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Wang Y, Huang Y, Du R, Ge S, Li Y, Wang G, Wang Y, Yin T. The crosstalk between arterial components and the bioresorbable, 3-D printed poly-l-lactic acid scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5121-5133. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) are designed to provide a temporary support that subsequently leaves behind native vessels after their complete degradation. The accumulation of mechanical changes influences the vascular histological characteristics...
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Tan RP, Ryder I, Yang N, Lam YT, Santos M, Michael PL, Robinson DA, Ng MK, Wise SG. Macrophage Polarization as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Endovascular Intervention in Peripheral Artery Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:693-704. [PMID: 34466756 PMCID: PMC8385566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has a significant impact on human health, affecting 200 million people globally. Advanced PAD severely diminishes quality of life, affecting mobility, and in its most severe form leads to limb amputation and death. Treatment of PAD is among the least effective of all endovascular procedures in terms of long-term efficacy. Chronic inflammation is a key driver of PAD; however, stents and coated balloons eluting antiproliferative drugs are most commonly used. As a result, neither stents nor coated balloons produce durable clinical outcomes in the superficial femoral artery, and both have recently been associated with significantly increased mortality. This review summarizes the most common clinical approaches and limitations to treating PAD and highlights the necessity to address the underlying causes of inflammation, identifying macrophages as a novel therapeutic target in the next generation of endovascular PAD intervention.
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Key Words
- BMS, bare-metal stent
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- DES, drug-eluting stent
- FP, femoropopliteal
- IL, interleukin
- MI, myocardial infarction
- PAD, peripheral artery disease
- PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
- SFA, superficial femoral artery
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- drug-eluting balloon
- drug-eluting stent
- endovascular intervention
- macrophage polarization
- paclitaxel
- peripheral arterial disease
- vascular healing
- vascular inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Tan
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Richard P. Tan, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Isabelle Ryder
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nianji Yang
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuen Ting Lam
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miguel Santos
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Praveesuda L. Michael
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A. Robinson
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin K. Ng
- Department of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- Chronic Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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The Role of the Microbiota in the Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4128682. [PMID: 31205450 PMCID: PMC6530226 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4128682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus represent a major public health problem. Although many steps forward have been made to define the causes and to find the best possible therapies, the problem remains crucial. In recent years, more and more evidences have defined a link between microbiota and the initiation, promotion, and evolution of atherosclerotic disease, even in the diabetic scenario. There is an urgency to develop the knowledge of modern medicine about the link between gut microbiota and its host's metabolic pathways, and it would be useful to understand and justify the interindividual diversity of clinical disease presentation of diabetic vascular complication even if an optimization of pharmacological treatment has been made or in the case of young patients where hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are not able to justify a very quick progress of atherosclerotic process. The aim of the present review is to gather all the best available evidence in this regard and to define a new role of the microbiota in this field, from biomarker to possible therapeutic target.
