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Mormile R. COVID-19 myocarditis and lasting heart damage: is deregulation of the Beclin1-Survivin axis the critical step of pathogenesis? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:681-683. [PMID: 34253135 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1955352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy
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Troponin T amino acid mutation (ΔK210) knock-in mice as a neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy model. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:846-857. [PMID: 32563186 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children is often associated with poor morbidity and mortality and exhibits distinct pathological entities from those of adult DCM. Owing to the limited number of patients and the lack of a good animal model, the molecular mechanisms underlying pediatric DCM remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to establish an animal model of neonatal DCM and identify early progression factors. METHODS Cardiac phenotypes and comprehensive gene expression profiles in homozygous ΔK210 knock-in (TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210) mice were analyzed and compared to TNNT2+/ΔK210 and wild-type mice at 0 days and 1 week of age. RESULTS Immediately after birth, the cardiac weight in TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210 mice was already increased compared to that in TNNT2+/ΔK210 and wild-type mice. Echocardiographic examination of 0-day-old and 1-week-old TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210 mice revealed similar phenotypes of pediatric DCM. In addition, several genes were significantly upregulated in the ventricular tissues of TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210 mice, and the KEGG PATHWAY analysis revealed several important pathways such as cancer and focal adhesion that might be associated with the pathogenesis and development of DCM. CONCLUSIONS TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210 mice have already developed DCM at birth, indicating that they should be an excellent animal model to identify early progression factors of DCM. IMPACT TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210 mice are excellent animal model for DCM. TNNT2ΔK210/ΔK210 mice are excellent animal model to identify early progression factors of DCM. KEGG PATHWAY analysis revealed that several important pathways such as cancer and focal adhesion might be associated with the pathogenesis and development of neonatal DCM.
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Wang Q, Zhu Q, Ye Q, Wang J, Dong Q, Chen Y, Wang M, Fu Y, Wu R, Wu T. STAT3 Suppresses Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis in CVB3-Induced Myocarditis Via Survivin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613883. [PMID: 33658937 PMCID: PMC7919905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a common inflammatory cardiovascular disease with unclear mechanisms, which mainly affects children and adolescents. Apoptosis is the key to CVB3-induced myocarditis, and blocking this process may be beneficial to the therapy of VMC. Hence, this study aimed to explore the protective function of STAT3 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis of VMC and its underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: In this research, we confirmed that STAT3 was significantly activated in both animal and cell models of VMC. To further clarify what role did STAT3 play in VMC, AG490, an inhibitor of STAT3, was used to suppress p-STAT3. Our results demonstrated that decreased expression of p-STAT3 caused by AG490 significantly aggravated severity of VMC with elevated myocardial inflammation, deteriorative ventricular systolic function and increased mortality. It suggested that STAT3 plays a protective role in VMC. To further identify the anti-apoptosis impact that activated STAT3 made, we constructed lentivirus to regulate the expression of STAT3 in NMCs. We found that up-regulated activated STAT3 attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but down-regulated one aggravated that, which verified activated STAT3 played an anti-apoptosis role in VMC. Following that, we explored what elements are involved in the anti-apoptotic mechanism of activated STAT3 by using survivin inhibitor YM155. The result showed the anti-apoptotic effect of activated STAT3 does not work in the case of survivin inhibition. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated STAT3 by targeting survivin alleviated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in CVB3-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongjun Zhu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaofang Ye
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Dong
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Youran Chen
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minna Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu J, Cui Y, Yu S, Huang Y, Liu P, Song L, Sun J, Zhang Q, He J. Survivin expression and localization in different organs of yaks (Bos grunniens). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 268:80-87. [PMID: 30077795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Yaks (Bos grunniens) have special physiological structures that help them adapt to high-altitude environments. Survivin is actively studied in cancer tissues, but less in normal tissues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analysis the relationship between survivin expression and apoptosis rate in yaks. A partial gene sequence of survivin was cloned and characterized using bioinformatics. The expression of survivin was investigated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot (WB) analysis and localized using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results revealed that in normal physiological organs, survivin is mainly expressed in cytoplasm and its expression was up-regulated with age. Its expression in heart and liver was higher than in other organs, such as spleen, lung, brain, kidney, and testis. It is noteworthy that the expression of survivin in spleen is differed from that in other organs. Therefore, we selected immune organs (lymph node, thymus and spleen) to investigate the relationship between survivin expression and apoptosis. Caspase-3 was used as a reference. Within the same age group, the expression of survivin was the highest in the spleen, but that of caspase-3 was the highest in the lymph node (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the IHC analysis revealed that survivin and caspase-3 are expressed in the same location (mainly in the cytoplasm, Hassall's corpuscles, the medulla of the lymph node, the red pulp and marginal zone of the spleen. More importantly, survivin expression was down-regulated with age in immune organs, and the opposite trend was observed for caspase-3 expression (P < 0.01). The results proved that the expression of survivin and caspase-3 is down- and up-regulated with age, respectively, suggesting that survivin and caspase-3 might coordinating and participating in slowing down the rate of apoptosis rate in immune organs of healthy yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Yan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Penggang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Liangli Song
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Juan Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Junfeng He
