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Diwan D, Cheng L, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Holden N, Willoughby N, Sangwan N, Baadhe RR, Liu C, Gupta VK. Microbial cancer therapeutics: A promising approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:931-950. [PMID: 33979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of conventional cancer therapeutics is hindered by associated dreadful side-effects of antibiotic resistance and the dearth of antitumor drugs' selectivity and specificity. Hence, the conceptual evolution of anti-cancerous therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells without impacting the healthy cells or tissues, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in microbial-derived bioactive molecules. Such strategic solutions may pave the way to surmount the shortcomings of conventional therapies and raise the potential and hope for the cure of wide range of cancer in a selective manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of anti-carcinogenic properties and underlying mechanisms of bioactive molecules of microbial origin, and discuss the current challenges and effective therapeutic application of combinatorial strategies to attain minimal systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 230032, China
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Nicola Holden
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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Yan C, Sun C, Lu D, Zhao T, Ding X, Zamir I, Tang M, Shao C, Zhang F. Estimation of associations between MMP9 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:13-20. [PMID: 35156865 DOI: 10.1177/17246008221076145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which play critical roles in cancer progression and metastasis. In recent years, many researchers have been studying the relationship between MMP9 and breast cancer. However, it still remains indecisive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to draw more accurate conclusions. A total of 21 relevant documents were retrieved, including 25 case-control studies. We quantitatively analyzed the data obtained. To clarify the relationship between MMP9 polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility under different conditions, we also made a further subgroup analysis for each locus. In summary, we discovered that MMP9 rs3918242 rendered an increased risk for breast cancer, especially among Iranians and Indians. MMP9 rs3787268 could be a protective factor. MMP9 rs17576 and MMP9 rs2250889 have no association with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunye Yan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- 497370AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, Chicago
| | - Dengwei Lu
- 12550Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Lianhua Community Health Service Centre, 533251The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Irma Zamir
- 432162Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Mi Tang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Cong Shao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
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Perioperative renal protection. Curr Opin Crit Care 2021; 27:676-685. [PMID: 34534999 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common but underestimated syndrome in the perioperative setting. AKI can be induced by different causes and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, no specific treatment options are available at the moment. RECENT FINDINGS AKI is now understood as being a continuum ranging from normal kidney function over AKI and acute kidney disease to ultimately chronic kidney disease. The KDIGO organization recommend in 2012 implementation of preventive bundles in patients at high risk for AKI. In the perioperative setting, relevant measures include hemodynamic optimization, with careful consideration of blood pressure targets, adequate fluid therapy to maintain organ perfusion and avoidance of hyperglycaemia. These measures are most effective if patients at risk are identified as soon as possible and measures are implemented accordingly. Although current point of care functional biomarkers can detect patients at risk earlier than the established damage biomarkers, some components of the preventive bundle are still under investigation. SUMMARY Good evidence exists for the use of biomarkers to identify individual patients at risk for AKI and for the implementation of haemodynamic optimization, abdication of nephrotoxins, adequate fluid administration using balanced crystalloid solutions and glycaemic control. The data for using colloids or the degree of nephrotoxicity of contrast media still remain inconclusive.
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IL-7R gene variants are associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han women. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sun Y, Chen P, Wu J, Xiong Z, Liu Y, Liu J, Li H, Li B, Jin T. Association of polymorphisms in LOC105377871 and CASC16 with breast cancer in the northwest Chinese Han population. J Gene Med 2019; 22:e3131. [PMID: 31655495 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer represents the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality among women in the world, and its pathogenesis is complex. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the factors that influence the risk of breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of LOC105377871 and CASC16 polymorphisms on the risk of breast cancer in the northwest Chinese Han population. METHODS We selected 503 breast cancer patients and 503 healthy controls for the present study. Genotyping was performed using the Agena MassARRAY system (Agenea Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) and we evaluated the association between SNPs (rs17530068 and rs4784227) and the risk of breast cancer in four genetic models. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS It was found that the rs17530068 increased the breast cancer risk in log-additive model (p = 0.047, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.50). After stratification, the "T" allele of rs4784227 increased the risk of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients (allele: p = 0.025, OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05-2.17; codominant model: p = 0.008, OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.20-3.31; dominant model: p = 0.008, OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.19-3.16; log-additive model: p = 0.023, OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.06-2.19). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that, in the northwest Chinese Han population, SNP rs17530068 (LOC105377871) increases the risk of breast cancer and SNP rs4784227 (CASC16) promotes lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zichao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Khalifa SAM, Elias N, Farag MA, Chen L, Saeed A, Hegazy MEF, Moustafa MS, Abd El-Wahed A, Al-Mousawi SM, Musharraf SG, Chang FR, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Alajlani M, Göransson U, El-Seedi HR. Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E491. [PMID: 31443597 PMCID: PMC6780632 DOI: 10.3390/md17090491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need for new drugs with novel modes of action and thus considerable research has been conducted for new anticancer drugs from natural sources, especially plants, microbes and marine organisms. Marine populations represent reservoirs of novel bioactive metabolites with diverse groups of chemical structures. This review highlights the impact of marine organisms, with particular emphasis on marine plants, algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, sponges and soft corals. Anti-cancer effects of marine natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies were first introduced; their activity in the prevention of tumor formation and the related compound-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicities were tackled. The possible molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects are also presented. The review highlights the diversity of marine organisms, novel chemical structures, and chemical property space. Finally, therapeutic strategies and the present use of marine-derived components, its future direction and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden A M Khalifa
- Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Novum, 14157 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nizar Elias
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kalamoon, P.O. Box 222 Dayr Atiyah, Syria
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, 11835 New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemitry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Moustafa S Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Aida Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Saleh M Al-Mousawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Syed G Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Muaaz Alajlani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of HalleWittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, DE 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt.
