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Fortin O, Christoffel K, Shoaib A, Venkatesan C, Cilli K, Schroeder JW, Alves C, Ganetzky RD, Fraser JL. Characteristic Fetal Brain MRI Abnormalities in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.08.24303574. [PMID: 38645225 PMCID: PMC11030481 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.24303574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a disorder of mitochondrial metabolism that is caused by pathogenic variants in multiple genes, including PDHA1. Typical neonatal brain imaging findings in PDCD have been described, with a focus on malformative features and chronic encephaloclastic changes. However, fetal brain MRI imaging in confirmed PDCD has not been comprehensively described. We sought to demonstrate the prenatal neurological and systemic manifestations of PDCD determined by comprehensive fetal imaging and genomic sequencing. All fetuses with a diagnosis of genetic PDCD who had undergone fetal MRI were included in the study. Medical records, imaging data, and genetic testing results were reviewed and reported descriptively. Ten patients with diagnosis of PDCD were included. Most patients had corpus callosum dysgenesis, abnormal gyration pattern, reduced brain volumes, and periventricular cystic lesions. One patient had associated intraventricular hemorrhages. One patient had a midbrain malformation with aqueductal stenosis and severe hydrocephalus. Fetuses imaged in the second trimester were found to have enlargement of the ganglionic eminences with cystic cavitations, while those imaged in the third trimester had germinolytic cysts. Fetuses with PDCD have similar brain MRI findings to neonates described in the literature, although some of these findings may be subtle early in pregnancy. Additional features, such as cystic cavitations of the ganglionic eminences, are noted in the second trimester in fetuses with PDCD, and these may represent a novel early diagnostic marker for PDCD. Using fetal MRI to identify these radiological hallmarks to inform prenatal diagnosis of PDCD may guide genetic counseling, pregnancy decision-making, and neonatal care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
| | - Kelsey Christoffel
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20052
| | - Abdullah Shoaib
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75235
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75235
| | - Charu Venkatesan
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 45221
| | - Kate Cilli
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
| | - Jason W. Schroeder
- Department of Radiology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Department of Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20052
| | - Cesar Alves
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Jamie L. Fraser
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
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Mishra S, Kumar A, Kim S, Su Y, Singh S, Sharma M, Almousa S, Rather HA, Jain H, Lee J, Furdui CM, Ahmad S, Ferrario CM, Punzi HA, Chuang CC, Wabitsch M, Kritchevsky SB, Register TC, Deep G. A Liquid Biopsy-Based Approach to Isolate and Characterize Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Blood. ACS NANO 2023; 17:10252-10268. [PMID: 37224410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Anthropometric and imaging approaches are primarily used to assess adiposity, and there is a dearth of techniques to determine the changes in adipose tissue (AT) at the molecular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel and less invasive source of biomarkers for various pathologies. Furthermore, the possibility of enriching cell or tissue-specific EVs from the biofluids based on their unique surface markers has led to classifying these vesicles as "liquid biopsies", offering valuable molecular information on hard-to-access tissues. Here, we isolated small EVs from AT (sEVAT) of lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, identified unique surface proteins on sEVAT by surface shaving followed by mass spectrometry, and developed a signature of five unique proteins. Using this signature, we pulled out sEVAT from the blood of mice and validated the specificity of isolated sEVAT by measuring the expression of adiponectin, 38 adipokines on an array, and several adipose tissue-related miRNAs. Furthermore, we provided evidence of sEV applicability in disease prediction by characterizing sEVAT from the blood of lean and DIO mice. Interestingly, sEVAT-DIO cargo showed a stronger pro-inflammatory effect on THP1 monocytes compared to sEVAT-Lean and a significant increase in obesity-associated miRNA expression. Equally important, sEVAT cargo revealed an obesity-associated aberrant amino acid metabolism that was subsequently validated in the corresponding AT. Lastly, we show a significant increase in inflammation-related molecules in sEVAT isolated from the blood of nondiabetic obese (>30 kg/m2) individuals. Overall, the present study offers a less-invasive approach to characterize AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mishra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Hilal A Rather
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Heetanshi Jain
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Henry A Punzi
- Punzi Medical Center, Punzi Institute of Medicine, Carrollton, Texas 75006, United States
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Thomas C Register
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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Ogawa E, Hishiki T, Hayakawa N, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Suematsu M, Takenouchi T. Ketogenic diet in action: Metabolic profiling of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 35:100968. [PMID: 36974075 PMCID: PMC10038782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex serves as the main connection between cytosolic glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle within mitochondria. An infant with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency was treated with vitamin B1 supplementation and a ketogenic diet. These dietary modifications resolved the renal tubular reabsorption, central apnea, and transfusion-dependent anemia. A concurrent metabolome analysis demonstrated the resolution of the amino aciduria and an increased total amount of substrates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reflecting the improved mitochondrial energetics. Glutamate was first detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, accompanied by a clinical improvement, after the ketogenic ratio was increased to 3:1; thus, glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid may represent a biomarker for neuronal recovery. Metabolomic analyses of body fluids are useful for monitoring therapeutic effects in infants with inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Hishiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyo Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Biallelic variants in OGDH encoding oxoglutarate dehydrogenase lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, movement disorder, and metabolic abnormalities. Genet Med 2023; 25:100332. [PMID: 36520152 PMCID: PMC9905285 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to establish the genetic cause of a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, movement disorder, and metabolic abnormalities. METHODS We performed a detailed clinical characterization of 4 unrelated individuals from consanguineous families with a neurodevelopmental disorder. We used exome sequencing or targeted-exome sequencing, cosegregation, in silico protein modeling, and functional analyses of variants in HEK293 cells and Drosophila melanogaster, as well as in proband-derived fibroblast cells. RESULTS In the 4 individuals, we identified 3 novel homozygous variants in oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) (NM_002541.3), which encodes a subunit of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. In silico homology modeling predicts that c.566C>T:p.(Pro189Leu) and c.890C>A:p.(Ser297Tyr) variants interfere with the structure and function of OGDH. Fibroblasts from individual 1 showed that the p.(Ser297Tyr) variant led to a higher degradation rate of the OGDH protein. OGDH protein with p.(Pro189Leu) or p.(Ser297Tyr) variants in HEK293 cells showed significantly lower levels than the wild-type protein. Furthermore, we showed that expression of Drosophila Ogdh (dOgdh) carrying variants homologous to p.(Pro189Leu) or p.(Ser297Tyr), failed to rescue developmental lethality caused by loss of dOgdh. SpliceAI, a variant splice predictor, predicted that the c.935G>A:p.(Arg312Lys)/p.(Phe264_Arg312del) variant impacts splicing, which was confirmed through a mini-gene assay in HEK293 cells. CONCLUSION We established that biallelic variants in OGDH cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with metabolic and movement abnormalities.
