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Capalbo A, Cimadomo D, Coticchio G, Ottolini CS. An expert opinion on rescuing atypically pronucleated human zygotes by molecular genetic fertilization checks in IVF. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1869-1878. [PMID: 39043217 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IVF laboratories routinely adopt morphological pronuclear assessment at the zygote stage to identify abnormally fertilized embryos deemed unsuitable for clinical use. In essence, this is a pseudo-genetic test for ploidy motivated by the notion that biparental diploidy is required for normal human life and abnormal ploidy will lead to either failed implantation, miscarriage, or significant pregnancy complications, including molar pregnancy and chorionic carcinoma. Here, we review the literature associated with ploidy assessment of human embryos derived from zygotes displaying a pronuclear configuration other than the canonical two, and the related pregnancy outcome following transfer. We highlight that pronuclear assessment, although associated with aberrant ploidy outcomes, has a low specificity in the prediction of abnormal ploidy status in the developing embryo, while embryos deemed abnormally fertilized can yield healthy pregnancies. Therefore, this universal strategy of pronuclear assessment invariably leads to incorrect classification of over 50% of blastocysts derived from atypically pronucleated zygotes, and the systematic disposal of potentially viable embryos in IVF. To overcome this limitation of current practice, we discuss the new preimplantation genetic testing technologies that enable accurate identification of the ploidy status of preimplantation embryos and suggest a progress from morphology-based checks to molecular fertilization check as the new gold standard. This alternative molecular fertilization checking represents a possible non-incremental and controversy-free improvement to live birth rates in IVF as it adds to the pool of viable embryos available for transfer. This is especially important for the purposes of 'family building' or for poor-prognosis IVF patients where embryo numbers are often limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Capalbo
- Reproductive Genetics, Juno Genetics-Italy, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Christian Simon Ottolini
- Reproductive Genetics, Juno Genetics-Italy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, UCL Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Cecere F, Pignata L, Hay Mele B, Saadat A, D'Angelo E, Palumbo O, Palumbo P, Carella M, Scarano G, Rossi GB, Angelini C, Sparago A, Cerrato F, Riccio A. Co-Occurrence of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071944. [PMID: 37046605 PMCID: PMC10093120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CRC is an adult-onset carcinoma representing the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. EO-CRC (<45 years of age) accounts for 5% of the CRC cases and is associated with cancer-predisposing genetic factors in half of them. Here, we describe the case of a woman affected by BWSp who developed EO-CRC at age 27. To look for a possible molecular link between BWSp and EO-CRC, we analysed her whole-genome genetic and epigenetic profiles in blood, and peri-neoplastic and neoplastic colon tissues. The results revealed a general instability of the tumor genome, including copy number and methylation changes affecting genes of the WNT signaling pathway, CRC biomarkers and imprinted loci. At the germline level, two missense mutations predicted to be likely pathogenic were found in compound heterozygosity affecting the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) gene CFTR that has been recently classified as a tumor suppressor gene, whose dysregulation represents a severe risk factor for developing CRC. We also detected constitutional loss of methylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR that leads to bi-allelic expression of the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and BWSp. Our results support the hypothesis that the inherited CFTR mutations, together with constitutional loss of methylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR, initiate the tumorigenesis process. Further somatic genetic and epigenetic changes enhancing the activation of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway likely contributed to increase the growth advantage of cancer cells. Although this study does not provide any conclusive cause-effect relationship between BWSp and CRC, it is tempting to speculate that the imprinting defect of BWSp might accelerate tumorigenesis in adult cancer in the presence of predisposing genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cecere
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Pignata
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Abu Saadat
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emilia D'Angelo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pietro Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Scarano
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "San Pio" P."Gaetano Rummo", 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo (IAC) "Mauro Picone", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Sparago
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and e Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
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3
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Kim HY, Shin CH, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim GH, Ko JM. Deciphering Epigenetic Backgrounds in a Korean Cohort with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:668-677. [PMID: 35765875 PMCID: PMC9277041 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.6.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations at two imprinting centers (ICs) in the 11p15.5 region. Delineation of the molecular defects is important for prognosis and predicting familial recurrence. We evaluated epigenetic alterations and potential epigenotype–phenotype correlations in Korean children with BWS. Methods Forty children with BWS with proven genetic or epigenetic defects in the 11p15.5 region were included. The phenotype was scored using the BWS consensus scoring system. