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Qiu Y, Wang H, Fan M, Pan H, Guan J, Jiang Y, Jia Z, Wu K, Zhou H, Zhuang Q, Lei Z, Ding X, Cai H, Dong Y, Yan L, Lin A, Fu Y, Zhang D, Yan Q, Wang Q. Impaired AIF-CHCHD4 interaction and mitochondrial calcium overload contribute to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in patient-iPSC-derived neurons with AIFM1 variant. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:375. [PMID: 37365177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Huaye Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yangwei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zexiao Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yong Fu
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Chiereghin C, Robusto M, Massa V, Castorina P, Ambrosetti U, Asselta R, Soldà G. Role of Cytoskeletal Diaphanous-Related Formins in Hearing Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111726. [PMID: 35681420 PMCID: PMC9179844 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing relies on the proper functioning of auditory hair cells and on actin-based cytoskeletal structures. Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) are evolutionarily conserved cytoskeletal proteins that regulate the nucleation of linear unbranched actin filaments. They play key roles during metazoan development, and they seem particularly pivotal for the correct physiology of the reproductive and auditory systems. Indeed, in Drosophila melanogaster, a single diaphanous (dia) gene is present, and mutants show sterility and impaired response to sound. Vertebrates, instead, have three orthologs of the diaphanous gene: DIAPH1, DIAPH2, and DIAPH3. In humans, defects in DIAPH1 and DIAPH3 have been associated with different types of hearing loss. In particular, heterozygous mutations in DIAPH1 are responsible for autosomal dominant deafness with or without thrombocytopenia (DFNA1, MIM #124900), whereas regulatory mutations inducing the overexpression of DIAPH3 cause autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy 1 (AUNA1, MIM #609129). Here, we provide an overview of the expression and function of DRFs in normal hearing and deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chiereghin
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Michela Robusto
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Di Rudinì 8, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Umberto Ambrosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UO Audiologia, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (R.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Savenko IV, Garbaruk ES, Boboshko MY. [The issue of auditory neuropathy: from origins to the present]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:60-69. [PMID: 35274894 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228701160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The issue of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD) has been in a focus of specialists attention for a relatively short time, but during this time a huge amount of scientific and practical knowledge about this hearing disorder has been accumulated. ANSD is a specific auditory deficit caused by dysfunction of periphery part of the auditory system, which may affect the inner hair cells, the spiral ganglion neurons and the auditory nerve, as well as the area of synaptic contact between them, while the outer hair cells, as a rule, remain intact. As a result, a specific condition is formed, in which a patient's otoacoustic emissions and/or cochlear microphonics are present, auditory brainstem responses are abnormal or absent, electrophysiological data may not correlate with hearing level, the discrepancy between pure tone audiometry and speech discrimination is observed. ANSD prevalence, epidemiology, contemporary views on its etiology, including detailed information on hereditary forms of the disorder and its risk factors are considered in the review. The data on the basic rungs of the ANSD pathogenesis, which underlie the development of various forms of the disorder and mainly determine the rehabilitation approach, are presented. The detailed clinical and audiological characteristics of ANSD are presented; contemporary approach to ANSD diagnosis and rehabilitation, including indications for surgical treatment, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Savenko
- Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Garbaruk
- Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Yu Boboshko
- Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Trigila AP, Pisciottano F, Franchini LF. Hearing loss genes reveal patterns of adaptive evolution at the coding and non-coding levels in mammals. BMC Biol 2021; 19:244. [PMID: 34784928 PMCID: PMC8594068 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammals possess unique hearing capacities that differ significantly from those of the rest of the amniotes. In order to gain insights into the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, we aim to identify the set of genetic changes and the evolutionary forces that underlie this process. We hypothesize that genes that impair hearing when mutated in humans or in mice (hearing loss (HL) genes) must play important roles in the development and physiology of the inner ear and may have been targets of selective forces across the evolution of mammals. Additionally, we investigated if these HL genes underwent a human-specific evolutionary process that could underlie the evolution of phenotypic traits that characterize human hearing. Results We compiled a dataset of HL genes including non-syndromic deafness genes identified by genetic screenings in humans and mice. We found that many genes including those required for the normal function of the inner ear such as LOXHD1, TMC1, OTOF, CDH23, and PCDH15 show strong signatures of positive selection. We also found numerous noncoding accelerated regions in HL genes, and among them, we identified active transcriptional enhancers through functional enhancer assays in transgenic zebrafish. Conclusions Our results indicate that the key inner ear genes and regulatory regions underwent adaptive evolution in the basal branch of mammals and along the human-specific branch, suggesting that they could have played an important role in the functional remodeling of the cochlea. Altogether, our data suggest that morphological and functional evolution could be attained through molecular changes affecting both coding and noncoding regulatory regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01170-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella P Trigila
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Pisciottano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Current address: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía F Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mutations in LOXHD1 gene can cause auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2021; 21. [PMID: 35875410 PMCID: PMC9307087 DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2021.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Reynard P, Monin P, Veuillet E, Thai-Van H. A new genetic variant causing auditory neuropathy: A CARE case report. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2021; 139:91-94. [PMID: 34456167 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Auditory neuropathy refers to impaired synchronization of the auditory signal along the cochlear nerve. The present study, following CARE case report guidelines, describes a case of auditory neuropathy secondary to a genetic variant not previously described. OBSERVATION An 18-year-old patient was followed for multiple learning disorder. His main complaint was speech comprehension, especially in noise. Auditory neuropathy was diagnosed on electrophysiological criteria, linked to a 2.66Mb deletion on the short arm of chromosome 16, at 16p13.11p12.3 (15,492,317-18,162,167, according to the hg19 version of the human reference genome). Adapted speech therapy sessions with auditory training for intelligibility in noise and a hearing aid with high-frequency microphone were prescribed. At 6months, the patient reported improvement in understanding speech in noise. CONCLUSION The involvement of this 16p13.11 deletion in the patient's symptomatology was not obvious, in a probable context of incomplete penetrance and variable expression. Early diagnosis of auditory neuropathy allowed implementation of better adapted multidisciplinary specialized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reynard
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Institut de l'audition, Centre de l'Institut Pasteur, Inserm 1120 (Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition), 75012 Paris, France; Université Paris la Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - P Monin
- Service de génétique médicale, unité de génétique clinique, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - E Veuillet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Institut de l'audition, Centre de l'Institut Pasteur, Inserm 1120 (Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition), 75012 Paris, France
| | - H Thai-Van
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Institut de l'audition, Centre de l'Institut Pasteur, Inserm 1120 (Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition), 75012 Paris, France
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Vona B, Rad A, Reisinger E. The Many Faces of DFNB9: Relating OTOF Variants to Hearing Impairment. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121411. [PMID: 33256196 PMCID: PMC7768390 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The OTOF gene encodes otoferlin, a critical protein at the synapse of auditory sensory cells, the inner hair cells (IHCs). In the absence of otoferlin, signal transmission of IHCs fails due to impaired release of synaptic vesicles at the IHC synapse. Biallelic pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in OTOF predominantly cause autosomal recessive profound prelingual deafness, DFNB9. Due to the isolated defect of synaptic transmission and initially preserved otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), the clinical characteristics have been termed "auditory synaptopathy". We review the broad phenotypic spectrum reported in patients with variants in OTOF that includes milder hearing loss, as well as progressive and temperature-sensitive hearing loss. We highlight several challenges that must be addressed for rapid clinical and genetic diagnosis. Importantly, we call for changes in newborn hearing screening protocols, since OAE tests fail to diagnose deafness in this case. Continued research appears to be needed to complete otoferlin isoform expression characterization to enhance genetic diagnostics. This timely review is meant to sensitize the field to clinical characteristics of DFNB9 and current limitations in preparation for clinical trials for OTOF gene therapies that are projected to start in 2021.