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Garg D, Mohammad S, Shukla A, Sharma S. Genetic Links to Episodic Movement Disorders: Current Insights. Appl Clin Genet 2023; 16:11-30. [PMID: 36883047 PMCID: PMC9985884 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s363485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic or paroxysmal movement disorders (PxMD) are conditions, which occur episodically, are transient, usually have normal interictal periods, and are characterized by hyperkinetic disorders, including ataxia, chorea, dystonia, and ballism. Broadly, these comprise paroxysmal dyskinesias (paroxysmal kinesigenic and non-kinesigenic dyskinesia [PKD/PNKD], paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesias [PED]) and episodic ataxias (EA) types 1-9. Classification of paroxysmal dyskinesias has traditionally been clinical. However, with advancement in genetics and the discovery of the molecular basis of several of these disorders, it is becoming clear that phenotypic pleiotropy exists, that is, the same variant may give rise to a variety of phenotypes, and the classical understanding of these disorders requires a new paradigm. Based on molecular pathogenesis, paroxysmal disorders are now categorized as synaptopathies, transportopathies, channelopathies, second-messenger related disorders, mitochondrial or others. A genetic paradigm also has an advantage of identifying potentially treatable disorders, such as glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndromes, which necessitates a ketogenic diet, and ADCY5-related disorders, which may respond to caffeine. Clues for a primary etiology include age at onset below 18 years, presence of family history and fixed triggers and attack duration. Paroxysmal movement disorder is a network disorder, with both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum implicated in pathogenesis. Abnormalities in the striatal cAMP turnover pathway may also be contributory. Although next-generation sequencing has restructured the approach to paroxysmal movement disorders, the genetic underpinnings of several entities remain undiscovered. As more genes and variants continue to be reported, these will lead to enhanced understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Huang T, Liu Y, Li J, Shi B, Shan Z, Shi Z, Yang Z. Insights into prognosis and immune infiltration of cuproptosis-related genes in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054305. [PMID: 36518756 PMCID: PMC9742524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer (BC) has been ranking first in incidence and the leading cause of death among female cancers worldwide based on the latest report. Regulated cell death (RCD) plays a significant role in tumor initiation and provides an important target of cancer treatment. Cuproptosis, a novel form of RCD, is ignited by mitochondrial stress, particularly the lipoylated mitochondrial enzymes aggregation. However, the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in tumor generation and progression remains unclear. Methods In this study, the mRNA expression data of CRGs in BC and normal breast tissue were extracted from TCGA database, and protein expression patterns of these CRGs were analyzed using UALCAN. The prognostic values of CRGs in BC were explored by using KaplanMeier plotter and Cox regression analysis. Genetic mutations profiles were evaluated using the cBioPortal database. Meanwhile, we utilized CIBERSORT and TIMER 2.0 database to perform the correlation analysis between CRGs and immune cell infiltration. Results Our results indicated that CRGs expression is significantly different in BC and normal breast tissues. Then we found that upregulated PDHA1 expression was associated with worse endpoint of BC. Moreover, we also performed immune infiltration analysis of CRGs, and demonstrated that PDHA1 expression was closely related to the infiltration levels of CD4+ memory T cell, macrophage M0 and M1 cell and mast cell in BC. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the prognostic and immunogenetic values of PDHA1 in BC. Therefore, PDHA1 can be an independent prognostic biomarker and potential target for immunotherapy of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yankuo Liu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingbing Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Zhengda Shan
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Zhiyuan Shi, ; Zhangru Yang,
| | - Zhangru Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhiyuan Shi, ; Zhangru Yang,
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Inui T, Wada Y, Shibuya M, Arai-Ichinoi N, Okubo Y, Endo W, Uchida T, Togashi N, Naito E, Haginoya K. Intravenous ketogenic diet therapy for neonatal-onset pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Brain Dev 2022; 44:244-248. [PMID: 34863613 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that causes lactic acidosis and neurodevelopmental changes. Five causative genes have been identified: PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, DLD, and PDHX. Four neurological phenotypes have been reported: neonatal encephalopathy with lactic acidosis, non-progressive infantile encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, and relapsing ataxia. Of these, neonatal encephalopathy has the worst mortality and morbidity and there is no effective treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied two girls who were clinically diagnosed with PDHC deficiency as neonates; they were subsequently found to have PDHA1 mutations. The clinical diagnosis was based on white matter loss and a lateral ventricular septum on fetal MRI, spasticity of the lower extremities, and lactic acidosis worsening after birth. Intravenous ketogenic diets were started within 24 h after birth. The ketogenic ratio was increased until the blood lactate level was controlled, while monitoring for side effects. RESULTS In both cases, the lactic acidosis improved immediately with no apparent side effects. Both children had better developmental outcomes than previously reported cases; neither exhibited epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous ketogenic diet therapy is a treatment option for neonatal-onset PDHC deficiency. Further studies are needed to optimize this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Inui
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moriei Shibuya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Natsuko Arai-Ichinoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukimune Okubo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wakaba Endo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Uchida
- Department of Neonatology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Togashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Etsuo Naito
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Tokushima Hinomine Rehabilitation Center for People with Disabilities, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
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Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Variants and Expands the Genetic Landscape for Congenital Microcephaly. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122014. [PMID: 34946966 PMCID: PMC8700965 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly causes smaller than average head circumference relative to age, sex and ethnicity and is most usually associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. The underlying etiology is highly heterogeneous and can be either environmental or genetic. Disruption of any one of multiple biological processes, such as those underlying neurogenesis, cell cycle and division, DNA repair or transcription regulation, can result in microcephaly. This etiological heterogeneity manifests in a clinical variability and presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, leaving an unacceptably large proportion of over half of microcephaly patients without molecular diagnosis. To elucidate the clinical and genetic landscapes of congenital microcephaly, we sequenced the exomes of 191 clinically diagnosed patients with microcephaly as one of the features. We established a molecular basis for microcephaly in 71 patients (37%), and detected novel variants in five high confidence candidate genes previously unassociated with this condition. We report a large number of patients with mutations in tubulin-related genes in our cohort as well as higher incidence of pathogenic mutations in MCPH genes. Our study expands the phenotypic and genetic landscape of microcephaly, facilitating differential clinical diagnoses for disorders associated with most commonly disrupted genes in our cohort.
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Rahesh J, Anand R, Mendiola V, Jacob R. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency mimicking congenital cytomegalovirus infection on imaging. Proc AMIA Symp 2021; 35:232-233. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1999192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rahesh
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Rohan Anand
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Victor Mendiola
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Roy Jacob
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Lubbock, Texas
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10
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Harvey S, King MD, Gorman KM. Paroxysmal Movement Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:659064. [PMID: 34177764 PMCID: PMC8232056 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal movement disorders (PxMDs) are a clinical and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders characterized by episodic involuntary movements (dystonia, dyskinesia, chorea and/or ataxia). Historically, PxMDs were classified clinically (triggers and characteristics of the movements) and this directed single-gene testing. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), how we classify and investigate PxMDs has been transformed. Next-generation sequencing has enabled new gene discovery (RHOBTB2, TBC1D24), expansion of phenotypes in known PxMDs genes and a better understanding of disease mechanisms. However, PxMDs exhibit phenotypic pleiotropy and genetic heterogeneity, making it challenging to predict genotype based on the clinical phenotype. For example, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is most commonly associated with variants in PRRT2 but also variants identified in PNKD, SCN8A, and SCL2A1. There are no radiological or biochemical biomarkers to differentiate genetic causes. Even with NGS, diagnosis rates are variable, ranging from 11 to 51% depending on the cohort studied and technology employed. Thus, a large proportion of patients remain undiagnosed compared to other neurological disorders such as epilepsy, highlighting the need for further genomic research in PxMDs. Whole-genome sequencing, deep-sequencing, copy number variant analysis, detection of deep-intronic variants, mosaicism and repeat expansions, will improve diagnostic rates. Identifying the underlying genetic cause has a significant impact on patient care, modification of treatment, long-term prognostication and genetic counseling. This paper provides an update on the genetics of PxMDs, description of PxMDs classified according to causative gene rather than clinical phenotype, highlighting key clinical features and providing an algorithm for genetic testing of PxMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Harvey
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary D King
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen M Gorman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Juchniewicz P, Piotrowska E, Kloska A, Podlacha M, Mantej J, Węgrzyn G, Tukaj S, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Dosage Compensation in Females with X-Linked Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094514. [PMID: 33925963 PMCID: PMC8123450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the use of new genomic and metabolomic technologies, our comprehension of the molecular and biochemical etiologies of genetic disorders is rapidly expanding, and so are insights into their varying phenotypes. Dosage compensation (lyonization) is an epigenetic mechanism that balances the expression of genes on heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Many studies in the literature have suggested a profound influence of this phenomenon on the manifestation of X-linked disorders in females. In this review, we summarize the clinical and genetic findings in female heterozygotic carriers of a pathogenic variant in one of ten selected X-linked genes whose defects result in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Juchniewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-6040
| | - Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefan Tukaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (J.M.); (G.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.J.); (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
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Uslubas I, Kanli A, Kasap M, Akpinar G, Karabas L. Effect of aflibercept on proliferative vitreoretinopathy: Proteomic analysis in an experimental animal model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 203:108425. [PMID: 33417914 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to monitor inflammatory, proliferative and progressive effects of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and aflibercept treatment in dispase induced PVR rat model by proteomic analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 35 male Long Evans pigmented rats were divided into three groups, namely, PVR (dispase+saline), PVR+aflibercept (dispase+aflibercept) and control. The PVR group received 2 μl of 0.03 IU/μl dispase and 2 μl saline, the PVR+aflibercept group received 2 μl of 0.03 IU/μl and 2 μl of 40 mg/ml aflibercept at the first day of the experiment. At the end of the 6th week all retina and vitreous specimens were collected by evisceration and transferred to the proteomics laboratory for analysis. Proteomic analysis by 2D gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF was performed. RESULTS In the PVR and PVR+aflibercept group 16 different proteins that were identified to be differentially regulated in comparison to the control group. In the PVR+aflibercept group, ENO1, ENO2, LDH-B, PEBP-1 and GS levels were higher than the PVR group. In addition, the association of proteins such as UCHL, PEBP1, PDHB and ENO1 with PVR has been demonstrated for the first time. CONCLUSION STRING analysis elucidated the functional protein-protein interaction among the differentially regulated proteins and highlighted that those proteins mainly played roles in carbon and nucleotide metabolisms. Functional analysis of the differentially regulated proteins indicated the presence of inflammation, gliosis and retinal damage in the PVR group. Aflibercept treatment had pronounced effect on prevention of inflammation and retinal damage while causing a slight increase in gliosis. However, aflibercept treatment was not effective enough to normalize the levels of differentially regulated proteins of the PVR group. Therefore, we predict that the treatment dose of aflibercept used in this study was below of its ideal concentration and should be increased in the future studies. The differential regulation of these structural proteins in this study should shed some light to the mechanism of glial wound formation in the retina and guide future treatment modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endopeptidases/toxicity
- Eye Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Proteome/metabolism
- Proteomics
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/therapeutic use
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/chemically induced
- Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/drug therapy
- Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Uslubas
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Turkey.
| | - Aylin Kanli
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Turkey
| | - Levent Karabas
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Turkey
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Gao T, He D, Liu X, Ji F, Xu J, Shi J. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) is associated with conidiation, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is a mitochondrial enzyme in a variety of eukaryotes, including the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. This enzyme can reduce the oxidation of glucose to acetyl-coA by phosphorylation and selectively inhibits the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which is a kind of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). In this study, we investigated the F. graminearum pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase encoded by FgPDK2, which is a homologue of Neurospora crassa PDK2. The disruption of the FgPDK2 gene led to several phenotypic defects including effects on mycelial growth, conidiation, pigmentation, and pathogenicity. The mutants also showed decreased resistance to osmotic stress and cell membrane/wall-damaging agents. The FgPDK2 deletion mutant exhibited reduced virulence. All of these defects were restored by genetic complementation of the mutant with the complete FgPDK2 gene. Overall, the results demonstrated that FgPDK2 is crucial for the growth of F. graminearum and can be exploited as a potential molecular target for novel fungicides to control Fusarium head blight caused by F. graminearum.