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA), bisulfite pyrosequencing, a single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray, and CDKN1C sequencing were used for confirmative diagnosis. Results Patients met the criteria for genetic testing, with a mean clinical score of 5.4±2.0. Methylation alterations were consistent between MS-MLPA and bisulfite pyrosequencing in all patients. Twenty-six patients (65.0%) had IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM), 11 (27.5%) had paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD), and one (2.5%) had IC1 gain of methylation. Macroglossia and external ear anomalies were more common in IC2-LoM than in patUPD, and lateralized overgrowth was more common in patUPD than in IC2-LoM (all P<0.05). Methylation levels at IC2 were inversely correlated with birth weight standard deviation score (r=–0.476, P=0.014) and clinical score (r=–0.520, P=0.006) in the IC2-LoM group. Conclusions Comprehensive molecular analysis of the 11p15.5 region revealed epigenotype–phenotype correlations in our BWS cohort. Bisulfite pyrosequencing can help clarify epigenotypes. Methylation levels were correlated with fetal growth and clinical severity in patients with BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Fujii S, Mochizuki K, Usui H, Kitagawa N, Umemoto S, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Otani M, Nozawa K, Kurosawa K, Kagami M, Shinkai M. Infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in an infant associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:161. [PMID: 36031652 PMCID: PMC9420681 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma are relatively common in benign pediatric liver tumors, coexistence of the two tumors is rare. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is also a rare disorder. We report the case of a baby girl born after a pregnancy complicated by placental mesenchymal dysplasia, who developed both infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. Case presentation The patient was born at 32 weeks and 5 days of gestation for impending placental abruption, weighing 1450 g. Liver tumors, composed of both hypervascular solid and large cystic lesions, were detected after birth and markedly increased to create abdominal distention within 9 months. Diagnostic imaging suspected the coexistence of infantile hepatic hemangioma and cystic hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. Following propranolol therapy for infantile hepatic hemangioma and needle puncture of a large cyst, the cystic lesions and adjacent hypervascular lesions were partially resected via laparotomy. Pathological findings confirmed the coexistence of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma and infantile hepatic hemangioma, which had no association with androgenetic/biparental mosaicism. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the tumor had not regrown after 3 years. Conclusions Although the coexistence of infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia is extremely rare, the pathological and pathogenetic similarities between these disorders suggest that they could have derived from similar embryologic origins rather than being a mere coincidence. Further follow-up is required, with careful attention to the potential for malignant hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma transformation.
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5
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Yu PT, Shu W, Mok SL, Hui PW, Chan LW, Kwok KY, Chan KYK, Lo TK, Chung BHY, Luk HM, Kan ASY. Prenatal presentation in two fetuses with features of Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome-An unexpected diagnosis of androgenetic chimera and its clinical implications. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1562-1567. [PMID: 35179302 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is an imprinting disorder that may present antenatally with a constellation of sonographic features namely polyhydramnios, macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele, placental mesenchymal dysplasia, cardiomegaly, nephromegaly, fetal hydrops, and other rare anomalies. Paternal uniparental disomy in chromosome 11p15 imprinting region accounts for 20% of all BWS, and 8% among those were due to genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy (GWpUPD). GWpUPD is a rare condition and usually results in prenatal lethality. The 31 liveborns reported in the literature demonstrate female predominance in surviving GWpUPD. Here, we reported two prenatal cases which initially presented with features suggestive of BWS, which subsequently were confirmed to have GWpUPD. Further trio SNP genotyping analysis using SNP-based chromosomal microarray revealed androgenetic biparental chimera as the underlying cause. Finally, we highlighted the importance of recognizing GWpUPD as a possible cause in a fetus presenting with BWS phenotype, as it carried a different disease prognosis, tumor predisposition, manifestations of other imprinting disorders, and possibility in unmasking autosomal recessive disorders from the paternal alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Tak Yu
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sau-Lan Mok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Pui-Wah Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Lin-Wai Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yin Kwok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Y K Chan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Kin Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Anita S Y Kan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
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6
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Martínez-Glez V, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Gordo G, Rodríguez-Laguna L, Feito M, de Lucas R, Pérez-Jurado LA, Ruiz Pérez VL, Torrelo A, Spinner NB, Happle R, Biesecker LG, Lapunzina P. A six-attribute classification of genetic mosaicism. Genet Med 2020; 22:1743-1757. [PMID: 32661356 PMCID: PMC8581815 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaicism denotes an individual who has at least two populations of cells with distinct genotypes that are derived from a single fertilized egg. Genetic variation among the cell lines can involve whole chromosomes, structural or copy number variants, small or single nucleotide variants, or epigenetic variants. The mutational events that underlie mosaic variants occur during mitotic cell divisions after fertilization and zygote formation. The initiating mutational event can occur in any types of cell at any time in development, leading to enormous variation in the distribution and phenotypic effect of mosaicism. A number of classification proposals have been put forward to classify genetic mosaicism into categories based on the location, pattern, and mechanisms of the disease. We here propose a new classification of genetic mosaicism that considers the affected tissue, the pattern and distribution of the mosaicism, the pathogenicity of the variant, the direction of the change (benign to pathogenic vs. pathogenic to benign), and the postzygotic mutational mechanism. The accurate and comprehensive categorization and subtyping of mosaicisms is important and has potential clinical utility to define the natural history of these disorders, tailor follow-up frequency and interventions, estimate recurrence risks, and guide therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Glez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jair Tenorio