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Marković D, Jevtović-Stoimenov T, Ćosić V, Stošić B, Dinić V, Marković-Živković B, Janković RJ. Clinical Utility of Survivin (BIRC5), Novel Cardiac Biomarker, as a Prognostic Tool Compared to High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Revised Lee Score in Elderly Patients Scheduled for Major Non-cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Pilot Study. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:110-120. [PMID: 30581346 PMCID: PMC6294091 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that survivin (BIRC5) is sensitive to the existence of previous ischemic heart disease, since it is activated in the process of tissue repair and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of survivin (BIRC5) as a new cardiac biomarker in the preoperative assessment of cardiovascular risk in comparison with clinically accepted cardiac biomarkers and one of the relevant clinical risk scores. METHODS We included 79 patients, female (41) and male (38), with the mean age of 71.35±6.89. Inclusion criteria: extensive non-cardiac surgery, general anesthesia, age >55 and at least one of the selected cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking and positive family history). Exclusion criteria: emergency surgical procedures and inability to understand and sign an informed consent. Blood sampling was performed 7 days prior surgery and levels of survivin (BIRC5), hsCRP and H-FABP were measured. RESULTS Revised Lee score was assessed based on data found in patients' history. Levels of survivin (BIRC5) were higher in deceased patients (P<0.05). It showed AUC=0.807 (95% CI, P<0.0005, 0.698-0.917), greater than both H-FABP and revised Lee index, and it increases the mortality prediction when used together with both biomarkers and revised Lee score. The determined cut-off value was 4 pg/mL and 92.86% of deceased patients had an increased level of survivin (BIRC5), (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Survivin (BIRC5) is a potential cardiac biomarker even in elderly patients without tumor, but it cannot be used independently. Further studies with a greater number of patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Marković
- Center for Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Clinical Center in Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Vladan Ćosić
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center in Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Biljana Stošić
- Department for Emergency Medicine, Medical School, University in Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vesna Dinić
- Center for Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Clinical Center in Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Radmilo J. Janković
- Department for Emergency Medicine, Medical School, University in Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Tsang TJ, Hsueh YC, Wei EI, Lundy DJ, Cheng B, Chen YT, Wang SS, Hsieh PC. Subcellular Localization of Survivin Determines Its Function in Cardiomyocytes. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4577-4590. [PMID: 29158846 PMCID: PMC5695150 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale:Reducing cardiomyocyte death and enhancing their proliferation after myocardial infarction is perhaps the single largest challenge for cardiac tissue regeneration. Survivin (SVV) is the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family but plays two important roles; inhibiting caspase-9 activation in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and regulating microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation during cell division. Genetic depletion of cardiac SVV leads to incomplete cardiomyocyte division and abnormal heart development. However, the function of SVV in adult hearts after myocardial infarction remains unclear. Methods: A homozygous inducible cardiomyocyte-specific SVV knockout transgenic mouse model was established through crossbreeding SVVflox/flox and αMHC-MCM transgenic mice. Adult mice received consecutive intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen to induce genetic removal of SVV in cardiomyocytes. A SVV overexpressing model was established via local delivery of SVV in wild-type mouse hearts. Results: We found that 30.82% of cardiomyocytes in the peri-infarct region of SVV knockout mice were apoptotic, significantly higher than the 22.18% in control mice. In addition, ejection fraction was 29.00±0.40% in knockout mice compared to 38.04±0.50% in control mice 21 days after myocardial infarction. On the contrary, locally overexpressing SVV in the heart improved cardiac functions. Unexpectedly, we found that altering the subcellular localization of SVV overexpression produced different outcomes. Overexpression of SVV in the cytoplasm decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas overexpression of SVV in the nucleus enhanced cardiac regeneration. The ejection fraction of mice overexpressing SVV was 36.58±0.91%, significantly higher than 28.18±1.70% in the GFP control group. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were only 4.63% in mouse overexpressing cytosolic SVV, compared to 9.31% in the GFP group, and activation of caspase-3 was also reduced. Moreover, mice overexpressing NLS-SVV exhibited a better ejection fraction (36.19±1.02%,) than GFP controls (26.69±0.75%). NLS-SVV enhanced H3P-positive cardiomyocytes in the border zone to 0.28%, compared to only 0.08% in GFP group, through interacting with Aurora B. Conclusions:We demonstrate the importance of SVV subcellular localization in regulating post-MI cardiac repair and regeneration. We hope that this will open new translational approaches through targeted delivery of SVV.
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Scheer A, Knauer SK, Verhaegh R. Survivin expression pattern in the intestine of normoxic and ischemic rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28615071 PMCID: PMC5471735 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, regulates mitosis and chromosome segregation. The expression of survivin proceeds during embryonic development and in addition has already been demonstrated in cancer cells. However, there is also evidence of survivin expression in differentiated tissues, including the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats. A study with human colon specimens exhibited survivin in most basal crypt epithelial cells of normal mucosa. There is rather limited information on survivin expression in the small intestine. In order to paint a more detailed and thus complete picture of survivin expression patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, we used an immunohistochemical approach in normal adult rat small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue. Moreover, to get deeper insights in the regulation of survivin expression after tissue damage, we also studied its expression in mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in male Wistar rats (six animals/group) by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min and subsequent reperfusion for 120 min. Paraffin sections of untreated or ischemically treated tissue were assessed immunohistochemically by survivin and Ki-67 staining. Results Survivin could be detected in the small intestine and ascending colon of the normoxia group. It was expressed mainly in the epithelial cells of the crypts and only marginally in the villi. The individual small intestinal segments studied revealed comparable staining intensities. Likewise, expression of survivin was detected in the ischemically damaged small intestine and ascending colon. The expression pattern corresponded to the normoxic animals, as far as verifiable due to the existing tissue damage. Comparison of the expression pattern of Ki-67, a protein that acts as a cellular marker for proliferation, and survivin demonstrated a coincidental localization of the two proteins in the small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue. Conclusions Survivin was expressed strongly in epithelial cells of small intestinal as well as ascending colonic tissue. Its expression was located in cells with a high proliferation rate and regenerative capacity. This further supports the decisive role of survivin in cell division. Surprisingly, the ischemically damaged small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue showed a comparably high expression level. These results suggest that there is already a maximal survivin expression under normal conditions. However, the intestine is able to maintain the regenerative capacity even in spite of an ischemic injury. These findings reflect the important relevance of an intact intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Scheer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
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Mormile R. Aspirin and Pancreatic Cancer-Letter. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:978. [PMID: 28506967 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy.