Graphical abstract
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14
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Schlieben LD, Prokisch H. The Dimensions of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600079. [PMID: 33324649 PMCID: PMC7726223 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of a mitochondrial disorder was initially described in 1962, in a patient with altered energy metabolism. Over time, mitochondrial energy metabolism has been discovered to be influenced by a vast number of proteins with a multitude of functional roles. Amongst these, defective oxidative phosphorylation arose as the hallmark of mitochondrial disorders. In the premolecular era, the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease was dependent on biochemical criteria, with inherent limitations such as tissue availability and specificity, preanalytical and analytical artifacts, and secondary effects. With the identification of the first mitochondrial disease-causing mutations, the genetic complexity of mitochondrial disorders began to unravel. Mitochondrial dysfunctions can be caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoded by the mitochondrial DNA or the nuclear DNA, and can display heterogenous phenotypic manifestations. The application of next generation sequencing methodologies in diagnostics is proving to be pivotal in finding the molecular diagnosis and has been instrumental in the discovery of a growing list of novel mitochondrial disease genes. In the molecular era, the diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder, suspected on clinical grounds, is increasingly based on variant detection and associated statistical support, while invasive biopsies and biochemical assays are conducted to an ever-decreasing extent. At present, there is no uniform biochemical or molecular definition for the designation of a disease as a “mitochondrial disorder”. Such designation is currently dependent on the criteria applied, which may encompass clinical, genetic, biochemical, functional, and/or mitochondrial protein localization criteria. Given this variation, numerous gene lists emerge, ranging from 270 to over 400 proposed mitochondrial disease genes. Herein we provide an overview of the mitochondrial disease associated genes and their accompanying challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea D Schlieben
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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15
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DeepPheno: Predicting single gene loss-of-function phenotypes using an ontology-aware hierarchical classifier. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008453. [PMID: 33206638 PMCID: PMC7710064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the phenotypes resulting from molecular perturbations is one of the key challenges in genetics. Both forward and reverse genetic screen are employed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypes and disease, and these resulted in a large number of genotype–phenotype association being available for humans and model organisms. Combined with recent advances in machine learning, it may now be possible to predict human phenotypes resulting from particular molecular aberrations. We developed DeepPheno, a neural network based hierarchical multi-class multi-label classification method for predicting the phenotypes resulting from loss-of-function in single genes. DeepPheno uses the functional annotations with gene products to predict the phenotypes resulting from a loss-of-function; additionally, we employ a two-step procedure in which we predict these functions first and then predict phenotypes. Prediction of phenotypes is ontology-based and we propose a novel ontology-based classifier suitable for very large hierarchical classification tasks. These methods allow us to predict phenotypes associated with any known protein-coding gene. We evaluate our approach using evaluation metrics established by the CAFA challenge and compare with top performing CAFA2 methods as well as several state of the art phenotype prediction approaches, demonstrating the improvement of DeepPheno over established methods. Furthermore, we show that predictions generated by DeepPheno are applicable to predicting gene–disease associations based on comparing phenotypes, and that a large number of new predictions made by DeepPheno have recently been added as phenotype databases. Gene–phenotype associations can help to understand the underlying mechanisms of many genetic diseases. However, experimental identification, often involving animal models, is time consuming and expensive. Computational methods that predict gene–phenotype associations can be used instead. We developed DeepPheno, a novel approach for predicting the phenotypes resulting from a loss of function of a single gene. We use gene functions and gene expression as information to prediction phenotypes. Our method uses a neural network classifier that is able to account for hierarchical dependencies between phenotypes. We extensively evaluate our method and compare it with related approaches, and we show that DeepPheno results in better performance in several evaluations. Furthermore, we found that many of the new predictions made by our method have been added to phenotype association databases released one year later. Overall, DeepPheno simulates some aspects of human physiology and how molecular and physiological alterations lead to abnormal phenotypes.
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Glial Metabolic Rewiring Promotes Axon Regeneration and Functional Recovery in the Central Nervous System. Cell Metab 2020; 32:767-785.e7. [PMID: 32941799 PMCID: PMC7642184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Axons in the mature central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate after axotomy, partly due to the inhibitory environment constituted by reactive glial cells producing astrocytic scars, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and myelin debris. We investigated this inhibitory milieu, showing that it is reversible and depends on glial metabolic status. We show that glia can be reprogrammed to promote morphological and functional regeneration after CNS injury in Drosophila via increased glycolysis. This enhancement is mediated by the glia derived metabolites: L-lactate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG). Genetically/pharmacologically increasing or reducing their bioactivity promoted or impeded CNS axon regeneration. L-lactate and L-2HG from glia acted on neuronal metabotropic GABAB receptors to boost cAMP signaling. Local application of L-lactate to injured spinal cord promoted corticospinal tract axon regeneration, leading to behavioral recovery in adult mice. Our findings revealed a metabolic switch to circumvent the inhibition of glia while amplifying their beneficial effects for treating CNS injuries.
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Pavlu-Pereira H, Silva MJ, Florindo C, Sequeira S, Ferreira AC, Duarte S, Rodrigues AL, Janeiro P, Oliveira A, Gomes D, Bandeira A, Martins E, Gomes R, Soares S, Tavares de Almeida I, Vicente JB, Rivera I. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: updating the clinical, metabolic and mutational landscapes in a cohort of Portuguese patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:298. [PMID: 33092611 PMCID: PMC7579914 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. PDC deficiency can be caused by alterations in any of the genes encoding its several subunits. The resulting phenotype, though very heterogeneous, mainly affects the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to describe and discuss the clinical, biochemical and genotypic information from thirteen PDC deficient patients, thus seeking to establish possible genotype-phenotype correlations. RESULTS The mutational spectrum showed that seven patients carry mutations in the PDHA1 gene encoding the E1α subunit, five patients carry mutations in the PDHX gene encoding the E3 binding protein, and the remaining patient carries mutations in the DLD gene encoding the E3 subunit. These data corroborate earlier reports describing PDHA1 mutations as the predominant cause of PDC deficiency but also reveal a notable prevalence of PDHX mutations among Portuguese patients, most of them carrying what seems to be a private mutation (p.R284X). The biochemical analyses revealed high lactate and pyruvate plasma levels whereas the lactate/pyruvate ratio was below 16; enzymatic activities, when compared to control values, indicated to be independent from the genotype and ranged from 8.5% to 30%, the latter being considered a cut-off value for primary PDC deficiency. Concerning the clinical features, all patients displayed psychomotor retardation/developmental delay, the severity of which seems to correlate with the type and localization of the mutation carried by the patient. The therapeutic options essentially include the administration of a ketogenic diet and supplementation with thiamine, although arginine aspartate intake revealed to be beneficial in some patients. Moreover, in silico analysis of the missense mutations present in this PDC deficient population allowed to envisage the molecular mechanism underlying these pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION The identification of the disease-causing mutations, together with the functional and structural characterization of the mutant protein variants, allow to obtain an insight on the severity of the clinical phenotype and the selection of the most appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Pavlu-Pereira
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Sequeira
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Janeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bandeira
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Roseli Gomes
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Soares
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University of Lisbon, Av. da República (Estação Agronómica Nacional), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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18
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Wang W, Liang K, Chang Y, Ran M, Zhang Y, Ali MA, Dai D, Qazi IH, Zhang M, Zhou G, Yang J, Angel C, Zeng C. miR-26a is Involved in Glycometabolism and Affects Boar Sperm Viability by Targeting PDHX. Cells 2020; 9:E146. [PMID: 31936222 PMCID: PMC7016825 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-26a is associated with sperm metabolism and can affect sperm motility and apoptosis. However, how miR-26a affects sperm motility remains largely unknown. Our previous study indicated that the PDHX gene is predicted to be a potential target of miR-26a, which is responsible for pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation which is considered as a key step for connecting glycolysis with oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, we first reported a potential relationship between miR-26a and PDHX and their expressions in fresh, frozen-thawed, and epididymal boar sperm. Then, sperm viability and survival were determined after transfection of miR-26a. mRNA and protein expression level of PDHX in the liquid-preserved boar sperm after transfection were also determined by RT-qPCR and Western Blot (WB). Our results showed that expression level of PDHX was significantly increased during sperm transit from epididymal caput to corpus and cauda. Similarly, expression of PDHX was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fresh sperm as compared to epididymal cauda and frozen-thawed sperm. However, the expression of miR-26a in epididymal corpus sperm was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of caput and cauda sperm. Furthermore, after transfection of boar sperm with miR-26a mimic and inhibitor under liquid storage, the lowest and highest sperm viability was observed in miR-26a mimic and inhibitor treatment (P < 0.05), respectively. The protein levels of PDHX, after 24 and 48 h of transfection of miR-26a mimics and inhibitor, were notably decreased and increased (P < 0.05), respectively, as compared to negative control (NC) group. In conclusion, the novel and enticing findings of our study provide a reasonable evidence that miR-26a via PDHX, a link between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, could regulate the glycometabolic pathway which eventually affect boar sperm viability and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Kai Liang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yu Chang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Mingxia Ran
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Malik Ahsan Ali
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Theriogenology, Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Dinghui Dai
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiandong Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Christiana Angel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Changjun Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.W.); (K.L.); (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.A.); (D.D.); (I.H.Q.); (M.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.Y.)