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gema Gordo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Rodríguez-Laguna
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Feito
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl de Lucas
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia Medical and Health Research Institute (SAHMRI) and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Víctor L Ruiz Pérez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicines at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolf Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Gazzin A, Carli D, Sirchia F, Molinatto C, Cardaropoli S, Palumbo G, Zampino G, Ferrero GB, Mussa A. Phenotype evolution and health issues of adults with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1691-1702. [PMID: 31339634 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) phenotype usually mitigates with age and data on adulthood are limited. Our study aims at reporting phenotype evolution and health issues in adulthood. METHODS 34 patients (16 males), aged 18-58 years (mean 28.5) with BWS were enrolled. RESULTS 26 patients were molecularly confirmed, 5 tested negative, and 3 were not tested. Final tall stature was present in 44%. Four patients developed Wilms' Tumor (2, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively); one hepatoblastoma (22 years); one acute lymphoblastic leukemia (21 years); one adrenal adenoma and testicular Sertoli cell tumor (22 and 24 years, respectively); and three benign tumors (hepatic haemangioma, uterine myoma, and mammary fibroepithelioma). Surgery for BWS-related features was required in 85%. Despite surgical correction several patients presented morbidity and sequelae of BWS pediatric issues: pronunciation/swallow difficulties (n = 9) due to macroglossia, painful scoliosis (n = 4) consistent with lateralized overgrowth, recurrent urolithiasis (n = 4), azoospermia (n = 4) likely consequent to cryptorchidism, severe intellectual disability (n = 2) likely related to neonatal asphyxia and diabetes mellitus (n = 1) due to subtotal pancreatectomy for intractable hyperinsulinism. Four patients (two males) had healthy children (three physiologically conceived and one through assisted reproductive technology). CONCLUSIONS Adult health conditions in BWS are mostly consequent to pediatric issues, underlying the preventive role of follow-up strategies in childhood. Malignancy rate observed in early adulthood in this small cohort matches that observed in the first decade of life, cumulatively raising tumor rate in BWS to 20% during the observation period. Further studies are warranted in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzin
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Institute for Maternal Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Molinatto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Cardaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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8
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Postema FAM, Bliek J, van Noesel CJM, van Zutven LJCM, Oosterwijk JC, Hopman SMJ, Merks JHM, Hennekam RC. Multiple tumors due to mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27715. [PMID: 30882989 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy is an infrequently described disorder in which affected individuals have signs and symptoms that may resemble Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In addition, they can develop multiple benign and malignant tumors throughout life. Routine molecular diagnostics may not detect the (characteristic) low level of mosaicism, and the diagnosis is likely to be missed. Genetic counseling and a life-long alertness for the development of tumors is indicated. We describe the long diagnostic process of a patient who already had a tumor at birth and developed multiple tumors in childhood and adulthood. Furthermore, we offer clues to recognize the entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A M Postema
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M J Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Hernandez Mora JR, Tayama C, Sánchez-Delgado M, Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Hata K, Ogata T, Medrano J, Poo-Llanillo ME, Simón C, Moran S, Esteller M, Tenorio J, Lapunzina P, Kagami M, Monk D, Nakabayashi K. Characterization of parent-of-origin methylation using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array platform. Epigenomics 2018; 10:941-954. [PMID: 29962238 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to establish a catalog of probes corresponding to imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. MATERIALS & METHODS Reciprocal uniparental diploidies with low normal biparental mosaic contribution, together with normal diploid controls, were subjected to EPIC BeadChip hybridization. The methylation profiles were assessed for imprinted differential methylation. Top candidates were validated using locus-specific PCR-based assays. RESULTS Seven hundred and eighty-nine CpG probes coincided with 50 known imprinted DMRs and 467 CpG probes corresponding to 124 novel imprinted DMR candidates were identified. Validation led to identification of several subtle DMRs within known imprinted domains as well as novel maternally methylated regions associated with PTCHD3 and JAKMIP1. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive list of bona fide-imprinted DMR probes will simplify and facilitate methylation profiling of individuals with imprinting disorders and is applicable to other diseases in which aberrant imprinting has been implicated, such as cancer and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Hernandez Mora
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiharu Tayama
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marta Sánchez-Delgado
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monteagudo-Sánchez
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jose Medrano