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Al-Rayan Research and Innovation Center, Al-Rayan Colleges, 42541 Medina, Saudi Arabia.
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Khalifa SAM, Elias N, Farag MA, Chen L, Saeed A, Hegazy MEF, Moustafa MS, Abd El-Wahed A, Al-Mousawi SM, Musharraf SG, Chang FR, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Alajlani M, Göransson U, El-Seedi HR. Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:491. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/md17090491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need for new drugs with novel modes of action and thus considerable research has been conducted for new anticancer drugs from natural sources, especially plants, microbes and marine organisms. Marine populations represent reservoirs of novel bioactive metabolites with diverse groups of chemical structures. This review highlights the impact of marine organisms, with particular emphasis on marine plants, algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, sponges and soft corals. Anti-cancer effects of marine natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies were first introduced; their activity in the prevention of tumor formation and the related compound-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicities were tackled. The possible molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects are also presented. The review highlights the diversity of marine organisms, novel chemical structures, and chemical property space. Finally, therapeutic strategies and the present use of marine-derived components, its future direction and limitations are discussed.
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Yan C, Sun C, Ding X, Rizeq FK, Ren M, Yang F, Chen Y, Wang B. Association of CAV1 polymorphisms with the risks of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152518. [PMID: 31303379 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (CAV1) polymorphisms have been shown to correlated with breast cancer risk in previous studies. However, the role of CAV1 polymorphisms still remained indecisive, and dual functions of CAV1 was demonstrated in breast cancer development. Consequently, a meta-analysis to evaluate and summarize the association of the CAV1 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extensive search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, EMBASE.com, CNKI and Wanfang searching platform up to March 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of each study. The Odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed to evaluate the strength of the associations in five genetic models. Inter-study heterogeneity was quantified using the I-squared (I2) test. In addition, the Egger's test and Begg's test were applied to evaluate the publication bias. RESULTS 4 case-control studies with 2115 cases and 2138 controls were enrolled into this analysis. There was a significant association between rs3807987 polymorphism of CAV1 and breast cancer in allele comparison (A vs. G: OR = 1.288, 95%CI = 1.162-1.428, P < 0.001), heterozygote comparison (AG vs. GG: OR= 1.422, 95%CI=1.233-1.639, P < 0.001), and dominant comparison (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.395, 95%CI=1.228-1.586, P < 0.001). A significant association of rs3807987 polymorphism in allele comparison (A vs. G: OR=1.238, 95%CI=1.109-1.383, P < 0.001), heterozygote comparison (AG VS. GG: OR=1.466, 95%CI=1.267-1.697, P < 0.05), and dominant comparison (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.384, 95%CI=1.209-1.585, P < 0.001) was also founded amongst Chinese population. A significant association between rs7804372 polymorphism and breast cancer amongst Chinese population in recessive comparison (AA vs. AT + TT: OR = 0.730, 95%CI = 0.567-0.940, P = 0.015) was identified. No significant association between breast cancer risk and rs1997623 was found. CONCLUSION CAV1 rs3807987 and rs7804372 polymorphisms are associated with the change of breast cancer risk. More well-designed and large studies in various populations are needed to further elaborate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunye Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 JiXi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Lianhua Community Health Service Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 217 Furong Street, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Feras Kamel Rizeq
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Santa Rosaweg 122-124, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 JiXi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Maternal and Chile Health Care Hospital of Anhui Province, No.15 Yimin Street, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 JiXi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Benzhong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 JiXi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, PR China.