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Asfar S, Shuaib A, Al-Otaibi F, Asfar SS, Kilarkaje N. A New Technique to Induce Experimental Myointimal Hyperplasia. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:415-419. [PMID: 30064141 PMCID: PMC6244029 DOI: 10.1159/000492575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial myointimal hyperplasia (MIH) has a significant impact on the long-term outcomes of vascular procedures such as bypass surgery and angioplasty. In this study, we describe a new and innovative technique to induce MIH using a dental flossing cachet in Wistar rats. METHODS The intimal damage in the common carotid artery was induced by inserting the tip of the dental flossing cachet through the external carotid artery into the common carotid artery and turning it on for 3 rounds of 20 s each (n = 10). After 2 weeks, the rats were anesthetized and the common carotid arteries of the experimental side and the contralateral side (control) were harvested and preserved for histopathological studies. RESULTS The experimental carotid arteries showed significant intimal proliferation and thickening compared to the controls. The intima/media ratio of the experimental and normal (control) common carotid arteries were 1.274 ± 0.162 and 0.089 ± 0.023 (mean ± SEM), respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This technique is simple, inexpensive, and highly reproducible and it induces sufficient MIH to study this phenomenon in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Asfar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Shuaib
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Ali Shuaib, Biomedical Engineering Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Kuwait City 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
| | - Fatemah Al-Otaibi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sora S. Asfar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Swier VJ, Tang L, Krueger KD, Radwan MM, Del Core MG, Agrawal DK. Coronary Injury Score Correlates with Proliferating Cells and Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression in Stented Porcine Coronary Arteries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138539. [PMID: 26382957 PMCID: PMC4575201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal formation and cell proliferation resulting into in-stent restenosis is a major pathophysiological event following the deployment of stents in the coronary arteries. In this study, we assessed the degree of injury, based on damage to internal elastic lamina, media, external elastic lamina, and adventitia following the intravascular stenting, and its relationship with the degree of smooth muscle cell proliferation. We examined the smooth muscle cell proliferation and their phenotype at different levels of stent injury in the coronary arteries of domestic swine fed a normal swine diet. Five weeks after stent implantation, swine with and without stents were euthanized and coronaries were excised. Arteries were embedded in methyl methacrylate and sections were stained with H&E, trichrome, and Movat’s pentachrome. The expression of Ki67, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, and HMGB1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence. There was a positive correlation between percent area stenosis and injury score. The distribution of SMA and vimentin was correlated with the degree of arterial injury such that arteries that had an injury score >2 did not have immunoreactivity to SMA in the neointimal cells near the stent struts, but these neointimal cells were positive for vimentin, suggesting a change in the smooth muscle cell phenotype. The Ki67 and HMGB1 immunoreactivity was highly correlated with the fragmentation of the IEL and injury in the tunica media. Thus, the extent of coronary arterial injury during interventional procedure will dictate the degree of neointimal hyperplasia, in-stent restenosis, and smooth muscle cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J. Swier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lin Tang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kristopher D. Krueger
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Del Core
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The association between periprocedural factors and the late outcome of percutaneous stenting of lower extremity arteries. A retrospective cohort study. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2015; 11:108-13. [PMID: 26161102 PMCID: PMC4495126 DOI: 10.5114/pwki.2015.52283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction About 20–30% of the population have peripheral artery disease. Many of them require intervention, with a percutaneous procedure currently being the first choice. However, the outcomes of these interventions need regular evaluation due to continuous progress in endovascular techniques and the devices used. Aim The aim of this study was to analyze procedural factors influencing the outcome of endovascular intervention in patients stented for the first time due to lower extremity atherosclerosis. Material and methods The medical documentation of 91 patients with at least 1 year of follow-up after stenting of a lower limb artery was retrospectively evaluated. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed. Results The mean observation time was 544.4 ±502.9 days. The primary patency of a stent after such a follow-up was 68.1%. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that the risk of target lesion revascularization was affected by the following (hazard risk, 95% confidence interval): the number of vascular segments with significant lesions (13.14, 2.28–75.8); critical limb ischemia (5.68, 1.23–26.2); localization of the target lesion in an aorto-iliac in comparison with a femoro-popliteal vascular segment (0.37, 0.14–0.7); aorto-iliac lesion class according to the TASC-II consensus (1.96, 1.1–3.8); and claudication distance (1.02, 1.01–1.03). Conclusions The common primary patency of a stent implanted into either an aorto-iliac or a femoro-popliteal vascular segment was similar to that found in other reports. The main factors affecting the outcome of the endovascular procedures performed were mainly related to atherosclerosis severity, not to the type of technique or device used.