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix SL, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obs/Gyn, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obs/Gyn, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Borgulová I, Soldatova I, Putzová M, Malíková M, Neupauerová J, Marková SP, Trková M, Seeman P. Genome-wide uniparental diploidy of all paternal chromosomes in an 11-year-old girl with deafness and without malignancy. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:803-810. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Brioude F, Kalish JM, Mussa A, Foster AC, Bliek J, Ferrero GB, Boonen SE, Cole T, Baker R, Bertoletti M, Cocchi G, Coze C, De Pellegrin M, Hussain K, Ibrahim A, Kilby MD, Krajewska-Walasek M, Kratz CP, Ladusans EJ, Lapunzina P, Le Bouc Y, Maas SM, Macdonald F, Õunap K, Peruzzi L, Rossignol S, Russo S, Shipster C, Skórka A, Tatton-Brown K, Tenorio J, Tortora C, Grønskov K, Netchine I, Hennekam RC, Prawitt D, Tümer Z, Eggermann T, Mackay DJG, Riccio A, Maher ER. Expert consensus document: Clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: an international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:229-249. [PMID: 29377879 PMCID: PMC6022848 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a human genomic imprinting disorder, is characterized by phenotypic variability that might include overgrowth, macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycaemia, lateralized overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal tumours. Delineation of the molecular defects within the imprinted 11p15.5 region can predict familial recurrence risks and the risk (and type) of embryonal tumour. Despite recent advances in knowledge, there is marked heterogeneity in clinical diagnostic criteria and care. As detailed in this Consensus Statement, an international consensus group agreed upon 72 recommendations for the clinical and molecular diagnosis and management of BWS, including comprehensive protocols for the molecular investigation, care and treatment of patients from the prenatal period to adulthood. The consensus recommendations apply to patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp), covering classical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly. Although the consensus group recommends a tumour surveillance programme targeted by molecular subgroups, surveillance might differ according to the local health-care system (for example, in the United States), and the results of targeted and universal surveillance should be evaluated prospectively. International collaboration, including a prospective audit of the results of implementing these consensus recommendations, is required to expand the evidence base for the design of optimum care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI University (UPMC) Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 Avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sant'Anna Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Spezia 60, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alison C Foster
- Birmingham Health Partners, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Battista Ferrero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Susanne E Boonen
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Trevor Cole
- Birmingham Health Partners, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Robert Baker
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Support Group UK, The Drum and Monkey, Wonston, Hazelbury Bryan, Sturminster Newton, Dorset DT10 2EE, UK
| | - Monica Bertoletti
- Italian Association of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (AIBWS) Piazza Turati, 3, 21029, Vergiate (VA), Italy
| | - Guido Cocchi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University, Paediatric Department, Neonatology Unit, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Carole Coze
- Aix-Marseille Univ et Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Service d'Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Maurizio De Pellegrin
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Unit IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Via Olgettina Milano, 60, 20132 Milano MI, Italy
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Al Gharrafa Street, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Ibrahim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Christian P Kratz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edmund J Ladusans
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, M13 8WL UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI University (UPMC) Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 Avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona Macdonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TG UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 2, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN), Inherited Kidney Disorders Working Group
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112 Avenue Molière 67098 STRASBOURG Cedex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano, Milan, Italy
| | - Caroleen Shipster
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Agata Skórka
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service and St George's University of London and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Regional Center for CLP, Smile House, San Paolo University Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI University (UPMC) Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 Avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam-Zuidoost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University of Aachen, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta and Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111,80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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12