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Klejbor I, Mahmood S, Melka N, Ebertowska A, Morys J, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK, Patel MS. Phenylbutyrate administration reduces changes in the cerebellar Purkinje cells population in PDC-deficient mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Differential phenotypic expression of a novel PDHA1 mutation in a female monozygotic twin pair. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1313-1322. [PMID: 31673819 PMCID: PMC6874639 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency caused by mutations in the X-linked PDHA1 gene has a broad clinical presentation, and the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation has been proposed as a major factor contributing to its variable expressivity in heterozygous females. Here, we report the first set of monozygotic twin females with PDC deficiency, caused by a novel, de novo heterozygous missense mutation in exon 11 of PDHA1 (NM_000284.3: c.1100A>T). Both twins presented in infancy with a similar clinical phenotype including developmental delay, episodes of hypotonia or encephalopathy, epilepsy, and slowly progressive motor impairment due to pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar involvement. However, they exhibited clear differences in disease severity that correlated well with residual PDC activities (approximately 60% and 20% of mean control values, respectively) and levels of immunoreactive E1α subunit in cultured skin fibroblasts. To address whether the observed clinical and biochemical differences could be explained by the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation, we undertook an androgen receptor assay in peripheral blood. In the less severely affected twin, a significant bias in the relative activity of the two X chromosomes with a ratio of approximately 75:25 was detected, while the ratio was close to 50:50 in the other twin. Although it may be difficult to extrapolate these results to other tissues, our observation provides further support to the hypothesis that the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation may influence the phenotypic expression of the same mutation in heterozygous females and broadens the clinical and genetic spectrum of PDC deficiency.
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Yagasaki H, Ohyama T, Narusawa H, Nakane T. Hypothermic reaction after infection in an infant with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60:475-476. [PMID: 31064704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Ohyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromune Narusawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takaya Nakane
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Ptok J, Müller L, Theiss S, Schaal H. Context matters: Regulation of splice donor usage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:194391. [PMID: 31202784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elaborate research on splicing, starting in the late seventies, evolved from the discovery that 5' splice sites are recognized by their complementarity to U1 snRNA towards the realization that RNA duplex formation cannot be the sole basis for 5'ss selection. Rather, their recognition is highly influenced by a number of context factors including transcript architecture as well as splicing regulatory elements (SREs) in the splice site neighborhood. In particular, proximal binding of splicing regulatory proteins highly influences splicing outcome. The importance of SRE integrity especially becomes evident in the light of human pathogenic mutations where single nucleotide changes in SREs can severely affect the resulting transcripts. Bioinformatics tools nowadays greatly assist in the computational evaluation of 5'ss, their neighborhood and the impact of pathogenic mutations. Although predictions are already quite robust, computational evaluation of the splicing regulatory landscape still faces challenges to increase future reliability. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA structure and splicing regulation edited by Francisco Baralle, Ravindra Singh and Stefan Stamm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ptok
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Theiss
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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23
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Hertig D, Felser A, Diserens G, Kurth S, Vermathen P, Nuoffer JM. Selective galactose culture condition reveals distinct metabolic signatures in pyruvate dehydrogenase and complex I deficient human skin fibroblasts. Metabolomics 2019; 15:32. [PMID: 30830487 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A decline in mitochondrial function represents a key factor of a large number of inborn errors of metabolism, which lead to an extremely heterogeneous group of disorders. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the biochemical consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction, we performed a metabolic profiling study in human skin fibroblasts using galactose stress medium, which forces cells to rely on mitochondrial metabolism. METHODS Fibroblasts from controls, complex I and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficient patients were grown under glucose or galactose culture condition. We investigated extracellular flux using Seahorse XF24 cell analyzer and assessed metabolome fingerprints using NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Incubation of fibroblasts in galactose leads to an increase in oxygen consumption and decrease in extracellular acidification rate, confirming adaptation to a more aerobic metabolism. NMR allowed rapid profiling of 41 intracellular metabolites and revealed clear separation of mitochondrial defects from controls under galactose using partial least squares discriminant analysis. We found changes in classical markers of mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction, as well as unexpected markers of amino acid and choline metabolism. PDH deficient cell lines showed distinct upregulation of glutaminolytic metabolism and accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, while complex I deficient cell lines were characterized by increased levels in choline metabolites under galactose. CONCLUSION Our results show the relevance of selective culture methods in discriminating normal from metabolic deficient cells. The study indicates that untargeted fingerprinting NMR profiles provide physiological insight on metabolic adaptations and can be used to distinguish cellular metabolic adaptations in PDH and complex I deficient fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Hertig
- Departments of BioMedical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Felser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Diserens
- Departments of BioMedical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Kurth
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Departments of BioMedical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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24
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Deal SL, Yamamoto S. Unraveling Novel Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration Through a Large-Scale Forward Genetic Screen in Drosophila. Front Genet 2019; 9:700. [PMID: 30693015 PMCID: PMC6339878 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by progressive loss of neurons. Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to demise of neurons, leading to diverse devastating cognitive and motor disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in humans. Over the past few decades, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has become an integral tool to understand the molecular, cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Extensive tools and sophisticated technologies allow Drosophila geneticists to identify and study evolutionarily conserved genes that are essential for neural maintenance. In this review, we will focus on a large-scale mosaic forward genetic screen on the fly X-chromosome that led to the identification of a number of essential genes that exhibit neurodegenerative phenotypes when mutated. Most genes identified from this screen are evolutionarily conserved and many have been linked to human diseases with neurological presentations. Systematic electrophysiological and ultrastructural characterization of mutant tissue in the context of the Drosophila visual system, followed by a series of experiments to understand the mechanism of neurodegeneration in each mutant led to the discovery of novel molecular pathways that are required for neuronal integrity. Defects in mitochondrial function, lipid and iron metabolism, protein trafficking and autophagy are recurrent themes, suggesting that insults that eventually lead to neurodegeneration may converge on a set of evolutionarily conserved cellular processes. Insights from these studies have contributed to our understanding of known neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh syndrome and Friedreich's ataxia and have also led to the identification of new human diseases. By discovering new genes required for neural maintenance in flies and working with clinicians to identify patients with deleterious variants in the orthologous human genes, Drosophila biologists can play an active role in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Deal
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Kanungo S, Morton J, Neelakantan M, Ching K, Saeedian J, Goldstein A. Mitochondrial disorders. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:475. [PMID: 30740406 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically variable and heterogeneous inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), resulting from defects in cellular energy, and can affect every organ system of the body. Clinical presentations vary and may include symptoms of fatigue, skeletal muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, short stature, failure to thrive, blindness, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, hearing loss, hypoglycemia, diabetes mellitus, learning difficulties, intellectual disability, seizures, stroke-like episodes, spasticity, dystonia, hypotonia, pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms, gastrointestinal reflux, dysmotility, gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction, cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction defects, and other endocrine, renal, cardiac, and liver problems. Most phenotypic manifestations are multi-systemic, with presentations varying at different age of onset and may show great variability within members of the same family; making these truly complex IEMs. Most primary mitochondrial diseases are autosomal recessive (AR); but maternally-inherited [from mitochondrial (mt) DNA], autosomal dominant and X-linked inheritance are also known. Mitochondria are unique energy-generating cellular organelles, geared for survival and contain their own unique genetic coding material, a circular piece of mtDNA about 16,000 base pairs in size. Additional nuclear (n)DNA encoded genes maintain mitochondrial biogenesis by supervising mtDNA replication, repair and synthesis, which is modified during increased energy demands or physiological stress. Despite our growing knowledge of the hundreds of genetic etiologies for this group of disorders, diagnosis can also remain elusive due to unique aspects of mitochondrial genetics. Though cure and FDA-approved therapies currently elude these IEMs, and current suggested therapies which include nutritional supplements and vitamins are of questionable efficacy; multi-center, international clinical trials are in progress for primary mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Kanungo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob Morton
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Mekala Neelakantan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Ching
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Jasmine Saeedian
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Whitley MJ, Arjunan P, Nemeria NS, Korotchkina LG, Park YH, Patel MS, Jordan F, Furey W. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency is linked to regulatory loop disorder in the αV138M variant of human pyruvate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13204-13213. [PMID: 29970614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) connects glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle by producing acetyl-CoA via the decarboxylation of pyruvate. Because of its pivotal role in glucose metabolism, this complex is closely regulated in mammals by reversible phosphorylation, the modulation of which is of interest in treating cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Mutations such as that leading to the αV138M variant in pyruvate dehydrogenase, the pyruvate-decarboxylating PDHc E1 component, can result in PDHc deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism that results in an array of symptoms such as lactic acidosis, progressive cognitive and neuromuscular deficits, and even death in infancy or childhood. Here we present an analysis of two X-ray crystal structures at 2.7-Å resolution, the first of the disease-associated human αV138M E1 variant and the second of human wildtype (WT) E1 with a bound adduct of its coenzyme thiamin diphosphate and the substrate analogue acetylphosphinate. The structures provide support for the role of regulatory loop disorder in E1 inactivation, and the αV138M variant structure also reveals that altered coenzyme binding can result in such disorder even in the absence of phosphorylation. Specifically, both E1 phosphorylation at αSer-264 and the αV138M substitution result in disordered loops that are not optimally oriented or available to efficiently bind the lipoyl domain of PDHc E2. Combined with an analysis of αV138M activity, these results underscore the general connection between regulatory loop disorder and loss of E1 catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Whitley