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Ashok A, Kanwar JR, Krishnan UM, Kanwar RK. SurR9C84A protects and recovers human cardiomyocytes from hypoxia induced apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:19-31. [PMID: 27816606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, as an anti-apoptotic protein and a cell cycle regulator, is recently gaining importance for its regenerative potential in salvaging injured hypoxic cells of vital organs such as heart. Different strategies are being employed to upregulate survivin expression in dying hypoxic cardiomyocytes. We investigated the cardioprotective potential of a cell permeable survivin mutant protein SurR9C84A, for the management of hypoxia mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, in a novel and clinically relevant model employing primary human cardiomyocytes (HCM). The aim of this research work was to study the efficacy and mechanism of SurR9C84A facilitated cardioprotection and regeneration in hypoxic HCM. To mimic hypoxic microenvironment in vitro, well characterized HCM were treated with 100µm (48h) cobalt chloride to induce hypoxia. Hypoxia induced (HI) HCM were further treated with SurR9C84A (1µg/mL) in order to analyse its cardioprotective efficacy. Confocal microscopy showed rapid internalization of SurR9C84A and scanning electron microscopy revealed the reinstatement of cytoskeleton projections in HI HCM. SurR9C84A treatment increased cell viability, reduced cell death via, apoptosis (Annexin-V assay), and downregulated free cardiac troponin T and MMP-9 expression. SurR9C84A also upregulated the expression of proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki-67) and downregulated mitochondrial depolarization and ROS levels thereby, impeding cell death. Human Apoptosis Array further revealed that SurR9C84A downregulated expression of pro-apoptotic markers and augmented expression of HSPs and HTRA2/Omi. SurR9C84A treatment led to enhanced levels of survivin, VEGF, PI3K and pAkt. SurR9C84A proved non-toxic to normoxic HCM, as validated through unaltered cell proliferation and other marker levels. Its pre-treatment exhibited lesser susceptibility to hypoxia/damage. SurR9C84A holds a promising clinical potential for human cardiomyocyte survival and proliferation following hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ashok
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Rd. WRB 5128, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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Mormile R. Neonates of diabetic mothers: The starting point for developing novel therapeutic approaches to ischemic heart and brain? Med Hypotheses 2016; 96:75-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ying Y, Zhu H, Liang Z, Ma X, Li S. GLP1 protects cardiomyocytes from palmitate-induced apoptosis via Akt/GSK3b/b-catenin pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:245-62. [PMID: 26386043 PMCID: PMC4621609 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by saturated palmitic acids contributes to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Beta-catenin (b-catenin) is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in survival/anti-apoptosis. However, its role in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) has been shown to exhibit potential cardioprotective properties. This study was designed to evaluate the role of b-catenin signalling in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of GLP1 on palmitate-stressed cardiomyocytes. Exposure of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to palmitate increased the fatty acid transporter CD36-mediated intracellular lipid accumulation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased accumulation and nuclear translocation of active b-catenin, and reduced expression of b-catenin target protein survivin and BCL2. These detrimental effects of palmitate were significantly attenuated by GLP1 co-treatment. However, the anti-apoptotic effects of GLP1 were markedly abolished when b-catenin was silenced with a specific short hairpin RNA. Furthermore, analysis of the upstream molecules and mechanisms responsible for GLP1-associated cardiac protection revealed that GLP1 restored the decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3b (GSK3b) in palmitate-stimulated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, inhibition of Akt with an Akt-specific inhibitor MK2206 or blockade of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) with a competitive antagonist exendin-(9-39) significantly abrogated the GLP1-mediated activation of GSK3b/b-catenin signalling, leading to increased apoptosis in palmitate-stressed cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our results demonstrated for the first time that the attenuated b-catenin signalling may contribute to palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while GLP1 can protect cardiomyocytes from palmitate-induced apoptosis through activation of GLP1R/Akt/GSK3b-mediated b-catenin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying
- School of MedicineShenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of GeriatricShenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- School of MedicineShenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of GeriatricShenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of MedicineShenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of GeriatricShenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China School of MedicineShenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of GeriatricShenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- School of MedicineShenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of GeriatricShenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- School of MedicineShenzhen University Diabetes Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of GeriatricShenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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Ho YS, Tsai WH, Lin FC, Huang WP, Lin LC, Wu SM, Liu YR, Chen WP. Cardioprotective Actions of TGFβRI Inhibition Through Stimulating Autocrine/Paracrine of Survivin and Inhibiting Wnt in Cardiac Progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 34:445-55. [PMID: 26418219 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. We found previously that A83-01, a TGFβRI inhibitor, could facilitate cardiac repair in post-MI mice and induce the expansion of a Nkx2.5 + cardiomyoblast population. This study aimed to investigate the key autocrine/paracrine factors regulated by A83-01 in the injured heart and the mechanism of cardioprotection by this molecule. Using a previously described transgenic Nkx2.5 enhancer-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice, we isolated cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) including Nkx2.5-GFP + (Nkx2.5+), sca1+, and Nkx2.5+/sca1 + cells. A83-01 was found to induce proliferation of these three subpopulations mainly through increasing Birc5 expression in the MEK/ERK-dependent pathway. Survivin, encoded by Birc5, could also directly proliferate Nkx2.5 + cells and enhance cultured cardiomyocytes viability. A83-01 could also reverse the downregulation of Birc5 in postinjured mice hearts (n = 6) to expand CPCs. Moreover, the increased Wnt3a in postinjured hearts could decrease CPCs, which could be reversed by A83-01 via inhibiting Fzd6 and Wnt1-induced signaling protein 1 expressions in CPCs. Next, we used inducible αMHC-cre/mTmG mice to label cardiomyocytes with GFP and nonmyocytes with RFP. We found A83-01 preserved more GFP + myocytes (68.6% ± 3.1% vs. 80.9% ± 3.0%; p < .05, n = 6) and fewer renewed RFP + myocytes (0.026% ± 0.005% vs. 0.062% ± 0.008%; p < .05, n = 6) in parallel with less cardiac fibrosis in isoprenaline-injected mice treated with A83-01. TGFβRI inhibition in an injured adult heart could both stimulate the autocrine/paracrine activity of survivin and inhibit Wnt in CPCs to mediate cardioprotection and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sian Ho