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Lee JW, Kim CW, Lee HC, Wu MT, Hwangbo L, Choo KS, Kim JH, Lee KN, Kim JY, Jeong YJ. High-definition computed tomography for coronary artery stents: image quality and radiation doses for low voltage (100 kVp) and standard voltage (120 kVp) ECG-triggered scanning. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31 Suppl 1:39-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Budzyński J, Wiśniewska J, Ciecierski M, Kędzia A. Association between Bacterial Infection and Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Review. Int J Angiol 2015; 25:3-13. [PMID: 26900306 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are an increasing number of data showing a clinically important association between bacterial infection and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Bacteria suspected of being involved in PAD pathogenesis are: periodontal bacteria, gut microbiota, Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Infectious agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via activation of a systemic or local host immunological response to contamination of extravascular tissues or the vascular wall, respectively. A systemic immunological reaction may damage vascular walls in the course of autoimmunological cross-reactions between anti-pathogen antibodies and host vascular antigens (immunological mimicry), pathogen burden mechanisms (nonspecific activation of inflammatory processes in the vascular wall), and neuroendocrine-immune cross-talk. Besides activating the inflammatory pathway, bacterial infection may trigger PAD progression or exacerbation by enhancement of platelet reactivity, by a stimulatory effect on von Willebrand factor binding, factor VIII, fibrinogen, P-selectin activation, disturbances in plasma lipids, increase in oxidative stress, and resistance to insulin. Local inflammatory host reaction and induction of atherosclerotic plaque progression and/or instability result mainly from atherosclerotic plaque colonization by microorganisms. Despite these premises, the role of bacterial infection in PAD pathogenesis should still be recognized as controversial, and randomized, controlled trials are required to evaluate the outcome of periodontal or gut bacteria modification (through diet, prebiotics, and probiotics) or eradication (using antibiotics) in hard and surrogate cardiovascular endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Budzyński
- Chair of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland; Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Ciecierski
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Kędzia
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland
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Gan Z, Jing J, Zhu G, Qin Y, Teng G, Guo J. Preventive effects of ¹²⁵I seeds on benign restenosis following esophageal stent implantation in a dog model. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:3382-90. [PMID: 25543838 PMCID: PMC4368074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of iodine-125 (125I) seeds on the proliferation of primary esophageal fibroblasts in dogs, and to assess the safety and preventive efficacy of 125I seed-pre-loaded esophageal stents in benign restenosis following implantation. Primary fibroblasts were cultured with various 125I seed activities, which were then evaluated using cell proliferation and apoptosis assays as well as cell cycle analysis using Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and PI staining. Prior to sacrification, animals were submitted to esophageal radiography under digital subtraction angiography. Esophageal tissues were collected and examined for macroscopic, microscopic and pathological alterations. The results demonstrated a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and increased apoptosis following exposure to 125I seeds. G0/G1 fibroblast populations increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with 125I seeds, in contrast to cells in S phase. Four weeks following implantation, α-smooth muscle actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression levels in the experimental group were significantly lower compared with those in the control group; in addition, eight weeks following implantation, esophageal inner diameters were increased in the experimental group. 125I seeds inhibited proliferation of dog esophageal fibroblasts via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In conclusion, 125I seed-pre-loaded esophageal stents inhibited benign hyperplasia in the upper edge of the stent to a certain extent, which relieved benign restenosis following implantation with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gan
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jing
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Qin
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinhe Guo
