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Ryan LM, Lindstrom Johnson S, Jones V, Fein JA, Cheng TL. Is Household Composition Associated With Repeat Fight Injuries in Adolescents Living in Urban Neighborhoods? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP7637-NP7652. [PMID: 30767650 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519829768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The association of household composition with violence-related injury risk has not been explored in the at-risk urban adolescent population. We hypothesize that, similar to the unintentional risk association, higher adult:child ratio, lower household size, and the presence of a grandparent are protective and thus associated with lower risk for repeat fight injury in this population. This is a cross-sectional study of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents who were evaluated in two urban, pediatric emergency departments (EDs; Baltimore, MD, Philadelphia, PA) for a peer fight-related injury between June 2014 and June 2016. Logistic regression was used to test for associations between each household composition measure of interest and youth self-report of a medically attended fight-related injury within the prior 12 months. Of 187 eligible youth, 62 (33%) reported at least one such repeat fight-related injury. With control for potential confounders, youth with past fight injuries did not differ in adult:child ratio (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.9, 1.9] ) or household size (adj OR = 0.9, 95% CI: [0.8, 1.1]) but were more likely to have a grandparent residing in the household (adj OR = 3.3, 95% CI: [1.4, 7.9]). Our data demonstrate a positive association between presence of a grandparent in the household and risk for repeat fight injury in urban adolescents without a corresponding association with adult:child ratio or total household size. Further study should explore differences among the households of urban adolescents with and without grandparent presence to further understand this association and define the mechanisms that may contribute to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Manning Ryan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Vanya Jones
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel A Fein
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Unintentional Injuries and Sociodemographic Factors among Households in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:1587654. [PMID: 33343668 PMCID: PMC7732401 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1587654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Unintentional injuries are a public health problem throughout the world including Africa. Most of the injury studies in Ethiopia are from the healthcare facility or workplace that does not reflect the problem at the community level. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the unintentional injuries and sociodemographic factors among households in Ethiopia. Methods This study was done from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about unintentional injuries and injury mechanisms in the past 12 months among 16,650 households. The selection of households was from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using a stratified cluster sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data and the chi-square test was applied as a test of significance and a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result Of the 16,650 households that participated in the study, 394 (2.4%) reported that at least one household member suffered from an unintentional injury in the past 12 months. The leading mechanisms of injury were unintentional falls (152 falls, 33.2%) and road traffic incidents (96 incidents, 21.0%). Among household members who were injured, 84.3% survived and 15.7% died because of the injury. Divorce marital status of the household head [AOR: 2.12, 95% CI (1.12–4.41)] and family size of the household ≥ 6 [AOR:1.65, 95% CI (1.21–2.26)] were associated with high likelihood of occurrence of an injury, while lowest household wealth index [AOR: 0.69, 95% CI (0.50–0.95)] was protective against injuries. Conclusion A low prevalence of unintentional injury was found from the community in this survey, which might be due to the tendency of the community to report severe injuries. Fall and road traffic accidents were the leading mechanisms of selected sociodemographic factors of the households that were associated with unintentional injuries. Injury prevention efforts should focus on falls and transportation injuries with special attention to the sociodemographic context of the communities.