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Bens S, Luedeke M, Richter T, Graf M, Kolarova J, Barbi G, Lato K, Barth TF, Siebert R. Mosaic genome-wide maternal isodiploidy: an extreme form of imprinting disorder presenting as prenatal diagnostic challenge. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:111. [PMID: 29046733 PMCID: PMC5640928 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uniparental disomy of certain chromosomes are associated with a group of well-known genetic syndromes referred to as imprinting disorders. However, the extreme form of uniparental disomy affecting the whole genome is usually not compatible with life, with the exception of very rare cases of patients with mosaic genome-wide uniparental disomy reported in the literature. Results We here report on a fetus with intrauterine growth retardation and malformations observed on prenatal ultrasound leading to invasive prenatal testing. By cytogenetic (conventional karyotyping), molecular cytogenetic (QF-PCR, FISH, array), and methylation (MS-MLPA) analyses of amniotic fluid, we detected mosaicism for one cell line with genome-wide maternal uniparental disomy and a second diploid cell line of biparental inheritance with trisomy X due to paternal isodisomy X. As expected for this constellation, we observed DNA methylation changes at all imprinted loci investigated. Conclusions This report adds new information on phenotypic outcome of mosaic genome-wide maternal uniparental disomy leading to an extreme form of multilocus imprinting disturbance. Moreover, the findings highlight the technical challenges of detecting these rare chromosome disorders prenatally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-017-0410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gotthold Barbi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Krisztian Lato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Ohtsuka Y, Higashimoto K, Oka T, Yatsuki H, Jozaki K, Maeda T, Kawahara K, Hamasaki Y, Matsuo M, Nishioka K, Joh K, Mukai T, Soejima H. Identification of consensus motifs associated with mitotic recombination and clinical characteristics in patients with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 11. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1406-19. [PMID: 26908620 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is defined as the inheritance of both homologs of a given genomic region from only one parent. The majority of UPD includes an entire chromosome. However, the extent of UPD is sometimes limited to a subchromosomal region (segmental UPD). Mosaic paternal UPD (pUPD) of chromosome 11 is found in approximately 20% of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and almost all pUPDs are segmental isodisomic pUPDs resulting from mitotic recombination at an early embryonic stage. A mechanism initiating a DNA double strand break (DSB) within 11p has been predicted to lead to segmental pUPD. However, no consensus motif has yet been found. Here, we analyzed 32 BWS patients with pUPD by SNP array and searched for consensus motifs. We identified four consensus motifs frequently appearing within breakpoint regions of segmental pUPD. These motifs were found in another nine BWS patients with pUPD. In addition, the seven motifs found in meiotic recombination hot spots could not be found within pUPD breakpoint regions. Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, a marker of DSB initiation, could not be found either. These findings suggest that the mechanism(s) of mitotic recombination leading to segmental pUPD are different from that of meiotic recombination. Furthermore, we found seven patients with paternal uniparental diploidy (PUD) mosaicism. Comparison of clinical features between segmental pUPDs and PUDs showed that developmental disability and cardiac abnormalities were additional characteristic features of PUD mosaicism, along with high risk of tumor development. We also found that macroglossia was characteristic of segmental pUPD mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Ohtsuka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takehiko Oka
- World Fusion Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0013, Japan and
| | - Hitomi Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Jozaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Maeda
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | | | - Yuhei Hamasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Keiichiro Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
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14
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Mussa A, Russo S, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. (Epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a paradigm for genomic medicine. Clin Genet 2015; 89:403-415. [PMID: 26138266 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the commonest overgrowth cancer predisposition disorder and represents a model for human imprinting dysregulation and tumorigenesis. BWS features can variably combine and present a widely variable range of severity in the phenotypic expression. This wide spectrum is paralleled at molecular level by complex (epi)genetic defects on chromosome 11p15.5 leading to disrupted expression of imprinted genes controlling growth and cellular proliferation. In this review, we outline the spectrum of clinical manifestations of BWS analyzing their (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations. The differences observed in the phenotypic profiles of BWS molecular subtypes allow a composite view of this syndrome with implications on clinical care, diagnosis, follow-up, and management, and provide directions for future disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to measure the expression of proinflammatory cytokines from intestinal biopsies in patients with Crohn's disease in an accurate and reproducible way is critical for proof-of-concept and mechanism-of-action trials; however, the number of biopsies from a segment of the ileum or colon required to yield reproducible results has not been rigorously evaluated. We examined intestinal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease to validate methods for detecting changes in inflammatory gene expression. METHODS To evaluate the reproducibility of gene expression measurements, intestinal biopsies were obtained from designated segments from 6 healthy controls, 6 patients with active Crohn's disease, and 6 patients with inactive Crohn's disease. Disease activity was based on the simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease. Expression of 7 proinflammatory genes was measured from each biopsy using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using a linear mixed effects model, the power to detect transcriptional changes corresponding to active and inactive Crohn's disease was calculated. RESULTS Total simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease score corresponds with expression of most inflammatory biomarkers. For most genes, 2 to 5 biopsies are needed to reduce sampling error to <25% for most genes. To measure changes in mRNA expression corresponding to active versus inactive Crohn's disease, 1 to 2 intestinal biopsies from 3 patients before and after treatment are needed to yield power of at least 80%. CONCLUSIONS Measuring proinflammatory gene expression from mucosal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease is practicable and provides objective biomarkers that can be used in proof-of-concept and mechanism-of-action trials to assess response to therapy.
