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Parisi X, Bledsoe JR. Discerning clinicopathological features of congenital neutropenia syndromes: an approach to diagnostically challenging differential diagnoses. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:586-604. [PMID: 38589208 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The congenital neutropenia syndromes are rare haematological conditions defined by impaired myeloid precursor differentiation or function. Patients are prone to severe infections with high mortality rates in early life. While some patients benefit from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment, they may still face an increased risk of bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukaemia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for improved outcomes; however, diagnosis depends on familiarity with a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that remain incompletely characterised. The clinical and pathological overlap between reactive conditions, primary and congenital neutropenias, bone marrow failure, and myelodysplastic syndromes further clouds diagnostic clarity.We review the diagnostically useful clinicopathological and morphological features of reactive causes of neutropenia and the most common primary neutropenia disorders: constitutional/benign ethnic neutropenia, chronic idiopathic neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, severe congenital neutropenia (due to mutations in ELANE, GFI1, HAX1, G6PC3, VPS45, JAGN1, CSF3R, SRP54, CLPB and WAS), GATA2 deficiency, Warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, the lysosomal storage disorders with neutropenia: Chediak-Higashi, Hermansky-Pudlak, and Griscelli syndromes, Cohen, and Barth syndromes. We also detail characteristic cytogenetic and molecular factors at diagnosis and in progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Parisi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob R Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Milhem FS, Awashra A, Hamshary H, Sawaftah Z, Khaled A, Nabresi N, Salman I. Cohen Syndrome With Complex Medical Complications: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e66033. [PMID: 39221324 PMCID: PMC11366416 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder marked by developmental delays, distinct facial features, and a variety of systemic manifestations. We present a case of a 28-year-old male previously misdiagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome who exhibited recurrent generalized weakness, fever, fatigue, and significant hemoglobin drops requiring multiple blood transfusions due to thalassemia major. The patient displayed characteristic CS features, including developmental delays, distinct facial characteristics, morbid obesity, and heterochromia iridis. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding led to a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) via colonoscopy. Management included blood transfusions, hydrocortisone, mesalamine, and azathioprine, resulting in stabilized UC and improved overall health. CS presents with a spectrum of clinical features that overlap with other syndromic conditions, necessitating careful differential diagnosis. Early diagnosis and supportive care significantly improve quality of life and help manage complications effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi S Milhem
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Ameer Awashra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Husam Hamshary
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Zaid Sawaftah
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Amr Khaled
- Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Noor Nabresi
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Tulkarim Governmental Hospital, Tulkarm, PSE
| | - Israa Salman
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Tulkarim Governmental Hospital, Tulkarim, PSE
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3
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Suciu A, Starybrat D, Gil-Morales C, Matson H, Jepson R, Williams M, Lyraki M, McMahon L, Nerhagen S, Veitch A, Llewellyn E. Clinical findings, treatment and outcome of trapped neutrophil syndrome in Border Collies: 12 cases (2011-2022). J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:560-568. [PMID: 38622907 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment administered and short- (survival to 28 days) and long-term prognosis (survival >6 months) in dogs diagnosed with trapped neutrophil syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 12 dogs (10 Border Collies and two Border Collie Crossbreeds) homozygous for VPS13B gene mutation causing trapped neutrophil syndrome from seven veterinary institutions between January 2011 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The most common clinical signs at the time of diagnosis were pyrexia, abnormal gait and gastrointestinal signs. Concurrent metaphyseal osteopathy and immune-mediated polyarthritis were common. Seven dogs had a segmented neutrophil count below, four dogs within and one dog above the analyser reference interval at presentation. Two dogs had a septic source identified and both were additionally identified to be homozygous mutant positive on DNA testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for canine cyclic neutropenia. All dogs received at least one antimicrobial agent and 10 dogs received treatment with prednisone or prednisolone (median starting dose 1 mg/kg/day; range 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day). Nine dogs were alive at 28 days and six dogs were alive at 6 months post-diagnosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Trapped neutrophil syndrome should be suspected in young Border Collies with pyrexia, lameness and gastrointestinal signs. Neutropenia may not always be present and long-term survival is possible. A septic focus was not commonly identified in our population; however, our results suggest that if identified, testing for concurrent canine cyclic neutropenia should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suciu
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D Starybrat
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C Gil-Morales
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H Matson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - R Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - M Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M Lyraki
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L McMahon