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Treviño-Siller S, Pacheco-Magaña LE, Bonilla-Fernández P, Rueda-Neria C, Arenas-Monreal L. An educational intervention in road safety among children and teenagers in Mexico. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2017; 18:164-170. [PMID: 27575522 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1224344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe a public school-based educational intervention (EI) designed to increase knowledge, improve attitudes, and change practices related to road safety. METHODS We used a mixed-methods evaluation of a road traffic safety baseline diagnosis conducted in 4 public schools, 2 primary and 2 secondary. Research was organized into 4 phases: (1) diagnosis, (2) EI design, (3) implementation, and (4) evaluation. We used convenience sampling (n = 219 students) across schools and applied a pre-/posttest design based on quantitative and qualitative data. The former related to surveys on road safety experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and practice and the latter to observation checklists, community mapping, ethnography, and focus groups. To compare pre-post scores, we used multilevel mixed-effect ordinal logistic regressions. We developed data matrices, field notes, and systematized community mapping. We also transcribed focus group discussions, generated categories, and carried out thematic analysis. RESULTS Ethnography indicated poor sidewalk conditions, no helmet or seat belt use, overcrowded public transportation, and no traffic lights or proper signals. Pedestrians did not use sidewalks and crossed streets unsafely. Subsequent to the intervention, however, the study population showed significant changes in their knowledge, practices, and attitudes. They identified road traffic incidents (RTIs) as the first cause of death among children and youth, and most understood that the solution to the problem was incumbent upon each and every individual. They also displayed increased perceptions of danger in practices such as traveling on overcrowded public transportation, failing to wear seat belts in cars and helmets on motorcycles, crossing the street while using mobile phones or playing with friends, and riding with drunk drivers. Changes varied according to gender, and students reported being able to carry out safe practices only when they were in control of the situation; for instance, as pedestrians. CONCLUSIONS Because safe practices depend not only on children and youth but on the adults and social environment surrounding them, it is essential to engage parents, teachers, and decision makers in efforts to reduce RTIs. This will improve the establishment of commitments to impact social reality through consistent changes and mobilize greater resources for creating more secure communities in matters of road safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Treviño-Siller
- a Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud , Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - L E Pacheco-Magaña
- a Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud , Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - P Bonilla-Fernández
- a Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud , Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - C Rueda-Neria
- a Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud , Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
| | - L Arenas-Monreal
- a Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud , Cuernavaca , Morelos , Mexico
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Hurtado Sierra DE, Medina Chicue EM, Sarmiento Limas CA, Godoy JA. Factores de riesgo relacionados con accidentes pediátricos en un hospital infantil de Bogotá. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2015. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v17n1.37064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>Objetivo</strong> Describir los factores de riesgo biofísicos y socioculturales relacionados con la accidentalidad del paciente pediátrico.</p><p><strong>Método</strong> Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Recolección de los datos a través de aplicación de encuestas en forma directa.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong> Se analizaron 308 encuestas, diligenciadas entre los meses de febrero a abril del año 2010. Los adolescentes fueron el grupo más afectado (33,5 %), el género masculino registró el mayor número de traumas (64,7 %). El principal tipo de familia fue el nuclear 52 %, el 34,9 % de los pacientes pertenecían al estrato 2 y el 46,6 % se encontraba al cuidado de la madre al momento del accidente. El 84 % de los cuidadores tenían más de 5 años de estudio, el 47 % considero que el sitio más inseguro para un niño es la vía pública y el 76,8 % manifestó nunca haber recibido información sobre prevención de accidentes. El accidente más frecuente fue la caída de altura 54,7 % y el sitio con mayor número de traumas fue el hogar 51 %.</p><p><strong>Discusión</strong> Las características demográficas y factores socioculturales del presente estudio difieren de los reportes de grandes estudios de lesiones no intencionales. </p>
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Pérez-Núñez R, Híjar M, Celis A, Hidalgo-Solórzano E. El estado de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito en México: evidencias para fortalecer la estrategia mexicana de seguridad vial. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2014; 30:911-25. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00026113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediante la revisión de información secundaria oficial, publicaciones científicas y el análisis de la ENSANut-2012, este trabajo busca proveer una visión integral de la magnitud actual de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito (LCT) en México y analizar críticamente la respuesta social organizada. Las altas tasas de choques, lesiones, muertes y discapacidad atribuidas a este problema de salud pública, representan un elevado costo para la sociedad mexicana, en especial para los hogares. Se discute cómo la respuesta mexicana se ha enfocado a los automovilistas, dejando fuera a usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública y se ha privilegiado la implementación de estrategias poco efectivas. A pesar de que se dispone de legislación para los principales factores de riesgo, se ha descuidado su correcta aplicación. La estrategia mexicana podría fortalecerse implementando estrategias de movilidad seguras, equitativas, saludables y sostenibles para los diferentes actores de la vía pública. A pesar de los avances que se han dado en términos de prevención de LCT, existen aún retos y oportunidades para el país.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Híjar