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16
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Ohtsuka Y, Higashimoto K, Sasaki K, Jozaki K, Yoshinaga H, Okamoto N, Takama Y, Kubota A, Nakayama M, Yatsuki H, Nishioka K, Joh K, Mukai T, Yoshiura KI, Soejima H. Autosomal recessive cystinuria caused by genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2014; 88:261-6. [PMID: 25171146 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) cases are caused by mosaic paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (pUPD11). Although pUPD11 is usually limited to the short arm of chromosome 11, a small minority of BWS cases show genome-wide mosaic pUPD (GWpUPD). These patients show variable clinical features depending on mosaic ratio, imprinting status of other chromosomes, and paternally inherited recessive mutations. To date, there have been no reports of a mosaic GWpUPD patient with an autosomal recessive disease caused by a paternally inherited recessive mutation. Here, we describe a patient concurrently showing the clinical features of BWS and autosomal recessive cystinuria. Genetic analyses revealed that the patient has mosaic GWpUPD and an inherited paternal homozygous mutation in SLC7A9. This is the first report indicating that a paternally inherited recessive mutation can cause an autosomal recessive disease in cases of GWpUPD mosaicism. Investigation into recessive mutations and the dysregulation of imprinting domains is critical in understanding precise clinical conditions of patients with mosaic GWpUPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Sasaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - K Jozaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - H Yoshinaga
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - N Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Takama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Kubota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - T Mukai
- Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - K-i Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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17
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Court F, Tayama C, Romanelli V, Martin-Trujillo A, Iglesias-Platas I, Okamura K, Sugahara N, Simón C, Moore H, Harness JV, Keirstead H, Sanchez-Mut JV, Kaneki E, Lapunzina P, Soejima H, Wake N, Esteller M, Ogata T, Hata K, Nakabayashi K, Monk D. Genome-wide parent-of-origin DNA methylation analysis reveals the intricacies of human imprinting and suggests a germline methylation-independent mechanism of establishment. Genome Res 2014; 24:554-69. [PMID: 24402520 PMCID: PMC3975056 DOI: 10.1101/gr.164913.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Differential methylation between the two alleles of a gene has been observed in imprinted regions, where the methylation of one allele occurs on a parent-of-origin basis, the inactive X-chromosome in females, and at those loci whose methylation is driven by genetic variants. We have extensively characterized imprinted methylation in a substantial range of normal human tissues, reciprocal genome-wide uniparental disomies, and hydatidiform moles, using a combination of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and high-density methylation microarrays. This approach allowed us to define methylation profiles at known imprinted domains at base-pair resolution, as well as to identify 21 novel loci harboring parent-of-origin methylation, 15 of which are restricted to the placenta. We observe that the extent of imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) is extremely similar between tissues, with the exception of the placenta. This extra-embryonic tissue often adopts a different methylation profile compared to somatic tissues. Further, we profiled all imprinted DMRs in sperm and embryonic stem cells derived from parthenogenetically activated oocytes, individual blastomeres, and blastocysts, in order to identify primary DMRs and reveal the extent of reprogramming during preimplantation development. Intriguingly, we find that in contrast to ubiquitous imprints, the majority of placenta-specific imprinted DMRs are unmethylated in sperm and all human embryonic stem cells. Therefore, placental-specific imprinting provides evidence for an inheritable epigenetic state that is independent of DNA methylation and the existence of a novel imprinting mechanism at these loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Court
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiharu Tayama
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Valeria Romanelli
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Martin-Trujillo
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Iglesias-Platas
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Naoko Sugahara
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Carlos Simón
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI-Universidad de Valencia, INCLIVA, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Harry Moore
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Julie V. Harness
- Reeve-Irvine Research Centre, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Hans Keirstead
- Reeve-Irvine Research Centre, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Jose Vicente Sanchez-Mut
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eisuke Kaneki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, CIBERER, IDIPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Norio Wake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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Kalish JM, Conlin LK, Bhatti TR, Dubbs HA, Harris MC, Izumi K, Mostoufi-Moab S, Mulchandani S, Saitta S, States LJ, Swarr DT, Wilkens AB, Zackai EH, Zelley K, Bartolomei MS, Nichols KE, Palladino AA, Spinner NB, Deardorff MA. Clinical features of three girls with mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1929-39. [PMID: 23804593 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe three subjects with mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy (GWpUPD) each of whom presented initially with overgrowth, hemihyperplasia (HH), and hyperinsulinism (HI). Due to the severity of findings and the presence of additional features, SNP array testing was performed, which demonstrated mosaic GWpUPD. Comparing these individuals to 10 other live-born subjects reported in the literature, the predominant phenotype is that of pUPD11 and notable for a very high incidence of tumor development. Our subjects developed non-metastatic tumors of the adrenal