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - S Nerhagen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - A Veitch
- Dryfe Vets Ltd, 1 Mains Street, Lockerbie, DG11 2DG, UK
| | - E Llewellyn
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Carvalho LML, Jorge AADL, Bertola DR, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C. A Comprehensive Review of Syndromic Forms of Obesity: Genetic Etiology, Clinical Features and Molecular Diagnosis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:313-337. [PMID: 38277088 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Syndromic obesity refers to obesity occurring with additional clinical findings, such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present a narrative review regarding the genetic etiology, clinical description, and molecular diagnosis of syndromic obesity, which is a rare condition with high phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. The following syndromes are presented in this review: Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Alström, Smith-Magenis, Cohen, Temple, 1p36 deletion, 16p11.2 microdeletion, Kleefstra, SIM1-related, Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann, WAGRO, Carpenter, MORM, and MYT1L-related syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS: There are three main groups of mechanisms for syndromic obesity: imprinting, transcriptional activity regulation, and cellular cilia function. For molecular diagnostic, methods of genome-wide investigation should be prioritized over sequencing of panels of syndromic obesity genes. In addition, we present novel syndromic conditions that need further delineation, but evidences suggest they have a higher frequency of obesity. The etiology of syndromic obesity tends to be linked to disrupted neurodevelopment (central) and is associated with a diversity of genes and biological pathways. In the genetic investigation of individuals with syndromic obesity, the possibility that the etiology of the syndromic condition is independent of obesity should be considered. The accurate genetic diagnosis impacts medical management, treatment, and prognosis, and allows proper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machado Lara Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
- Genetic Endocrinology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (LIM/25), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Genetics Unit of Instituto da Criança, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Alsaleh Y, Al Ghadeer HA, Aljabri A, Alhashim Z, Mohamed M, Busaleh F, Alramadhan FA, Alghazal MM. Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1B and Cohen Syndrome: Novel Mutation, Unusual Combination, and Presentation. Cureus 2024; 16:e57217. [PMID: 38681476 PMCID: PMC11056278 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare inherited disorder of resistance to aldosterone and presents with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Cohen syndrome (CS) is another rare inherited disease. Concurrent presentation with pseudohypoaldosteronism makes it so extraordinary and implies more challenges for clinicians. We report a case of a female with Cohen syndrome (novel mutation) and systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism, as well as the challenges we have encountered in the management of this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Alsaleh
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | | | - Aida Aljabri
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Zahra Alhashim
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Moneera Mohamed
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Fadi Busaleh
- Pediatrics, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Al-Ahsa, SAU
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Dobrewa W, Bielska M, Bąbol-Pokora K, Janczar S, Młynarski W. Congenital neutropenia: From lab bench to clinic bedside and back. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 793:108476. [PMID: 37989463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenia is a hematological condition characterized by a decrease in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in peripheral blood, typically classified in adults as mild (1-1.5 × 109/L), moderate (0.5-1 × 109/L), or severe (< 0.5 × 109/L). It can be categorized into two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) arises from mutations in various genes, with different inheritance patterns, including autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked forms, often linked to mitochondrial diseases. The most common genetic cause is alterations in the ELANE gene. Some cases exist as non-syndromic neutropenia within the SCN spectrum, where genetic origins remain unidentified. The clinical consequences of congenital neutropenia depend on granulocyte levels and dysfunction. Infants with this condition often experience recurrent bacterial infections, with approximately half facing severe infections within their first six months of life. These infections commonly affect the respiratory system, digestive tract, and skin, resulting in symptoms like fever, abscesses, and even sepsis. The severity of these symptoms varies, and the specific organs and systems affected depend on the genetic defect. Congenital neutropenia elevates the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), particularly with certain genetic variants. SCN patients may acquire CSF3R and RUNX1 mutations, which can predict the development of leukemia. It is important to note that high-dose granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment may have the potential to promote leukemogenesis. Treatment for neutropenia involves antibiotics, drugs that boost neutrophil production, or bone marrow transplants. Immediate treatment is essential due to the heightened risk of severe infections. In severe congenital or cyclic neutropenia (CyN), the primary therapy is G-CSF, often combined with antibiotics. The G-CSF dosage is gradually increased to normalize neutrophil counts. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are considered for non-responders or those at risk of AML/MDS. In cases of WHIM syndrome, CXCR4 inhibitors can be effective. Future treatments may involve gene editing and the use of the diabetes drug empagliflozin to alleviate neutropenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Dobrewa
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Bielska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bąbol-Pokora
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szymon Janczar
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland.