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Pandey S. Targeting Wnt-Frizzled signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6011-8. [PMID: 24057182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnts are secreted glycoproteins implicated in biological processes ranging from embryonic cardiac development to uncontrolled cell proliferation in diseased conditions. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells, migration and proliferation in intimal layer and increased extracellular matrix production are some of the known hallmarks of cardiovascular pathologies. Heterogeneity associated with the binding of Wnts to their transmembrane receptors, Frizzled, and coreceptors low density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein is indeed intriguing. Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of beta-catenin and activation of transcriptional factors, lymphoid enhancer factor and T cell activation factor leading to target gene activation has remained elusive. Our review highlights the emerging role of Wnt-Frizzled signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Overall, the pathway appears to be an attractive therapeutic target in identifying susceptible individuals at risk of developing restenosis/other vascular pathologies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Pandey
- Krishna Medical Centre, 1, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India,
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Abstract
Vascular occlusion remains the leading cause of death in Western countries, despite advances made in balloon angioplasty and conventional surgical intervention. Vascular surgery, such as CABG surgery, arteriovenous shunts, and the treatment of congenital anomalies of the coronary artery and pulmonary tracts, requires biologically responsive vascular substitutes. Autografts, particularly saphenous vein and internal mammary artery, are the gold-standard grafts used to treat vascular occlusions. Prosthetic grafts have been developed as alternatives to autografts, but their low patency owing to short-term and intermediate-term thrombosis still limits their clinical application. Advances in vascular tissue engineering technology-such as self-assembling cell sheets, as well as scaffold-guided and decellularized-matrix approaches-promise to produce responsive, living conduits with properties similar to those of native tissue. Over the past decade, vascular tissue engineering has become one of the fastest-growing areas of research, and is now showing some success in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit G Seifu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Quebec University Hospital Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Gebhard C, Fiechter M, Fuchs TA, Stehli J, Muller E, Stahli BE, Gebhard CE, Ghadri JR, Klaeser B, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA. Coronary artery stents: influence of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction on image quality using 64-HDCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:969-77. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kasza G, Kollár L, Rőth E, Vincze A, Gömöri E. Histological examination of vascular lesions caused by stent implantation in humans and in comparative experimental animal model. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:1-14. [PMID: 22453796 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of human and experimental animal (canine) tissues was performed to characterize and describe cellular and histological responses during the processes of newly forming intravascular tissues after stent implantation. Routine histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of 20 human samples and 9 samples from animal models were used one day, one week and one month after the stent implantation. After one day of implantation, there was no difference between the human and canine peripheral arteries, suggesting a similar cellular and histological response in the early phase. In contrast, after one week of implantation, during the proliferative phase the repairing human tissue showed less intensive production of inflammatory cells and more intensive increase in number of vascular cells than did the canine model. In addition, cellular changes normally restituted by the end of one month in canine peripheral arteries, but vascular cells persisted in human atherosclerotic arteries. In conclusion, results of this study suggest differences in both phases of vascular repair in the post-stented period, because both proliferative and regressive phases showed histological differences in canine and human samples. In canine, the restitution of vascular wall was completed by the end of first month but persistent vascular cell proliferation was visible in the human peripheral arteries. It can be suggested that delayed cellular response might indicate restenosis but also can be considered considered as a progression of the original arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kasza
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pécs, Hungary