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Chiung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pang Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chun Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Liu Q, Li J, Jubair S, Wang D, Luo Y, Fan D, Janicki JS. Sparstolonin B attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation in cultured rat left ventricular tissue slices. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:433-9. [PMID: 25117676 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ischemia/reperfusion results in tissue damage, a rapid increase in cytokines and chemokines and inflammatory cell infiltration. Herein we investigated the ability of a selective TLR2/4 antagonist, Sparstolonin B (SsnB), to protect rat cultured left ventricular tissue (LV) slices from hypoxic injury by inhibiting the myocardial inflammatory response independent of inflammatory cell infiltration. METHODS AND RESULTS Media Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured to reflect hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity and cell injury with and without SsnB. Incubation with SsnB (15 and 30 μM) significantly reduced by 20 and 40%, respectively, the amount of LDH released from the hypoxic LV slices. TUNEL staining showed that SsnB significantly attenuated the levels of hypoxia-induced apoptotic cells from 61.5 ± 4.0 to 27.0 ± 2.1 (15 μM SsnB) and 23.5 ± 2.2 (30 μM SsnB) cells/unit area. Similarly, the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of ischemic areas in untreated hypoxic LV slices was increased 17 fold from 0.26± 0.09 to 4.41 ± 0.43%, while in hypoxic slices incubated with 15 and 30 μM of SsnB, the PAS positive ischemic areas were increased by only 6.4 fold to 1.66 ± 0.39% and 3.8 fold to 1.00 ± 0.22%, respectively. Rt-PCR confirmed that MCP1 and IL-6 expression during hypoxia was elevated by 2 and 4 fold, respectively, while their up-regulation was significantly inhibited (i.e., < 0.7 fold increase) by SsnB. CONCLUSION The selective TLR2/4 antagonist, Sparstolonin B, can substantially protect LV myocardium via its ability to inhibit injury resulting from hypoxic myocardial-generated inflammation. Accordingly SsnB has potential as a therapeutic agent for the attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Mormile R. And what about septin 9 (SEPT9) as a binding partner of survivin in heart regeneration? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:1269-70. [PMID: 24837489 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Cassis P, Solini S, Azzollini N, Aiello S, Rocchetta F, Conti S, Novelli R, Gagliardini E, Mister M, Rapezzi F, Rapezzi S, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Conway EM, Noris M. An unanticipated role for survivin in organ transplant damage. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1046-60. [PMID: 24731002 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major determinant of graft survival in kidney transplantation. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis that participates in the control of mitosis and cell cycle progression, has been implicated in renal protection and repair after I/R injury; however, no study has been performed in the transplant setting. We investigated the role of survivin in modulating posttransplant I/R injury in syngeneic and allogeneic kidney grafts, and studied whether protection from I/R injury impacted on the recipient immune system, on chronic allograft nephropathy and rejection. We used genetically engineered mice with survivin haploinsufficiency and WT mice in which survivin over-expression was induced by gene-delivery. Survivin haploinsufficiency in syngeneic grafts was associated with exuberant I/R tissue injury, which triggered inflammation eventually resulting in graft loss. Conversely, survivin over-expression in the grafts minimized I/R injury and dysfunction in syngeneic grafts and in a clinically relevant fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic combination. In the latter, survivin over-expression translated into limited anti-donor adaptive immune response and less long-term allograft injury with protection from renal parenchymal damage. Our data support survivin over-expression in the graft as a novel target for protocols aimed at limiting tissue damage at the time of transplant ultimately modulating the recipient immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cassis
- Centro Ricerche Trapianti, "Chiara Cucchi de Alessandri e Gilberto Crespi", IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
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Li X, Zhang X, Li X, Ding F, Ding J. The role of survivin in podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6657-73. [PMID: 24747598 PMCID: PMC4013653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which uniquely promotes mitosis and regulates apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that survivin also expresses in several normal adult cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the function of survivin in the terminally differentiated epithelial cells, podocytes. Methods Survivin expression and location were detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, western blot and fluorescence confocal microscopy methods in normal and injured mouse podocytes. Cyto-protection function of survivin was also studied in cultured podocyte injured by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), transfected with survivin siRNA to down-regulate survivin expression, or with survivin plasmid to transiently over-express survivin. Results In podocytes, PAN stimulated expressions of survivin and the apoptosis related molecule caspase 3. Knockdown of survivin expression by siRNA increased the activation of caspase 3, induced podocyte apoptosis and remarkable rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, over-expression of survivin inhibited PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Conclusion Our data provides the evidence that survivin plays an important role in protecting podocytes from apoptosis induced by PAN. The mechanism of survivin related anti-apoptosis may, at least partially, be through the activation of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
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Mormile R, Vittori G. Vitamin D intake and endometriosis: the good and the bad. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 177:152-3. [PMID: 24630295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Vittori
- Division of Gynecology - San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Lee PJH, Rudenko D, Kuliszewski MA, Liao C, Kabir MG, Connelly KA, Leong-Poi H. Survivin gene therapy attenuates left ventricular systolic dysfunction in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by reducing apoptosis and fibrosis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:423-33. [PMID: 24403316 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate anti-apoptotic gene therapy using ultrasound-mediated plasmid delivery of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, to prevent apoptosis and to attenuate left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in a model of heart failure induced by doxorubicin. METHODS AND RESULTS Effect of survivin transduction was investigated in vitro in rat cardiomyoblasts. After survivin transduction, survivin protein was detected in cell culture supernate confirming secretion of extracellular survivin. Under doxorubicin stimulation, survivin-transduced cells had significantly reduced apoptosis; however, incubation with survivin-conditioned media also showed reduced apoptosis that was absent with null-conditioned media. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was established in Fischer rats. Subsets of animals underwent ultrasound-mediated survivin gene delivery or empty vector gene delivery at Week 3. Control rats received doxorubicin alone. Animals were studied using PCR, immunohistochemistry, echocardiography, and invasive haemodynamic studies out to Week 6. By Week 6, LV % fractional shortening by echocardiography and systolic function by pressure-volume loops were greater in survivin treated when compared with control- and empty-treated animals. There was reduced apoptosis by TUNEL and caspase activity in survivin-treated animals compared with control and empty treated at Week 4, with reduced interstitial fibrosis at Week 6. CONCLUSION Survivin gene therapy can attenuate the progression of LV systolic dysfunction in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. This effect can be attributed to decreased myocyte apoptosis and prevention of maladaptive LV remodelling, by both direct myocyte transfection and potentially by paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J H Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 6-044 Donnelly Wing, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
