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A Phase II Study on the Effect of Taurisolo® Administered via AEROsol in Hospitalized Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia: The TAEROVID-19 Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091499. [PMID: 35563805 PMCID: PMC9101184 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyphenols are the largest class of bioactive compounds in plants, which are synthesized as secondary metabolites. In the last few years, interesting studies have demonstrated the efficacy of polyphenols against coronavirus infections. Methods: we conducted a phase II multicentric clinical trial (TAEROVID-19) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to assess the safety and feasibility of Taurisolo® aerosol formulation in hospitalized patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Results: we observed a rapid decline of symptoms and a low rate of intensive care in patients treated with Taurisolo®, with a faster decline of symptoms. Conclusions: This is the first trial assessing the safety and feasibility of Taurisolo® aerosol formulation. We could argue that this treatment could act as an add-on therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, owing to both its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Further controlled trials are needed, which may be of interest to evaluate the compound’s efficacy.
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Luong AD, Buzid A, Vashist SK, Luong JHT. Perspectives on electrochemical biosensing of COVID-19. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021; 30:100794. [PMID: 34250313 PMCID: PMC8254385 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of human coronavirus disease 2019, termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 infection, is urgently needed for containment strategy owing to its unprecedented spreading. Novel biosensors can be deployed in remote clinical settings without central facilities for infection screening. Electrochemical biosensors serve as analytical tools for rapid detection of viral structure proteins, mainly spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, human immune responses, reactive oxygen species, viral ribonucleic acid, polymerase chain reaction by-products, and other potential biomarkers. The development of point-of-care testing devices is challenging due to the requirement of extensive validation, a time-consuming and expensive step. Together with specific biorecognition molecules, nanomaterial-based biosensors have emerged for the fast detection of early viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Luong
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
| | - Alyah Buzid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep K Vashist
- Pictor Pvt. Ltd., 24 Balfour Road Parnell, Auckland, 1052, New Zealand
| | - John H T Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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Zuo L, Wijegunawardana D. Redox Role of ROS and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:187-204. [PMID: 34019270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), either derived from exogenous sources or overproduced endogenously, can disrupt the body's antioxidant defenses leading to compromised redox homeostasis. The lungs are highly susceptible to ROS-mediated damage. Oxidative stress (OS) caused by this redox imbalance leads to the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OS causes damage to important cellular components in terms of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA histone modification. Inflammation further enhances ROS production inducing changes in transcriptional factors which mediate cellular stress response pathways. This deviation from normal cell function contributes to the detrimental pathological characteristics often seen in pulmonary diseases. Although antioxidant therapies are feasible approaches in alleviating OS-related lung impairment, a comprehensive understanding of the updated role of ROS in pulmonary inflammation is vital for the development of optimal treatments. In this chapter, we review the major pulmonary diseases-including COPD, asthma, ARDS, COVID-19, and lung cancer-as well as their association with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- College of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Lab, University of Maine, Presque Isle Campus, Presque Isle, ME, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Miripour ZS, Sarrami-Forooshani R, Sanati H, Makarem J, Taheri MS, Shojaeian F, Eskafi AH, Abbasvandi F, Namdar N, Ghafari H, Aghaee P, Zandi A, Faramarzpour M, Hoseinyazdi M, Tayebi M, Abdolahad M. Real-time diagnosis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fresh sputum by electrochemical tracing; correlation between COVID-19 and viral-induced ROS in lung/respiratory epithelium during this pandemic. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112435. [PMID: 32729548 PMCID: PMC7341050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the shocking viral pandemics of this year which affected the health, economy, communications, and all aspects of social activities all over the world. Early diagnosis of this viral disease is very important since it can prevent lots of mortalities and care consumption. The functional similarities between COVID-19 and COVID-2 in inducing acute respiratory syndrome lightened our mind to find a diagnostic mechanism based on early traces of mitochondrial ROS overproduction as lung cells' dysfunctions induced by the virus. We designed a simple electrochemical sensor to selectively detect the intensity of ROS in the sputum sample (with a volume of less than 500 μl). Comparing the results of the sensor with clinical diagnostics of more than 140 normal and involved cases resulted in a response calibration with accuracy and sensitivity both 97%. Testing the sensor in more than 4 hospitals shed promising lights in ROS based real-time tracing of COVID-19 from the sputum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Miripour
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sanati
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Makarem
- Department of Anesthesia, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 1417653761, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Sanei Taheri
- Department of Radiology, Shohada Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 1445613131, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shojaeian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 1985717443, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Hasanzadeh Eskafi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Biotechnology Department, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. BOX: 131694-3551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Namdar
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghafari
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Aghaee
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Zandi
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Hoseinyazdi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 71348-14336, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahtab Tayebi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
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Pambuccian SE. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 9:202-211. [PMID: 32284276 PMCID: PMC7104051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The infection has predominantly respiratory transmission and is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces or fomites. The alarming spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease that it may cause have led to the widespread institution of social distancing measures. Because of repeated exposure to potentially infectious patients and specimens, health care and laboratory personnel are particularly susceptible to contract COVID-19. This review paper provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge about the disease and its pathology, and the potential presence of the virus in cytology specimens. It also discusses the measures that cytology laboratories can take to function during the pandemic, and minimize the risk to their personnel, trainees, and pathologists. In addition, it explores potential means to continue to educate trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan E Pambuccian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.