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Houbballah R, Robaldo A, Albadawi H, Titus J, LaMuraglia GM. A novel model of accelerated intimal hyperplasia in the pig iliac artery. Int J Exp Pathol 2011; 92:422-7. [PMID: 22050434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no good animal model of large artery injury-induced intimal hyperplasia (IH). Those available are reproducible, providing only a few layers of proliferating cells or have the disadvantage of the presence of a metallic stent that complicates histology evaluation. This study was designed to develop a new, simple model of accelerated IH based on balloon injury in conjunction with disruption of the Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL) in pig external iliac arteries. Iliac artery injury (n = 24) was performed in 12 Yorkshire pigs divided in two groups: Group I (n = 10), overdistention injury induced by an oversized non-compliant balloon; Group II (n = 14), arterial wall disruption by pulling back an isometric cutting balloon (CB) followed by stretching with a compliant Fogarty Balloon (FB). At two weeks, arteries were processed for morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for smooth muscle cells (SMC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). When comparing the two groups, at 2 weeks, arteries of group II had a higher incidence of IH (100%vs. 50%, P = 0.0059), increased intimal areas (2.54 ± 0.33 mm(2) vs. 0.93 ± 0.36 mm(2) , P = 0.004), increased intimal area/Media area ratios (0.95 ± 0.1 vs. 0.28 ± 0.05; P < 0.0001) and decreased lumen areas (6.24 ± 0.44 vs. 9.48 ± 1.56, P = 0.026). No thrombosis was noticed in Group II. Neointima was composed by proliferating SMC located with the highest concentration in the area of IEL disruption (IHC). Arterial injury by pulling back CB and FB induces significant IH in pig iliac arteries by two weeks without thrombosis. This model is superior to the classical overdistention non-compliant model and should be useful and cost-effective for preclinical testing of procedures designed to inhibit IH in large peripheral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Houbballah
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery of the General Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 and intimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries following coronary intervention. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:346-52. [PMID: 21540027 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The growth and differentiation of cells is regulated by cytokines by binding to cell-surface receptors and activating intracellular signal transduction cascade. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 is a negative regulator of cytokines. In this study we examined the expression of SOCS-3 in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) in vitro and in proliferating smooth muscle cells of neointimal lesions after coronary artery intervention in a swine model. METHODS AND RESULTS PCASMCs were cultured and stimulated with TNF-α and/or IGF-1 individually or in combination. Protein expression of SOCS-3 was examined using Western blot. For in vivo studies, six female Yucatan miniswine were fed with special high cholesterol diet for 8 months. At 4 months of high cholesterol diet, animals underwent coronary balloon angioplasty. At the end of 8 months animals were euthanized, coronary arteries were isolated and morphological and histological studies were performed. Western blot data revealed significantly high SOCS-3 expression in PCASMCs in the presence of either TNF-α or IGF-1 (5-6 fold) alone. However, in the presence of both TNF-α and IGF-1 the SOCS-3 expression was significantly decreased (4-5 fold). Results from morphological studies including, H&E and Masson's trichrome stain showed typical lesions with significant neointimal proliferation. Histological evaluation showed expression of smooth muscle α-actin and significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in neointimal lesion. Interestingly, there was significantly decreased expression of SOCS-3 in smooth muscle cells of neointima as compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SOCS-3 expression is decreased in proliferating smooth muscle cells of neointimal lesions. This leads to uncontrolled growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in injured arteries leading to restenosis. Therefore, local delivery of SOCS-3 gene at the site of injury after coronary artery intervention could regulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and help in preventing the neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis.
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Grudtner MA, de Lara Elesbão JL, Gutierrez PS, Meyer FS, Pereira AH. Histological analysis of cobalt-chromium stents with and without Camouflage® polymer coating: experimental porcine carotid artery model. Vascular 2011; 19:89-96. [PMID: 21489934 DOI: 10.1258/vasc.2010.oa0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the arterial response to cobalt-chromium stents with and without polymer coating (Camouflage®, Hemoteq AG, Wuerselen, Germany) implanted in pigs. Cobalt-chromium balloon-expandable stents (4 × 16 mm) were implanted in the common carotid arteries of nine pigs. Histological analysis of endothelialization, inflammation and injury was performed one month later. All stents were successfully deployed, and all but one animal survived the 30 study days. All arteries were patent. Endothelialization was nearly complete in most sections of all carotid stents in both groups. There were mild inflammatory infiltrate and mild-to-moderate injury, which were associated with the stent shafts and not significantly different between groups. Our findings suggest that, in porcine carotid arteries, the histological response to balloon-expandable cobalt-chromium stents coated with polymer (Camouflage®, Hemoteq AG) is similar to the response to non-coated cobalt-chromium stents.
