural Products on Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6969402. [PMID: 32308807 PMCID: PMC7086453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6969402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a protected cellular process that is essential for autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria and for preservation of a healthy mitochondrial population. In the last years, a particular interest has been devoted in studying the effects of natural compounds on mitophagy. Different natural compounds may modulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the expression of mitophagy- and autophagy-related genes, and the activities of transcription factors which regulate the expression of mitochondrial proteins, thereby controlling mitochondrial damage and mitophagy. Remarkably, since mitochondrial function has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases (e.g., cancer, atherosclerosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diabetes complications, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatic steatosis), these effects might have important therapeutic implications. In this review, preclinical studies investigating the role of different natural compounds in the modulation of mitophagy will be discussed.
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Isyraqiah F, Kutty MK, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ. Leptin enhances N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced tumour growth in gastric mucosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5967-5975. [PMID: 31444698 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who are obese are at a greater risk of developing gastric cancer. They are however also hyperleptinaemic. Chronic leptin treatment has been shown to upregulate numerous cancer-causing genes in the stomach of male Sprague-Dawley rats. It is however unclear if leptin enhances the effect of gastric carcinogens in vivo. This study was therefore done to investigate the effect of leptin on gastric carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Twenty-four, 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into three groups: G1 served as age-matched controls; G2 was treated with MNNG in drinking water ad libitum (200 mg L-1); G3 was given leptin and MNNG. Rats were euthanized after 40 weeks of treatment and their stomachs were removed for histopathology, microarray, and RT-qPCR analysis. Fisher's exact test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Fifty percent of the MNNG-treated rats developed gastric hyperplasia (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in any carcinogenic genes. Concurrent MNNG and leptin treatment however induced hyperplasia, dysplasia, hypertrophy, and adenocarcinoma in 75% (6/8) of the rats; with upregulation of microRNAs, olfactory receptors, Hey2 (transcription factor), Tmed2 (vesicular trafficking), and Lcn11 (cell proliferation) genes. It appears that leptin enhances MNNG- induced tumour growth in stomachs of Sprague-Dawley rats and its role in gastric cancer requires further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizatul Isyraqiah
- Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750, Masai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Methil Kannan Kutty
- Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Harbindar Jeet Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. .,I-PPerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Wong CC, Kang W, Xu J, Qian Y, Luk STY, Chen H, Li W, Zhao L, Zhang X, Chiu PWY, Ng EKW, Yu J. Prostaglandin E 2 induces DNA hypermethylation in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Theranostics 2019; 9:6256-6268. [PMID: 31534549 PMCID: PMC6735505 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a pro-inflammatory eicosanoid up-regulated in gastric cancer (GC). However, its impact on epigenetic dysfunction in the process of gastric carcinogenesis is unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of PGE2 in DNA methylation in gastric epithelium in vitro, in mice, and humans. Methods: PGE2-induced DNMT3B and DNA methylation was determined in gastric cell lines and COX-2 transgenic mice. Effect of COX-2 inhibition on DNA methylation was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Efficacy of combined COX-2/PGE2 and DNMT inhibition on GC growth was examined in cell lines and mice models. Results: PCR array analysis of PGE2-treated GC cells revealed the up-regulation of DNMT3B, a de novo DNA methyltransferase. In GC cells, PGE2 induced DNMT3B expression and activity, leading to increased methylated cytosine (5mC) and promoter methylation of tumor suppressive genes (MGMT and CNR1). Consistently, Cox-2 (rate-limiting enzyme for PGE2 biosynthesis) transgenic expression in mice significantly induced Dnmt3b expression, increased 5mC content, and promoted Mgmt promoter methylation. We retrospectively analyzed the 5mC content of 42 patients with intestinal metaplasia (a precancerous lesion of GC) treated with a COX-2 specific inhibitor Rofecoxib or placebo for 2 years, revealing that the COX-2 inhibitor significantly down-regulated 5mC levels (N=42, P=0.009). Collectively, these data indicate that PGE2 is closely related to DNA hypermethylation in vitro and in vivo. Using genome-wide 450K methylation array, we identified chromosomal genes (POT1, ATM and HIST1H2AA) were preferentially methylated by PGE2. Biofunctional work revealed that POT1 functions as a tumor suppressor. Finally, we demonstrated that combinatorial inhibition of COX-2 and DNMT using Celecoxib and Decitabine synergistically inhibited GC growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This study suggested that PGE2 promotes DNA methylation in GC, and that co-targeting of PGE2 and DNMT inhibits GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Qian
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simson Tsz Yat Luk
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Phlip WY Chiu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Enders KW Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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12
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Peng C, Li NS, Hu Y, Lu NH. Impact factors that modulate gastric cancer risk in Helicobacter pylori-infected rodent models. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12580. [PMID: 30950162 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer causes a large social and economic burden to humans. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a major risk factor for distal gastric cancer. Detailed elucidation of H pylori pathogenesis is significant for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Animal models of H pylori-induced gastric cancer have provided an invaluable resource to help elucidate the mechanisms of H pylori-induced carcinogenesis as well as the interaction between host and the bacterium. Rodent models are commonly used to study H pylori infection because H pylori-induced pathological processes in the stomachs of rodents are similar to those in the stomachs of humans. The risk of gastric cancer in H pylori-infected animal models is greatly dependent on host factors, bacterial determinants, environmental factors, and microbiota. However, the related mechanisms and the effects of the interactions among these impact factors on gastric carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the impact factors mediating gastric cancer risk when establishing H pylori-infected animal models. Clarifying these factors and their potential interactions will provide insights to construct animal models of gastric cancer and investigate the in-depth mechanisms of H pylori pathogenesis, which might contribute to the management of H pylori-associated gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Tabares JPG, Santos RLS, Cassiano JL, Zaim MH, Honorato J, Batista AA, Teixeira SF, Ferreira AK, Viana RB, Martínez SQ, Stábile AC, de Oliveira Silva D. A Ru(II)-p-cymene compound bearing naproxen-pyridineamide. Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, computational analysis and in vitro anticancer activity against lung cells compared to Ru(II)-p-cymene-naproxen and the corresponding drug ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Khoo BL, Grenci G, Lim JSY, Lim YP, Fong J, Yeap WH, Bin Lim S, Chua SL, Wong SC, Yap YS, Lee SC, Lim CT, Han J. Low-dose anti-inflammatory combinatorial therapy reduced cancer stem cell formation in patient-derived preclinical models for tumour relapse prevention. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:407-423. [PMID: 30713340 PMCID: PMC6461953 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of drug-resistant cancer phenotypes is a challenge for anti-cancer therapy. Cancer stem cells are identified as one of the ways by which chemoresistance develops. Method We investigated the anti-inflammatory combinatorial treatment (DA) of doxorubicin and aspirin using a preclinical microfluidic model on cancer cell lines and patient-derived circulating tumour cell clusters. The model had been previously demonstrated to predict patient overall prognosis. Results We demonstrated that low-dose aspirin with a sub-optimal dose of doxorubicin for 72 h could generate higher killing efficacy and enhanced apoptosis. Seven days of DA treatment significantly reduced the proportion of cancer stem cells and colony-forming ability. DA treatment delayed the inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion, which is mediated by both COX-dependent and independent pathways. The response of patients varied due to clinical heterogeneity, with 62.5% and 64.7% of samples demonstrating higher killing efficacy or reduction in cancer stem cell (CSC) proportions after DA treatment, respectively. These results highlight the importance of using patient-derived models for drug discovery. Conclusions This preclinical proof of concept seeks to reduce the onset of CSCs generated post treatment by stressful stimuli. Our study will promote a better understanding of anti-inflammatory treatments for cancer and reduce the risk of relapse in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Luan Khoo
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Sze Yun Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ping Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - July Fong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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Silymarin and celecoxib ameliorate experimental varicocele-induced pathogenesis: evidences for oxidative stress and inflammation inhibition. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1039-1052. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Efficacy and safety of combined low doses of either diclofenac or celecoxib with gabapentin versus their single high dose in treatment of neuropathic pain in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:267-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang C, Cai T, Zeng X, Cai D, Chen Y, Huang X, Gan H, Zhuo J, Zhao Z, Pan H, Li S. Astragaloside IV reverses MNNG-induced precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma in rats: Regulation on glycolysis through miRNA-34a/LDHA pathway. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1364-1372. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510405 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510405 China
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Dake Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Haining Gan
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Juncheng Zhuo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510405 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
- Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong 510095 China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.; Guangzhou 510095 China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510405 China
| | - Siyi Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510405 China
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Khan MA, Khan MJ. Nano-gold displayed anti-inflammatory property via NF-kB pathways by suppressing COX-2 activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1149-1158. [PMID: 29553845 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1446968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, affecting almost 1% of world population. Although the exact cause of RA is not known but the complex interaction between inflammatory mediators like tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide (NO) is accountable for cartilage destruction in joints. Gold is used for arthritis treatment since long without knowing its mechanism of action. Hence, the present study was designed to assess antiarthritic activity of nanogold (AuNGs) in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rat model by virtue of decreasing inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. After induction CIA rats were treated with AuNGs in phosphate buffer at a dose of 20 μg/kg body weight for 20 days and found a significant decrease in the level of inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and transcription factor NF-kB (Nuclear factor-kB), which was found to be elevated in CIA rats. Additionally imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status were determined and perceived that AuNGs remarkably attenuates the imbalance in level of antioxidant and oxidant near to normal. In consistent to biochemical results, mRNA expression of NF-kB, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS were also up-regulated in CIA rats, which were considerably down regulated by AuNGs treatment. These findings were positively correlated with the histological results of joints, displayed reduced inflammation and bone erosion in treated group. This study demonstrates the ability of AuNGs to ameliorate production of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in CIA rats. Induction of arthritis in rats showed increased inflammation, which activate the transcription factor NF-kB through activation of of IkB kinases (IKK) and ubiquination/proteosome degradation of IKB and transportation of activated NF-kB from cytoplasm to nucleus. In nucleus activated NF-kB bind to the promoter region of target gene and up regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and other inflammatory mediators that leads to cartilage destruction. AuNGs inhibit the activation of NF-kB and other inflammatory mediators and attenuate inflammation and cartilage destruction. COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; IKK: IkB kinases; IKB: I Kappa B; IL-1β: interleukin-6; IL-6: interleukin-6; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-kB: nuclear transcription factor kappa B; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- a Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- b School of Biotechnology , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
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Kashiwagi E, Inoue S, Mizushima T, Chen J, Ide H, Kawahara T, Reis LO, Baras AS, Netto GJ, Miyamoto H. Prostaglandin receptors induce urothelial tumourigenesis as well as bladder cancer progression and cisplatin resistance presumably via modulating PTEN expression. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:213-223. [PMID: 29123257 PMCID: PMC5785746 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the role of prostaglandin receptors (e.g. prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2), EP4) and the efficacy of celecoxib in urothelial tumourigenesis and cancer progression. Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry in bladder cancer (BC) tissue microarrays, in vitro transformation assay in a normal urothelial SVHUC line, and western blot/reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction/cell growth assays in BC lines. Results: EP2/EP4 expression was elevated in BCs compared with non-neoplastic urothelial tissues and in BCs from those who were resistant to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Strong positivity of EP2/EP4 in non-muscle-invasive tumours or positivity of EP2/EP4 in muscle-invasive tumours strongly correlated with disease progression or disease-specific mortality, respectively. In SVHUC cells, exposure to a chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene considerably increased and decreased the expression of EP2/EP4 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), respectively. Treatment with selective EP2/EP4 antagonist or celecoxib also resulted in prevention in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced neoplastic transformation of SVHUC cells. In BC lines, EP2/EP4 antagonists and celecoxib effectively inhibited cell viability and migration, as well as augmented PTEN expression. Furthermore, these drugs enhanced the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin in BC cells. EP2/EP4 and PTEN were also elevated and reduced, respectively, in cisplatin-resistant BC sublines. Conclusions: EP2/EP4 activation correlates with induction of urothelial cancer initiation and outgrowth, as well as chemoresistance, presumably via downregulating PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Leonardo O Reis