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Tian T, Wang M, Zheng Y, Yang T, Zhu W, Li H, Lin S, Liu K, Xu P, Deng Y, Zhou L, Dai Z. Association of two FOXP3 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han women. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:867-872. [PMID: 29731666 PMCID: PMC5927342 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s158433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a key gene in the immune system which also plays a role in tumor development. This study aims to explore the association of two FOXP3 polymorphisms (rs3761548 and rs3761549) with susceptibility to breast cancer (BC). Method A case–control study was conducted, involving 560 patients and 583 healthy individuals from the Chinese Han population. The genotypes of FOXP3 polymorphisms were detected using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. The association between FOXP3 polymorphisms and BC risk was evaluated using a χ2 test with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) under six genetic models. False-positive report probability was utilized to examine whether the significant findings were noteworthy. Results We observed that rs3761548 was associated with a higher BC risk in heterozygous, dominant, overdominant, and allele genetic models (CA vs CC: OR =1.32, P=0.031; CA/AA vs CC: OR =1.32, P=0.023; CA vs CC/AA: OR =1.29, P=0.042; A vs C: OR =1.26, P=0.029), whereas no significant association was found between rs3761549 and BC risk. In addition, CA, CA/AA genotype, and A allele of rs3761548 were related to larger tumor size, and the A allele was also correlated with a positive status of Her-2 in BC patients. Conclusion Our study suggests that FOXP3 polymorphism rs3761548 is associated with BC susceptibility in the Chinese and may be involved in tumor progression. Future studies are needed to confirm the results in a larger population with more races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tielin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Breast Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Alasmary FAS, Awaad AS, Kamal M, Alqasoumi SI, Zain ME. Antitumor activity of extract and isolated compounds from Drechslera rostrata and Eurotium tonophilum. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 26:279-285. [PMID: 30166929 PMCID: PMC6111196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Total extracts of Drechslera rostrata and Eurotium tonophilum in addition of two isolated compounds from their cultures [di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (H1) and 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone (H2)] were tested for their antitumor activity using four human carcinoma cell lines. Antitumor activity was assessed by performing MTT assay to check the % cell viability. The % viability of HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), HEp-2 (larynx carcinoma) and HepG-2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells decreased after treatment with Drechslera rostrata and Eurotium tonophilum extracts, these effects were ranged from 059.0 ± 0.1 to 217.0 ± 0.3 µg/ml on all types of cancer cells. The best activity was recorded for Eurotium tonpholium extract (054.5 ± 0.3, 059.0 ± 0.5 and 059.0 ± 0.1 for HEp-2, Hela, and HepG-2 respectively). The isolated compounds (H1&H2) were found to be responsible about the activities because they recorded the lowest IC50 on tested cell lines with range of 9.5-20.3 μg/ml. Vinblastine sulphate was used as a reference standard and showed in vitro anticancer activity. This study demonstrated that all extracts and isolated compounds have antitumor activity against HCT-116, HeLa, HEp-2 and HepG-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah A S Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani S Awaad
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I Alqasoumi
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Zain
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang M, Tian T, Ma X, Zhu W, Guo Y, Duan Z, Fan J, Lin S, Liu K, Zheng Y, Sheng Q, Dai ZJ, Peng H. Genetic polymorphisms in caveolin-1 associate with breast cancer risk in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91654-91661. [PMID: 29207674 PMCID: PMC5710954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1(CAV-1) was demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene and be implicated in the development of breast cancer (BC). Numerous potentially functional polymorphisms in CAV-1 have been identified, but their effects on BC were not clear. This case-control study aims to evaluate the relationship between CAV-1 polymorphisms and BC risk. 560 BC patients and 583 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study, all from Chinese Han population. We detected 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3807987, rs1997623, and rs7804372) in CAV-1 using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. The association between CAV-1genotypes and BC risk was assessed in six genetic models by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with χ2-test. The CAV-1 rs3807987 polymorphism was observed to increase the risk of BC And the A allele of rs3807987 relates to a larger tumor size (≥2cm) and lower incidence of PR-positive BC while the AA genotype of rs7804372 associates with a higher ER and Her-2 positive rate among BC patients. In addition, Ars1997623Grs3807987Trs7804372 haplotype was linked to a decreased risk of BC (OR =0.64, 95%CI=0.44-0.93), whereas Crs1997623Ars3807987Trs7804372 haplotype was related to an increased BC risk (OR =1.74, 95%CI=1.04-2.92). Our study suggests that CAV-1 rs3807987 can increase the BC risk among Chinese Han women. And the rs3807987 and rs7804372 in CAV-1 may serve as predictors for prognosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhao Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qianwen Sheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huixia Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Larsen MJ, Thomassen M, Gerdes AM, Kruse TA. Hereditary breast cancer: clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2014; 8:145-55. [PMID: 25368521 PMCID: PMC4213954 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s18715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are only detected in 25% of families with a strong history of breast cancer, though hereditary factors are expected to be involved in the remaining families with no recognized mutation. Molecular characterization is expected to provide new insight into the tumor biology to guide the search of new high-risk alleles and provide better classification of the growing number of BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance (VUS). In this review, we provide an overview of hereditary breast cancer, its genetic background, and clinical implications, before focusing on the pathologically and molecular features associated with the disease. Recent transcriptome and genome profiling studies of tumor series from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers as well as familial non-BRCA1/2 will be discussed. Special attention is paid to its association with molecular breast cancer subtypes as well as the latest advances in predicting BRCA1/2 involvement (BRCAness) using molecular signatures, for improved diagnostics and selection of patients sensitive to targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ; Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ; Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ; Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Tanic M, Yanowski K, Gómez-López G, Rodriguez-Pinilla MS, Marquez-Rodas I, Osorio A, Pisano DG, Martinez-Delgado B, Benítez J. MicroRNA expression signatures for the prediction of BRCA1/2 mutation-associated hereditary breast cancer in paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed breast tumors. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:593-602. [PMID: 24917463 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Screening for germline mutations in breast cancer-associated genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 is indicated for patients with breast cancer from high-risk breast cancer families and influences both treatment options and clinical management. However, only 25% of selected patients test positive for BRCA1/2 mutation, indicating that additional diagnostic biomarkers are necessary. We analyzed 124 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from patients with hereditary (104) and sporadic (20) invasive breast cancer, divided into two series (A and B). Microarray expression profiling of 829 human miRNAs was performed on 76 samples (Series A), and bioinformatics tool Prophet was used to develop and test a microarray classifier. Samples were stratified into a training set (n = 38) for microarray classifier generation and a test set (n = 38) for signature validation. A 35-miRNA microarray classifier was generated for the prediction of BRCA1/2 mutation status with a reported 95% (95% CI = 0.88-1.0) and 92% (95% CI: 0.84-1.0) accuracy in the training and the test set, respectively. Differential expression of 12 miRNAs between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers versus noncarriers was validated by qPCR in an independent tumor series B (n = 48). Logistic regression model based on the expression of six miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-505*, miR-1248, miR-181a-2*, miR-25* and miR-340*) discriminated between tumors from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and noncarriers with 92% (95% CI: 0.84-0.99) accuracy. In conclusion, we identified miRNA expression signatures predictive of BRCA1/2 mutation status in routinely available FFPE breast tumor samples, which may be useful to complement current patient selection criteria for gene testing by identifying individuals with high likelihood of being BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Tanic
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Ahmad Z, Idrees R, Fatima S, Arshad H, Din NU, Memon A, Minhas K, Ahmed A, Fatima SS, Arif M, Ahmed R, Haroon S, Pervez S, Hassan S, Kayani N. How our practice of histopathology, especially tumour pathology has changed in the last two decades: reflections from a major referral center in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3829-49. [PMID: 24935563 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued advances in the field of histo-pathology (and cyto-pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live. This is the world of the internet and the world-wide web, the world of Google and Wikipedia, of Youtube and Facebook where anyone can obtain any information one desires at the push of a button. The practice of histo (and cyto) pathology has also evolved in line with these changes. For those practicing this discipline in a poor, developing country these changes have been breathtaking. This is an attempt to document these changes as experienced by histo (and cyto) pathologists practicing in the biggest center for Histopathology in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia with a large (180 million) and ever growing population. The Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city has since its inception in the mid-1980s transformed the way histopathology is practiced in Pakistan by incorporating modern methods and rescuing histopathology in Pakistan from the primitive and outdated groove in which it was stuck for decades. It set histopathology in Pakistan firmly on the path of modernity and change which are essential for better patient management and care through accurate and complete diagnosis and more recently prognostic and predictive information as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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15