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Palaniappa Arjunan
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Natalia S Nemeria
- the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Lioubov G Korotchkina
- the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, and
| | - Yun-Hee Park
- the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, and
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, and
| | - Frank Jordan
- the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - William Furey
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, .,the Biocrystallography Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240
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27
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Puusepp S, Reinson K, Pajusalu S, Murumets Ü, Õiglane-Shlik E, Rein R, Talvik I, Rodenburg RJ, Õunap K. Effectiveness of whole exome sequencing in unsolved patients with a clinical suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder in Estonia. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:80-89. [PMID: 30009132 PMCID: PMC6043467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reaching a genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders (MDs) is challenging due to their broad phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. However, there is growing evidence that the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for diagnosing patients with a clinical suspicion of an MD is effective (39-60%). We aimed to study the effectiveness of WES in clinical practice in Estonia, in patients with an unsolved, but suspected MD. We also show our first results of mtDNA analysis obtained from standard WES reads. METHODS Retrospective cases were selected from a database of 181 patients whose fibroblast cell cultures had been stored from 2003 to 2013. Prospective cases were selected during the period of 2014-2016 from patients referred to a clinical geneticist in whom an MD was suspected. We scored each patient according to the mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) (Morava et al., 2006) after re-evaluation of their clinical data, and then performed WES analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 patients were selected to the study group. A disease-causing variant was found in 16 patients (57%) using WES. An MD was diagnosed in four patients (14%), with variants in the SLC25A4, POLG, SPATA5, and NDUFB11 genes. Other variants found were associated with a neuromuscular disease (SMN1, MYH2, and LMNA genes), neurodegenerative disorder (TSPOAP1, CACNA1A, ALS2, and SCN2A genes), multisystemic disease (EPG5, NKX1-2, ATRX, and ABCC6 genes), and one in an isolated cardiomyopathy causing gene (MYBPC3). The mtDNA point mutation was found in the MT-ATP6 gene of one patient upon mtDNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic yield of WES in our cohort was 57%, proving to be a very good effectiveness. However, MDs were found in only 14% of the patients. We suggest WES analysis as a first-tier method in clinical genetic practice for children with any multisystem, neurological, and/or neuromuscular problem, as nuclear DNA variants are more common in children with MDs; a large number of patients harbor disease-causing variants in genes other than the mitochondria-related ones, and the clinical presentation might not always point towards an MD. We have also successfully conducted analysis of mtDNA from standard WES reads, providing further evidence that this method could be routinely used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Puusepp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülle Murumets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eve Õiglane-Shlik
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 6 Lunini Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 6 Lunini Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Reet Rein
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 6 Lunini Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Inga Talvik
- Tallinn Children's Hospital, 28 Tervise Street, Tallinn 13419, Estonia
| | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, 830 Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, 2 L. Puusepa Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
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28
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Guo J, Cheng J, North BJ, Wei W. Functional analyses of major cancer-related signaling pathways in Alzheimer's disease etiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:341-358. [PMID: 28694093 PMCID: PMC5675793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease and accounts for majority of human dementia. The hyper-phosphorylated tau-mediated intracellular neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid β-mediated extracellular senile plaque are characterized as major pathological lesions of AD. Different from the dysregulated growth control and ample genetic mutations associated with human cancers, AD displays damage and death of brain neurons in the absence of genomic alterations. Although various biological processes predominately governing tumorigenesis such as inflammation, metabolic alteration, oxidative stress and insulin resistance have been associated with AD genesis, the mechanistic connection of these biological processes and signaling pathways including mTOR, MAPK, SIRT, HIF, and the FOXO pathway controlling aging and the pathological lesions of AD are not well recapitulated. Hence, we performed a thorough review by summarizing the physiological roles of these key cancer-related signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis, comprising of the crosstalk of these pathways with neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque formation to impact AD phenotypes. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of anti-aging and AD relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we discuss the potential role that cancer-related signaling pathways may play in governing the pathogenesis of AD, as well as their potential as future targeted strategies to delay or prevent aging-related diseases and combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles present in virtually all human cells that are needed for a multitude of cellular functions, including energy production, control of cell apoptosis and numerous biochemical catabolic and synthetic pathways that are critical for cellular health. Primary mitochondrial disorders are a group of greater than 200 single gene defects arising from two genomes (nuclear and mitochondrial) leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and are associated with extremely heterogeneous phenotypes. Neuromuscular features predominate, but often with multisystem involvement. Clinical suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder should prompt multipronged investigation with biochemical and molecular genetic studies. Recent wide-scale adoption of next-generation sequencing approaches has led to a rapid increase in the number of disease genes. The advances in unravelling the genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases have not yet been matched by progress in developing effective therapies, and the mainstay of care remains supportive therapies in a multidisciplinary team setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Davison
- Metabolic Unit,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Metabolic Unit,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Mitochondrial Research Group,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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30
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Abstract
p53 is best identified as a tumor suppressor for its transcriptional control of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Beyond its irrefutable involvement in restraining unchecked cell proliferation, research over the past several years has indicated a requirement for p53 function in sustaining normal development. Here I summarize the role of p53 in embryonic development, with a focus on knowledge gained from p53 loss and overexpression during kidney development. In contrast to its classical role in suppressing proliferative pathways, p53 positively regulates nephron progenitor cell (NPC) renewal. Emerging evidence suggests p53 may control cell fate decisions by preserving energy metabolism homeostasis of progenitors in the nephrogenic niche. Maintaining a critical level of p53 function appears to be a prerequisite for optimal nephron endowment. Defining the molecular networks targeted by p53 in the NPC may well provide new targets not only for regenerative medicine but also for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL37, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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31
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Miki Y, Tanji K, Mori F, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Wakabayashi K. Alteration of mitochondrial protein PDHA1 in Lewy body disease and PARK14. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:439-444. [PMID: 28564592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the occurrence of insoluble fibrillary aggregates known as Lewy bodies. Mitochondria play a vital role in energy production, and the pathogenesis of PD is associated with altered cellular metabolism due to mitochondrial dysfunction. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex provides a primary step in aerobic glucose metabolism by catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 (PDHA1) forms the core structure of the PDH complex. Dysfunction of the PDH complex leads to energy production failure, resulting in various neurological disorders. However, no study has investigated the involvement of PDHA1 in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting to clarify the involvement of PDHA1 in idiopathic PD, DLB, PARK14-linked parkinsonism (PARK14; a familial form of PD), and multiple system atrophy, in comparison with normal controls. Here we report PDHA1 as a new component of brainstem-type Lewy bodies in idiopathic PD, DLB and PARK14, the level of PDHA1 protein being significantly decreased in the putamen and substantia nigra of patients with idiopathic PD. Our findings suggest that alteration of glucose metabolism through dysfunction of the PDH complex might occur in the pathogenesis of Lewy body disease and PARK14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathological Neuroscience, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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32
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Guo X, Niemi NM, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Integrative proteomics and biochemical analyses define Ptc6p as the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11751-11759. [PMID: 28539364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is the primary metabolic checkpoint connecting glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and is important for maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis. Phosphorylation of the PDC E1 subunit was identified as a key inhibitory modification in bovine tissue ∼50 years ago, and this regulatory process is now known to be conserved throughout evolution. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a pervasive model organism for investigating cellular metabolism and its regulation by signaling processes, the phosphatase(s) responsible for activating the PDC in S. cerevisiae has not been conclusively defined. Here, using comparative mitochondrial phosphoproteomics, analyses of protein-protein interactions by affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry, and in vitro biochemistry, we define Ptc6p as the primary PDC phosphatase in S. cerevisiae Our analyses further suggest additional substrates for related S. cerevisiae phosphatases and describe the overall phosphoproteomic changes that accompany mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. In summary, our quantitative proteomics and biochemical analyses have identified Ptc6p as the primary-and likely sole-S. cerevisiae PDC phosphatase, closing a key knowledge gap about the regulation of yeast mitochondrial metabolism. Our findings highlight the power of integrative omics and biochemical analyses for annotating the functions of poorly characterized signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
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Abstract