gland, kidney, and/or liver. All three subjects had pancreatic hyperplasia resulting in HI. Notably, our subjects to date display minimal features of other diseases associated with paternal UPD loci. Both children who survived the neonatal period have displayed near-normal cognitive development, likely due to a favorable tissue distribution of the mosaicism. To understand the range of UPD mosaicism levels, we studied multiple tissues using SNP array analysis and detected levels of 5-95%, roughly correlating with the extent of tissue involvement. Given the rapidity of tumor growth and the difficulty distinguishing malignant and benign tumors in these GWpUPD subjects, we have utilized increased frequency of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening in the first years of life. Because of a later age of onset of additional tumors, continued tumor surveillance into adolescence may need to be considered in these rare patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kalish
- The Division of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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19
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Epigenetic and genetic alterations of the imprinting disorder Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and related disorders. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:402-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Johnson JP, Waterson J, Schwanke C, Schoof J. Genome-wide androgenetic mosaicism. Clin Genet 2013; 85:282-5. [PMID: 23509941 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with mosaic paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of apparently all chromosomes have recently been described. They show a 46,XX karyotype, but with a mixture of normal biparental cells and cells entirely of paternal isodisomic origin. We describe an infant who primarily showed signs of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), but also had other severe and eventually lethal medical problems, notably refractory hypoglycemia. We performed methylation studies for BWS, but incidentally for Angelman syndrome (AS) on leukocytes and in a skin FFPE sample. We also performed chromosome microarray [CNV and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array] on leukocytes. We found that the patient had hypomethylation consistent with both BWS and AS. Remarkably, this was due to mosaic paternal UPD for chromosomes 11 and 15, respectively. The SNP microarray showed mosaic paternal UPD for all chromosomes. Patients with unusual phenotypes for a typical imprinting disorder should be studied further with assays for imprinted loci on other chromosomes. Chromosomal SNP microarrays are useful in identifying patients with multiple UPDs, sometimes of the whole genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Johnson
- Medical Genetics, Shodair Children's Hospital, Helena, MT, USA
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Genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy mosaicism in a woman with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and ovarian steroid cell tumour. Eur J Hum Genet 2012. [PMID: 23188046 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) of single chromosomes is a well-known molecular aberration in a group of congenital diseases commonly known as imprinting disorders (IDs). Whereas maternal and/or paternal UPD of chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 14 and 15 are associated with specific IDs (Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, Silver-Russell syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), upd(14)-syndromes, Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman Syndrome), the other autosomes are not. UPD of the whole genome is not consistent with life, in case of non-mosaic genome-wide paternal UPD (patUPD) it leads to hydatidiform mole. In contrast, mosaic genome-wide patUPD might be compatible with life. Here we present a 19-year-old woman with BWS features and initially diagnosed to be carrier of a mosaic patUPD of chromosome 11p15. However, the patient presented further clinical findings not typically associated with BWS, including nesidioblastosis, fibroadenoma, hamartoma of the liver, hypoglycaemia and ovarian steroid cell tumour. Additional molecular investigations revealed a mosaic genome-wide patUPD. So far, only nine cases with mosaic genome-wide patUPD and similar clinical findings have been reported, but these patients were nearly almost diagnosed in early childhood. Summarising the data from the literature and those from our patient, it can be concluded that the mosaic genome-wide patUPD (also known as androgenic/biparental mosaicism) might explain unusual BWS phenotypes. Thus, these findings emphasise the need for multilocus testing in IDs to efficiently detect cases with disturbances affecting more than one chromosome.
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Different methylation patterns in BWS/SRS cases clarified by MS-MLPA. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:263-8. [PMID: 23086270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular abnormalities in the 11p15.5 imprinted gene cluster lead to two different growth diseases: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). They are mainly caused by epigenetic alterations in one of the two imprinting 11p15 control regions (ICR1 and ICR2). These CpG-rich regions are differentially methylated on the maternally and paternally derived chromosomes. We report four different methylation patterns along the BWS/SRS critical region, clarified by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The mathematical processing of the data provides information about alterations in the methylation status: from hypo- to almost complete demethylation of KvDMR, hypo- and hypermethylation of H19DMR and combined results from both regions provide information on paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD). The study concerns two BWS cases with KvDMR hypomethylation and almost complete loss of methylation, respectively; two patUPD11p15 cases with H19DMR hypermethylation/KvDMR hypomethylation, and one SRS case with H19DMR demethylation. In some cases KvDMR hypomethylation in patUPD11p15 can be difficult to assess, which requires combination with STR analysis or alternative method. The STR analysis provides also information on complete or segmental coverage and iso- or heterodisomy. Following this systematic approach, the precise diagnosis can be clarified in a few days and different methylation patterns could be detected.