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The integrity of cochlear hair cells is established and maintained through the localization of Dia1 at apical junctional complexes and stereocilia. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32678080 PMCID: PMC7366933 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dia1, which belongs to the diaphanous-related formin family, influences a variety of cellular processes through straight actin elongation activity. Recently, novel DIA1 mutants such as p.R1213X (p.R1204X) and p.A265S, have been reported to cause an autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss (DFNA1). Additionally, active DIA1 mutants induce progressive hearing loss in a gain-of-function manner. However, the subcellular localization and pathological function of DIA1(R1213X/R1204X) remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the localization of endogenous Dia1 and the constitutively active DIA1 mutant in the cochlea, using transgenic mice expressing FLAG-tagged DIA1(R1204X) (DIA1-TG). Endogenous Dia1 and the DIA1 mutant were regionally expressed at the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion from early life; alongside cochlear maturation, they became localized at the apical junctional complexes (AJCs) between hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs). To investigate HC vulnerability in the DIA1-TG mice, we exposed 4-week-old mice to moderate noise, which induced temporary threshold shifts with cochlear synaptopathy and ultrastructural changes in stereocilia 4 weeks post noise exposure. Furthermore, we established a knock-in (KI) mouse line expressing AcGFP-tagged DIA1(R1213X) (DIA1-KI) and confirmed mutant localization at AJCs and the tips of stereocilia in HCs. In MDCKAcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) cells with stable expression of AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X), AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) revealed marked localization at microvilli on the apical surface of cells and decreased localization at cell-cell junctions. The DIA1-TG mice demonstrated hazy and ruffled circumferential actin belts at AJCs and abnormal stereocilia accompanied with HC loss at 5 months of age. In conclusion, Dia1 plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of AJCs and stereocilia, ensuring cochlear and HC integrity. Subclinical/latent vulnerability of HCs may be the cause of progressive hearing loss in DFNA1 patients, thus suggesting new therapeutic targets for preventing HC degeneration and progressive hearing loss associated with DFNA1.
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Wu K, Wang H, Guan J, Lan L, Zhao C, Zhang M, Wang D, Wang Q. A novel variant in diaphanous homolog 1 (DIAPH1) as the cause of auditory neuropathy in a Chinese family. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 133:109947. [PMID: 32087478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the genetic cause of non-syndromic autosomal dominant deafness segregating in a Chinese Auditory neuropathy (AN) family. INTRODUCTION AN is a genetically related rare disease characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and retention of hair cell function. Diaphanous Homolog 1 (DIAPH1) is the causative gene of DFNA1. To date, no evidence has been detected to reveal the connection between gene DIAPH1 and AN. MATERIAL AND METHODS Audiological and imageological examinations, genome-wide linkage analysis, and whole exome sequencing (WES) were carried out on the family members. RESULTS In the 13-member branch of the family, 4 patients with preserved otoacoustic emission or cochlear microphonic and abnormal auditory brainstem responses were diagnosed with AN. Linkage analysis detected an interval with a LOD (log odds) score >4 on chr5:138.845-149.509 cM. Using WES we identified a novel frameshift variant c.3551_3552del (p.Glu1184AlafsTer11) in exon 26 of DIAPH1 located in the linkage region. The variant was co-segregated with hearing impairment phenotype in the family except 4 members below the average age of onset. We have found sufficient evidence conforming with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Guideline to consider c.3551_3552del as the genetic cause of the family patients. CONCLUSION It is the first report to expand DIAPH1-related phenotypic spectrum to include AN. Our findings could facilitate the clinical diagnosis and genetic counselling for AN, especially for those with DIAPH1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mengqian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders: From Diagnosis to Treatment: Literature Review and Case Reports. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041074. [PMID: 32290039 PMCID: PMC7230308 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) refers to a range of hearing impairments characterized by deteriorated speech perception, despite relatively preserved pure-tone detection thresholds. Affected individuals usually present with abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), but normal otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). These electrophysiological characteristics have led to the hypothesis that ANSD may be caused by various dysfunctions at the cochlear inner hair cell (IHC) and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) levels, while the activity of outer hair cells (OHCs) is preserved, resulting in discrepancies between pure-tone and speech comprehension thresholds. The exact prevalence of ANSD remains unknown; clinical findings show a large variability among subjects with hearing impairment ranging from mild to profound hearing loss. A wide range of prenatal and postnatal etiologies have been proposed. The study of genetics and of the implicated sites of lesion correlated with clinical findings have also led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the various forms of ANSD, and may guide clinicians in better screening, assessment and treatment of ANSD patients. Besides OAEs and ABRs, audiological assessment includes stapedial reflex measurements, supraliminal psychoacoustic tests, electrocochleography (ECochG), auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs). Hearing aids are indicated in the treatment of ANSD with mild to moderate hearing loss, whereas cochlear implantation is the first choice of treatment in case of profound hearing loss, especially in case of IHC presynaptic disorders, or in case of poor auditory outcomes with conventional hearing aids.