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Zamiri P, Kuang Y, Sharma U, Ng TF, Busold RH, Rago AP, Core LA, Palasis M. The biocompatibility of rapidly degrading polymeric stents in porcine carotid arteries. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7847-55. [PMID: 20696471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials for use in fully bioabsorbable vascular stents. 10:90 poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (10:90 L-PLGA), 85:15 poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (85:15 L-PLGA), polydioxanone (PDO), and poly-L-lactic acid (L-PLA) polymers were chosen as materials. Polymeric fibers were woven into a braided structure with a mass equivalent to or greater than that expected for a vascular stent, secured to balloon-expandable bare metal stents and implanted into porcine carotid arteries. The in vivo response was analyzed at 30 and 90 days by angiography, histopathology, and histomorphometry. All vessels were patent at 30 and 90 days. Injury score and neointima formation was mild for all samples. The faster-degrading 10:90 L-PLGA had the highest inflammatory response at 30 days, but was completely absorbed with minimal inflammation and neointimal formation at 90 days. PDO showed signs of partial absorption at 90 days, while 85:15 L-PLGA and L-PLA demonstrated minimal absorption at 30 and 90 days. The inflammatory response to these three groups was similar over the experimental period. Using a robust materials-testing platform, we demonstrated long-term patency and intravascular biocompatibility of bioabsorbable polymers with varying rates of resorption. The data point to biocompatibility of a polymeric stent in the vascular space that is fully absorbable in less than a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zamiri
- Arsenal Medical, Inc., 480 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
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18
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Assessment of vascular endothelial function with peripheral arterial tonometry: information at your fingertips? Cardiol Rev 2010; 18:20-8. [PMID: 20010335 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0b013e3181c46a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an important component in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The ability to assess the endothelium in a meaningful manner has been the subject of intense investigation over decades. Since the function of endothelial cells is a gauge of vascular health, assessment of vascular function is emerging as a useful tool for predicting cardiovascular risk and as a surrogate outcome measure for cardiovascular reduction intervention studies. This review highlights techniques for assessing endothelial function, focusing on a novel method of determining peripheral vascular reactivity via arterial tonometry.
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Leigh Perkins LE. Preclinical Models of Restenosis and Their Application in the Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stent Systems. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:58-76. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985809352978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronary arterial disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, the European Union, and Canada. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has revolutionized the treatment of CAD, and it is the advent of drug-eluting stent (DES) systems that has effectively allayed much of the challenge of restenosis that has plagued the success of PCI through its 30-year history. However, DES systems have not been a panacea: There yet remain the challenges associated with interventions involving bare metallic stents as well as newly arisen concerns related to the application of DES systems. To effectively address these novel and ongoing issues, animal models are relied on both to project the safety and efficacy of endovascular devices and to provide insight into the pathophysiology underlying the vascular response to injury and mechanisms of restenosis. In this review, preclinical models of restenosis are presented, and their application and limitation in the evaluation of device-based interventional technologies for the treatment of CAD are discussed.
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20
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Early M, Kelly DJ. The role of vessel geometry and material properties on the mechanics of stenting in the coronary and peripheral arteries. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 224:465-76. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There have been notably higher rates of restenosis with stents used to restore blood flow to many stenosed peripheral arteries compared with their coronary counterparts. The mechanical environment of arteries such as the femoral and popliteal (and the stent fracture that this can cause) has previously been identified as a contributing factor to the relatively low success rates for this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate how other factors, namely the differences in geometries and mechanical properties of the arteries and the stents used in them, might influence the outcome in these different arteries. Finite element models of the stents and arteries were created, and the results compared in terms of stresses induced in the arteries, the lumen gain, and the deformation of the stent due to pulsatile loading. It was found that deploying a Nitinol stent in a peripheral artery induced lower stresses in the vessel wall than expanding a stainless steel stent in a coronary artery, although the lumen gain was also lower. The predicted strain amplitude induced in Nitinol stents by the cardiac cycle was below the value required to cause fatigue failure. This study does not provide any evidence to suggest that differences in the geometry and material properties between peripheral and coronary arteries, or the types of stent used to restore vessel patency, are the dominate factors responsible for the higher rates of restenosis observed in peripheral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Early