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Kim DA, Kim J. Ophthalmic findings in Cohen syndrome patient without subjective ophthalmic complaints: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35945. [PMID: 37986394 PMCID: PMC10659637 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cohen syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can cause various symptoms, including ophthalmic manifestations that can significantly impact a patient's visual health and quality of life. PATIENT CONCERNS We present the case of a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with Cohen syndrome who exhibited retinal degeneration and macular edema but could not express ophthalmic symptoms due to a developmental disability. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with Cohen syndrome by a heterozygous mutation in the VPS13B gene by whole exome sequencing and referred to ophthalmology for an ophthalmic examination. INTERVENTION Ophthalmologic tests, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography, were performed. OUTCOMES Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were not measured due to poor cooperation, and no abnormal findings were observed on the slit lamp examination. However, peripheral retinal degeneration was observed in the fundus examination, and cystoid macular edema was observed in both eyes on optical coherence tomography. LESSONS Regular ophthalmologic examination is important for patients with Cohen syndrome, especially those with developmental disabilities who may not be able to express their symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of the potential ophthalmologic manifestations of Cohen syndrome and the importance of timely diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Ah Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Marincak Vrankova Z, Krivanek J, Danek Z, Zelinka J, Brysova A, Izakovicova Holla L, Hartsfield JK, Borilova Linhartova P. Candidate genes for obstructive sleep apnea in non-syndromic children with craniofacial dysmorphisms - a narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1117493. [PMID: 37441579 PMCID: PMC10334820 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1117493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a complex disease with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. The presence of craniofacial dysmorphisms influencing the patency of the upper airway is considered a risk factor for POSA development. The craniofacial features associated with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) - craniosynostosis, retrognathia and micrognathia, midface and maxillary hypoplasia - have high heritability and, in a less severe form, could be also found in non-syndromic children suffering from POSA. As genetic factors play a role in both POSA and craniofacial dysmorphisms, we hypothesize that some genes associated with specific craniofacial features that are involved in the development of the orofacial area may be also considered candidate genes for POSA. The genetic background of POSA in children is less explored than in adults; so far, only one genome-wide association study for POSA has been conducted; however, children with craniofacial disorders were excluded from that study. In this narrative review, we discuss syndromes that are commonly associated with severe craniofacial dysmorphisms and a high prevalence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), including POSA. We also summarized information about their genetic background and based on this, proposed 30 candidate genes for POSA affecting craniofacial development that may play a role in children with syndromes, and identified seven of these genes that were previously associated with craniofacial features risky for POSA development in non-syndromic children. The evidence-based approach supports the proposition that variants of these candidate genes could lead to POSA phenotype even in these children, and, thus, should be considered in future research in the general pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Marincak Vrankova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Danek
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zelinka
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Brysova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James K. Hartsfield
- E. Preston Hicks Professor of Orthodontics and Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core, Lexington, KE, United States
| | - Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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Güneş N, Alkaya DU, Demirbilek V, Yalçınkaya C, Tüysüz B. Early Diagnostic Signs and the Natural History of Typical Findings in Cohen Syndrome. J Pediatr 2023; 252:93-100. [PMID: 36067876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and long-term clinical features of a molecularly confirmed cohort with Cohen syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Twelve patients with Cohen syndrome aged 0.2-13.9 years from 8 families with a median follow-up of 7 years were enrolled to the study. Genetic analyses were made by VPS13B and whole-exome sequencing analyses. RESULTS Biallelic VPS13B variants, including 3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, and 1 splice-site variant, and a multiexon deletion were detected. Prader-Willi syndrome-like features such as hypotonia, small hands, round face with full cheeks, almond-shaped eyes, and micrognathia were observed in all infantile patients. Beginning from age 4 years, it was noticed that the face gradually elongated and became oval. The typical facial features of Cohen syndrome such as a long face, beak-shaped nose, and open-mouth appearance with prominent upper central incisors became evident at age 9. Other Cohen syndrome features including retinopathy (11/11), neutropenia (11/12), truncal obesity (5/12), and myopia (5/11) were detected at the median ages of 7.8, 7, 7.5, and 5 years, respectively. Eleven patients aged older than 5 years at their last examination had severe speech delay. CONCLUSIONS A differential diagnosis of Cohen syndrome in the infancy should be made with Prader-Willi syndrome, and that the typical facial features for Cohen syndrome is prominent at age 9 years, when retinopathy, neutropenia, and truncal obesity become evident. Moreover, adding the severe speech delay to the diagnostic criteria should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Güneş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysi Demirbilek
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yalçınkaya