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Carpena NT, Lee MY. Genetic Hearing Loss and Gene Therapy. Genomics Inform 2018; 16:e20. [PMID: 30602081 PMCID: PMC6440668 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2018.16.4.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hearing loss crosses almost all the categories of hearing loss which includes the following: conductive, sensory, and neural; syndromic and nonsyndromic; congenital, progressive, and adult onset; high-frequency, low-frequency, or mixed frequency; mild or profound; and recessive, dominant, or sex-linked. Genes play a role in almost half of all cases of hearing loss but effective treatment options are very limited. Genetic hearing loss is considered to be extremely genetically heterogeneous. The advancements in genomics have been instrumental to the identification of more than 6,000 causative variants in more than 150 genes causing hearing loss. Identification of genes for hearing impairment provides an increased insight into the normal development and function of cells in the auditory system. These defective genes will ultimately be important therapeutic targets. However, the auditory system is extremely complex which requires tremendous advances in gene therapy including gene vectors, routes of administration, and therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in elucidating the genomics of genetic hearing loss and technologies aimed at developing a gene therapy that may become a treatment option for in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanial T Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Guillen‐Ahlers H, Erbe CB, Chevalier FD, Montoya MJ, Zimmerman KD, Langefeld CD, Olivier M, Runge CL. TMTC2 variant associated with sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in a family dyad. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:653-659. [PMID: 29671961 PMCID: PMC6081214 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common form of hearing loss that can be inherited or triggered by environmental insults; auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a SNHL subtype with unique diagnostic criteria. The genetic factors associated with these impairments are vast and diverse, but causal genetic factors are rarely characterized. METHODS A family dyad, both cochlear implant recipients, presented with a hearing history of bilateral, progressive SNHL, and ANSD. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify coding sequence variants shared by both family members, and screened against genes relevant to hearing loss and variants known to be associated with SNHL and ANSD. RESULTS Both family members are successful cochlear implant users, demonstrating effective auditory nerve stimulation with their devices. Genetic analyses revealed a mutation (rs35725509) in the TMTC2 gene, which has been reported previously as a likely genetic cause of SNHL in another family of Northern European descent. CONCLUSION This study represents the first confirmation of the rs35725509 variant in an independent family as a likely cause for the complex hearing loss phenotype (SNHL and ANSD) observed in this family dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Guillen‐Ahlers
- Department of GeneticsTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Present address:
Department of Internal MedicineSection of Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Christy B. Erbe
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | | | - Maria J. Montoya
- Department of GeneticsTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Department of Biostatistical SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Department of GeneticsTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Present address:
Department of Internal MedicineSection of Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Christina L. Runge
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
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13
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Han KH, Oh DY, Lee S, Lee C, Han JH, Kim MY, Park HR, Park MK, Kim NKD, Lee J, Yi E, Kim JM, Kim JW, Chae JH, Oh SH, Park WY, Choi BY. ATP1A3 mutations can cause progressive auditory neuropathy: a new gene of auditory synaptopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16504. [PMID: 29184165 PMCID: PMC5705773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiologies and prevalence of sporadic, postlingual-onset, progressive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) have rarely been documented. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and molecular etiologies of these cases. Three out of 106 sporadic progressive hearing losses turned out to manifest ANSD. Through whole exome sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis, two out of the three were found to share a de novo variant, p.E818K of ATP1A3, which had been reported to cause exclusively CAPOS (cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss) syndrome. However, hearing loss induced by CAPOS has never been characterized to date. Interestingly, the first proband did not manifest any features of CAPOS, except subclinical areflexia; however, the phenotypes of second proband was compatible with that of CAPOS, making this the first reported CAPOS allele in Koreans. This ANSD phenotype was compatible with known expression of ATP1A3 mainly in the synapse between afferent nerve and inner hair cells. Based on this, cochlear implantation (CI) was performed in the first proband, leading to remarkable benefits. Collectively, the de novo ATP1A3 variant can cause postlingual-onset auditory synaptopathy, making this gene a significant contributor to sporadic progressive ANSD and a biomarker ensuring favorable short-term CI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chung Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung K D Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Yi
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Whun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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14
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Lang-Roth R, Fischer-Krall E, Kornblum C, Nürnberg G, Meschede D, Goebel I, Nürnberg P, Beutner D, Kubisch C, Walger M, Volk AE. AUNA2: A Novel Type of Non-Syndromic Slowly Progressive Auditory Synaptopathy/Auditory Neuropathy with Autosomal-Dominant Inheritance. Audiol Neurootol 2017; 22:30-40. [PMID: 28601886 DOI: 10.1159/000474929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory synaptopathy/neuropathy (AS/AN) is a heterogeneous disorder, which may be caused by environmental factors like postnatal hyperbilirubinemia or by genetic factors. The genetic forms are subdivided into syndromic and non-syndromic types, and show different inheritance patterns with a strong preponderance of autosomal-recessive forms. To date, only a single locus for non-syndromic autosomal-dominant AS/AN (AUNA1) has been reported in a single family, in which a non-coding DIAPH3 mutation was subsequently described as causative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we report detailed clinical data on a large German AS/AN family with slowly progressive postlingual hearing loss. Affected family members developed their first symptoms in their second decade. Moderate hearing loss in the fourth decade then progressed to profound hearing impairment in older family members. Comprehensive audiological and neurological tests were performed in the affected family members. Genetic testing comprised linkage analyses with polymorphic markers and a genome-wide linkage analysis using the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Mapping 250K. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We identified a large family with autosomal-dominant AS/AN. By means of linkage analyses, the AUNA1 locus was excluded, and putatively linked regions on chromosomal bands 12q24 and 13q34 were identified as likely carrying the second locus for autosomal-dominant AS/AN (AUNA2). AUNA2 is associated with a slowly progressive postlingual hearing loss without any evidence for additional symptoms in other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Lang-Roth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Sánchez-Martínez A, Benito-Orejas JI, Tellería-Orriols JJ, Alonso-Ramos MJ. Autosomal Dominant Auditory Neuropathy and Variant DIAPH3 (c.-173C>T). ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Tang F, Ma D, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Liu F, Wang Q, Lu Q, Shi M, Xu L, Liu M, Liang J. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in the OTOF Gene identified by whole-exome sequencing in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28335750 PMCID: PMC5364697 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Many hearing-loss diseases are demonstrated to have Mendelian inheritance caused by mutations in single gene. However, many deaf individuals have diseases that remain genetically unexplained. Auditory neuropathy is a sensorineural deafness in which sounds are able to be transferred into the inner ear normally but the transmission of the signals from inner ear to auditory nerve and brain is injured, also known as auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The pathogenic mutations of the genes responsible for the Chinese ANSD population remain poorly understood. Methods A total of 127 patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) were enrolled in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. A hereditary deafness gene mutation screening was performed to identify the mutation sites in four deafness-related genes (GJB2, GJB3, 12S rRNA, and SLC26A4). In addition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to explore unappreciated mutation sites in the cases with the singularity of its phenotype. Results Well-characterized mutations were found in only 8.7% (11/127) of the patients. Interestingly, two mutations in the OTOF gene were identified in two affected siblings with ANSD from a Chinese family, including one nonsense mutation c.1273C > T (p.R425X) and one missense mutation c.4994 T > C (p.L1665P). Furthermore, we employed Sanger sequencing to confirm the mutations in each subject. Two compound heterozygous mutations in the OTOF gene were observed in the two affected siblings, whereas the two parents and unaffected sister were heterozygous carriers of c.1273C > T (father and sister) and c.4994 T > C (mother). The nonsense mutation p.R425X, contributes to a premature stop codon, may result in a truncated polypeptide, which strongly suggests its pathogenicity for ANSD. The missense mutation p.L1665P results in a single amino acid substitution in a highly conserved region. Conclusions Two mutations in the OTOF gene in the Chinese deaf population were recognized for the first time. These findings not only extend the OTOF gene mutation spectrum for ANSD but also indicate that whole-exome sequencing is an effective approach to clarify the genetic characteristics in non-syndromic ANSD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0400-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- CapitalBio Technology Co., Ltd., Building C, Block 88 Kechuang 6th Street, Yizhuang Biomedical Park, Beijing Economic- Technological Development Area, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CapitalBio Technology Co., Ltd., Building C, Block 88 Kechuang 6th Street, Yizhuang Biomedical Park, Beijing Economic- Technological Development Area, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Yuecai Qiu
- CapitalBio Technology Co., Ltd., Building C, Block 88 Kechuang 6th Street, Yizhuang Biomedical Park, Beijing Economic- Technological Development Area, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- CapitalBio Technology Co., Ltd., Building C, Block 88 Kechuang 6th Street, Yizhuang Biomedical Park, Beijing Economic- Technological Development Area, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Qiutian Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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17
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Remodeling of the Inner Hair Cell Microtubule Meshwork in a Mouse Model of Auditory Neuropathy AUNA1. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0295-16. [PMID: 28058271 PMCID: PMC5197407 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0295-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy 1 (AUNA1) is a form of human deafness resulting from a point mutation in the 5′ untranslated region of the Diaphanous homolog 3 (DIAPH3) gene. Notably, the DIAPH3 mutation leads to the overexpression of the DIAPH3 protein, a formin family member involved in cytoskeleton dynamics. Through study of diap3-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice, we examine in further detail the anatomical, functional, and molecular mechanisms underlying AUNA1. We identify diap3 as a component of the hair cells apical pole in wild-type mice. In the diap3-overexpressing Tg mice, which show a progressive threshold shift associated with a defect in inner hair cells (IHCs), the neurotransmitter release and potassium conductances are not affected. Strikingly, the overexpression of diap3 results in a selective and early-onset alteration of the IHC cuticular plate. Molecular dissection of the apical components revealed that the microtubule meshwork first undergoes aberrant targeting into the cuticular plate of Tg IHCs, followed by collapse of the stereociliary bundle, with eventual loss of the IHC capacity to transmit incoming auditory stimuli.