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Osorio-da Cruz SM, Aggoun Y, Cikirikcioglu M, Khabiri E, Djebaili K, Kalangos A, Walpoth B. Vascular ultrasound studies for the non-invasive assessment of vascular flow and patency in experimental surgery in the pig. Lab Anim 2009; 43:333-7. [DOI: 10.1258/la.2009.0080030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular ultrasound is a reliable non-invasive tool used for the routine assessment of vascular flow and patency in human recipients. We describe the use at three different time points (immediately, 1 week and 4 weeks postsurgery) of ultrasound studies and its validation by angiographic studies in 37 swine undergoing carotid graft replacement. We calculated predictive values (>92%), sensitivity (>85%) and specificity (>92%) with high results at all time points. Ultrasound appeared as an accessible non-invasive technique, providing rapid, safe, repeatable and reliable results. It is an excellent alternative to angiography, avoiding risks inherent to invasive methods and therefore contributing to animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Osorio-da Cruz
- Service of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Denver, University of Colorado Denver & Health SciencesCenter Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Geneva Cardiovascular Research Group
| | - Y Aggoun
- Service of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - E Khabiri
- Geneva Cardiovascular Research Group
| | | | | | - B Walpoth
- Geneva Cardiovascular Research Group
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Early M, Lally C, Prendergast PJ, Kelly DJ. Stresses in peripheral arteries following stent placement: a finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10255840802136135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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França LHG, Pereira AH. Atualização sobre endopróteses vasculares (stents): dos estudos experimentais à prática clínica. J Vasc Bras 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-54492008000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atualmente, o tratamento das doenças vasculares periféricas é uma das áreas da medicina de maior expansão. O número de intervenções vasculares aumenta e os resultados das novas técnicas endovasculares estão muito próximos aos das tradicionais cirurgias vasculares. Embora a angioplastia ofereça bons resultados em curto prazo, o implante de stents procura melhorar o sucesso do procedimento e estender o seu uso a um número maior de pacientes com doença vascular periférica. Entretanto, a sua utilização ainda é controversa. O implante de stents no sistema aorto-ilíaco tem bons resultados; porém, a sua indicação para as lesões femoro-poplíteas ainda é discutida. Além disso, o rápido desenvolvimento de stents e sua escolha para uso no sistema vascular periférico têm sido uma difícil tarefa para o cirurgião endovascular. Muitos fatores influenciam a escolha do stent, e um amplo conhecimento desse material é essencial. Tal escolha depende da avaliação pré-operatória, da localização e das características da lesão e também do uso do stent primário ou seletivo. Nesse trabalho, são realizadas revisão do histórico do desenvolvimento dos stents, desde os estudos experimentais até os ensaios clínicos e também discussão sobre a sua aplicação no tratamento das doenças vasculares periféricas.
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Takahashi H, Letourneur D, Grainger DW. Delivery of large biopharmaceuticals from cardiovascular stents: a review. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3281-93. [PMID: 17929968 PMCID: PMC2606669 DOI: 10.1021/bm700540p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on new and emerging large-molecule bioactive agents delivered from stent surfaces in drug-eluting stents (DESs) to inhibit vascular restenosis in the context of interventional cardiology. New therapeutic agents representing proteins, nucleic acids (small interfering RNAs and large DNA plasmids), viral delivery vectors, and even engineered cell therapies require specific delivery designs distinct from traditional smaller-molecule approaches on DESs. While small molecules are currently the clinical standard for coronary stenting, extension of the DESs to other lesion types, peripheral vasculature, and nonvasculature therapies will seek to deliver an increasingly sophisticated armada of drug types. This review describes many of the larger-molecule and biopharmaceutical approaches reported recently for stent-based delivery with the challenges associated with formulating and delivering these drug classes compared to the current small-molecule drugs. It also includes perspectives on possible future applications that may improve safety and efficacy and facilitate diversification of the DESs to other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 30 South 2000 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5280, USA
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25