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexander S Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Song B, Shu ZB, Du J, Ren JC, Feng Y. Anti-cancer effect of low dose of celecoxib may be associated with lnc-SCD-1:13 and lnc-PTMS-1:3 but not COX-2 in NCI-N87 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1775-1779. [PMID: 28789408 PMCID: PMC5529947 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechanism of celecoxib and whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the effects of celecoxib treatment in NCI-N87 cells, NCI-N87 cells were treated with 15, 30 and 60 µM celecoxib and an MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability. Following treatment with 15 µM celecoxib, the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the mRNA levels of lnc-SCD-1:13, lnc-PTMS-1:3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), integrin α3 (ITGA3) and DSH homolog 1 (DVL1) were detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in NCI-N87 cells. MTT analysis demonstrated that celecoxib significantly inhibited cell viability in treated cells compared with untreated cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with untreated cells, the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase was significantly increased, and the percentage of cells in the S and G2 phase was decreased. In addition, the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells was increased in cells treated with 15 µM celecoxib compared with the control. RT-qPCR analysis also demonstrated that the mRNA levels of lnc-SCD-1:13, lnc-PTMS-1:3, ITGA3 and DVL1 were increased following treatment with celecoxib (15 µM; P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the expression of COX-2 mRNA between cells treated with celecoxib (15 µM) and untreated cells. The present study demonstrated that a low dose of celecoxib may be involved in regulating cell growth independent of COX-2 in NCI-N87 cells. Furthermore, ITGA3 and/or DVL1 co-expressed with lnc-SCD-1:13 and lnc-PTMS-1:3 may be associated with the effects of treatment with a low dose of celecoxib in NCI-N87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Bo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Internal Medicine 2, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chen Ren
- Internal Medicine 2, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Wang X, Liu H, Wang X, Zeng Z, Xie LQ, Sun ZG, Wei MX. Preventive effect of Actinidia valvata Dunn extract on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastrointestinal cancer in rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6363-7. [PMID: 25124626 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to assess the preventive effect of Actinidia valvata Dunn (AVD) extract on an animal model of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis on the basis of changes in tumor incidence, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into five different treatment groups with 15 rats in each group. Group I was given normal feed, whereas Groups II to IV were treated with 10% sodium chloride in the first six weeks and 100 ug/mL of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in drinking water for 24 weeks. Group II was then given normal feed, whereas Group III was given AVD extract (0.24 g/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Group IV was given AVD extract from the first week to the 36th week, whereas Group V was treated with AVD extract alone for 36 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of the 36-week experiment and assessed for the presence of gastrointestinal tumors. The occurrence of cancer was evaluated by histology. Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and cyclinD1 were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS The incidences of gastric cancer were 0% in Group I, 73.3% in Group II, 33.3% in Group III, 26.7% in Group IV, and 0% in Group V. Bcl-2 and cyclinD1 expression was decreased in AVD extract treated groups, whereas Bax and Caspase-3 expression was increased. Comparison with group II revealed significant differences (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS AVD extract exhibits an obvious preventive effect on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in rats through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China E-mail :
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The effect of some immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs on Li-pilocarpine-induced epileptic disorders in Wistar rats. Brain Res 2016; 1648:418-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Song B, Du J, Feng Y, Gao YJ, Zhao JS. Co-expressed differentially expressed genes and long non-coding RNAs involved in the celecoxib treatment of gastric cancer: An RNA sequencing analysis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2455-2468. [PMID: 27698747 PMCID: PMC5038183 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a gastric cancer cell line treated with celecoxib. The human gastric carcinoma cell line NCI-N87 was treated with 15 µM celecoxib for 72 h (celecoxib group) and an equal volume of dimethylsulfoxide (control group), respectively. Libraries were constructed by NEBNext Ultra RNA Library Prep kit for Illumina. Paired-end RNA sequencing reads were aligned to a human hg19 reference genome using TopHat2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs were identified using Cuffdiff. Enrichment analysis was performed using GO-function package and KEGG profile in Bioconductor. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING database and module analysis was performed using ClusterONE plugin of Cytoscape. ATP5G1, ATP5G3, COX8A, CYC1, NDUFS3, UQCRC1, UQCRC2 and UQCRFS1 were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL8 were enriched in the chemokine signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. ITGA3, ITGA6, ITGB4, ITGB5, ITGB6 and ITGB8 were enriched in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway. DEGs co-expressed with lnc-SCD-1:13, lnc-LRR1-1:2, lnc-PTMS-1:3, lnc-S100P-3:1, lnc-AP000974.1-1:1 and lnc-RAB3IL1-2:1 were enriched in the pathways associated with cancer, such as the basal cell carcinoma pathway in cancer. In conclusion, these DEGs and differentially expressed lncRNAs may be important in the celecoxib treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Wang XY, Wang LL, Zheng X, Meng LN, Lyu B, Jin HF. Expression of p-STAT3 and vascular endothelial growth factor in MNNG-induced precancerous lesions and gastric tumors in rats. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:305-313. [PMID: 26989466 PMCID: PMC4789616 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the dynamic expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the formation of gastric tumors induced by drinking water containing N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Wistar rats.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (60 in each group): Control group and Model group. The rats in each group were then randomly divided into three groups (20 in each group): C/M15, C/M25 and C/M40 (15, 25 and 40 represent the number of feeding weeks from termination). Rats in the control group received normal drinking water and rats in the model group received drinking water containing 100 μg/mL MNNG. Stomach tissues were collected at the end of the 15th, 25th and 40th week, respectively, for microscopic measurement using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF in different pathological types of gastric tissue, including normal, inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and gastric stromal tumor, was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the corelation between p-STAT3 and VEGF was analyzed.