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18
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de Carvalho GM, Z Ramos P, M Castilho A, C Guimarães A, L Sartorato E. Relationship Between Patients with Clinical Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder and Mutations in Gjb2 Gene. Open Neurol J 2016; 10:127-135. [PMID: 27843504 PMCID: PMC5080869 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01610010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory neuropathy is a condition which there is a dyssynchrony in the nerve conduction of the auditory nerve fibers. There is no evidence
about the relationship between patients with clinical auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and mutations in GJB2 gene. There are only two
studies about this topic in the medical literature. Connexin 26 (GJB2 gene) mutations are common causes of genetic deafness in many
populations and we also being reported in subjects with auditory neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Z Ramos
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center, CBMEG, Unicamp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur M Castilho
- Otologist, Otology, Audiology and Implantable Ear Prostheses, Unicamp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Guimarães
- Otologist, Otology, Audiology and Implantable Ear Prostheses, Unicamp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edi L Sartorato
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center, CBMEG, Unicamp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Sánchez-Martínez A, Benito-Orejas JI, Tellería-Orriols JJ, Alonso-Ramos MJ. Autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy and variant DIAPH3 (c.-173C>T). ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2016; 68:183-185. [PMID: 27658576 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Martínez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico-Facial, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España
| | - José I Benito-Orejas
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico-Facial, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España.
| | - Juan J Tellería-Orriols
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/CSIC, Valladolid, España
| | - María J Alonso-Ramos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/CSIC, Valladolid, España
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20
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Carvalho GMD, Ramos PZ, Castilho AM, Guimarães AC, Sartorato EL. Molecular study of patients with auditory neuropathy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:481-90. [PMID: 27177047 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy is a type of hearing loss that constitutes a change in the conduct of the auditory stimulus by the involvement of inner hair cells or auditory nerve synapses. It is characterized by the absence or alteration of waves in the examination of brainstem auditory evoked potentials, with otoacoustic and/or cochlear microphonic issues. At present, four loci associated with non‑syndromic auditory neuropathy have been mapped: Autosomal recessive deafness‑9 [DFNB9; the otoferlin (OTOF) gene] and autosomal recessive deafness‑59 [DFNB59; the pejvakin (PJVK) gene], associated with autosomal recessive inheritance; the autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy gene [AUNA1; the diaphanous‑3 (DIAPH3) gene]; and AUNX1, linked to chromosome X. Furthermore, mutations of connexin 26 [the gap junction β2 (GJB2) gene] have also been associated with the disease. OTOF gene mutations exert a significant role in auditory neuropathy. In excess of 80 pathogenic mutations have been identified in individuals with non‑syndromic deafness in populations of different origins, with an emphasis on the p.Q829X mutation, which was found in ~3% of cases of deafness in the Spanish population. The identification of genetic alterations responsible for auditory neuropathy is one of the challenges contributing to understand the molecular bases of the different phenotypes of hearing loss. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate molecular changes in the OTOF gene in patients with auditory neuropathy, and to develop a DNA chip for the molecular diagnosis of auditory neuropathy using mass spectrometry for genotyping. Genetic alterations were investigated in 47 patients with hearing loss and clinical diagnosis of auditory neuropathy, and the c.35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene was identified in three homozygous patients, and the heterozygous parents of one of these cases. Additionally, OTOF gene mutations were tracked by complete sequencing of 48 exons, although these results are still preliminary. Studying the genetic basis of auditory neuropathy is of utmost importance for obtaining a differential diagnosis, developing more specific treatments and more accurate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Machado De Carvalho
- Otology, Audiology and Implantable Ear Prostheses, Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery Department, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13081‑970, Brazil
| | - Priscila Zonzini Ramos
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center‑CBMEG, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13081‑970, Brazil
| | - Arthur Menino Castilho
- Otology, Audiology and Implantable Ear Prostheses, Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery Department, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13081‑970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Caixeta Guimarães
- Otology, Audiology and Implantable Ear Prostheses, Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery Department, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13081‑970, Brazil
| | - Edi Lúcia Sartorato
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center‑CBMEG, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo 13081‑970, Brazil
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21
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ACEMg Diet Supplement Modifies Progression of Hereditary Deafness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22690. [PMID: 26965868 PMCID: PMC4786814 DOI: 10.1038/srep22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements consisting of beta-carotene (precursor to vitamin A), vitamins C and E and the mineral magnesium (ACEMg) can be beneficial for reducing hearing loss due to aminoglycosides and overstimulation. This regimen also slowed progression of deafness for a boy with GJB2 (CONNEXIN 26) mutations. To assess the potential for treating GJB2 and other forms of hereditary hearing loss with ACEMg, we tested the influence of ACEMg on the cochlea and hearing of mouse models for two human mutations: GJB2, the leading cause of childhood deafness, and DIAPH3, a cause of auditory neuropathy. One group of mice modeling GJB2 (Gjb2-CKO) received ACEMg diet starting shortly after they were weaned (4 weeks) until 16 weeks of age. Another group of Gjb2-CKO mice received ACEMg in utero and after weaning. The ACEMg diet was given to mice modeling DIAPH3 (Diap3-Tg) after weaning (4 weeks) until 12 weeks of age. Control groups received food pellets without the ACEMg supplement. Hearing thresholds measured by auditory brainstem response were significantly better for Gjb2-CKO mice fed ACEMg than for the control diet group. In contrast, Diap3-Tg mice displayed worse thresholds than controls. These results indicate that ACEMg supplementation can influence the progression of genetic hearing loss.