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Mormile R, De Michele M, Squarcia U. Vitamin D and the heart: what is the truth? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:205-6. [PMID: 24025720 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fouad AA, Albuali WH, Al-Mulhim AS, Jresat I. Cardioprotective effect of cannabidiol in rats exposed to doxorubicin toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:347-357. [PMID: 23721741 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential protective effect of cannabidiol, the major non-psychotropic Cannabis constituent, was investigated against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats. Cardiotoxicity was induced by six equal doses of doxorubicin (2.5mgkg(-1) i.p., each) given at 48h intervals over two weeks to achieve a total dose of 15mgkg(-1). Cannabidiol treatment (5mgkg(-1)/day, i.p.) was started on the same day of doxorubicin administration and continued for four weeks. Cannabidiol significantly reduced the elevations of serum creatine kinase-MB and troponin T, and cardiac malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide and calcium ion levels, and attenuated the decreases in cardiac reduced glutathione, selenium and zinc ions. Histopathological examination showed that cannabidiol ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cannabidiol significantly reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-κB, Fas ligand and caspase-3, and increased the expression of survivin in cardiac tissue of doxorubicin-treated rats. These results indicate that cannabidiol represents a potential protective agent against doxorubicin cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed H Albuali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Iyad Jresat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Division, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Ferreira-Pinto MJ, Ferreira R, Henriques-Coelho T. Exploring the role of post-translational modifications on protein-protein interactions with survivin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:64-70. [PMID: 23938875 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family with crucial roles in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have a ubiquitous role in the regulation of a diverse range of proteins' cellular functions and survivin is not an exception. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination seem to regulate survivin anti-apoptotic and mitotic roles and also its nuclear localization. In the present review we explore the role of PTMs on protein-protein interactions focused on survivin to provide new insights into the functions and cell localization of this IAP in pathophysiological conditions, which might help the envisioning of novel targeted therapies for diseases characterized by impaired survivin activity. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed with bioinformatics tools based on published data aiming to give an integrated perspective of this IAP's role in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Li J, Zhang Y, Li C, Xie J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhang X, Jiang S, Liu L, Ding Z. HSPA12B attenuates cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after myocardial infarction through an eNOS-dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:674-84. [PMID: 23729663 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS HSPA12B is a newly discovered and endothelial-cell-specifically expressed heat shock protein. We have reported recently that overexpression of HSPA12B increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in mouse cardiac tissues during endotoxemia. Endothelial NOS has been shown to protect heart from ischaemic injury. We hypothesized that overexpression of HSPA12B will attenuate cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) through an eNOS-dependant mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the transgenic mice (Tg) overexpressing hspa12b gene and its wild-type (WT) littermates. Echocardiographic analysis revealed that Tg mice exhibited improvements in cardiac dysfunction and remodelling at 1 and 4 weeks after MI. These improvements were accompanied by a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increase in capillary and arteriolar densities. Significant up-regulation of eNOS, VEGF, Ang-1, and Bcl-2 was also observed in Tg hearts compared with WT hearts after MI. However, pharmacological inhibition of eNOS abolished the HSPA12B-induced decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increase in capillary formation after MI. Most importantly, inhibition of eNOS abrogated the protection of HSPA12B against cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after MI. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time that the overexpression of HSPA12B attenuates cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after MI. This action of HSPA12B was mediated, at least in part, by prevention of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promotion of myocardial angiogenesis via an eNOS-dependent mechanism. HSPA12B could be a novel target for the management of patients with post-MI cardiac dysfunction and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, China
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Charreau B. Signaling of endothelial cytoprotection in transplantation. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a key feature in the progression of heart disease. Stage B heart failure is characterized by a structurally abnormal heart in which the remodeled myocardium is prone to apoptosis. Elimination of the proapoptotic stimuli or inhibition of the apoptotic cascade could presumably rescue the myocardium and halt the progression of adverse remodeling and heart failure. In this article, the authors review the role of apoptosis (or programmed cell death) in determining the evolution of symptomatic heart failure and particularly the adverse remodeling in the aftermath of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Medical Center, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Surviving acute myocardial infarction (IMA): a match ruled by insulin and mitochondria? Int J Cardiol 2011; 150:226. [PMID: 21636152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Burn-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is survivin dependent and regulated by PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1207-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Liu CC, Jung SM, Orlandi A, Yeh TS, Lin YS, Shiu TF, Wu HH, Chu JJ, Lin PJ, Chu PH. The Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway in cardiac myxoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 18:493-8. [PMID: 21081533 DOI: 10.1177/1066896910379480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. The existence of apoptosis in cardiac myxoma has been demonstrated. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the pathway of apoptosis and the cell cycle in cardiac myxomas. This study had 2 parts: investigation of a cultured cardiac myxoma cell line and the analysis of data from 20 patients with cardiac myxoma that was surgically excised. Apoptosis signal transduction was determined by assessing DNA fragmentation, Fas ligand (FasL), Fas, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay through immunohistochemical stain, quantitative reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. The patient population consisted of 12 (60%) women and 8 (40%) men with a mean age of 46 years (range = 32-64 years). All cases of myxoma were sporadic myxomas rather than familial. Clinical presentations included asymptomatic (26%), dyspnea (44%), stroke (9%), chest pain (9%), and fever (11%). All myxomas were located in the left atrium. Pathological scores for inflammation, cellularity, calcification, and thrombosis were not related to myxoma location or clinical events. In cardiac myxoma, apoptosis documented by TUNEL (70.9% ± 17.6%) and the caspase-3 (66.5% ± 32.5%) final common pathway is characterized by the extrinsic Fas/ FasL dependent pathway (positive stained 70.9% ± 19.2%; 26.0% ± 17.2%, respectively), but not the intrinsic pathway. The RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis (Fas/FasL, TNF-α, caspase-3, and apoptosis) of the cardiac myxoma and cultured cardiac myxoma cells confirmed the immunochemical results. The extrinsic Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis pathways in cardiac myxomas were proved by both RNA and protein levels.