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Vilares-Morgado R, Ferreira AM, Santos-Silva R, Quental R, Carneiro Â, Estrela-Silva S. Cohen Syndrome: Novel VPS13B Genetic Variants in a Male Portuguese Patient with Pigmentary Retinopathy. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2023; 14:519-527. [PMID: 37901634 PMCID: PMC10601875 DOI: 10.1159/000533974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this clinical report was to describe a case of Cohen syndrome with its classical ophthalmological manifestations and novel VPS13B genetic variants. A 39-year-old Caucasian male patient with severe rod-cone retinal dystrophy and no history of parental consanguinity was referred to our ophthalmology department. Ophthalmologic history included high bilateral myopia and a 3-year prior bilateral cataract surgery. Systemic history included facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, transient neutropenia, microcephaly, truncal obesity, and joint hyperextensibility. The patient presented classic fundoscopic features of pigmentary retinopathy in both eyes (OU). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed bilateral central and diffuse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retinal atrophy without concomitant macular edema, while fluorescein angiography (FA) demonstrated diffuse RPE atrophy with prominent choroidal vessels. The full-field ERG (ffERG) showed no dark-adapted or light-adapted responses and the P50 wave was not identified in the pattern ERG (pERG). The genetic study revealed two novel heterozygous variants in the VPS13B gene: (1) c.5138T>C p.(Leu1713Pro) and (2) c.10179del p.(Asn3393Lysfs*37), thus confirming the diagnosis of Cohen syndrome. This case report introduces these two novel genetic variants to the literature, in a patient with classic phenotypic characteristics of Cohen syndrome, a rare genetic disease which has been increasingly reported since its first description in 1973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vilares-Morgado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Ferreira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Santos-Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Quental
- Department of Human Genetics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carneiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Estrela-Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Caglayan AO, Tuysuz B, Gül E, Alkaya DU, Yalcinkaya C, Gleeson JG, Bilguvar K, Gunel M. Biallelic BICD2 variant is a novel candidate for Cohen-like syndrome. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:553-556. [PMID: 35338243 PMCID: PMC9420744 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in Bicaudal D2 Drosophila homolog 2 (BICD2) gene, encodes a vesicle transport protein involved in dynein-mediated movement along microtubules, are responsible for an exceedingly rare autosomal dominant spinal muscular atrophy type 2A which starts in the childhood and predominantly effects lower extremities. Recently, a more severe form, type 2B, has also been described. Here, we present a patient born to a consanguineous union and who suffered from intellectual disability, speech delay, epilepsy, happy facial expression, truncal obesity with tappering fingers, and joint hypermobility. Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed a rare, homozygous missense mutation (c.731T>C; p.Leu244Pro) in BICD2 gene. This finding presents the first report in the literature for homozygous BICD2 mutations and its association with a Cohen-Like syndrome. Patients presenting with Cohen-Like phenotypes should be further interrogated for mutations in BICD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Okay Caglayan
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA.
| | - Beyhan Tuysuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ece Gül
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludag Alkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yalcinkaya
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92025, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA
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12
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Daich Varela M, Motta FL, Webster AR, Arno G. A rare canonical splice-site variant in VPS13B causes attenuated Cohen syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:110-115. [PMID: 34425733 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1970194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe a patient with a history of obesity, retinal dystrophy, type II diabetes, and mild cognitive impairment; found to harbour biallelic splice-site variants in VPS13B. MATERIALS & METHODS A complete ophthalmic evaluation was performed at Moorfields Eye Hospital (London, United Kingdom), consisting of measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp and dilated fundus evaluation, colour, autofluorescence and near-infrared retinal imaging, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, and electroretinogram (ERG). Whole-genome sequencing was performed as part of the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project. RESULTS A 26-year-old Pakistani man with normal appearance, stature, and head size presented with decreased BCVA and severely constricted visual fields to our Ophthalmic Genetics clinic. He had a history of obesity, type II diabetes, and mild cognitive impairment. His evaluation showed retina-wide, severe photoreceptor dysfunction in both eyes, with undetectable scotopic and photopic ERG waveforms. Genomic analysis identified a homozygous rare splice donor variant in the VPS13B gene (c.5024+2T>C) that was demonstrated to lead to skipping of the in-frame exon 31 (p.Gln1607_Ser1675delinsHis). CONCLUSIONS Exon 31 skipping in VPS13B may lead to a hypomorphic change, with partial gene function and an incomplete, mild Cohen syndrome-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fabiana Louise Motta
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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"Oral Manifestations of Patients with Inherited Defect in Phagocyte Number or Function" a systematic review. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108796. [PMID: 34271191 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherited phagocyte defects are one of the subgroups of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) with various clinical manifestations. As oral manifestations are common at the early ages, oral practitioners can have a special role in the early diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in this systematic review study and data of included studies were categorized into four subgroups of phagocyte defects, including congenital neutropenia, defects of motility, defects of respiratory burst, and other non-lymphoid defects. RESULTS Among all phagocyte defects, 12 disorders had reported data for oral manifestations in published articles. A total of 987 cases were included in this study. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral manifestations. CONCLUSION There is a need to organize better collaboration between medical doctors and dentists to diagnose and treat patients with phagocyte defects. Regular dental visits and professional oral health care are recommended from the time of the first primary teeth eruption in newborns.