RESULTS: (1) The expression of p-STAT3 in tissue with gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia and gastric stromal tumor were significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group (2.5 ± 1.0, 2.75 ± 0.36, 6.2 ± 0.45, 5.67 ± 0.55 vs 0.75 ± 0.36, P = 0.026, 0.035, 0.001, 0.002, respectively); the expression of p-STAT3 in tissue with dysplasia was higher than that in samples with gastritis or atrophy (6.2 ± 0.45 vs 2.5 ± 1.0, P = 0.006; 6.2 ± 0.45 vs 2.75 ± 0.36, P = 0.005, respectively); however, the expression of p-STAT3 in gastritis and atrophy was not significantly different (P > 0.05); (2) the expression of VEGF in tissue with gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia and gastric stromal tumor was significantly increased in the model group compared with normal gastric mucosa; and the expression of VEGF in tissue with dysplasia was higher than that in tissue with inflammation and atrophy (10.8 ± 1.96 vs 7.62 ± 0.25, P = 0.029; 10.8 ± 1.96 vs 6.26 ± 0.76, P = 0.033, respectively); similarly, the expression of VEGF in tissue with gastritis and atrophy was not significantly different (P > 0.05); and (3) the expression of VEGF was positively correlated with p-STAT3.
CONCLUSION: p-STAT3 plays an important role in gastric cancer formation by regulating the expression of VEGF to promote the progression of gastric tumor from gastritis.
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Salehifar E, Hosseinimehr SJ. The use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for improvement of efficacy of radiotherapy in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:654-62. [PMID: 26955911 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in cancer cells and is associated with carcinogenesis and maintenance of progressive tumour growth as well as resistance of cancer cells to ionising radiation (IR). COX-2 inhibitors can attenuate tumour growth and expression of markers of cell proliferation as well as induce apoptosis in tumour cells. These agents can have a synergistic effect with IR in the killing of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the rational basis and molecular mechanisms regarding the usefulness of COX-2 inhibitors in cancer therapy, and also their potential role in increasing the therapeutic index of chemoradiation by protecting normal cells and sensitising tumour cells to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Salehifar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Skierucha M, Milne ANA, Offerhaus GJA, Polkowski WP, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Molecular alterations in gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2460-74. [PMID: 26937134 PMCID: PMC4768192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with a global burden of 723000 deaths in 2012. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are numerous possible factors that stimulate the pro-carcinogenic activity of important genes. These factors include genetic susceptibility expressed in a single-nucleotide polymorphism, various acquired mutations (chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, somatic gene mutations, epigenetic alterations) and environmental circumstances (e.g., Helicobcter pylori infection, EBV infection, diet, and smoking). Most of the aforementioned pathways overlap, and authors agree that a clear-cut pathway for GC may not exist. Thus, the categorization of carcinogenic events is complicated. Lately, it has been claimed that research on early-onset gastric carcinoma (EOGC) and hereditary GC may contribute towards unravelling some part of the mystery of the GC molecular pattern because young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens and because carcinogenesis in this setting may be more dependent on genetic factors. The comparison of various aspects that differ and coexist in EOGCs and conventional GCs might enable scientists to: distinguish which features in the pathway of gastric carcinogenesis are modifiable, discover specific GC markers and identify a specific target. This review provides a summary of the data published thus far concerning the molecular characteristics of GC and highlights the outstanding features of EOGC.
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Recapitulating Human Gastric Cancer Pathogenesis: Experimental Models of Gastric Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 908:441-78. [PMID: 27573785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41388-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the various experimental models to study gastric cancer pathogenesis, with the role of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) used as the major examples. We review differences in human stomach anatomy compared to the stomachs of the experimental models, including the mouse and invertebrate models such as Drosophila and C. elegans. The contribution of major signaling pathways, e.g., Notch, Hedgehog, AKT/PI3K is discussed in the context of their potential contribution to foregut tumorigenesis. We critically examine the rationale behind specific GEMMs, chemical carcinogens, dietary promoters, Helicobacter infection, and direct mutagenesis of relevant oncogenes and tumor suppressor that have been developed to study gastric cancer pathogenesis. Despite species differences, more efficient and effective models to test specific genes and pathways disrupted in human gastric carcinogenesis have yet to emerge. As we better understand these species differences, "humanized" versions of mouse models will more closely approximate human gastric cancer pathogenesis. Towards that end, epigenetic marks on chromatin, the gut microbiota, and ways of manipulating the immune system will likely move center stage, permitting greater overlap between rodent and human cancer phenotypes thus providing a unified progression model.