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Survivin signalling in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:6-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wohlschlaeger J, Meier B, Schmitz KJ, Takeda A, Takeda N, Vahlhaus C, Levkau B, Stypmann J, Schmid C, Werner Schmid K, Baba HA. Cardiomyocyte survivin protein expression is associated with cell size and DNA content in the failing human heart and is reversibly regulated after ventricular unloading. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:1286-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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IL-6 in human cytomegalovirus secretome promotes angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells through the stimulation of survivin. Blood 2010; 117:352-61. [PMID: 20930069 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-291245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is linked to the acceleration of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and transplant vasculopathy. One of the hallmarks of these diseases is angiogenesis (AG) and neovessel formation. Endothelial cells (ECs) are an integral part of AG and are sites of HCMV persistence. AG requires multiple synchronous processes that include EC proliferation, migration, and vessel stabilization. Virus-free supernatant (secretome) from HCMV-infected ECs induces AG. To identify factor(s) involved in this process, we performed a human cytokine array. Several cytokines were significantly induced in the HCMV secretomes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8/CXCL8. Using in vitro AG assays, neutralization of IL-6 significantly reduced neovessel formation. Addition of the HCMV secretome to preformed vessels extended neovessel survival, but this effect was blocked by neutralization of IL-6. In these cells, IL-6 prevented apoptosis by blocking caspase-3 and -7 activation through the induction of survivin. Neutralization of IL-6 receptor on ECs abolished the ability of HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression and activated effector caspases. Moreover, survivin shRNA expression induced rapid regression of tubule capillary networks in ECs stimulated with HCMV secretome and activated effector caspases. These observations may explain how CMV accelerates vascular disease despite limited infection in tissues.
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Fan L, Lin C, Zhuo S, Chen L, Liu N, Luo Y, Fang J, Huang Z, Lin Y, Chen J. Transplantation with survivin-engineered mesenchymal stem cells results in better prognosis in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 11:1023-30. [PMID: 19875403 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of survivin (SVV)-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on post-infarction cardiac performance and remodelling in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cells from male Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow were infected with the self-inactive lentiviral vector GFP-wre-CMV/LTR and Flap-Ubiqutin promoter (GCFU) carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and SVV recombinant vector (GCFU-SVV). In vitro, modification with SVV increased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by 1.28-fold under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, after permanent left anterior descending artery occlusion, rats were randomized (n = 18 per group) to receive intra-myocardial injections of 100 microL of phosphate-buffered saline without cells (group vehicle) or containing 2 million MSC(GFP) (group MSC(GFP)) or MSC(SVV) (group MSC(SVV)) cells. Cellular survival assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for GFP in the MSC(SVV) group was 2.5-fold higher at 7 days and 4.3-fold higher at 28 days after transplantation than in the MSC(GFP) group. When compared with transplantation with MSC(GFP), transplantation with MSC(SVV) further upregulated VEGF expression at 7 and 28 days after myocardial infarction (MI), increased capillary density by 38%, reduced the infarct size by 12.7%, significantly inhibited collagen deposition, and further improved cardiac function at 28 days after MI. CONCLUSION Transplantation with SVV-engineered MSCs by lentiviral vector leads to better prognosis for MI by enhancing cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Coronary Disease, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
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Zhuo Y, Chen PF, Zhang AZ, Zhong H, Chen CQ, Zhu YZ. Cardioprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide in ischemic reperfusion experimental rats and its influence on expression of survivin gene. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1406-10. [PMID: 19652381 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), as an endogenous gas signaling molecule with important biological function that has been found recently, may play a protection in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) myocardium. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of H(2)S in rats model of ischemic reperfusion in vivo and a probably influence on the expression of survivin, an anti-apoptosis gene. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups and received either vehicle, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) or DL-propargylglycine (PAG) respectively everyday for 1 week before surgery and the treatment continued for a further 2 d after I/R till the animals were sacrificed. We investigated the plasma H(2)S concentration and blood pressure, with the electrocardiogram (ECG) together, to prove the effect of H(2)S to the heart function. We also compared the heart infarct size and the expression of an anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, among groups. As the data shown, the NaHS group had great improvement in blood pressure and electrocardiogram situation. And the remarkable shrink of the infarct size and up-regulation of survivin in NaHS group comparing with the other two groups also showed the cardio protective effect of H(2)S in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Song Q, An X, Li D, Sodha NR, Boodhwani M, Tian Y, Sellke FW, Li J. Hyperglycemia attenuates angiogenic capability of survivin in endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:257-64. [PMID: 19716375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, can be induced by hypoxia and contributes to angiogenic activity in endothelial cells. To determine the potential mechanism of survivin in endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia in diabetes, we evaluated the role of survivin in hyperglycemia and its effect on endothelial homeostasis. We demonstrated that an increase of D-glucose was sufficient to down-regulate survivin expression, impacting survivin's angiogenic role in endothelial cells. We additionally showed that survivin expression was increased in response to hypoxia yet this reaction was mitigated when the endothelial cells were in hyperglycemic conditions prior to hypoxia. Hyperglycemia also affected survivin-related proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and increased the number of apoptotic cells. In the ischemic porcine myocardium, the expression of survivin was induced. Moreover, survivin expression in the aorta, myocardium, and isolated endothelial cells was attenuated in a porcine model of diabetes in comparison to non-diabetes, which correlated negatively with the levels of fasting blood sugars and positively with territory perfusion. These results demonstrate that hyperglycemia critically alters survivin expression in vitro and in vivo, which leads to attenuation of angiogenic activity and impacts endothelial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science Building, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tang C, Lu YH, Xie JH, Wang F, Zou JN, Yang JS, Xing YY, Xi T. Downregulation of survivin and activation of caspase-3 through the PI3K/Akt pathway in ursolic acid-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:249-58. [PMID: 19174695 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328327d476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene, is a potent in-vitro anticancer agent, acting through control of growth, apoptosis and differentiation. As the mechanism of its proapoptotic effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells has not been extensively