The family of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (2-OADC), typified by the pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDC) as its most prominent member, are massive molecular machines (Mr, 4-10 million) controlling key steps in glucose homeostasis (PDC), citric acid cycle flux (OGDC, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) and the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCOADC, branched-chain 2-OADC). These highly organised mitochondrial arrays, composed of multiple copies of three separate enzymes, have been widely studied as paradigms for the analysis of enzyme cooperativity, substrate channelling, protein-protein interactions and the regulation of activity by phosphorylation . This chapter will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the structure-function relationships, the overall organisation and the transport and assembly of PDC in particular, focussing on both native and recombinant forms of the complex and their individual components or constituent domains. Biophysical approaches, including X-ray crystallography (MX), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), cryo-EM imaging, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), have all contributed significant new information on PDC subunit organisation, stoichiometry, regulatory mechanisms and mode of assembly. Moreover, the recognition of specific genetic defects linked to PDC deficiency, in combination with the ability to analyse recombinant PDCs housing both novel naturally-occurring and engineered mutations, have all stimulated renewed interest in these classical metabolic assemblies. In addition, the role played by PDC, and its constituent proteins, in certain disease states will be briefly reviewed, focussing on the development of new and exciting areas of medical and immunological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwyn Byron
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John Gordon Lindsay
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Li Y, Huang R, Li X, Li X, Yu D, Zhang M, Wen J, Goscinski MA, Trope CG, Nesland JM, Suo Z. Decreased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase A1 predicts an unfavorable prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2076-2087. [PMID: 27725912 PMCID: PMC5043116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase A1 (PDHA1) serves as a gate-keeper enzyme link between glycolysis and the mitochondrial citric acid cycle. The inhibition of PDHA1 in cancer cells can result in an increased Warburg effect and a more aggressive phenotype in cancer cells. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of PDHA1 in ovarian cancer and the correlation between PDHA1 expression and the prognosis of patients. The PDHA1 protein expression in 3 ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and ES-2) and 248 surgically removed ovarian carcinoma samples was immunocytochemically examined. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between PDHA1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients as well as the predictive value of PDHA1. The results showed the presence of variable expression of PDHA1 in the three ovarian cancer cell lines. Of the 248 ovarian cancer tissue specimens, 45 cases (18.1%) were negative in tumor cells for PDHA1, 162 cases (65.3%) displayed a low expression level, and 41 cases (16.5%) had a relatively high PDHA1 staining. The expression of PDHA1 was associated with the histological subtype (P=0.004) and FIGO stage (P=0.002). The median OS time in the PDHA1 negative group, low expression group and high expression group were 0.939 years, 1.443 years and 9.900 years, respectively. The median PFS time in the above three groups were 0.287 years, 0.586 years and 9.900 years, respectively. Furthermore, the high expression of PDHA1 in ovarian carcinoma cells was significantly associated with better OS and PFS by statistical analyses. Multivariate analyses showed that PDHA1 expression was also an independent prognostic factor for higher OS in ovarian cancer patients (HR=0.705, 95% CI 0.541-0.918, P=0.01). Our study indicated that the decreased expression of PDHA1 might be an independent prognostic factor in unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0379, Norway
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0379, Norway
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Claes G Trope
- Department of Gynecology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
- Department of Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0379, Norway
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0379, Norway
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, University of OsloMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0379, Norway
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Pliss L, Jatania U, Patel MS. Beneficial effect of feeding a ketogenic diet to mothers on brain development in their progeny with a murine model of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 7:78-86. [PMID: 27331005 PMCID: PMC4901178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency is a major inborn error of oxidative metabolism of pyruvate in the mitochondria causing congenital lactic acidosis and primarily structural and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system. To provide an alternate source of acetyl-CoA derived from ketone bodies to the developing brain, a formula high in fat content is widely employed as a treatment. In the present study we investigated efficacy of a high-fat diet given to mothers during pregnancy and lactation on lessening of the impact of PDC deficiency on brain development in PDC-deficient female progeny. Methods A murine model of systemic PDC deficiency by interrupting the X-linked Pdha1 gene was employed in this study. Results Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation had no effect on number of live-birth, body growth, tissue PDC activity levels, as well as the in vitro rates of glucose oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis by the developing brain of PDC-deficient female offspring during the postnatal age 35 days, as compared to the PDC-deficient progeny born to dams on a chow diet. Interestingly, brain weight was normalized in PDC-deficient progeny of high fat-fed mothers with improvement in impairment in brain structure deficit whereas brain weight was significantly decreased and was associated with greater cerebral structural defects in progeny of chow-fed mothers as compared to control progeny of mothers fed either a chow or high fat diet. Conclusion The findings provide for the first time experimental support for beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet during the prenatal and early postnatal periods on the brain development of PDC-deficient mammalian progeny.
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Key Words
- Brain development
- E18, embryonic day 18
- Glucose metabolism
- HF, high fat
- High fat diet
- LC, laboratory chow
- Mouse model
- P15, postnatal day 15
- PDC, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PDHA1, human gene that encodes α subunit of PDH
- Pdha1, murine orthologue of PDHA1
- Prenatal treatment
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
- flox8, Pdha1 floxed allele
- wt, wild-type Pdha1 allele
- Δex8, Pdha1 null allele
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioudmila Pliss
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Urvi Jatania
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mulchand S. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.Department of BiochemistryJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at Buffalo140 Farber HallBuffaloNY14214USA
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Wang W, Lee SJ, Scott PA, Lu X, Emery D, Liu Y, Ezashi T, Roberts MR, Ross JW, Kaplan HJ, Dean DC. Two-Step Reactivation of Dormant Cones in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Cell Rep 2016; 15:372-85. [PMID: 27050517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mutations arise in rod photoreceptor genes, leading to diminished peripheral and nighttime vision. Using a pig model of autosomal-dominant RP, we show glucose becomes sequestered in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and, thus, is not transported to photoreceptors. The resulting starvation for glucose metabolites impairs synthesis of cone visual pigment-rich outer segments (OSs), and then their mitochondrial-rich inner segments dissociate. Loss of these functional structures diminishes cone-dependent high-resolution central vision, which is utilized for most daily tasks. By transplanting wild-type rods, to restore glucose transport, or directly replacing glucose in the subretinal space, to bypass its retention in the RPE, we can regenerate cone functional structures, reactivating the dormant cells. Beyond providing metabolic building blocks for cone functional structures, we show glucose induces thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) to regulate Akt signaling, thereby shunting metabolites toward aerobic glucose metabolism and regenerating cone OS synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Patrick A Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Douglas Emery
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yongqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael R Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Chaturvedi S, Singh AK, Keshari AK, Maity S, Sarkar S, Saha S. Human Metabolic Enzymes Deficiency: A Genetic Mutation Based Approach. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:9828672. [PMID: 27051561 PMCID: PMC4804091 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9828672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the extreme challenges in biology is to ameliorate the understanding of the mechanisms which emphasize metabolic enzyme deficiency (MED) and how these pretend to have influence on human health. However, it has been manifested that MED could be either inherited as inborn error of metabolism (IEM) or acquired, which carries a high risk of interrupted biochemical reactions. Enzyme deficiency results in accumulation of toxic compounds that may disrupt normal organ functions and cause failure in producing crucial biological compounds and other intermediates. The MED related disorders cover widespread clinical presentations and can involve almost any organ system. To sum up the causal factors of almost all the MED-associated disorders, we decided to embark on a less traveled but nonetheless relevant direction, by focusing our attention on associated gene family products, regulation of their expression, genetic mutation, and mutation types. In addition, the review also outlines the clinical presentations as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ashok K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Amit K. Keshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Siddhartha Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srimanta Sarkar
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana 502325, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
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Gerards M, Sallevelt SCEH, Smeets HJM. Leigh syndrome: Resolving the clinical and genetic heterogeneity paves the way for treatment options. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:300-12. [PMID: 26725255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1 in 40,000 live births. Most patients present with symptoms between the ages of three and twelve months, but adult onset Leigh syndrome has also been described. The disease course is characterized by a rapid deterioration of cognitive and motor functions, in most cases resulting in death due to respiratory failure. Despite the high genetic heterogeneity of Leigh syndrome, patients present with identical, symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia or brainstem on MRI, while additional clinical manifestations and age of onset varies from case to case. To date, mutations in over 60 genes, both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA encoded, have been shown to cause Leigh syndrome, still explaining only half of all cases. In most patients, these mutations directly or indirectly affect the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain or pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Exome sequencing has accelerated the discovery of new genes and pathways involved in Leigh syndrome, providing novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms. This is particularly important as no general curative treatment is available for this devastating disorder, although several recent studies imply that early treatment might be beneficial for some patients depending on the gene or process affected. Timely, gene-based personalized treatment may become an important strategy in rare, genetically heterogeneous disorders like Leigh syndrome, stressing the importance of early genetic diagnosis and identification of new genes/pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most important clinical manifestations and genes/pathways involved in Leigh syndrome, and discuss the current state of therapeutic interventions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Gerards