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14
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Razavi A, Jafarpour H, Khosravi MR, Abbasi G, Dabbaghzadeh A. A VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome presented with petechiae: An unusual presentation. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04492. [PMID: 34322253 PMCID: PMC8301562 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. CS includes a range of clinical symptoms including retinal dystrophy and myopia. The new VPS13B mutation could cause CS-induced neutropenia and petechiae in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Razavi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad reza Khosravi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Ghazal Abbasi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Abbas Dabbaghzadeh
- Department of PediatricsSchool of MedicineBu Ali Sina HospitalMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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15
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Karimzadeh MR, Omidi F, Sahebalzamani A, Saeidi K. A Novel VPS13B Mutation Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing in Iranian Patients with Cohen Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2566-2574. [PMID: 34041686 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is caused by homozygous mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B, also referred to as COH1) gene on chromosome 8q22.2. The VPS13B protein is involved in transmembrane transport, Golgi integrity, and neuritogenesis. Clinical manifestations of Cohen syndrome are mainly intellectual disability, developmental delay, facial abnormalities, and eye disorders. This study aimed to identify the causative variant in two unrelated families with Cohen syndrome. To this end, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the pathogenic variants. A homozygous nonsense variant (NM_017890:c.10369C > T; NP_060360.3: p.Q3457X) in the VPS13B gene was identified and co-segregated with all affected individuals in both families. In silico analysis highly suggested this variant as damaging for protein function. The present study increases the mutation spectrum of the VPS13B gene and could be useful in genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling in Cohen syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Omidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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16
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Lhussiez V, Dubus E, Cesar Q, Acar N, Nandrot EF, Simonutti M, Audo I, Lizé E, Nguyen S, Geissler A, Bouchot A, Ansar M, Picaud S, Thauvin-Robinet C, Olivier-Faivre L, Duplomb L, Da Costa R. Cohen Syndrome-Associated Cataract Is Explained by VPS13B Functions in Lens Homeostasis and Is Modified by Additional Genetic Factors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:18. [PMID: 32915983 PMCID: PMC7488618 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by variants of the VPS13B gene. CS patients are affected with a severe form of retinal dystrophy, and in several cases cataracts also develop. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms and risk factors for cataract in CS, as well as to report on cataract surgeries in CS patients. Methods To understand how VPS13B is associated with visual impairments in CS, we generated the Vps13b∆Ex3/∆Ex3 mouse model. Mice from 1 to 3 months of age were followed by ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examinations. Phenotypes were investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Literature analysis was performed to determine specific characteristic features of cataract in CS and to identify potential genotype–phenotype correlations. Results Cataracts rapidly developed in 2-month-old knockout mice and were present in almost all lenses at 3 months. Eye fundi appeared normal until cataract development. Lens immunostaining revealed that cataract formation was associated with the appearance of large vacuoles in the cortical area, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis. In later stages, cataracts became hypermature, leading to profound retinal remodeling due to inflammatory events. Literature analysis showed that CS-related cataracts display specific features compared to other forms of retinitis pigmentosa-related cataracts, and their onset is modified by additional genetic factors. Corroboratively, we were able to isolate a subline of the Vps13b∆Ex3/∆Ex3 model with delayed cataract onset. Conclusions VPS13B participates in lens homeostasis, and the CS-related cataract development dynamic is linked to additional genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lhussiez
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Elisabeth Dubus
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Quénol Cesar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emeline F Nandrot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Simonutti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Eléonore Lizé
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Nguyen
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Audrey Geissler
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire DImaCell (site CellImaP), INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - André Bouchot
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire DImaCell (site CellImaP), INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Olivier-Faivre
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Da Costa
- INSERM UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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17