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Li JW, Tan MTK, Ang TL, Teo EK. Chemoprevention trials of GI cancers in Asia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:967-78. [PMID: 26651257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with gastrointestinal (GI) luminal cancers accounting for a large proportion of cancer incidence. Chemoprevention of GI luminal cancers is important to reduce this cancer burden. Screening for and eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in areas with high gastric cancer incidence is a safe and effective strategy to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori also seems to be effective in preventing metachronous cancer development after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. For the average risk individual, COX inhibitors may have a role in reducing the incidence of adenoma formation as well as colorectal cancer, bearing in mind its inherent risks. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend a chemoprevention agent against esophageal and small intestine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weiquan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Eng Kiong Teo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
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Zhang Y, Pan KF, Zhang L, Ma JL, Zhou T, Li JY, Shen L, You WC. Helicobacter pylori, cyclooxygenase-2 and evolution of gastric lesions: results from an intervention trial in China. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1572-9. [PMID: 26449252 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the process of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis, a prospective study based on an intervention trial was conducted in Linqu County, China. A total of 1401 subjects with histopathologic diagnosis were investigated at baseline, among those, 919 completed subsequent interventions (anti-H.pylori and/or celecoxib treatment). Expressions of COX-2 and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and PGE2 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay before and after interventions, respectively. We found a grade-response relationship between COX-2 expression level and risk of advanced gastric lesions at baseline. Stratified analysis indicated an additive interaction between COX-2 expression and H.pylori infection on the elevated risk of advanced gastric lesions. The odds ratios (ORs) for both factors combined were 9.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.13-20.95] for chronic atrophic gastritis, 16.26 (95% CI: 7.29-36.24) for intestinal metaplasia and 21.13 (95% CI: 7.87-56.75) for dysplasia, respectively. After interventions, COX-2 expression and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) were decreased in anti-H.pylori group (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.36-1.99 for COX-2; OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.49-2.12 for Ki-67) or anti-H.pylori followed by celecoxib group (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17-1.70 for COX-2; OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.37-1.94 for Ki-67). PGE2 levels were decreased in all treatment groups. Furthermore, the regression of gastric lesions was associated with the decrease of COX-2 expression or Ki-67 LI after interventions. Our findings indicate that H.pylori-induced COX-2/PGE2 pathways play an important role on the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ji-You Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology and
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Aziz F, Yang X, Wang X, Yan Q. Anti-LeY antibody enhances therapeutic efficacy of celecoxib against gastric cancer by downregulation of MAPKs/COX-2 signaling pathway: correlation with clinical study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:1221-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shao Y, Sun K, Xu W, Li XL, Shen H, Sun WH. Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12860-12873. [PMID: 25278683 PMCID: PMC4177468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor lesions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk.
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Lima AFD, Lourenço LG, Matos D, Rodrigues CFDS. Effect of the celexoxib in microscopic changes of the esophageal mucosal of rats induced by esofagojejunostomy. Rev Col Bras Cir 2014; 41:193-7. [PMID: 25140651 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912014000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of celecoxib in the esophageal mucosa in rats undergoing esofagojejunostomy. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats from the vivarium of the University of Health Sciences of Alagoas were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups: Group I, 15 rats undergoing esofagojejunostomy with the use of celecoxib postoperatively; Group II, 15 rats undergoing esofagojejunostomy without the use of celecoxib; Group III, 15 rats undergoing celiotomy with bowel manipulation; and Group IV, 15 rats without surgery and using celecoxib. The observation period was 90 days. After the death of the animals, the distal segment of the esophagus was resected and sent for microscopic analysis. RESULTS esofagojejunostomy caused macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis. Esophagitis was equal in both groups I and II. In groups III and IV esophageal lesions were not developed. CONCLUSIONS celecoxib had neither protective nor inducing effect on esophagitis, but had a protective effect on dysplasia of the animals of group I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Délcio Matos
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Escola Paulista de Medicina
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XIANG HONGGANG, XIE XIAO, HU FENGQING, XIAO HAIBO, ZHANG WENJIE, CHEN LEI. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition as a strategy for treating gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1140-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Symeonidis N, Papakonstantinou E, Psarras K, Ballas K, Pavlidis T, Karakiulakis G, Sakantamis A. The effect of celecoxib administration on the healing and neovascularization of colonic anastomosis in rats. J INVEST SURG 2014; 27:139-46. [PMID: 24087846 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.842268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether the perioperative administration of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib affects the angiogenetic process and the healing of colonic anastomoses. METHODS Seventy-two male Wistar rats underwent colonic resection and anastomosis. Celecoxib (10 mg/kg/day-celecoxib group) or placebo (control group) was administered perioperatively. Rats of both groups were sacrificed on either the third or the seventh postoperative day and bursting pressures of the anastomoses were measured. Gelatine-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were identified with gelatine zymography, and proMMP-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels from both anastomotic site and tissue adjacent to the anastomosis were evaluated. Histologic evaluation of microvessels was performed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Celecoxib did not significantly decrease anastomotic bursting pressures. Gelatin zymography revealed the presence of MMP-2, proMMP-2, and proMMP-9. MMP concentration was higher at the anastomotic tissue as compared with tissue distant to the anastomosis. Celecoxib resulted in a significant reduction in proMMP-2 levels at the anastomosis at both third and seventh postoperative day. VEGF levels from the anastomotic tissue were also found lower in the celecoxib group. Histological examination showed a celecoxib-induced reduction of newly formed CD34-stained vessels. CONCLUSIONS Although the perioperative administration of celecoxib resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in the newly formed anastomoses, bursting pressures remained unaffected and subsequently safety was not compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Symeonidis