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22
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common form of hearing loss, and encompasses pathologies of the cochlea and the auditory nerve. Hearing impairment caused by abnormal neural encoding of sound stimuli despite preservation of sensory transduction and amplification by outer hair cells is known as 'auditory neuropathy'. This term was originally coined for a specific type of hearing impairment affecting speech comprehension beyond changes in audibility: patients with this condition report that they "can hear but cannot understand". This type of hearing impairment can be caused by damage to the sensory inner hair cells (IHCs), IHC ribbon synapses or spiral ganglion neurons. Human genetic and physiological studies, as well as research on animal models, have recently shown that disrupted IHC ribbon synapse function--resulting from genetic alterations that affect presynaptic glutamate loading of synaptic vesicles, Ca(2+) influx, or synaptic vesicle exocytosis--leads to hearing impairment termed 'auditory synaptopathy'. Moreover, animal studies have demonstrated that sound overexposure causes excitotoxic loss of IHC ribbon synapses. This mechanism probably contributes to hearing disorders caused by noise exposure or age-related hearing loss. This Review provides an update on recently elucidated sensory, synaptic and neural mechanisms of hearing impairment, their corresponding clinical findings, and discusses current rehabilitation strategies as well as future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arnold Starr
- Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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23
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Lepcha A, Chandran RK, Alexander M, Agustine AM, Thenmozhi K, Balraj A. Neurological associations in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: Results from a tertiary hospital in South India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2015; 18:171-80. [PMID: 26019414 PMCID: PMC4445192 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.150578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To find out the prevalence and types of neurological abnormalities associated in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in a large tertiary referral center. Settings and Design: A prospective clinical study was conducted on all patients diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and neurology departments during a 17-month period. Patients with neurological abnormalities on history and examination were further assessed by a neurologist to determine the type of disorder present. Results: The frequency of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder was 1.12%. Sixty percent were found to have neurological involvement. This included cerebral palsy in children, peripheral neuropathy (PN), spinocerebellar ataxia, hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy, spastic paresis, and ponto-bulbar palsy. Neurological lesions did not present simultaneously with hearing loss in most patients. Sixty-six percent of patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder were born of consanguineous marriages. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of neurological lesions in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder which has to be kept in mind while evaluating such patients. Follow-up and counselling regarding the appearance of neuropathies is therefore important in such patients. A hereditary etiology is indicated in a majority of cases of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Lepcha
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reni K Chandran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew Alexander
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ann Mary Agustine
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Thenmozhi
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Achamma Balraj
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vona B, Nanda I, Hofrichter MAH, Shehata-Dieler W, Haaf T. Non-syndromic hearing loss gene identification: A brief history and glimpse into the future. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:260-70. [PMID: 25845345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
From the first identified non-syndromic hearing loss gene in 1995, to those discovered in present day, the field of human genetics has witnessed an unparalleled revolution that includes the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 to the $1000 genome in 2014. This review highlights the classical and cutting-edge strategies for non-syndromic hearing loss gene identification that have been used throughout the twenty year history with a special emphasis on how the innovative breakthroughs in next generation sequencing technology have forever changed candidate gene approaches. The simplified approach afforded by next generation sequencing technology provides a second chance for the many linked loci in large and well characterized families that have been identified by linkage analysis but have presently failed to identify a causative gene. It also discusses some complexities that may restrict eventual candidate gene discovery and calls for novel approaches to answer some of the questions that make this simple Mendelian disorder so intriguing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Wafaa Shehata-Dieler
- Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Jin YJ, Park J, Kim AR, Rah YC, Choi BY. Identification of a novel splice site variant of OTOF in the Korean nonsyndromic hearing loss population with low prevalence of the OTOF mutations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1030-5. [PMID: 24814232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To describe the frequency of the OTOF mutations among Korean ARNSHL (autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss) populations; (2) to report the vertical transmission of DFNB9 in a family, where two related DFNB9 patients in the family manifested a different audiological phenotype. METHOD We analyzed the prevalence of OTOF mutations among 71 Korean sporadic or possible ARNSHL pediatric patients, as well as among AN/AD (auditory neuropathy/auditory dys-synchrony) patients by direct PCR (polymerase chain reaction) sequencing or targeted resequencing of known deafness genes. RESULTS The AN/AD phenotype which was characterized by preservation of OAE (otoacoustic emission) was present in 5 (7%) of 71 probands, and the prevalence of OTOF mutations was calculated to be 20% (1/5) and 1.4% (1/71) among AN/AD patients and total sporadic/ARNSHL patients, respectively. PJVK mutations did not account for Non-DFNB9 AN/AD patients. To our interest, the only proband (SB4-11) with two OTOF mutant alleles in our cohort had deaf parents, who also turned out to be DFNB9. We identified a novel splice site variant of OTOF from the mother (SB4-13) of SB4-11. This was the first observation of vertical transmission of DFNB9 phenotype from parents to son in this population where the prevalence of OTOF is very low and consanguineous marriage is not allowed. Another DFNB9 patient (SB4-12), the father of SB4-11, carried a homozygous p.Y374X mutation that affected only the long isoform of OTOF and did not manifest AN/AD. CONCLUSION The OTOF mutations do not contribute significantly to Korean ARNSHL and AN/AD unlike in Japan and Taiwan. This low prevalence mandates a search for other etiologies. Our observation of the discordant audiologic phenotype within the same DFNB9 family is more likely due to the loss of OAE over time rather than a genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Bae SH, Baek JI, Lee JD, Song MH, Kwon TJ, Oh SK, Jeong JY, Choi JY, Lee KY, Kim UK. Genetic analysis of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in the Korean population. Gene 2013; 522:65-9. [PMID: 23562982 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is caused by dys-synchronous auditory neural response as a result of impairment of the functions of the auditory nerve or inner hair cells, or synapses between inner hair cells and the auditory nerve. To identify a causative gene causing ANSD in the Korean population, we conducted gene screening of the OTOF, DIAPH3, and PJVK genes in 19 unrelated Korean patients with ANSD. A novel nonsense mutation (p.Y1064X) and a known pathogenic mutation (p.R1939Q) of the OTOF gene were identified in a patient as compound heterozygote. Pedigree analysis for these mutations showed co-segregation of mutation genotype and the disease in the family, and it supported that the p.Y1064X might be a novel genetic cause of autosomal recessive ANSD. A novel missense variant p.K1017R (c.3050A>G) in the DIAPH3 gene was also identified in the heterozygous state. In contrast, no mutation was detected in the PJVK gene. These results indicate that no major causative gene has been reported to date in the Korean population and that pathogenic mutations in undiscovered candidate genes may have an effect on ANSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Bae