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Lafon A, Faivre L, Seux D, Gautier E, Duplomb L, Grogogeat B, Marcelet A, Laforest L. Periodontal disorders in a cohort of patients with Cohen syndrome. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:118-124. [PMID: 33202072 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cohen syndrome (CS) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13B, with an intermittent presence of neutropenia. Contrary to other clinical phenotypic features, oral health has been little investigated in CS. We described oral health and dental hygiene in a cohort of CS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve CS patients with neutropenia (<1500/mm3 ) were recruited in the dental department of Dijon University Hospital (France). Patients underwent oral examination, and blood samples were collected. Oral health markers were described and compared between patients with moderate and severe neutropenia (<500/mm3 ). In 12 patients (mean age = 21.1 years, SD = 13.7, six females), 45.5% brushed at least twice daily their teeth, and the same percentage annually visited a dentist. Dental plaque index was high (mean = 1.7, SD = 1.4). So was the number of lost teeth per patient, notably among adults (mean = 13.8, SD = 9.8). Elevated markers of periodontitis were noted as percentage of bleeding dental sites (mean = 70.2%, SD = 45.2%) or Gingival Index (mean = 2.2, SD = 1.0). The severity of neutropenia was correlated to the level of tooth-loss (P = .03). CONCLUSION This study highlighted in CS patients worrisome oral health and dental follow-up in the context of intellectual disability with behavioural anomalies. More attention is needed by care-givers on oral condition in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Lafon
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France.,Enseignant chercheur du Laboratoire Parcours de Santé Systémique EA 4129-Ecole Doctorale EDISS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Seux
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, LMI UMR CNRS 5615, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Gautier
- FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Brigitte Grogogeat
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, LMI UMR CNRS 5615, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurent Laforest
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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18
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Homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing provide exact diagnosis of Cohen syndrome in a Saudi family. Brain Dev 2020; 42:587-593. [PMID: 32402540 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare multi-system autosomal recessive disorder with a high prevalence in the Finnish population. Clinical features of Finnish-type CS are homogeneous, however, in non-Finnish populations, CS diagnosis is challenging due to broad phenotypic variability. METHODS We studied a consanguineous family having three affected individuals with clinical features of severe intellectual disability and global developmental delay. Clinical diagnosis of the phenotype could not be established based on the features. Therefore, whole genome SNP genotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed on DNA samples from affected and unaffected family members. RESULTS Homozygosity mapping identified a shared loss of heterozygosity region on chromosome 8q22.1-q22.3 and WES data analysis revealed an insertion-deletion (indel) mutation (c.11519_11521delCAAinsT) in the VPS13B gene. The indel is predicted to cause a frameshift resulting in a premature termination of the VPS13B protein (NP_060360.3:p.Pro3840Leufs*2). CONCLUSION VPS13B encodes a giant transmembrane protein called vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B. VPS13B is known to play a role in the glycosylation of Golgi proteins and in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. Moreover, it is thought to function in vesicle mediated transport and sorting of proteins within the cell. The mechanism by which abnormalities of the VPS13B protein lead to the phenotype of CS is currently unknown. Here, in this study, we successfully established a clinical diagnosis of CS cases from a family using genomic analyses. Clinical re-examination of the patients revealed characteristic ocular abnormalities.
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19
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A novel VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome: a case report and review of literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:140. [PMID: 32605629 PMCID: PMC7325105 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Cohen syndrome, an autosomal recessive syndrome, is a rare syndrome with diverse clinical manifestations including failure to thrive, hypotonia, hypermobile joints, microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, craniofacial and limb anomalies, neutropenia and a friendly character. It is associated with mutations of the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B) gene, which is involved in the development of the ocular, hematological and central nervous systems. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein playing a crucial role in preserving the integrity of the Golgi complex. To date, more than 150 mutations of VPS13B have been reported in over 200 Cohen syndrome patients. Missense or nonsense mutations are the most common mutations. Case presentation A 4-year-old girl, born to consanguineous parents, was referred to the pediatric clinical immunology outpatient clinic for investigation of recurrent neutropenia with a history of recurrent infections in the past year. On physical examination, she had the characteristic facial features of Cohen syndrome, developmental delay and speech disorder. She had a cheerful disposition, and her mother gave a history of feeding difficulties in her first months of life. She did not present any ophthalmologic or cardiac abnormalities. Her lab results revealed moderate neutropenia. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE levels were normal. She fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria for Cohen syndrome. WES revealed a novel homozygous frameshift variant in VPS13B (LRG_351t1: c.7095del; p.Ser2366AlafsTer49). Currently, she is not experiencing any severe problem, and she undergoes irregular medical treatment once her neutrophil count decreases under the normal limit. Her verbal and motor abilities have improved as a result of speech and occupational therapies. Conclusion We reported a novel homozygous frameshift variant in VPS13B (LRG_351t1: c.7095del; p.Ser2366AlafsTer49) in a 4-year-old girl with Cohen syndrome. Cohen syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis of any child with intellectual disability and neutropenia.