- Second Propedeutical Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Lu L, Chan RLY, Luo XM, Wu WKK, Shin VY, Cho CH. Animal models of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. Life Sci 2014; 108:1-6. [PMID: 24825611 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cancer are the two major disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. They are causally related in their pathogenesis. It is important to study animal models' causal relationship and, in particular, to discover new therapeutic agents for such diseases. There are several criteria for these models in order to make them useful in better understanding the etiology and treatment of the said diseases in humans. In this regard, animal models should be similar as possible to human diseases and also be easy to produce and reproducible and also economic to allow a continuous replication in different laboratories. In this review, we summarize the various animal models for inflammatory and cancerous disorders in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Experimental approaches are as simple as by giving a single oral dose of alcohol or other noxious agents or by injections of multiple dosages of ulcer inducing agents or by parenteral administration or in drinking water of carcinogens or by modifying the genetic makeups of animals to produce relatively long-term pathological changes in particular organs. With these methods they could induce consistent inflammatory responses or tumorigenesis in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These animal models are widely used in laboratories in understanding the pathogenesis as well as the mechanisms of action for therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L Y Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X M Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kitasato A, Kuroki T, Adachi T, Ono S, Tanaka T, Tsuneoka N, Hirabaru M, Takatsuki M, Eguchi S. A Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor (Etodolac) Prevents Spontaneous Biliary Tumorigenesis in a Hamster Bilioenterostomy Model. Eur Surg Res 2014; 52:73-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000362542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mutoh H, Sashikawa M, Sakamoto H, Tateno T. Cyclooxygenase 2 in gastric carcinoma is expressed in doublecortin- and CaM kinase-like-1-positive tuft cells. Gut Liver 2014; 8:508-18. [PMID: 25228975 PMCID: PMC4164254 DOI: 10.5009/gnl13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCAMKL1) is a marker of stem cells expressed predominantly in the crypt base in the intestine. However, DCAMKL1-positive cells have been shown to be differentiated tuft cells rather than quiescent progenitors. Tuft cells are the only epithelial cells that express cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the normal intestinal epithelium. We previously generated Cdx2-transgenic mice as model mice for intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma. In the current study, we investigated the association between COX-2 and DCAMKL1 in gastric carcinoma. Methods We examined the association between COX-2 and DCAMKL1 expression in gastric carcinomas in clinical samples (early gastric well-differentiated adenocarcinoma) and Cdx2-transgenic mice; and the DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomach using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The COX-2-expressing cells were scattered, not diffusely expressed, in gastric carcinomas from humans and Cdx2-transgenic mice. DCAMKL1-positive cells were also scattered in the gastric carcinomas, indicating that tuft cells could still be present in gastric carcinoma. COX-2 was expressed in DCAMKL1-positive tuft cells in Cdx2- and DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomachs, whereas the Sox9 transcription factor was ubiquitously expressed in gastric carcinomas, including COX-2-positive cells. Conclusions COX-2 is expressed in DCAMKL1-expressing quiescent tuft cells in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mutoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miho Sashikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tateno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Han X, Li H, Su L, Zhu W, Xu W, Li K, Zhao Q, Yang H, Liu H. Effect of celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with gastric cancer. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:183-187. [PMID: 24649093 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Little is known regarding the clinical benefits of combining celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, with standard chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of gastric cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of the combinatorial use of celecoxib with standard chemotherapy on the serum levels of VEGF and COX-2 in patients with gastric cancer. In our study, 80 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery were randomized into two groups, the combination [celecoxib plus standard oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX4) chemotherapy, n=40] and the FOLFOX4 alone (n=40) groups. In the combination group, celecoxib was orally administered to the patients (400 mg, twice daily). The serum levels of VEGF and COX-2 were measured by ELISA prior to and following surgery. We detected no significant difference in the serum levels of VEGF and COX-2 between the combination and FOLFOX4 alone groups prior to chemotherapy (P>0.05). However, after 6 cycles of chemotherapy, there was a greater decrease in the serum levels of VEGF and COX-2 in the combination group compared to those in the FOLFOX4 group (P<0.01). In addition, the serum levels of VEGF and COX-2 were closely correlated in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma prior to treatment. Our data indicated that, when combined with standard chemotherapy, celecoxib may reduce the serum levels of VEGF and COX-2, suggesting that COX-2 inhibitors may be of therapeutic value through the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and the prevention of recurrence or metastasis. Thus, celecoxib may be a useful adjuvant agent to standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Han
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Wankun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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Kim J, Kim N, Park JH, Chang H, Kim JY, Lee DH, Kim JM, Kim JS, Jung HC. The Effect of Helicobacter pylori on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Induced Signal Transduction and the Preventive Effect of Celecoxib in Gastric Cancer Cells. Gut Liver 2013; 7:552-9. [PMID: 24073313 PMCID: PMC3782670 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.5.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori infection induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression, and these factors may engage in cross-talk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori on EGFR signaling pathways and to determine whether celecoxib has an inhibitory effect on this pathway. Methods The AGS cell line was cocultured with H. pylori G27 and the isogenic cagE- mutant. The expression of COX-2, EGFR, heparin binding-epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was measured by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Next, Western blot analyses of COX-2, EGFR, total Akt, phosphorylated Akt (pAkt), and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK3β) were performed after incubating H. pylori-treated AGS cells for 24 hours with various concentrations of celecoxib (0, 10, 20, and 30 µmol/L). Results H. pylori infection upregulated the mRNA levels of COX-2, EGFR, HB-EGF, and TGF-β, as detected by RT-PCR. However, AGS cells treated with cagE- mutants, which have a defective type IV secretion system, did not exhibit EGFR upregulation. Celecoxib had inhibitory effects on the H. pylori-induced overexpression of COX-2 (p=0.015), EGFR (p=0.025), pAkt (p=0.025), and pGSK3β (p=0.029) by Western blot analysis. Conclusions H. pylori with an intact type IV secretion system activated the COX-2 and EGFR-Akt pathways in the AGS cell line. As celecoxib exhibited inhibitory effects on the EGFR signaling pathway, the cross-talk of COX-2 and EGFR likely mediates H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Udd L, Gao Y, Ristimäki AP, Mäkelä TP. N-methylnitrosourea aggravates gastrointestinal polyposis in Lkb1+/- mice. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2409-14. [PMID: 23722652 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers patients develop hamartomatous polyps and carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Cyclooxygenase-2 accelerates polyp growth in Lkb1 (+/-) mice modelling Peutz-Jeghers polyposis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the mutagenic carcinogen N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) on gastrointestinal tumourigenesis in Lkb1 (+/-) mice and to investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 on the tumourigenesis. We treated 40 Lkb1 (+/-) and 51 wild-type mice with MNU, 10 mice from both groups received the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Carcinogen-treated Lkb1 (+/-) mice displayed worse survival (60%) than treated wild-type (100%, P = 0.028) or untreated Lkb1 (+/-) mice (92%, P = 0.045). Also, the gastrointestinal tumour burden was almost 10-fold higher in carcinogen-treated (2181 mm(3)) than in untreated (237 mm(3), P = 0.00045) Lkb1 (+/-) mice. Celecoxib was much less efficient in reducing tumourigenesis in MNU-treated mice (by 23%; 1686 mm(3)) than in untreated mice (76%; 58 mm(3)). Surprisingly, the increase in tumour burden in MNU-treated mice was not accompanied by consistent histological changes, with only a single focus of epithelial dysplasia noted. This study suggests that MNU promotes Peutz-Jeghers polyposis independently from the acceleration by cyclooxygenase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Udd