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Schoen CJ, Burmeister M, Lesperance MM. Diaphanous homolog 3 (Diap3) overexpression causes progressive hearing loss and inner hair cell defects in a transgenic mouse model of human deafness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56520. [PMID: 23441200 PMCID: PMC3575478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a mutation in the 5′ untranslated region of Diaphanous homolog 3 (DIAPH3) results in 2 to 3-fold overexpression of the gene, leading to a form of delayed onset, progressive human deafness known as AUNA1 (auditory neuropathy, nonsyndromic, autosomal dominant, 1). To investigate the mechanism of deafness, we generated two lines of transgenic mice overexpressing Diap3, the murine ortholog of DIAPH3, on an FVB/NJ background. Line 771 exhibits a relatively mild 20 dB hearing loss at 12 kHz at 4 and 8 weeks of age, progressing to 40 dB and 60 dB losses at 16 and 24 weeks, respectively, at 12 and 24 kHz. Line 924 shows no hearing loss at 4 or 8 weeks, but manifests 35 and 50 dB threshold shifts at 16 and 24 weeks, respectively, at both 12 and 24 kHz. Notably, mice from the two transgenic lines retain distortion product otoacoustic emissions, indicative of normal cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) function despite elevation of auditory thresholds. Scanning electron microscopy of the organ of Corti demonstrates striking anomalies of the inner hair cell (IHC) stereocilia, while OHCs are essentially intact. Over time, IHCs of both lines develop elongated stereocilia that appear fused with neighboring stereocilia, in parallel to the time course of hearing loss in each line. Furthermore, we observe significant reduction in the number of IHC ribbon synapses over 24 weeks in both lines, although this reduction does not correlate temporally with onset and progression of hearing loss or stereociliary anomalies. In summary, overexpression of wild-type Diap3 in two lines of transgenic mice results in hearing loss that recapitulates human AUNA1 deafness. These findings suggest an essential role of Diap3 in regulating assembly and/or maintenance of actin filaments in IHC stereocilia, as well as a potential role at the IHC ribbon synapse.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Auditory Threshold
- Deafness/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/ultrastructure
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- NADPH Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Stereocilia/pathology
- Stereocilia/ultrastructure
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Schoen
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marci M. Lesperance
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shibata SB, Budenz CL, Bowling SA, Pfingst BE, Raphael Y. Nerve maintenance and regeneration in the damaged cochlea. Hear Res 2011; 281:56-64. [PMID: 21596129 PMCID: PMC3196294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Following the onset of sensorineural hearing loss, degeneration of mechanosensitive hair cells and spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) in humans and animals occurs to variable degrees, with a trend for greater neural degeneration with greater duration of deafness. Emergence of the cochlear implant prosthesis has provided much needed aid to many hearing impaired patients and has become a well-recognized therapy worldwide. However, ongoing peripheral nerve fiber regression and subsequent degeneration of SGC bodies can reduce the neural targets of cochlear implant stimulation and diminish its function. There is increasing interest in bio-engineering approaches that aim to enhance cochlear implant efficacy by preventing SGC body degeneration and/or regenerating peripheral nerve fibers into the deaf sensory epithelium. We review the advancements in maintaining and regenerating nerves in damaged animal cochleae, with an emphasis on the therapeutic capacity of neurotrophic factors delivered to the inner ear after an insult. Additionally, we summarize the histological process of neuronal degeneration in the inner ear and describe different animal models that have been employed to study this mechanism. Research on enhancing the biological infrastructure of the deafened cochlea in order to improve cochlear implant efficacy is of immediate clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji B. Shibata
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5648, USA
| | - Cameron L. Budenz
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5648, USA
| | - Sara A. Bowling
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5648, USA
| | - Bryan E. Pfingst
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5648, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5648, USA
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The genetic basis of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:151-8. [PMID: 21176974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory neuropathy is a hearing disorder where outer hair cell function within the cochlea is normal, but inner hair cell and/or the auditory nerve function is disrupted. It is a heterogeneous disorder which can have either congenital or acquired causes. Furthermore, the aetiology of auditory neuropathy is vast, which may include prematurity, hyperbilirubinaemia, anoxia, hypoxia, congenital brain anomalies, ototoxic drug exposure, and genetic factors. It is estimated that approximately 40% of cases have an underlying genetic basis, which can be inherited in both syndromic and non syndromic conditions. This review paper provides an overview of the genetic conditions associated with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSDs) and highlights some of the defective genes that have been found to be linked to the pathological auditory changes. METHOD Literature search was conducted using a number of resources including textbooks, professional journals and the relevant websites. RESULTS The largest proportion of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSDs) is due to genetic factors which can be syndromic, non-syndromic or mitochondrial related. The inheritance pattern can include all the four main types of inheritances such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked and mitochondrial. CONCLUSION This paper has provided an overview of mutation with some of the genes and/or loci discovered to be the cause for auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSDs). It has been noted that different gene mutations may trigger different pathological changes in patients with this disorder. These discoveries have provided us with vital information as to the sites of pathology in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSDs), and the results highlight the heterogeneity of the disorder.
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Dror AA, Avraham KB. Hearing Impairment: A Panoply of Genes and Functions. Neuron 2010; 68:293-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Increased activity of Diaphanous homolog 3 (DIAPH3)/diaphanous causes hearing defects in humans with auditory neuropathy and in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:13396-401. [PMID: 20624953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003027107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy is a rare form of deafness characterized by an absent or abnormal auditory brainstem response with preservation of outer hair cell function. We have identified Diaphanous homolog 3 (DIAPH3) as the gene responsible for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic auditory neuropathy (AUNA1), which we previously mapped to chromosome 13q21-q24. Genotyping of additional family members narrowed the interval to an 11-Mb, 3.28-cM gene-poor region containing only four genes, including DIAPH3. DNA sequencing of DIAPH3 revealed a c.-172G>A, g. 48G>A mutation in a highly conserved region of the 5' UTR. The c.-172G>A mutation occurs within a GC box sequence element and was not found in 379 controls. Using genome-wide expression arrays and quantitative RT-PCR, we demonstrate a 2- to 3-fold overexpression of DIAPH3 mRNA in lymphoblastoid cell lines from affected individuals. Likewise, a significant increase (approximately 1.5-fold) in DIAPH3 protein was found by quantitative immunoblotting of lysates from lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from affected individuals in comparison with controls. In addition, the c.-172G>A mutation is sufficient to drive overexpression of a luciferase reporter. Finally, the expression of a constitutively active form of diaphanous protein in the auditory organ of Drosophila melanogaster recapitulates the phenotype of impaired response to sound. To date, only two genes, the otoferlin gene OTOF and the pejvakin gene PJVK, are known to underlie nonsyndromic auditory neuropathy. Genetic testing for DIAPH3 may be useful for individuals with recessive as well as dominant inheritance of nonsyndromic auditory neuropathy.
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Grati FR, Lesperance MM, De Toffol S, Chinetti S, Selicorni A, Emery S, Grimi B, Dulcetti F, Malvestiti B, Taylor J, Milani S, Ruggeri AM, Maggi F, Simoni G. Pure monosomy and pure trisomy of 13q21.2-31.1 consequent to a familial insertional translocation: exclusion of PCDH9 as the responsible gene for autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy (AUNA1). Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:906-13. [PMID: 19353688 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insertional translocations (IT) are rare structural rearrangements. Offspring of IT balanced carriers are at high risk to have either pure partial trisomy or monosomy for the inserted segment as manifested by "pure" phenotypes. We describe an IT between chromosomes 3 and 13 segregating in a three-generation pedigree. Short tandem repeat (STR) segregation analysis and array-comparative genomic hybridization were used to define the IT as a 25.1 Mb segment spanning 13q21.2-q31.1. The phenotype of pure monosomy included deafness, duodenal stenosis, developmental and growth delay, vertebral anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms; the trisomy was manifested by only minor dysmorphisms. As the AUNA1 deafness locus on 13q14-21 overlaps the IT in the PCDH9 (protocadherin-9) gene region, PCDH9 was investigated as a candidate gene for deafness in both families. Genotyping of STRs and single nucleotide polymorphisms defined the AUNA1 breakpoint as 35 kb 5' to PCDH9, with a 2.4 Mb area of overlap with the IT. DNA sequencing of coding regions in the AUNA1 family and in the retained homologue chromosome in the monosomic patient revealed no mutations. We conclude that AUNA1 deafness does not share a common etiology with deafness associated with monosomy 13q21.2-q31.3; deafness may result from monosomy of PCHD9 or another gene in the IT, as has been demonstrated in contiguous gene deletion syndromes. Precise characterization of the breakpoints of the translocated region is useful to identify which genes may be contributing to the phenotype, either through haploinsufficiency or extra dosage effects, in order to define genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Grati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays SpA, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy.