studied, we performed an in depth evaluation of the effects of UA on apoptosis in human HepG2 cells. UA was found to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. After treatment, cells showed evidence of activation of apoptosis, including the presence of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation. UA-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant decrease in bcl-2 and survivin expression, with the corresponding ratio of bax/bcl-2 increased. The treatment with UA also increased the protein level and enzymatic activity of caspase-3. Z-DEVD-fmk, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited both the cytotoxic effect and the DNA fragmentation induced by UA, demonstrating the requirement for caspase-3 activity in UA-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway was also involved, as inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 significantly increased UA-induced apoptosis. Kinetic experiments indicated that UA downregulated PI3K/p85 subunit (PI3K/p85) and phospho-Akt, before downregulating survivin. The further results also confirmed that LY294002 not only downregulated survivin alone, but considerably enhanced the repression of survivin combined with UA. UA therefore seemed to downregulate the expression of survivin by blocking PI3K/Akt. Taken together, the data suggest that the proapoptotic effect of UA on HepG2 cells is mediated by activation of caspase-3, and is highly correlated with inactivation of PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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de Vries EGE, de Jong S. Exploiting the apoptotic route for cancer treatment: a single hit will rarely result in a home run. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:5151-3. [PMID: 18824700 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.18.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Levkau B, Schäfers M, Wohlschlaeger J, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Keul P, Hermann S, Kawaguchi N, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Stypmann J, Stegger L, Flögel U, Schrader J, Fischer JW, Fischer J, Hsieh P, Ou YL, Mehrhof F, Tiemann K, Ghanem A, Matus M, Neumann J, Heusch G, Schmid KW, Conway EM, Baba HA. Survivin determines cardiac function by controlling total cardiomyocyte number. Circulation 2008; 117:1583-93. [PMID: 18332262 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.734160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin inhibits apoptosis and regulates cell division in many organs, but its function in the heart is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that cardiac-specific deletion of survivin resulted in premature cardiac death. The underlying cause was a dramatic reduction in total cardiomyocyte numbers as determined by a stereological method for quantification of cells per organ. The resulting increased hemodynamic load per cell led to progressive heart failure as assessed by echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and invasive catheterization. The reduction in total cardiomyocyte number in alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC)-survivin(-/-) mice was due to an approximately 50% lower mitotic rate without increased apoptosis. This occurred at the expense of DNA accumulation because survivin-deficient cardiomyocytes displayed marked DNA polyploidy indicative of consecutive rounds of DNA replication without cell division. Survivin small interfering RNA knockdown in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes also led to polyploidization and cell cycle arrest without apoptosis. Adenoviral overexpression of survivin in cardiomyocytes inhibited doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, induced DNA synthesis, and promoted cell cycle progression. The phenotype of the alphaMHC-survivin(-/-) mice also allowed us to determine the minimum cardiomyocyte number sufficient for normal cardiac function. In human cardiomyopathy, survivin was potently induced in the failing heart and downregulated again after hemodynamic support by a left ventricular assist device. Its expression positively correlated with the mean cardiomyocyte DNA content. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the ontogenetically determined cardiomyocyte number may be an independent factor in the susceptibility to cardiac diseases. Through its profound impact on both cardiomyocyte replication and apoptosis, survivin may emerge as a promising new target for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Levkau
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen Germany.
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Lechler P, Wu X, Bernhardt W, Campean V, Gastiger S, Hackenbeck T, Klanke B, Weidemann A, Warnecke C, Amann K, Engehausen D, Willam C, Eckardt KU, Rödel F, Wiesener MS. The tumor gene survivin is highly expressed in adult renal tubular cells: implications for a pathophysiological role in the kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 171:1483-98. [PMID: 17982126 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin is of critical importance for regulation of cellular division and survival. Published data point to a restricted function of survivin in embryonic development and cancer; thus survivin has been broadly proposed as an ideal molecular target for specific anti-cancer therapy. In contrast to this paradigm, we report here broad expression of survivin in adult differentiated tissues, as demonstrated at the mRNA and protein levels. Focusing on the kidney, survivin is strongly expressed in proximal tubuli, particularly at the apical membrane, which can be verified in rat, mouse, and human kidneys. In the latter, survivin expression seems to be even stronger in proximal tubuli than in adjacent cancerous tissue. Primary and immortalized human renal tubular cells also showed high levels of survivin protein expression, and RNA interference resulted in a partial G(2)/M arrest of the cell cycle and increased rate of apoptosis. In conclusion, survivin may be of importance for renal pathophysiology and pathology. The predominant apical expression of survivin may indicate a further, yet unknown, function. Interventional strategies to inhibit survivin's function in malignancy need to be carefully (re)evaluated for renal side effects, as well as for other possible organ dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lechler
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Yao LL, Wang YG, Cai WJ, Yao T, Zhu YC. Survivin mediates the anti-apoptotic effect of delta-opioid receptor stimulation in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:895-907. [PMID: 17298978 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is known to be essential for cell division and to inhibit apoptosis during embryonic development and in adult cancerous tissues. However, the cardiovascular role of survivin is unknown. We observed that in cardiomyocytes cultured under conditions of serum and glucose deprivation (DEPV), the levels of survivin, Bcl-2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were positively correlated with the anti-apoptotic action of a delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin acetate (DADLE). By contrast, Bax translocation, mitochondrial membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were inversely correlated with the changes of survivin and Bcl-2. The use of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting survivin increased DEPV-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas the anti-apoptotic effect of DADLE was blunted by survivin RNAi. Moreover, survivin transfection and overexpression provided protection against DEPV-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK prevented the DADLE-induced decrease in apoptosis and Bax translocation, and increase in survivin and Bcl-2. DADLE-induced increase in survivin was also blunted by phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibition. In conclusion, the present study provides the first direct evidence of an anti-apoptotic role of survivin mediating the anti-apoptotic effect of delta-opioid receptor activation in cardiomyocytes. ERK and PI 3-kinase were found to be upstream regulators of survivin. Mitochondrial membranes as well as ROS, Bcl-2 and Bax were also involved in this anti-apoptotic action.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Serum-Free/pharmacology