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Martínez-Girón R, Pantanowitz L. Lower respiratory tract viral infections: Diagnostic role of exfoliative cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:614-620. [PMID: 28247571 PMCID: PMC7163526 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral lower respiratory tract infections (VLRTI) remain one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For many years, the diagnosis of VLRTI was based on laboratory techniques such as viral isolation in cell culture, antigen detection by direct fluorescent antibody staining, and rapid enzyme immunoassay. Radiological imaging and morphology also play an important role in diagnosing these infections. Exfoliative cytology provides a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and valuable means to diagnose and manage VLRTI. Here we review viral‐associated cytomorphological changes seen in exfoliated cells of the lower respiratory tract. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:614–620. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martínez-Girón
- INCLÍNICA Foundation for Clinical, Pneumological and Carcinogenic Research, Oviedo, 16. 33007, Spain
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Shadyside, UPMC Cancer Pavilion Suite 201, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Tseng CTK, Tseng J, Perrone L, Worthy M, Popov V, Peters CJ. Apical entry and release of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in polarized Calu-3 lung epithelial cells. J Virol 2005; 79:9470-9. [PMID: 16014910 PMCID: PMC1181546 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.15.9470-9479.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) known as SARS-CoV, is a contagious and life-threatening respiratory illness with pneumocytes as its main target. A full understanding of how SARS-CoV would interact with lung epithelial cells will be vital for advancing our knowledge of SARS pathogenesis. However, an in vitro model of SARS-CoV infection using relevant lung epithelial cells is not yet available, making it difficult to dissect the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV in the lungs. Here, we report that SARS-CoV can productively infect human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells, causing cytopathic effects, a process reflective of its natural course of infection in the lungs. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed a preferential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), the functional receptor of SARS-CoV, on the apical surface. Importantly, both ACE-2 and viral antigen appeared to preferentially colocalize at the apical domain of infected cells. In highly polarized Calu-3 cells grown on the membrane inserts, we found that cells exposed to virus through the apical rather than the basolateral surface showed high levels of viral replication. Progeny virus was released into the apical chamber at titers up to 5 logs higher than those recovered from the basolateral chambers of polarized cultures. Taken together, these results indicate that SARS-CoV almost exclusively entered and was released from the apical domain of polarized Calu-3 cells, which might provide important insight into the mechanism of transmission and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te K Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-0609, USA.
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Tse GMK, To KF, Chan PKS, Lo AWI, Ng KC, Wu A, Lee N, Wong HC, Mak SM, Chan KF, Hui DSC, Sung JJY, Ng HK. Pulmonary pathological features in coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:260-5. [PMID: 14990596 PMCID: PMC1770245 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.013276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) became a worldwide outbreak with a mortality of 9.2%. This new human emergent infectious disease is dominated by severe lower respiratory illness and is aetiologically linked to a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV). METHODS Pulmonary pathology and clinical correlates were investigated in seven patients who died of SARS in whom there was a strong epidemiological link. Investigations include a review of clinical features, morphological assessment, histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings, ultrastructural study, and virological investigations in postmortem tissue. RESULTS Positive viral culture for coronavirus was detected in most premortem nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens (five of six) and postmortem lung tissues (two of seven). Viral particles, consistent with coronavirus, could be detected in lung pneumocytes in most of the patients. These features suggested that pneumocytes are probably the primary target of infection. The pathological features were dominated by diffuse alveolar damage, with the presence of multinucleated pneumocytes. Fibrogranulation tissue proliferation in small airways and airspaces (bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia-like lesions) in subpleural locations was also seen in some patients. CONCLUSIONS Viable SARS-CoV could be isolated from postmortem tissues. Postmortem examination allows tissue to be sampled for virological investigations and ultrastructural examination, and when coupled with the appropriate lung morphological changes, is valuable to confirm the diagnosis of SARS-CoV, particularly in clinically unapparent or suspicious but unconfirmed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M-K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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