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, México; Fundación Entornos A.C., México
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Sehat M, Naieni KH, Asadi-Lari M, Foroushani AR, Malek-Afzali H. Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Traffic Accidents in Metropolitan Tehran: A Population-based Study. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:181-90. [PMID: 22448311 PMCID: PMC3309632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based estimates of traffic accidents (TAs) are not readily available for developing countries. This study examined the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) to the risk of TA among Iranian adults. METHODS A total of 64,200people aged ≥18years were identified from 2008 Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) survey. 22,128 households were interviewed to estimate the overall annual incidence, severity and socioeconomic determinants of TAs for males and females in Iranian capital over the preceding year. Wealth index and house value index were constructed for economic measurement. Weighted estimates were computed adjusting for complex survey design. Logistic regression models were used to examine individual and SES measures as potential determinants of TAs in adults. RESULTS The overall incidence of traffic accident was 17.3(95% CI 16.0, 18.7) per 1000 per year. TA rate in men and women was 22.6(95% CI 20.6, 24.8) and 11.8(95% CI 10.4, 13.2), respectively. The overall TA mortality rate was 26.6(95% CI 13.4, 39.8) per 100,000 person-years, which was almost three times higher in men than that for women (40.4 vs. 12.1 per 100,000person-years). Lower economic level was associated with increased incidence and mortality of TA. Association between SES and incidence, and severity and mortality of TA were identified. CONCLUSION TAs occur more in lower socioeconomic layers of the society. This should be taken seriously into consideration by policy makers, so that preventive programs aimed at behavioral modifications in the society are promoted to decrease the health and economic burden imposed by TAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Sehat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Holakouie Naieni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, And Oncopathology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Malek-Afzali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dandona R, Kumar GA, Ameratunga S, Dandona L. Road use pattern and risk factors for non-fatal road traffic injuries among children in urban India. Injury 2011; 42:97-103. [PMID: 21584975 PMCID: PMC3020275 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the road use pattern and incidence and risk factors of non-fatal road traffic injuries (RTI) among children aged 5–14 years in Hyderabad, India. METHODS In a cross-sectional population-based survey, data were collected on 2809 participants aged 5–14 years (98.4% participation) selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants recalled non-fatal RTI during the previous 3 and 12 months. RTI was defined as an injury resulting from a road traffic crash irrespective of severity and outcome. RESULTS Boys (11.5) had a higher mean number of road trips per day than girls (9.6), and the latter were more likely to walk and less likely to use a cycle (p < 0.001). With increasing household income quartile,the proportion of trips using cycles or motorised two-wheeled vehicles increased while trips as pedestrians decreased (p < 0.001). Based on the 3-month recall period, the age-sex-adjusted annual rate of RTI requiring recovery period of >7 days was 5.8% (95% CI 4.9–6.6). Boys and girls had similar RTI rates as pedestrians but boys had a three times higher rate as cyclists. Considering the most recent RTI in the last 12 months, children of the highest household income quartile were significantly less likely to sustain pedestrian RTI (0.26, 95% CI 0.08–0.86). The odds of overall RTI were significantly higher for those who rode a cycle (2.45, 95% CI 1.75–3.42) and who currently drove a motorised two-wheeled vehicle (2.83,95% CI 1.60–5.00). CONCLUSION These findings can assist in planning appropriate road safety initiatives to reduce cycle and pedestrian RTI among children to reduce RTI burden in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
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Howe LD, Huttly SRA, Abramsky T. Risk factors for injuries in young children in four developing countries: the Young Lives Study. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:1557-66. [PMID: 17002730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the occurrence of child injury in four developing country settings and to explore potential risk factors for injury. METHODS Injury occurrence was studied in cohorts of 2000 children of age 6-17 months at enrolment, in each of Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India (Andhra Pradesh). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore potential risk factors for child injury. RESULTS Occurrence of child injury was high in all countries. Caregiver depression emerged as a consistent risk factor for all types of injury measured (burns, serious falls, broken bones and near-fatal injury) across all countries. Other risk factors also showed consistent associations, including long-term child health problems, region of residence and the regular care of the child by a non-household member. CONCLUSIONS This report provides further evidence of the importance of childhood injury in developing countries and emphasizes the importance of including infants in injury research and prevention strategies. It provides strong evidence of an association between caregiver mental health and child injury risk and contributes to the limited knowledge base on risk factors for child injury in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Howe
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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