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Jia G, Mitra AK, Cheng G, Gangahar DM, Agrawal DK. Angiotensin II and IGF-1 regulate connexin43 expression via ERK and p38 signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells of coronary artery bypass conduits. J Surg Res 2007; 142:137-42. [PMID: 17624368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in connexin expression have been found in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during the progression of atherosclerotic lesion and intimal hyperplasia. It is our hypothesis that increased connexin43 expression following stimulation of VSMCs with Ang II and IGF-1 contributes to more proliferation in saphenous vein (SV) than in the internal mammary artery (IMA). MATERIALS AND METHOD Using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we assessed the effect of Ang II and IGF-1 stimulation on connexin43 expression and the signaling pathways involved in VSMCs of SV and IMA. RESULTS Immunostaining demonstrated strong expression of connexin43 in SV compared with IMA after stimulation with Ang II and IGF-1. Ang II up-regulated the expression of connexin43 in VSMCs of SV in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This was inhibited by p38 and ERK MAP kinase inhibitors, SB203580 and PD98059, respectively. In the VSMCs of IMA, the connexin43 expression was markedly low and maintained at a reduced level even after 3 h stimulation. IGF-1 dose-dependently induced mRNA expression of connexin43 in the VSMCs of SV, which was blocked by PD98059. However, in VSMCs of IMA there was no significant effect of IGF-1 on the connexin43 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION These data suggest that connexin43 expression can be influenced by Ang II and IGF-1 through ERK and p38 pathways and may contribute to the pathogenesis of vein graft disease following coronary artery bypass grafting.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
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Zhang Q, Lu L, Pu L, Zhang R, Shen J, Zhu Z, Hu J, Yang Z, Chen Q, Shen W. Neointimal hyperplasia persists at six months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in diabetic porcine. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007; 6:16. [PMID: 17550588 PMCID: PMC1892541 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational clinical studies have shown that patients with diabetes have less favorable results after percutaneous coronary intervention compared with the non-diabetic counterparts, but its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the changes of neointimal hyperplasia after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation in a diabetic porcine model, and to evaluate the impact of aortic inflammation on this proliferative process. Methods Diabetic porcine model was created with an intravenous administration of a single dose of streptozotocin in 15 Chinese Guizhou minipigs (diabetic group); each of them received 2 SES (Firebird, Microport Co, China) implanted into 2 separated major epicardial coronary arteries. Fifteen non-diabetic minipigs with SES implantation served as controls (control group). At 6 months, the degree of neointimal hyperplasia was determined by repeat coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histological examination. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α protein level in the aortic intima was evaluated by Western blotting, and TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Results The distribution of stented vessels, diameter of reference vessels, and post-procedural minimal lumen diameter were comparable between the two groups. At 6-month follow-up, the degree of in-stent restenosis (40.4 ± 24.0% vs. 20.2 ± 17.7%, p < 0.05), late lumen loss (0.33 ± 0.19 mm vs. 0.10 ± 0.09 mm, p < 0.001) by quantitative angiography, percentage of intimal hyperplasia in the stented area (26.7 ± 19.2% vs. 7.3 ± 6.1%, p < 0.001) by IVUS, and neointimal area (1.59 ± 0.76 mm2 vs. 0.41 ± 0.18 mm2, p < 0.05) by histological examination were significantly exacerbated in the diabetic group than those in the controls. Significant increases in TNF-α protein and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels were observed in aortic intima in the diabetic group. Conclusion Neointimal hyperplasia persisted at least up to 6 months after SES implantation in diabetic porcine, which may be partly related to an exaggerated inflammatory response within the blood vessel wall. Our results provide theoretical support for potential direct beneficial effects of anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation medications in reducing the risk of restenosis after stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - LiJin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - RuiYan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - ZhengBing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - ZhenKun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - QiuJin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - WeiFeng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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Pandey S, Murphy RF, Agrawal DK. Recent advances in the immunobiology of ceramide. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 82:298-309. [PMID: 17045585 PMCID: PMC1934927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide, a sphingosine-based lipid molecule, has emerged as a key regulator of a wide spectrum of biological processes such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence. Sphingomyelinase-dependent hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and de novo synthesis involving the coordinated action of serinepalmitoyl transferase and ceramide synthase are the two major pathways involved in ceramide synthesis. Clustering of plasma membrane rafts into ceramide-enriched platforms serves as an important transmembrane signaling mechanism for cell surface receptors. Ceramides have been implicated in apoptosis, stress signaling cascades as well as ion channels. There is accumulating evidence that targeted manipulation of ceramide metabolism pathway has immense therapeutic potential and may eventually prove to be a boon in the design of novel strategies and development of innovative treatments for diverse conditions including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. As yet uncharacterized natural ceramide analogs and novel inhibitors of ceramide metabolism might prove to have potent effects in the drugs. In this review, we discuss significant advances that continue to provide intriguing insights into the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ceramide-mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Richard F. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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