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Rizzolo P, Silvestri V, Tommasi S, Pinto R, Danza K, Falchetti M, Gulino M, Frati P, Ottini L. Male breast cancer: genetics, epigenetics, and ethical aspects. Ann Oncol 2014; 24 Suppl 8:viii75-viii82. [PMID: 24131976 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY DESIGN Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease compared with female BC and our current understanding regarding breast carcinogenesis in men has been largely extrapolated from the female counterpart. We focus on differences between the ethical issues related to male and female BC patients. A systematic literature search by using PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), was carried out to provide a synopsis of the current research in the field of MBC genetics, epigenetics and ethics. Original articles and reviews published up to September 2012 were selected by using the following search key words to query the PubMed website: 'male breast cancer', 'male breast cancer and genetic susceptibility', 'male breast cancer and epigenetics', 'male breast cancer and methylation', 'male breast cancer and miRNA', 'male breast cancer and ethics'. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS As in women, three classes of breast cancer genetic susceptibility (high, moderate, and low penetrance) are recognized in men. However, genes involved and their impact do not exactly overlap in female and male BC. Epigenetic alterations are currently scarcely investigated in MBC, however, the different methylation and miRNA expression profiles identified to date in female and male BCs suggest a potential role for epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers. Overall, much still needs to be learned about MBC and, because of its rarity, the main effort is to develop large consortia for moving forward in understanding MBC and improving the management of MBC patients on a perspective of gender medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome
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16
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Holliday C, Rummel S, Hooke JA, Shriver CD, Ellsworth DL, Ellsworth RE. Genomic instability in the breast microenvironment? A critical evaluation of the evidence. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 9:667-78. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Ye J, Qi Y, Wang W, Sun F, Wei Q, Su T, Zhou W, Jiang Y, Yuan W, Cai J, Cui B, Ning G. Lower expression of ATM and gene deletion is more frequent in adrenocortical carcinomas than adrenocortical adenomas. Endocrine 2012; 41:479-86. [PMID: 22311173 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy accounting for approximately 0.02-0.2% of all cancer deaths. The molecular pathogenesis of ACC has been the hot topic of recent reviews but it is still poorly understood. It is imperative to have a better understanding on the pathophysiology of ACC so as to establish precise diagnosis and effective treatment. This study aims to identify the molecular markers between ACCs and adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs). With MLPA, we checked on 10 ACA and 9 ACC tissue samples. The MLPA results showed deletion on chromosomes 18q, 11q, 11p, and 13q and duplication on chromosomes 3q, 4q, 6p, and 19p. There was a significant difference in the number of aberration copies of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene located on chromosome 11q22-q23 between ACCs and ACAs. Five out of 9 (56%) ACC specimens had deletion of ATM (P = 0.011). RT-PCR result then demonstrated that ATM mRNA level is lower in ACCs than in ACAs (P < 0.001). In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) study of the 19 ACA and 18 ACC samples confirmed lower expression of ATM protein in ACCs than in ACAs (P < 0.001). The study demonstrated that ATM expression was diminished in ACC than in ACA, suggesting an important role of ATM in the tumorigenesis of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Ye
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 197 RuiJin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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18
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Castro E, Eeles R. The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:409-14. [PMID: 22522501 PMCID: PMC3720154 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the strongest risk factors for prostate cancer is a family history of the disease. Germline mutations in the breast cancer predisposition gene 2 (BRCA2) are the genetic events known to date that confer the highest risk of prostate cancer (8.6-fold in men ≤65 years). Although the role of BRCA2 and BRCA1 in prostate tumorigenesis remains unrevealed, deleterious mutations in both genes have been associated with more aggressive disease and poor clinical outcomes. The increasing incidence of prostate cancer worldwide supports the need for new methods to predict outcome and identify patients with potentially lethal forms of the disease. As we present here, BRCA germline mutations, mainly in the BRCA2 gene, are one of those predictive factors. We will also discuss the implications of these mutations in the management of prostate cancer and hypothesize on the potential for the development of strategies for sporadic cases with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castro
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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19