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Romanos J, Kimura L, Fávero ML, Izarra FAR, de Mello Auricchio MTB, Batissoco AC, Lezirovitz K, Abreu-Silva RS, Mingroni-Netto RC. Novel OTOF mutations in Brazilian patients with auditory neuropathy. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:382-5. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vlastarakos PV, Nikolopoulos TP, Tavoulari E, Papacharalambous G, Korres S. Auditory neuropathy: endocochlear lesion or temporal processing impairment? Implications for diagnosis and management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 72:1135-50. [PMID: 18502518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony, characterized by absent auditory brainstem responses, normal otoacoustic emissions or cochlear microphonics, and word discrimination disproportional to the pure-tone audiogram, may be accompanied by perceptual consequences that could jeopardize language acquisition in affected children. However, the related evidence is constantly changing leading to a serious debate. The aim of the present paper is to review the current knowledge on auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony, and to present the therapeutic strategies that can be employed in its management, taking into account the potentially underlying pathophysiology. MATERIALS/METHODS Literature review from Medline and database sources. Related books were also included. STUDY SELECTION Controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, nested-based case-control and analytical family studies, laboratory and electrophysiological studies, animal models, case-reports, joint statements and review articles. DATA SYNTHESIS Auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony, in contrast to what is widely believed, is a very frequent disease, responsible for approximately 8% of newly diagnosed cases of hearing loss in children per year. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoxia represent major risk factors, whereas generalized neuropathic disorders, or a genetic substrate involving the otoferlin gene, are responsible for the phenotype of auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony in certain cases. Auditory nerve myelinopathy and/or desynchrony of neural discharges are the most probable underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Genetic testing may be helpful in cases of non-syndromic prelingual children. Auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony management aims at restoring the compromised processing of auditory information, either through conventional amplification and/or alternative forms of communication, or by cochlear implantation (combined with intensive speech and language therapy). CONCLUSION Auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony is more frequent than considered in the past, especially amongst hearing-impaired children. Accurate diagnosis, based on subjective and objective hearing assessment techniques (including the various electrophysiological assessment measures), and timely treatment of the affected children is of paramount importance, with hearing aids, intensive speech and language therapy (and sign language when indicated) providing the mainstay of habilitation, and cochlear implantation representing a valid therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros V Vlastarakos
- ENT Department, Hippokrateion General Hospital of Athens, 114 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Ruel J, Emery S, Nouvian R, Bersot T, Amilhon B, Van Rybroek JM, Rebillard G, Lenoir M, Eybalin M, Delprat B, Sivakumaran TA, Giros B, El Mestikawy S, Moser T, Smith RJ, Lesperance MM, Puel JL. Impairment of SLC17A8 encoding vesicular glutamate transporter-3, VGLUT3, underlies nonsyndromic deafness DFNA25 and inner hair cell dysfunction in null mice. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 83:278-92. [PMID: 18674745 PMCID: PMC2495073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant sensorineural hearing loss is genetically heterogeneous, with a phenotype closely resembling presbycusis, the most common sensory defect associated with aging in humans. We have identified SLC17A8, which encodes the vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3), as the gene responsible for DFNA25, an autosomal-dominant form of progressive, high-frequency nonsyndromic deafness. In two unrelated families, a heterozygous missense mutation, c.632C-->T (p.A211V), was found to segregate with DFNA25 deafness and was not present in 267 controls. Linkage-disequilibrium analysis suggested that the families have a distant common ancestor. The A211 residue is conserved in VGLUT3 across species and in all human VGLUT subtypes (VGLUT1-3), suggesting an important functional role. In the cochlea, VGLUT3 accumulates glutamate in the synaptic vesicles of the sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) before releasing it onto receptors of auditory-nerve terminals. Null mice with a targeted deletion of Slc17a8 exon 2 lacked auditory-nerve responses to acoustic stimuli, although auditory brainstem responses could be elicited by electrical stimuli, and robust otoacoustic emissions were recorded. Ca(2+)-triggered synaptic-vesicle turnover was normal in IHCs of Slc17a8 null mice when probed by membrane capacitance measurements at 2 weeks of age. Later, the number of afferent synapses, spiral ganglion neurons, and lateral efferent endings below sensory IHCs declined. Ribbon synapses remaining by 3 months of age had a normal ultrastructural appearance. We conclude that deafness in Slc17a8-deficient mice is due to a specific defect of vesicular glutamate uptake and release and that VGLUT3 is essential for auditory coding at the IHC synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ruel
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Emery
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5241, USA
| | - Régis Nouvian
- InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology and Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University of Goettingen Medical School, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Tiphaine Bersot
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jana M. Van Rybroek
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guy Rebillard
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lenoir
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Eybalin
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Delprat
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Theru A. Sivakumaran
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5241, USA
| | - Bruno Giros
- Inserm U 513, 9 Quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris, France
| | | | - Tobias Moser
- InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology and Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University of Goettingen Medical School, Goettingen 37075, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Richard J.H. Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marci M. Lesperance
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5241, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- Inserm U 583, Institut des Neurosciences, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34091 Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34091 Montpellier, France
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Rodríguez-Ballesteros M, Reynoso R, Olarte M, Villamar M, Morera C, Santarelli R, Arslan E, Medá C, Curet C, Völter C, Sainz-Quevedo M, Castorina P, Ambrosetti U, Berrettini S, Frei K, Tedín S, Smith J, Cruz Tapia M, Cavallé L, Gelvez N, Primignani P, Gómez-Rosas E, Martín M, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Tamayo M, Moreno-Barral J, Moreno F, del Castillo I. A multicenter study on the prevalence and spectrum of mutations in the otoferlin gene (OTOF) in subjects with nonsyndromic hearing impairment and auditory neuropathy. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:823-31. [PMID: 18381613 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) is a heterogeneous condition, for which 53 genetic loci have been reported, and 29 genes have been identified to date. One of these, OTOF, encodes otoferlin, a membrane-anchored calcium-binding protein that plays a role in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the auditory inner hair cell ribbon synapse. We have investigated the prevalence and spectrum of deafness-causing mutations in the OTOF gene. Cohorts of 708 Spanish, 83 Colombian, and 30 Argentinean unrelated subjects with autosomal recessive NSHI were screened for the common p.Gln829X mutation. In compound heterozygotes, the second mutant allele was identified by DNA sequencing. In total, 23 Spanish, two Colombian and two Argentinean subjects were shown to carry two mutant alleles of OTOF. Of these, one Colombian and 13 Spanish subjects presented with auditory neuropathy. In addition, a cohort of 20 unrelated subjects with a diagnosis of auditory neuropathy, from several countries, was screened for mutations in OTOF by DNA sequencing. A total of 11 of these subjects were shown to carry two mutant alleles of OTOF. In total, 18 pathogenic and four neutral novel alleles of the OTOF gene were identified. Haplotype analysis for markers close to OTOF suggests a common founder for the novel c.2905_2923delinsCTCCGAGCGCA mutation, frequently found in Argentina. Our results confirm that mutation of the OTOF gene correlates with a phenotype of prelingual, profound NSHI, and indicate that OTOF mutations are a major cause of inherited auditory neuropathy.