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20
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Liles CA, Tensmeyer MS, York JM, Ekanayake LS, Lew J. Cystoid Macular Edema in a 10-Year-Old Boy With Cohen Syndrome. Cureus 2020; 12:e8443. [PMID: 32642357 PMCID: PMC7336604 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is an extremely rare disease with characteristic somatic and multi-system features that severely affect vision. Ophthalmologists must consider Cohen syndrome when developmental delay, high-grade myopia, and retinal dystrophy are present in a child. Here we report a case of Cohen syndrome in a 10-year-old boy presenting with cystoid macular edema (CME), only the second reported case of its kind. This case illustrates the phenotypic variability that can occur in Cohen syndrome, with rare features in addition to CME including trace posterior subcapsular cataracts, growth hormone deficiency, mild vermian hypoplasia, a nasolacrimal cyst, hearing loss, and high-functioning intelligence quotient (IQ). Our patient did not have an identifiable second mutation even after extensive genetic testing, which raises questions about whether the patient has a novel gene variant for the disease or an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance exists for Cohen syndrome. In addition to peripheral vision loss, the rare appearance of macular edema can threaten the remaining vision and requires intervention. This case also demonstrates that, without a high index of suspicion, there can be considerable delay in diagnosing Cohen syndrome. Though little is known about the prevalence of many of the clinical features seen in our case in the Cohen syndrome population, this case raises awareness of the syndrome and the need to recognize various clinical features, perform genetic testing, and direct appropriate treatment to prevent complications and help improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Liles
- Ophthalmology, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, USA
| | - Michael S Tensmeyer
- Neuroscience, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, USA
| | - Justin M York
- General Surgery, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, USA
| | - Lakmal S Ekanayake
- Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, USA
| | - Julie Lew
- Ophthalmology, Holzer Health System, Athens, USA
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21
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Jiman OA, Taylor RL, Lenassi E, Smith JC, Douzgou S, Ellingford JM, Barton S, Hardcastle C, Fletcher T, Campbell C, Ashworth J, Biswas S, Ramsden SC, Manson FD, Black GC. Diagnostic yield of panel-based genetic testing in syndromic inherited retinal disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:576-586. [PMID: 31836858 PMCID: PMC7171123 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty percent of all inherited retinal disease (IRD) is accounted for by conditions with extra-ocular features. This study aimed to establish the genetic diagnostic pick-up rate for IRD patients with one or more extra-ocular features undergoing panel-based screening in a clinical setting. One hundred and six participants, tested on a gene panel which contained both isolated and syndromic IRD genes, were retrospectively ascertained from the Manchester Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory database spanning 6 years (2012-2017). Phenotypic features were extracted from the clinical notes and classified according to Human Phenotype Ontology; all identified genetic variants were interpreted in accordance to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Overall, 49% (n = 52) of patients received a probable genetic diagnosis. A further 6% (n = 6) had a single disease-associated variant in an autosomal recessive disease-relevant gene. Fifty-two percent (n = 55) of patients had a clinical diagnosis at the time of testing. Of these, 71% (n = 39) received a probable genetic diagnosis. By contrast, for those without a provisional clinical diagnosis (n = 51), only 25% (n = 13) received a probable genetic diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis of Usher (n = 33) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (n = 10) was confirmed in 67% (n = 22) and 80% (n = 8), respectively. The testing diagnostic rate in patients with clinically diagnosed multisystemic IRD conditions was significantly higher than those without one (71% versus 25%; p value < 0.001). The lower pick-up rate in patients without a clinical diagnosis suggests that panel-based approaches are unlikely to be the most effective means of achieving a molecular diagnosis for this group. Here, we suggest that genome-wide approaches (whole exome or genome) are more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamah A Jiman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachel L Taylor
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Eva Lenassi
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Clayton Smith
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephanie Barton
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Hardcastle
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Fletcher
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Ashworth
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Susmito Biswas
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Forbes D Manson
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Graeme C Black
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK.