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Rizzolo P, Silvestri V, Falchetti M, Ottini L. Inherited and acquired alterations in development of breast cancer. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2011; 4:145-58. [PMID: 23776375 PMCID: PMC3681186 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, accounting for about 30% of all cancers. In contrast, breast cancer is a rare disease in men, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. Up to 10% of all breast cancers are hereditary forms, caused by inherited germ-line mutations in "high-penetrance," "moderate-penetrance," and "low-penetrance" breast cancer susceptibility genes. The remaining 90% of breast cancers are due to acquired somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations. A heterogeneous set of somatic alterations, including mutations and gene amplification, are reported to be involved in the etiology of breast cancer. Promoter hypermethylation of genes involved in DNA repair and hormone-mediated cell signaling, as well as altered expression of micro RNAs predicted to regulate key breast cancer genes, play an equally important role as genetic factors in development of breast cancer. Elucidation of the inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in breast cancer may not only clarify molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of breast cancer itself, but may also have an important clinical and therapeutic impact on improving the management of patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Plakhins G, Irmejs A, Gardovskis A, Subatniece S, Rozite S, Bitina M, Keire G, Purkalne G, Teibe U, Trofimovics G, Miklasevics E, Gardovskis J. Genotype-phenotype correlations among BRCA1 4153delA and 5382insC mutation carriers from Latvia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:147. [PMID: 22032251 PMCID: PMC3221648 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the high penetrance breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 account for a significant percentage of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer cases. Genotype-phenotype correlations of BRCA1 mutations located in different parts of the BRCA1 gene have been described previously; however, phenotypic differences of specific BRCA1 mutations have not yet been fully investigated. In our study, based on the analysis of a population-based series of unselected breast and ovarian cancer cases in Latvia, we show some aspects of the genotype-phenotype correlation among the BRCA1 c.4034delA (4153delA) and c.5266dupC (5382insC) founder mutation carriers. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of the BRCA1 founder mutations c.4034delA and c.5266dupC in a population-based series of unselected breast (n = 2546) and ovarian (n = 795) cancer cases. Among the BRCA1 mutation carriers identified in this analysis we compared the overall survival, age at diagnosis and family histories of breast and ovarian cancers. RESULTS We have found that the prevalence of breast and ovarian cancer cases (breast: ovarian cancer ratio) differs significantly among the carriers of the c.5266dupC and c.4034delA founder mutations (OR = 2.98, 95%CI = 1.58 to 5.62, P < 0.001). We have also found a difference in the prevalence of breast and ovarian cancer cases among the 1st and 2nd degree relatives of the c.4034delA and c.5266dupC mutation carriers. In addition, among the breast cancer cases the c.4034delA mutation has been associated with a later age of onset and worse clinical outcomes in comparison with the c.5266dupC mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the carriers of the c.4034delA and c.5266dupC founder mutations have different risks of breast and ovarian cancer development, different age of onset and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorijs Plakhins
- Hereditary Cancer Institute, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
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21
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Hofstatter EW, Domchek SM, Miron A, Garber J, Wang M, Componeschi K, Boghossian L, Miron PL, Nathanson KL, Tung N. PALB2 mutations in familial breast and pancreatic cancer. Fam Cancer 2011; 10:225-31. [PMID: 21365267 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-011-9426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PALB2 (Partner And Localizer of BRCA2) binds to and co-localizes with BRCA2 in DNA repair. Germline mutations in PALB2 have been identified in approximately 1-2% of familial breast cancer and 3-4% of familial pancreatic cancer cases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PALB2 mutations in women with breast cancer without BRCA1/2 mutations who also had a personal or family history of pancreatic cancer. PALB2 mutation analysis was performed in 94 non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer patients with a personal or family history of pancreatic cancer. Two truncating PALB2 mutations, c.3549C>CA and c.2962C>CT, were identified resulting in a mutation prevalence of 2.1%. The proband found to carry the c.3549C>CA PALB2 mutation had a mother diagnosed with both breast and pancreatic cancer; this relative was subsequently confirmed to carry the identical mutation. The proband with the c.2962C>CT mutation had a father and paternal aunt diagnosed with pancreatic cancer; neither relative was available for testing. Two novel PALB2 missense variants were also found, one of which was deemed potentially deleterious. The prevalence rate of PALB2 mutations in a non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer population specifically selected for a family history of pancreatic cancer does not appear to be significantly increased compared to that observed in other breast cancer populations studied thus far. Further evaluation is needed to determine the prevalence of PALB2 mutations and the clinical utility of such testing in those individuals affected with both breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Hofstatter
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208032, New Haven, CT 06520-8032, USA.