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland and
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Luo W, Zhang R, Xu Y, Guo Q, Jin J. WITHDRAWN: Survivin, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9-activated proteins kinases in apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2013:S0141-8130(13)00222-5. [PMID: 23603084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Luo
- Department of life science, Taizhou city, ZheJiang province, China
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Sheu BS, Tsai YC, Wu CT, Chang WL, Cheng HC, Yang HB. Long-term celecoxib can prevent the progression of persistent gastric intestinal metaplasia After H. pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2013; 18:117-23. [PMID: 23067366 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal metaplasia (IM) has overexpressions of COX-2. Short-term 8-week celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, exerts a preliminary hint to improve regression in part for persistent IM after Helicobacter pylori eradication. This study further validated whether or not a prolonged duration of celecoxib of up to 1 year can be safe and effective. METHODS One hundred and forty patients, with persistent IM after H. pylori eradication for 1 year, were included with half of them receiving celecoxib 200 mg/day for 12 months and the other half serving as controls. Each patient received serial checkups of blood creatinine levels every 4 months. After the 1-year follow-up, panendoscopy was repeated to assess the IM regression. The serial gastric specimens, taken before and after celecoxib therapy, were immunochemically stained for COX-2. RESULTS The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses to the rates of IM regression were higher in the celecoxib group than in the controls (ITT: 44.3% [31/70] vs 14.3% [10/70], p < .001; and PP: 51.7% [31/60] vs 16.1% [10/62], p < .001). All enrolled patients had no renal impairment during follow-up. Even in the patients without IM regression, the mean IM scores and COX-2 expressions were significantly more decreased in the celecoxib group than in the controls (p < .005). CONCLUSION One year 200-mg celecoxib daily be safely administered to improve the regression or prevent the progression of persistent IM after H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hayakawa Y, Fox JG, Gonda T, Worthley DL, Muthupalani S, Wang TC. Mouse models of gastric cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:92-130. [PMID: 24216700 PMCID: PMC3730302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of numerous types of cancers. Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a poor prognosis and high incidence of drug-resistance. However, most inbred strains of mice have proven resistant to gastric carcinogenesis. To establish useful models which mimic human gastric cancer phenotypes, investigators have utilized animals infected with Helicobacter species and treated with carcinogens. In addition, by exploiting genetic engineering, a variety of transgenic and knockout mouse models of gastric cancer have emerged, such as INS-GAS mice and TFF1 knockout mice. Investigators have used the combination of carcinogens and gene alteration to accelerate gastric cancer development, but rarely do mouse models show an aggressive and metastatic gastric cancer phenotype that could be relevant to preclinical studies, which may require more specific targeting of gastric progenitor cells. Here, we review current gastric carcinogenesis mouse models and provide our future perspectives on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Milan M, Pauletto M, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L, Marin MG, Matozzo V. Gene transcription and biomarker responses in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure to ibuprofen. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:17-29. [PMID: 23143037 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are a class of emerging environmental contaminants that continuously enter aquatic environments. Presently, little information is available about the effects of these substances on non-target organisms, such as bivalves. We investigated the effects of ibuprofen (IBU) on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Clams were exposed for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days to 0, 100 and 1000 μgIBU/L, and established biomarker responses (haemolymph lysozyme, gill acetylcholinesterase and digestive gland superoxide dismutase activities) as well as digestive gland transcriptome were evaluated. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of both "IBU concentration" and "exposure duration" on biomarker responses. Overall, the enzyme activities were generally lower in IBU-exposed clams than in controls. Although limited knowledge of the mollusc transcriptome makes it difficult to interpret the effects of IBU on clams, the gene transcription analysis using DNA microarrays enabled the identification of the putative molecular mode of action of the IBU. The functional analysis of differentially transcribed genes suggests that IBU can interfere with various signalling pathways in clams, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, apoptosis, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors, and nuclear factor-kappa B. In addition, several genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics (e.g., glutathione S-transferase, sulfotransferase, cytochrome P450) were also found to be significantly affected by IBU exposure. In summary, the integrated approach of gene transcription analysis and biomarker responses facilitated the elucidation of the putative mechanisms of action of IBU in non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Bathaie SZ, Miri H, Mohagheghi MA, Mokhtari- Dizaji M, Shahbazfar AA, Hasanzadeh H. Saffron Aqueous Extract Inhibits the Chemically-induced Gastric Cancer Progression in the Wistar Albino Rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 16:27-38. [PMID: 23638290 PMCID: PMC3637902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Gastric cancer is the first and second leading cause of cancer related death in Iranian men and women, respectively. Gastric cancer management is based on the surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the present study, for the first time, the beneficial effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract (SAE) on the 1-Methyl -3- nitro -1- nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric cancer in rat was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS MNNG was used to induce gastric cancer and then, different concentrations of SAE were administered to rats. After sacrificing, the stomach tissue was investigated by both pathologist and flow cytometry, and several biochemical parameters was determined in the plasma (or serum) and stomach of rats. RESULTS Pathologic data indicated the induction of cancer at different stages from hyperplasia to adenoma in rats; and the inhibition of cancer progression in the gastric tissue by SAE administration; so that, 20% of cancerous rats treated with higher doses of SAE was completely normal at the end of experiment and there was no rat with adenoma in the SAE treated groups. In addition, the results of the flow cytometry/ propidium iodide staining showed that the apoptosis/proliferation ratio was increased due to the SAE treatment of cancerous rats. Moreover, the significantly increased serum LDH and decreased plasma antioxidant activity due to cancer induction fell backwards after treatment of rats with SAE. But changes in the other parameters (Ca(2+), tyrosine kinase activity and carcino-embryonic antigen) were not significant. CONCLUSION SAE inhibits the progression of gastric cancer in rats, in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: S. Zahra Bathaie, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-8288-3851; Fax: +98-21-82884555; or