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research School GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research School GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research School GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Liu J, Li W, Brown A, Baddoo M, Li M, Carroll T, Oxburgh L, Feng Y, Saifudeen Z. p53 Enables metabolic fitness and self-renewal of nephron progenitor cells. Development 2016; 142:1228-41. [PMID: 25804735 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to its classic role in restraining cell proliferation, we demonstrate here a divergent function of p53 in the maintenance of self-renewal of the nephron progenitor pool in the embryonic mouse kidney. Nephron endowment is regulated by progenitor availability and differentiation potential. Conditional deletion of p53 in nephron progenitor cells (Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl)) induces progressive depletion of Cited1(+)/Six2(+) self-renewing progenitors and loss of cap mesenchyme (CM) integrity. The Six2(p53-null) CM is disorganized, with interspersed stromal cells and an absence of a distinct CM-epithelia and CM-stroma interface. Impaired cell adhesion and epithelialization are indicated by decreased E-cadherin and NCAM expression and by ineffective differentiation in response to Wnt induction. The Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl) cap has 30% fewer Six2(GFP(+)) cells. Apoptotic index is unchanged, whereas proliferation index is significantly reduced in accordance with cell cycle analysis showing disproportionately fewer Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl) cells in the S and G2/M phases compared with Six2Cre(+);p53(+/+) cells. Mutant kidneys are hypoplastic with fewer generations of nascent nephrons. A significant increase in mean arterial pressure is observed in early adulthood in both germline and conditional Six2(p53-null) mice, linking p53-mediated defects in kidney development to hypertension. RNA-Seq analyses of FACS-isolated wild-type and Six2(GFP(+)) CM cells revealed that the top downregulated genes in Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl) CM belong to glucose metabolism and adhesion and/or migration pathways. Mutant cells exhibit a ∼ 50% decrease in ATP levels and a 30% decrease in levels of reactive oxygen species, indicating energy metabolism dysfunction. In summary, our data indicate a novel role for p53 in enabling the metabolic fitness and self-renewal of nephron progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA The Hypertension and Renal Centers of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aaron Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Yumei Feng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA The Hypertension and Renal Centers of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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40
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Pirot N, Crahes M, Adle-Biassette H, Soares A, Bucourt M, Boutron A, Carbillon L, Mignot C, Trestard L, Bekri S, Laquerrière A. Phenotypic and Neuropathological Characterization of Fetal Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:227-38. [PMID: 26865159 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDH) from other antenatal neurometabolic disorders thereby improving prenatal diagnosis, we describe imaging findings, clinical phenotype, and brain lesions in fetuses from 3 families with molecular characterization of this condition. Neuropathological analysis was performed in 4 autopsy cases from 3 unrelated families with subsequent biochemical and molecular confirmation of PDH complex deficiency. In 2 families there were mutations in the PDHA1 gene; in the third family there was a mutation in the PDHB gene. All fetuses displayed characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism of varying severity, absence of visceral lesions, and associated encephaloclastic and developmental supra- and infratentorial lesions. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities included microcephaly, migration abnormalities (pachygyria, polymicrogyria, periventricular nodular heterotopias), and cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia with hypoplastic dentate nuclei and pyramidal tracts. Associated clastic lesions included asymmetric leukomalacia, reactive gliosis, large pseudocysts of germinolysis, and basal ganglia calcifications. The diagnosis of PDH deficiency should be suspected antenatally with the presence of clastic and neurodevelopmental lesions and a relatively characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism. Postmortem examination is essential for excluding other closely related entities, thereby allowing for biochemical and molecular confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pirot
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Crahes
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Anais Soares
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Bucourt
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Audrey Boutron
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Carbillon
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Laetitia Trestard
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- From the Department of Radiology (NP), Pathology Laboratory (MC, AL), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (AS, SB), Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Department (HAB), Lariboisière University Hospital, Rouen, France; Pathology Laboratory (MB), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, Rouen, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory (AB), Bicêtre University Hospital, Paris-le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (LC), Jean Verdier University Hospital, Paris-Bondy, France; Intensive Care Unit (CM), Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France; Belvédère Maternity Hospital (LT), Mont Saint Aignan, France; and NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions (SB, AL), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.
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Stairs CW, Leger MM, Roger AJ. Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140326. [PMID: 26323757 PMCID: PMC4571565 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes (protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney W Stairs
- Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Andrew J Roger
- Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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Ferriero R, Iannuzzi C, Manco G, Brunetti-Pierri N. Differential inhibition of PDKs by phenylbutyrate and enhancement of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by combination with dichloroacetate. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:895-904. [PMID: 25601413 PMCID: PMC4551558 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is a key enzyme in metabolism linking glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle and its activity is tightly regulated by phosphorylation catalyzed by four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms. PDKs are pharmacological targets for several human diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and inherited PDHC deficiency. We investigated the inhibitory activity of phenylbutyrate toward PDKs and found that PDK isoforms 1-to-3 are inhibited whereas PDK4 is unaffected. Moreover, docking studies revealed putative binding sites of phenylbutyrate on PDK2 and 3 that are located on different sites compared to dichloroacetate (DCA), a previously known PDK inhibitor. Based on these findings, we showed both in cells and in mice that phenylbutyrate combined to DCA results in greater increase of PDHC activity compared to each drug alone. These results suggest that therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by combination of drugs increasing PDHC enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ferriero
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Felgrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples Italy
| | - Clara Iannuzzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), Naples, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Felgrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Castiglioni C, Verrigni D, Okuma C, Diaz A, Alvarez K, Rizza T, Carrozzo R, Bertini E, Miranda M. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as isolated paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia successfully reversed with thiamine supplementation. Case report and mini-review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:497-503. [PMID: 26008863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency is a disorder of energy metabolism with variable clinical presentations, ranging from severe infantile lactic acidosis to milder chronic neurological disorders. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is continuously expanding. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on a 19-year-old intelligent female with PDH deficiency caused by a Leu216Ser mutation in PDHA1. She presented with recurrent hemidystonic attacks, triggered by prolonged walking or running, as the unique clinical manifestation that manifested since childhood. Laboratory workup and neuroimages were initially normal but bilateral globus pallidum involvement appeared later on brain MRI. Dystonia completely remitted after high doses of thiamine, remaining free of symptoms after 3 years of follow up. We reviewed the literature for similar observations. CONCLUSIONS Dystonia precipitated by exercise may be the only symptom of a PDH deficiency, and the hallmark of the disease as high serum lactate or bilateral striatal necrosis at neuroimaging may be absent. A high index of suspicion and follow up is necessary for diagnosis. The clinical presentation of this patient meets the criteria for a Paroxysmal Exercise induced Dystonia, leading us to add this entity as another potential etiology for this type of paroxysmal dyskinesia, which is besides a treatable condition that responds to thiamine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Castiglioni
- Unit of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics and Dept. of Neurology, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Okuma
- Dept. of Radiology, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Diaz
- National Institute of Rehabilitation, INRPAC, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Alvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Oncology, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Rizza
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcelo Miranda
- Unit of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics and Dept. of Neurology, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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Bhandary S, Aguan K. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and its relationship with epilepsy frequency--An overview. Epilepsy Res 2015; 116:40-52. [PMID: 26354166 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a member of a family of multienzyme complexes that provides the link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by catalyzing the physiologically irreversible decarboxylation of various 2-oxoacid substrates to their corresponding acyl-CoA derivatives, NADH and CO2. PDHc deficiency is a metabolic disorder commonly associated with lactic acidosis, progressive neurological and neuromuscular degeneration that vary with age and gender. In this review, we aim to discuss the relationship between occurrence of epilepsy and PDHc deficiency associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E1α subunit (PDHA1) and E1β subunit (PDHB)) and PDH phosphatase (PDP) deficiency. PDHc plays a crucial role in the aerobic carbohydrate metabolism and regulates the use of carbohydrate as the source of oxidative energy. In severe PDHc deficiency, the energy deficit impairs brain development in utero resulting in physiological and structural changes in the brain that contributes to the subsequent onset of epileptogenesis. Epileptogenesis in PDHc deficiency is linked to energy failure and abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism that progressively alters neuronal excitability. This metabolic blockage might be restricted via inclusion of ketogenic diet that is broken up by β-oxidation and directly converting it to acetyl-CoA, and thereby improving the patient's health condition. Genetic counseling is essential as PDHA1 deficiency is X-linked. The demonstration of the X-chromosome localization of PDHA1 resolved a number of questions concerning the variable phenotype displayed by patients with E1 deficiency. Most patients show a broad range of neurological abnormalities, with the severity showing some dependence on the nature of the mutation in the Elα gene, while PDHB and PDH phosphatase (PDP) deficiencies are of autosomal recessive inheritance. However, in females, the disorder is further complicated by the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation, i.e., unfavorable lyonization. Furthermore research should focus on epileptogenic animal models; this might pave a new way toward identification of the pathophysiology of this challenging disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bhandary
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Kripamoy Aguan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India.