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22
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Tan DSP, Iravani M, McCluggage WG, Lambros MBK, Milanezi F, Mackay A, Gourley C, Geyer FC, Vatcheva R, Millar J, Thomas K, Natrajan R, Savage K, Fenwick K, Williams A, Jameson C, El-Bahrawy M, Gore ME, Gabra H, Kaye SB, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS. Genomic analysis reveals the molecular heterogeneity of ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1521-34. [PMID: 21411445 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are a drug-resistant and aggressive type of epithelial ovarian cancer. We analyzed the molecular genetic profiles of OCCCs to determine whether distinct genomic subgroups of OCCCs exist. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fifty pure primary OCCCs were subjected to high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using Ward's linkage analysis was performed to identify genomic subgroups of OCCCs. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox-regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. Differentially amplified regions between genomic subgroups of OCCCs were identified using a multi-Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters of OCCCs with different clinical outcomes. Patients from cluster-1 had a significantly shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) than those from cluster-2 (11 vs. 65 months, P = 0.009), although estimates for ovarian cancer-specific survival (OCS) did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.065). In multivariate analysis, suboptimal debulking surgery and genomic cluster were independently prognostic for PFS. Recurrently amplified genomic regions with a significantly higher prevalence in cluster-1 than cluster-2 OCCCs were identified and validated. HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression was observed in 14% of OCCCs, suggesting that this may constitute a potential therapeutic target for a subgroup of these tumors. CONCLUSIONS OCCCs constitute a heterogeneous disease at the genomic level despite having similar histological features. The pattern of genomic aberrations in subgroups of OCCCs is of clinical significance. We have identified recurrently amplified regions that may harbor potential therapeutic targets for subgroups of OCCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S P Tan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Vargas AC, Reis-Filho JS, Lakhani SR. Phenotype-genotype correlation in familial breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:27-40. [PMID: 21400086 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial breast cancer accounts for a small but significant proportion of breast cancer cases worldwide. Identification of the candidate genes is always challenging specifically in patients with little or no family history. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team is required for the proper detection and further management of these patients. Pathologists have played a pivotal role in the cataloguing of genotypic-phenotypic correlations in families with hereditary cancer syndromes. These efforts have led to the identification of histological and phenotypic characteristics that can help predict the presence or absence of germline mutations of specific cancer predisposition genes. However, the panoply of cancer phenotypes associated with mutations of genes other than in BRCA1 is yet to be fully characterised; in fact, many cancer syndromes, germline mutations and gene sequence variants are under investigation for their possible morphological associations. Here we review the current understanding of phenotype-genotype correlation in familial breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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24
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Homozygous deficiency of ubiquitin-ligase ring-finger protein RNF168 mimics the radiosensitivity syndrome of ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1500-6. [PMID: 21394101 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity is critical to avoid life-threatening disorders, such as premature aging, neurodegeneration and cancer. A multiprotein cascade operates at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to recognize, signal and repair damage. RNF168 (ring-finger nuclear factor) contributes to this emerging pathway of several E3 ubiquitin ligases that perform sequential ubiquitylations on damaged chromosomes, chromatin modifications essential for aggregation of repair complexes at the DSB sites. Here, we report the clinical and cellular phenotypes associated with a newly identified homozygous nonsense mutation in the RNF168 gene of a patient with a syndrome mimicking ataxia-telangiectasia. The mutation eliminated both of RNF168's ubiquitin-binding motifs, thus blocking progression of the ubiquitylation cascade and retention of repair proteins including tumor suppressors 53BP1 and BRCA1 at DSB sites, consistent with the observed defective DNA damage checkpoints/repair and pronounced radiosensitivity. Rapid screening for RNF168 pathway deficiency was achieved by scoring patients' lymphoblastoid cells for irradiation-induced nuclear foci containing 53BP1, a robust assay we propose for future diagnostic applications. The formation of radiation-induced DSB repair foci was rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type RNF168 in patient's cells, further causally linking the RNF168 mutation with the pathology. Clinically, this novel syndrome featured ataxia, telangiectasia, elevated alphafetoprotein, immunodeficiency, microcephaly and pulmonary failure and has implications for the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxias.
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25
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van der Groep P, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ. Pathology of hereditary breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:71-88. [PMID: 21336636 PMCID: PMC3063560 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary breast cancer runs in families where several members in different generations are affected. Most of these breast cancers are caused by mutations in the high penetrance genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 accounting for about 5% of all breast cancers. Other genes that include CHEK2, PTEN, TP53, ATM, STK11/LKB1, CDH1, NBS1, RAD50, BRIP1 and PALB2 have been described to be high or moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, all contributing to the hereditary breast cancer spectrum. However, in still a part of familial hereditary breast cancers no relationship to any of these breast cancer susceptibility genes can be found. Research on new susceptibility genes is therefore ongoing. Design In this review we will describe the function of the today known high or moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes and the consequences of their mutated status. Furthermore, we will focus on the histology, the immunophenotype and genotype of breast cancers caused by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and the other high or moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. Finally, an overview of the clinical implications of hereditary breast cancer patients will be provided. Conclusion This information leads to a better understanding of the morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of different types of hereditary breast cancers. Further, these characteristics offer clues for diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra van der Groep