| | - Hamidreza Miri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Mohagheghi
- The Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Mokhtari- Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Chen M, Yu L, Gu C, Zhong D, Wu S, Liu S. Celecoxib antagonizes the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in human gastric cancer cells by decreasing intracellular cisplatin accumulation. Cancer Lett 2012; 329:189-96. [PMID: 23142285 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for the treatment of gastric cancer. The benefit of including COX-2-selective inhibitors in cisplatin-based regimens on anti-cancer effect remains uncertain. In the present study, celecoxib and SC-236 antagonized cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, whereas indomethancin and nimesulide exerted no effect, implying a COX-2-independent mechanism. Celecoxib decreased whole-cell cisplatin accumulation and DNA platination, resulting from reduced influx. In addition, combined treatment did not elicit greater antitumor activity than cisplatin or celecoxib monotherapy in vivo in a gastric xenograft model. Therefore, treatment strategies with celecoxib in combination with cisplatin should act cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Yang J, Chen B, Gu Y. Pharmacological evaluation of tea polysaccharides with antioxidant activity in gastric cancer mice. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:943-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Choi HS, Seo HS, Kim JH, Um JY, Shin YC, Ko SG. Ethanol extract of paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (PSE) induced AGS human gastric cancer cell apoptosis via fas-dependent apoptosis and MDM2-p53 pathways. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:82. [PMID: 22963678 PMCID: PMC3536600 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (PSE), also known as Moutan Cortex, has been widely used in Asia to treat various diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which PSE exerts its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are well known, but its anti-cancer activity is not yet well understood. Here, we present evidence demonstrating that PSE can be used as a potent anti-cancer agent to treat gastric cancer. Methods The effects of the ethanol extract of PSE on cell proliferation were determined using an MTT (1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan) assay. Cell cytotoxicity induced by the PSE extact is measured using an LDH leakage assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and to measure the subG0/G1 apoptotic cell fraction. Apoptosis induced by the PSE extact is also examined using a DNA fragmentation assay. Western blot analysis is used to measure the levels of apoptotic proteins such as Fas receptor, caspase-8, caspase-3, PARP, Bax, Bcl-2, MDM2, and p53. Results This study demonstrated that treating AGS cells with the PSE extact significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PSE extract also induced apoptosis in AGS cells, as measured by flow cytometry and a DNA fragmentation assay. We found that the PSE extract induced apoptosis via the extrinsic Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway, which was concurrent with the activation of caspases, including caspase-8 and caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. The MDM2-p53 pathway also played a role in the apoptosis of AGS cells that was induced by the PSE extract. Conclusions These results clearly demonstrate that the PSE extact displays growth-suppressive activity and induces apoptosis in AGS cells. Our data suggest that the PSE extact might be a potential anti-cancer agent for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Sim Choi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University
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Wang W, Chin-Sheng H, Kuo LJ, Wei PL, Lien YC, Lin FY, Liu HH, Ho YS, Wu CH, Chang YJ. NNK enhances cell migration through α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor accompanied by increased of fibronectin expression in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19 Suppl 3:S580-8. [PMID: 21969082 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-2064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we intended to dissect the mechanism of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-enhanced migration of gastric cancer. Smoking has been defined as a risk factor for gastric cancer. Tobacco-specific carcinogen, NNK, was reported to enhance cancer progression in gastric cancer. Currently, metastasis is the major issue for clinical cancer therapy, but the influence of NNK on the migration of gastric cancer remains to be determined. METHODS The expression of nicotinic receptor in gastric cancer cells was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The influence of NNK on migration of gastric cancer cells was evaluated by the transwell migration assay system. Receptor-mediated migration was studied by both inhibitor and small interfering RNA. RESULTS Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), was identified higher than alpha9-nAChR in gastric cancer cell lines, AGS cells. NNK enhanced significantly gastric cancer cell migration in transwell assay. We used inhibitor and siRNA to demonstrate that alpha7-nAChR mediated NNK-enhanced gastric cancer cell migration and upregulation of fibronectin were involved in NNK-enhanced migration of gastric cancer cells. Finally, we found that silenced fibronectin expression level inhibited the migratory ability in AGS cells. CONCLUSIONS NNK enhanced gastric cancer metastasis through alpha7-nAChR and fibronectin-one of the hallmarks of epithelial mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tseng YC, Tsai YH, Tseng MJ, Hsu KW, Yang MC, Huang KH, Li AFY, Chi CW, Hsieh RH, Ku HH, Yeh TS. Notch2-induced COX-2 expression enhancing gastric cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:939-51. [PMID: 21976141 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common and mortal types of malignancy worldwide. To date, the mechanisms controlling its aggressiveness are not yet fully understood. Notch signal pathway can function as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis. Four members (Notch1-4) of Notch receptors were found in mammals and each exhibits distinct roles in tumor progression. Previous study showed that the activated Notch1 receptor promoted gastric cancer progression through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study addressed whether Notch2 signal pathway is also involved in gastric cancer progression. Constitutive expression of Notch2 intracellular domain (N2IC), the activated form of Notch2 receptor, promoted both cell proliferation and xenografted tumor growth of human stomach adenocarcinoma SC-M1 cells. The colony formation, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of SC-M1 cells were enhanced by N2IC expression, whereas these abilities were suppressed by Notch2 knockdown. Similarly, Notch2 knockdown inhibited cancer progressions of AGS and AZ521 gastric cancer cells. Expression of N2IC also caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SC-M1 cells. Furthermore, N2IC bound to COX-2 promoter and induced COX-2 expression through a CBF1-dependent manner in SC-M1 cells. The ability of N2IC to enhance tumor progression in SC-M1 cells was suppressed by knockdown of COX-2 or treatment with NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor. Moreover, the suppression of tumor progression by Notch2 knockdown in SC-M1 cells was reversed by exogenous COX-2 or its major enzymatic product PGE(2) . Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that the Notch2-COX-2 signaling axis plays an important role in controlling gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chien Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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