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Rajagopalan KN, Egnatchik RA, Calvaruso MA, Wasti AT, Padanad MS, Boroughs LK, Ko B, Hensley CT, Acar M, Hu Z, Jiang L, Pascual JM, Scaglioni PP, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic plasticity maintains proliferation in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficient cells. Cancer Metab 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 26137220 PMCID: PMC4487196 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-015-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) occupies a central node of intermediary metabolism, converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, thus committing carbon derived from glucose to an aerobic fate rather than an anaerobic one. Rapidly proliferating tissues, including human tumors, use PDH to generate energy and macromolecular precursors. However, evidence supports the benefits of constraining maximal PDH activity under certain contexts, including hypoxia and oncogene-induced cell growth. Although PDH is one of the most widely studied enzyme complexes in mammals, its requirement for cell growth is unknown. In this study, we directly addressed whether PDH is required for mammalian cells to proliferate. Results We genetically suppressed expression of the PDHA1 gene encoding an essential subunit of the PDH complex and characterized the effects on intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation using a combination of stable isotope tracing and growth assays. Surprisingly, rapidly dividing cells tolerated loss of PDH activity without major effects on proliferative rates in complete medium. PDH suppression increased reliance on extracellular lipids, and in some cell lines, reducing lipid availability uncovered a modest growth defect that could be completely reversed by providing exogenous-free fatty acids. PDH suppression also shifted the source of lipogenic acetyl-CoA from glucose to glutamine, and this compensatory pathway required a net reductive isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) flux to produce a source of glutamine-derived acetyl-CoA for fatty acids. By deleting the cytosolic isoform of IDH (IDH1), the enhanced contribution of glutamine to the lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool during PDHA1 suppression was eliminated, and growth was modestly suppressed. Conclusions Although PDH suppression substantially alters central carbon metabolism, the data indicate that rapid cell proliferation occurs independently of PDH activity. Our findings reveal that this central enzyme is essentially dispensable for growth and proliferation of both primary cells and established cell lines. We also identify the compensatory mechanisms that are activated under PDH deficiency, namely scavenging of extracellular lipids and lipogenic acetyl-CoA production from reductive glutamine metabolism through IDH1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-015-0134-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik N Rajagopalan
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Robert A Egnatchik
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Maria A Calvaruso
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Ajla T Wasti
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Mahesh S Padanad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Lindsey K Boroughs
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Bookyung Ko
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Christopher T Hensley
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Melih Acar
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Zeping Hu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- Departments of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Pier Paolo Scaglioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA ; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA ; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502 USA
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46
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He L, Deng QL, Chen MT, Wu QP, Lu YJ. Proteomics analysis of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 in response to simultaneous triple stresses. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:833-41. [PMID: 25990453 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis in humans through consumption of contaminated food. L. monocytogenes can adapt and grow in a vast array of physiochemical stresses in the food production environment. In this study, we performed a proteomics strategy in order to investigate how L. monocytogenes survives with a simultaneous exposure to low pH, high salinity and low temperature. The results showed that the adaptation processes mainly affected the biochemical pathways related to protein synthesis, oxidative stress, cell wall and nucleotide metabolism. Interestingly, enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of energy, such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, were derepressed due to the down-regulation of CodY, a global transcriptional repressor. The down-regulation of CodY, together with the up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, likely leads to the accumulation of pyruvate and further to the activation of fatty acid synthesis pathway. Proteomics profiling offered a better understanding of the physiological responses of this pathogen to adapt to harsh environment and would hopefully contribute to improving the food-processing and storage methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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López-Ibarra Z, Modrego J, Valero-Muñoz M, Rodríguez-Sierra P, Zamorano-León JJ, González-Cantalapiedra A, de Las Heras N, Ballesteros S, Lahera V, López-Farré AJ. Metabolic differences between white and brown fat from fasting rabbits at physiological temperature. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:105-13. [PMID: 25701828 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) shows increased glucose metabolic activity. However, less is known about metabolic activity of BAT under conditions of fasting and normal temperature. The aim of this study was to compare the possible differences in energetic metabolism between BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) obtained from rabbits under the conditions of physiological temperature and 24 h after fasting conditions. The study was carried out on New Zealand rabbits (n=10) maintained for a period of 8 weeks at 23±2 °C. Food was removed 24 h before BAT and WAT were obtained. Protein expression levels of the glycolytic-related protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase were higher in WAT than that in BAT. The expression level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and CPT2, two fatty acid mitochondrial transporters, and the fatty acid β-oxidation-related enzyme, acyl CoA dehydrogenase, was higher in BAT than in WAT. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase expression and malate dehydrogenase activity were higher in WAT than in BAT. However, lactate dehydrogenase expression and lactate content were significantly higher in BAT than in WAT. In summary, this study for the first time, to our knowledge, has described how under fasting and normal temperature conditions rabbit BAT seems to use anaerobic metabolism to provide energetic fuel, as opposed to WAT, where the malate-aspartate shuttle and, therefore, the gluconeogenic pathway seem to be potentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z López-Ibarra
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Modrego
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M Valero-Muñoz
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - P Rodríguez-Sierra
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J J Zamorano-León
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - A González-Cantalapiedra
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - N de Las Heras
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - S Ballesteros
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - V Lahera
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - A J López-Farré
- Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain Surgery DepartmentHospital Universitario ROF-Codina, Lugo, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid, SpainDepartments of PhysiologyMedicineSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Kanda A, Noda K, Ishida S. ATP6AP2/(pro)renin receptor contributes to glucose metabolism via stabilizing the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 β subunit. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9690-700. [PMID: 25720494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glucose metabolism is indispensable for metabolically active cells; however, the regulatory mechanism of efficient energy generation in the highly evolved mammalian retina remains incompletely understood. Here, we revealed an unsuspected role for (pro)renin receptor, also known as ATP6AP2, in energy metabolism. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses identified the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex as Atp6ap2-interacting proteins in the mouse retina. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated direct molecular binding between ATP6AP2 and the PDH E1 β subunit (PDHB). Pdhb immunoreactivity co-localized with Atp6ap2 in multiple retinal layers including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). ATP6AP2 knockdown in RPE cells reduced PDH activity, showing a predilection to anaerobic glycolysis. ATP6AP2 protected PDHB from phosphorylation, thus controlling its protein stability. Down-regulated PDH activity due to ATP6AP2 knockdown inhibited glucose-stimulated oxidative stress in RPE cells. Our present data unraveled the novel function of ATP6AP2/(P)RR as a PDHB stabilizer, contributing to aerobic glucose metabolism together with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Kanda
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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49
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Devaux-Bricout M, Grévent D, Lebre AS, Rio M, Desguerre I, De Lonlay P, Valayannopoulos V, Brunelle F, Rötig A, Munnich A, Boddaert N. [Aspect of brain MRI in mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. A diagnostic algorithm of the most common mitochondrial genetic mutations]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:381-9. [PMID: 24768439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are due to deficiency of the respiratory chain and are characterized by a broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity that makes diagnosis difficult. Some clinical presentations are highly suggestive of given gene mutations, allowing rapid genetic diagnosis. However, owing to the wide pattern of symptoms in mitochondrial disorders and the constantly growing number of disease genes, their genetic diagnosis is frequently difficult and genotype/phenotype correlations remain elusive. For this reason, brain MRI appears as a useful tool for genotype/phenotype correlations. Here, we report the most frequent neuroradiological signs in mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency and we propose a diagnostic algorithm based on neuroimaging features, so as to direct molecular genetic tests in patients at risk of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. This algorithm is based on the careful analysis of five areas on brain MRI: (1) basal ganglia (hyperintensities on T2 or calcifications); (2) cerebellum (hyperintensities on T2 or atrophy); (3) brainstem (hyperintensities on T2 or atrophy); (4) white matter (leukoencephalopathy); (5) cortex (sub-tentorial atrophy); (6) stroke-like episodes. We believe that the combination of brain MRI features is of value to support respiratory chain deficiency and direct molecular genetic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Devaux-Bricout
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - D Grévent
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A-S Lebre
- Unités génétiques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - M Rio
- Unités génétiques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - I Desguerre
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - P De Lonlay
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - V Valayannopoulos
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - F Brunelle
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Rötig
- Unités génétiques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Imagine, 156, rue Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Munnich
- Unités génétiques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Imagine, 156, rue Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - N Boddaert
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm U781 et U1000, université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
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Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum and Skeletal Deformities in Two Unrelated Patients: Analysis via MRI and Radiography. Case Rep Orthop 2014; 2014:186973. [PMID: 24592343 PMCID: PMC3926397 DOI: 10.1155/2014/186973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Mental retardation, mild to severe epilepsy and cerebral palsy often of hemiplegic type are common accompaniments in patients with agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Skeletal deformities of bilateral radiohumeral synostosis, brachydactyly, bilateral elbow dislocation, talipes equinovarus, and juxtacalcaneal accessory bones have been encountered in two unrelated children with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Methods. We report on two unrelated children who presented with the full clinical criteria of agenesis of the corpus callosum. Strikingly, both presented with variable upper and lower limb deformities. The clinical features, radiographic and MRI findings in our current patients, have been compared with previously reported cases identified through a PubMed literature review. Results.
Bilateral radiohumeral synostosis associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency has been encountered in one patient. The other patient manifested bilateral elbow dislocation, coxa valga, talipes equinovarus, and bilateral juxtacalcaneal accessory bones. Conclusion. The constellation of malformation complexes in our current patients have the hitherto not been reported and expanding the spectrum of skeletal deformities in connection with agenesis of the corpus callosum.
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