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bol GM, Suijkerbuijk KPM, Bart J, Vooijs M, Van Der Wall E, Van Diest PJ. Methylation profiles of hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancer. Histopathology 2010; 57:363-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Walsh MD, Buchanan DD, Cummings MC, Pearson SA, Arnold ST, Clendenning M, Walters R, McKeone DM, Spurdle AB, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Phillips KD, Suthers GK, George J, Goldblatt J, Muir A, Tucker K, Pelzer E, Gattas MR, Woodall S, Parry S, Macrae FA, Haile RW, Baron JA, Potter JD, Le Marchand L, Bapat B, Thibodeau SN, Lindor NM, McGuckin MA, Young JP. Lynch syndrome-associated breast cancers: clinicopathologic characteristics of a case series from the colon cancer family registry. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2214-24. [PMID: 20215533 PMCID: PMC2848890 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recognition of breast cancer as a spectrum tumor in Lynch syndrome remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore features of breast cancers arising in Lynch syndrome families. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This observational study involved 107 cases of breast cancer identified from the Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR) from 90 families in which (a) both breast and colon cancer co-occurred, (b) families met either modified Amsterdam criteria, or had at least one early-onset (<50 years) colorectal cancer, and (c) breast tissue was available within the biospecimen repository for mismatch repair (MMR) testing. Eligibility criteria for enrollment in the Colon CFR are available online. Breast cancers were reviewed by one pathologist. Tumor sections were stained for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6, and underwent microsatellite instability testing. RESULTS Breast cancer arose in 35 mutation carriers, and of these, 18 (51%) showed immunohistochemical absence of MMR protein corresponding to the MMR gene mutation segregating the family. MMR-deficient breast cancers were more likely to be poorly differentiated (P = 0.005) with a high mitotic index (P = 0.002), steroid hormone receptor-negative (estrogen receptor, P = 0.031; progesterone receptor, P = 0.022), and to have peritumoral lymphocytes (P = 0.015), confluent necrosis (P = 0.002), and growth in solid sheets (P < 0.001) similar to their colorectal counterparts. No difference in age of onset was noted between the MMR-deficient and MMR-intact groups. CONCLUSIONS MMR deficiency was identified in 51% of breast cancers arising in known mutation carriers. Breast cancer therefore may represent a valid tissue option for the detection of MMR deficiency in which spectrum tumors are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Walsh
- Familial Cancer Laboratory, I Floor, Bancroft Centre, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Hoenerhoff MJ, Hong HH, Ton TV, Lahousse SA, Sills RC. A review of the molecular mechanisms of chemically induced neoplasia in rat and mouse models in National Toxicology Program bioassays and their relevance to human cancer. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:835-48. [PMID: 19846892 PMCID: PMC3524969 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309351726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor response in the B6C3F1 mouse, F344 rat, and other animal models following exposure to various compounds provides evidence that people exposed to these or similar compounds may be at risk for developing cancer. Although tumors in rodents and humans are often morphologically similar, underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis are often unknown and may be different between the species. Therefore, the relevance of an animal tumor response to human health would be better determined if the molecular pathogenesis were understood. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to carcinogenesis are complex and involve multiple genetic and epigenetic events and other factors. To address the molecular pathogenesis of environmental carcinogens, the authors examine rodent tumors (e.g., lung, colon, mammary gland, skin, brain, mesothelioma) for alterations in cancer genes and epigenetic events that are associated with human cancer. National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies have identified several genetic alterations in chemically induced rodent neoplasms that are important in human cancer. Identification of such alterations in rodent models of chemical carcinogenesis caused by exposure to environmental contaminants, occupational chemicals, and other compounds lends further support that they are of potential human health risk. These studies also emphasize the importance of molecular evaluation of chemically induced rodent tumors for providing greater public health significance for NTP evaluated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27519, USA.
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Geyer FC, Lopez-Garcia MA, Lambros MB, Reis-Filho JS. Genetic characterization of breast cancer and implications for clinical management. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4090-103. [PMID: 19754664 PMCID: PMC4496116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of mutations in neoplastic cells. In the last few years, high-throughput microarray-based molecular analysis has provided increasingly more coherent information about the genetic aberrations in breast cancer. New biomarkers and molecular techniques are slowly becoming part of the diagnostic and prognostic armamentarium available for pathologists and oncologists to tailor the therapy for breast cancer patients. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of breast cancer somatic genetics to our understanding of breast cancer biology and its impact on breast cancer patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Geyer
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Pasanisi P, Hédelin G, Berrino J, Chang-Claude J, Hermann S, Steel M, Haites N, Hart J, Peled R, Gafà L, Leggio L, Traina A, Amodio R, Primic-Zakelj M, Zadnik V, Veidebaum T, Tekkel M, Berrino F. Oral Contraceptive Use and BRCA Penetrance: A Case-Only Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2107-13. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hereditary Breast Cancer and Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer: Description of Two Families, as the Examples of Classical Hereditary Predisposition to Cancers. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/v10035-009-0077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Genetic Theory of Cancer. Short Review. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/v10035-009-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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