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Frequency-Specific Electrocochleography Indicates that Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms of Auditory Neuropathy Exist. Ear Hear 2008; 29:314-25. [DOI: 10.1097/aud.0b013e3181662c2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rapid cell-cycle reentry and cell death after acute inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene product in postnatal cochlear hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:781-5. [PMID: 18178626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708061105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike lower vertebrates, mammals are unable to replace damaged mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea. Recently, ablation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in undifferentiated mouse HC precursors was shown to cause cochlear HC proliferation and the generation of new HCs, raising the hope that inactivation of Rb in postmitotic HCs could trigger cell division and regenerate functional HCs postnatally. Here, we acutely inactivated Rb in nearly all cochlear HCs of newborn mice, using a newly developed HC-specific inducible Cre mouse line. Beginning 48 h after Rb deletion, approximately 40% of HCs were in the S and M phases of the cell cycle, demonstrating an overriding role for Rb in maintaining the quiescent state of postnatal HCs. Unlike Rb-null HC precursors, such HCs failed to undergo cell division and died rapidly. HC clusters were restricted to the less differentiated cochlear regions, consistent with differentiation-dependent roles of Rb. Moreover, outer HCs expressed the maturation marker prestin, suggesting an embryonic time window for Rb-dependent HC specification. We conclude that Rb plays essential and age-dependent roles during HC proliferation and differentiation, and, in contrast to previous hypotheses, cell death after forced cell-cycle reentry presents a major challenge for mammalian HC regeneration from residual postnatal HCs.
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Prevalencia de la neuropatía auditiva: estudio prospectivo en un hospital de tercer nivel. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(07)74920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schlade-Bartusiak K, Macintyre G, Zunich J, Cox DW. A child with deletion (14)(q24.3q32.13) and auditory neuropathy. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 146A:117-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rodríguez Domínguez FJ, Cubillana Herrero JD, Cañizares Gallardo N, Pérez Aguilera R. Prevalence of Auditory Neuropathy: Prospective Study in a Tertiary-Care Center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(07)70342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang QJ, Li QZ, Rao SQ, Lee K, Huang XS, Yang WY, Zhai SQ, Guo WW, Guo YF, Yu N, Zhao YL, Yuan H, Guan J, Leal SM, Han DY, Shen Y. AUNX1, a novel locus responsible for X linked recessive auditory and peripheral neuropathy, maps to Xq23-27.3. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e33. [PMID: 16816020 PMCID: PMC2564562 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.037929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report here the genetic characterisation of a large five generation Chinese family with the phenotypic features of auditory neuropathy and progressive peripheral sensory neuropathy, and the genetic feature of X linked recessive inheritance. Disease onset was at adolescence (at an average age of 13 years for six affected subjects). The degree of hearing impairment varied from mild to severe, with decreased otoacoustic emissions; auditory brainstem responses were lacking from onset. METHODS Two-point and multipoint model based linkage analysis using the MILNK and LINKMAP programs of the FASTLINK software package produced maximum two-point and multipoint LOD scores of 2.41 and 2.41, respectively. RESULTS These findings define a novel X linked auditory neuropathy locus/region (AUNX1, Xq23-q27.3). This region is 42.09 cM long and contains a 28.07 Mb region with flanking markers DXS1220 and DXS8084, according to the Rutgers Combined Linkage-Physical Map, build 35. However, mutation screen of the candidate gene SLC6A14 within the region did not identify the causative genetic determinant for this large Chinese family.
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Noguchi Y, Kurima K, Makishima T, de Angelis MH, Fuchs H, Frolenkov G, Kitamura K, Griffith AJ. Multiple quantitative trait loci modify cochlear hair cell degeneration in the Beethoven (Tmc1Bth) mouse model of progressive hearing loss DFNA36. Genetics 2006; 173:2111-9. [PMID: 16648588 PMCID: PMC1569729 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.057372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations of transmembrane channel-like gene 1 (TMC1) cause progressive sensorineural hearing loss in humans and Beethoven (Tmc1Bth/+) mice. Here we show that Tmc1Bth/+ mice on a C3HeB/FeJ strain background have selective degeneration of inner hair cells while outer hair cells remain structurally and functionally intact. Inner hair cells primarily function as afferent sensory cells, whereas outer hair cells are electromotile amplifiers of auditory stimuli that can be functionally assessed by distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) analysis. When C3H-Tmc1Bth/Bth is crossed with either C57BL/6J or DBA/2J wild-type mice, F1 hybrid Tmc1Bth/+ progeny have increased hearing loss associated with increased degeneration of outer hair cells and diminution of DPOAE amplitudes but no difference in degeneration of inner hair cells. We mapped at least one quantitative trait locus (QTL), Tmc1m1, for DPOAE amplitude on chromosome 2 in [(C/B)F1xC]N2-Tmc1Bth/+ backcross progeny, and three other QTL on chromosomes 11 (Tmc1m2), 12 (Tmc1m3), and 5 (Tmc1m4) in [(C/D)F1xC]N2-Tmc1Bth/+ progeny. The polygenic basis of outer hair cell degeneration in Beethoven mice provides a model system for the dissection of common, complex hearing loss phenotypes, such as presbycusis, that involve outer hair cell degeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noguchi
- Section on Gene Structure and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850-3320, USA
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Gallo-Terán J, Morales-Angulo C, Sánchez N, Manrique M, Rodríguez-Ballesteros M, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Moreno E, del Castillo I. Neuropatía auditiva secundaria a la mutación Q829X en el gen de la otoferlina (OTOF) en un lactante sometido a screening neonatal de hipoacusia. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2006; 57:333-5. [PMID: 17036997 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(06)78722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report an infant with auditory neuropathy secondary to the Q829X mutation in the gene encoding otoferlin (OTOF). Included in a universal newborn hearing screening program, the subject passed the otoacoustic emission (OAEs) test. Given that the infant had a familial history of deafness auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed, revealing a profound hearing impairment. The genetic study confirmed that the subject was homozygous for the Q829X mutation in OTOF. The patient underwent a cochlear implant, obtaining satisfactory results. The moderately high prevalence of this mutation in the Spanish population could produce a significant false negative rate in newborn hearing screening programs using OAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallo-Terán
- Servicio de ORL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander
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