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Hoffner L, Surti U. The genetics of gestational trophoblastic disease: a rare complication of pregnancy. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kearney HM, Kearney JB, Conlin LK. Diagnostic Implications of Excessive Homozygosity Detected by SNP-Based Microarrays: Consanguinity, Uniparental Disomy, and Recessive Single-Gene Mutations. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:595-613, ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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The consequences of uniparental disomy and copy number neutral loss-of-heterozygosity during human development and cancer. Biol Cell 2011; 103:303-17. [PMID: 21651501 DOI: 10.1042/bc20110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UPD (uniparental disomy) describes the inheritance of a pair of chromosomes from only one parent. Mechanisms that lead to UPD include trisomy rescue, gamete complementation, monosomy rescue and somatic recombination. Most of these mechanisms can involve aberrant chromosomes, particularly isochromosomes and Robertsonian translocations. In the last decade, the number of UPD cases reported in the literature has increased exponentially. This is partly due to the advances in genomic technologies that have allowed for high-resolution SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) studies, which have complemented traditional methods relying on polymorphic microsatellite markers. In this review, we discuss aberrant cellular mechanisms leading to UPD and their impact on gene expression. Special emphasis is placed on the unmasking of mutant recessive alleles and the disruption of imprinted gene dosage, which give rise to specific and recurrent imprinting phenotypes. Finally, we discuss how copy number maps determined from SNP array datasets have helped identify not only deletions and duplications but also recurrent copy number neutral regions of loss-of-heterozygosity, which have been reported in many cancer types and that may constitute an important driving force in cancer. These tiny regions of UPD also alter imprinted gene dosage, which may have cumulative tumourgenic effects in addition to that of unmasking homozygous cancer-associated mutations.
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Abstract
Hydatidiform mole (HM) is an abnormal human pregnancy, where the placenta presents with vesicular swelling of the chorionic villi. A fetus is either not present, or malformed and not viable. Most moles are diploid androgenetic as if one spermatozoon fertilized an empty oocyte, or triploid with one maternal and two paternal chromosome sets as if two spermatozoa fertilized a normal oocyte. However, diploid moles with both paternal and maternal markers of the nuclear genome have been reported. Among 162 consecutively collected diploid moles, we have earlier found indications of both maternal and paternal genomes in 11. In the present study, we have performed detailed analysis of DNA-markers in tissue and single cells from these 11 HMs. In 3/11, we identified one biparental cell population only, whereas in 8/11, we demonstrated mosaicism: one biparental cell population and one androgenetic cell population. One mosaic mole was followed by persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD). In seven of the mosaics, one spermatozoon appeared to have contributed to the genomes of both cell types. Our observations make it likely that mosaic conceptuses, encompassing an androgenetic cell population, result from various postzygotic abnormalities, including paternal pronuclear duplication, asymmetric cytokinesis, and postzygotic diploidization. This corroborates the suggestion that fertilization of an empty egg is not mandatory for the creation of an androgenetic cell population. Future studies of mosaic conceptuses may disclose details about fertilization, early cell divisions and differentiation. Apparently, only a minority of diploid moles with both paternal and maternal markers are 'genuine' diploid biparental moles (DiBiparHMs).
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Nakabayashi K, Trujillo AM, Tayama C, Camprubi C, Yoshida W, Lapunzina P, Sanchez A, Soejima H, Aburatani H, Nagae G, Ogata T, Hata K, Monk D. Methylation screening of reciprocal genome-wide UPDs identifies novel human-specific imprinted genes. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3188-97. [PMID: 21593219 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer experiments undertaken in the mid-80's revealed that both maternal and paternal genomes are necessary for normal development. This is due to genomic imprinting, an epigenetic mechanism that results in parent-of-origin monoallelic expression of genes regulated by germline-derived allelic methylation. To date, ∼100 imprinted transcripts have been identified in mouse, with approximately two-thirds showing conservation in humans. It is currently unknown how many imprinted genes are present in humans, and to what extent these transcripts exhibit human-specific imprinted expression. This is mainly due to the fact that the majority of screens for imprinted genes have been undertaken in mouse, with subsequent analysis of the human orthologues. Utilizing extremely rare reciprocal genome-wide uniparental disomy samples presenting with Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotypes, we analyzed ∼0.1% of CpG dinculeotides present in the human genome for imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using the Illumina Infinium methylation27 BeadChip microarray. This approach identified 15 imprinted DMRs associated with characterized imprinted domains, and confirmed the maternal methylation of the RB1 DMR. In addition, we discovered two novel DMRs, first, one maternally methylated region overlapping the FAM50B promoter CpG island, which results in paternal expression of this retrotransposon. Secondly, we found a paternally methylated, bidirectional repressor located between maternally expressed ZNF597 and NAT15 genes. These three genes are biallelically expressed in mice due to lack of differential methylation, suggesting that these genes have become imprinted after the divergence of mouse and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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