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/physiology
- Models, Biological
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Survivin
- Time Factors
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ozisik K, Ozisik P, Yildirim E, Misirlioglu M, Tuncer S. Expression of antiapoptotic survivin and aven genes in rat heart tissue after traumatic brain injury. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:2784-7. [PMID: 17112829 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in ultrastructural damage in heart tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the two antiapoptotic signals "survivin" and "aven" in rat heart tissue following TBI, and comparing the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) and methylprednisolone (MPS). Thirty-six Wistar-Albino female rats weighing 190 to 230 g were randomly allocated into six groups: group 1 underwent head trauma with no treatment; group 2 and group 3, head trauma and intraperitoneally delivered EPO (1000 IU/kg) and MPS (30 mg/kg), respectively; group 4 (vehicle), head trauma and intraperitoneal albumin (0.4 mL/rat); groups 5 and 6, control and sham-operated groups, respectively. Three-hundred g-cm impact trauma was produced by the method of weight-drop. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to estimate survivin and aven gene expression at the total RNA level. Both survivin and aven were higher among the treatment than the trauma group (P = .0006, .0001 and P = .0038, .0033, respectively). Comparing survivin and aven between EPO and MPS treatment groups showed no significance (P = .3027, .2171, respectively). Also, both survivin and aven were significantly higher among the treatment than the vehicle, the control, or the sham-operated groups. These findings suggested that both EPO and MPS may play important roles in the expression of antiapoptotic survivin and aven genes in heart tissue after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozisik
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hahn JY, Cho HJ, Bae JW, Yuk HS, Kim KI, Park KW, Koo BK, Chae IH, Shin CS, Oh BH, Choi YS, Park YB, Kim HS. β-Catenin Overexpression Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size through Differential Effects on Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:30979-89. [PMID: 16920707 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603916200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-catenin is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in survival and proliferation. Although previous studies suggest that beta-catenin may be involved in the process of preconditioning and healing after myocardial infarction (MI), little is known regarding the role of beta-catenin in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. We investigated the role of beta-catenin in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts and whether beta-catenin overexpression could reduce MI size. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of nonphosphorylatable constitutively active beta-catenin (Ad-catenin) decreased apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts with increased expression of survivin and Bcl-2. Although Ad-catenin increased the percentage of cells in the S phase with enhanced expression of cyclin D1 and E2 in both cell types, the increase in cell number was only evident in cardiac fibroblasts, whereas hypertrophy and binuclear cells were more prominent in cardiomyocytes. All of these effects of beta-catenin gene transfer were blocked by inhibition of its nuclear translocation. Furthermore, Ad-catenin enhanced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in both cells and induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. In a rat MI model, injection of Ad-catenin into the infarct border zone resulted in a significantly decreased MI size with anti-apoptotic effect and cell cycle activation in both cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts. beta-Catenin may play an important role in the healing process after MI by promoting survival and cell cycle not only in cardiomyocytes but also in cardiac fibroblasts with its differentiation into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yong Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Abbate A, Scarpa S, Santini D, Palleiro J, Vasaturo F, Miller J, Morales C, Vetrovec GW, Baldi A. Myocardial expression of survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor, in aging and heart failure. An experimental study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Int J Cardiol 2006; 111:371-6. [PMID: 16257070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 07/24/2005] [Accepted: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis plays a major role in the transition to heart failure (HF) in systemic hypertension although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between apoptosis, left ventricular remodeling, heart failure and the myocyte expression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used as a model of hypertensive cardiopathy, and Wistar Kyoto Stars rats (WKY) were used as controls. Animals were allowed to survive up to 18 months of age. The animals underwent echocardiography (EDD, ESD and FS were measured). The median section of the heart was processed for in situ end-labeling of DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) and for survivin expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All SHR presented features of adverse cardiac remodeling. Apoptotic cells were increased in SHR compared with WKY, measured as apoptotic cells per high power field (1.08+/-0.43 vs. 0.27+/-0.15, P<0.001), and as apoptotic rate (0.16+/-0.06% vs. 0.04+/-0.02%, P<0.001). The incidence of apoptosis showed a positive correlation with unfavorable ventricular remodeling, assessed by echocardiogram. Survivin expression was found in all cases, but the survivin expression index was significantly lower in SHR vs. WKY (43+/-40% vs. 86+/-18%, respectively, P=0.014). Moreover the survivin expression index was inversely correlated with features of adverse remodeling (i.e., Heart Weight, R=-0.79, P<0.001) and with apoptosis (i.e., apoptotic rate, R=-0.52, P=0.050). CONCLUSION Survivin myocardial expression in aging SHR is associated with reduced apoptosis and more favorable cardiac remodeling. Modulation of this pathway may prove beneficial in preventing pressure overload cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abbate
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Ramachandran S, Desai NM, Goers TA, Benshoff N, Olack B, Shenoy S, Jendrisak MD, Chapman WC, Mohanakumar T. Improved islet yields from pancreas preserved in perflurocarbon is via inhibition of apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial pathway. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1696-703. [PMID: 16827873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a treatment option for type I diabetic patients. Preservation of human pancreata prior to islet isolation using two-layer method with perfluorocarbon (PFC) and University of Wisconsin solution (UW) results in twofold increase in islet yields. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which islets undergo apoptosis and determine PFC's effects on this process. Gene array analysis was used to analyze the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in islets isolated from pancreata preserved under varying conditions. A 12-fold increase in the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) and survivin was observed in islets isolated from pancreata preserved in PFC. This was accompanied by decreased expression of BAD (3.7-fold), BAX (2.7-fold) and caspases (5.2-fold). Levels of activated caspase-9 (77.98%), caspase-2 (61.5%), caspase-3 (68.3%) and caspase-8 (37.2%) were also reduced. 'Rescue' of pancreata after storage (12 h) in UW by preservation using PFC also resulted in a down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and inhibition of caspase activation. Apoptosis observed in islets from all groups was mainly mitochondria-dependent, mediated by change in redox potential initiated by hypoxia. We demonstrate that reduction in hypoxia of pancreata preserved using PFC leads to significant up-regulation of anti-apoptotic and inhibition of pro-apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramachandran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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