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22
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Kaushik P, Mahajan N, Girimaji SC, Kumar A. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Homozygous Duplication Mutation in the VPS13B Gene in an Indian Family with Cohen Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1225-1228. [PMID: 32170714 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder, characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, progressive retinopathy, neutropenia, truncal obesity, joint laxity, characteristic facial, ophthalmic, oral and appendage abnormalities, and an over friendly behavior. It has been linked to mutations in the VPS13B gene. The main purpose of this study was to determine the genetic cause of CS in an Indian family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the genetic cause of CS in the family. The WES analysis identified a homozygous novel duplication mutation c.5272dupG in the VPS13B gene, leading to formation of a truncating protein. The present study will be advantageous in genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling in CS, and increases the mutational spectrum of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankhuri Kaushik
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Naresh Mahajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Satish C Girimaji
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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23
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Koehler K, Schuelke M, Hell AK, Schittkowski M, Huebner A, Brockmann K. A novel homozygous nonsense mutation of VPS13B associated with previously unreported features of Cohen syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:570-575. [PMID: 31825161 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B; formerly COH1) gene. The core clinical phenotype comprises a characteristic facial gestalt, marked developmental delay, and myopia. Additional, nonobligatory features include obesity, microcephaly, short stature, muscular hypotonia, scoliosis, narrow hands and feet, progressive retinopathy, as well as neutropenia. Here we report a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the VPS13B gene and previously undescribed clinical features in a 19-year-old woman with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and a particular facial appearance. The patient showed several features consistent with CS. In addition, the parents observed congenital alacrima and anhidrosis persisting until onset of puberty. The diagnosis was not established based on the clinical phenotype. We performed whole-genome sequencing and identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation c.62T>G (NM_152564.4), p.(Leu21*) in the VPS13B gene. Our findings extended the previously reported phenotype of CS. We conclude that transient, prepubertal alacrima and anhidrosis are part of the phenotypic spectrum of CS associated with a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the VPS13B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Koehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna K Hell
- Pediatric Orthopaedics; Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schittkowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Section for Strabismus, Neuroophthalmology and Oculoplastics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Huebner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Mutations in the VPS13B Gene in Iranian Patients with Different Phenotypes of Cohen Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:21-25. [PMID: 31444703 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypotonia, obesity, developmental delay, mental retardation, and facial, oral, ophthalmic, and limb deformities. Mutations in VPS13B have been found to be responsible for this disorder. In the current report, we have assessed three Iranian families with developmental delay and skeletal deformities. Whole exome sequencing of the affected probands led to identification of the underlying genetic cause in these families. Three mutations were found in VPS13B gene. The detected mutations were c.4608_4609del (p.E1537Rfs*7), c.11486dupG (p.L3830Tfs*13), and c.10360dupC (p.L3454fs*7). The current study broadens the mutation spectrum of VPS13B gene and demonstrates different phenotypic features from classic Cohen syndrome. Moreover, the provided data can be used in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of Iranian patients.
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25
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Shahrabi S, Maleknia M, Tavakolifar Y, D. Zayeri Z, Saki N. Neutropenia and leukemia development: genetic risk factors and prognosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3363-3374. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1630622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleknia
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur, University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yousef Tavakolifar
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab D. Zayeri
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur, University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur, University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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26
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Różdżyńska-Świątkowska A, Tylki-Szymańska A. The importance of anthropological methods in the diagnosis of rare diseases. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:311-320. [PMID: 30917104 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) and rare endocrine-metabolic diseases (REMD) are rare diseases. According to the European Commission on Public Health, a rare disease is defined, based on its prevalence, as one affecting one in 2000 people. Many IEMs affect body stature, cause craniofacial abnormalities, and disturb the developmental process. Therefore, body proportion, dysmorphic characteristics, and morphological parameters must be assessed and closely monitored. This can be achieved only with the help of an anthropologist who has adequate tools. This is why the role of an anthropologist in collaboration with the physician in the diagnostic process is not to be underestimated. Clinical anthropologists contribute to assessing physical development and improve our understanding of the natural history of rare metabolic diseases. This paper presents anthropometric techniques and methods, such as analysis of demographic data, anthropometric parameters at birth, percentile charts, growth patterns, bioimpedance, somatometric profiles, craniofacial profiles, body proportion indices, and mathematical models of growth curves used in certain rare diseases. Contemporary anthropological methods play an important role in the diagnostic process of rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatric, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Duplomb L, Rivière J, Jego G, Da Costa R, Hammann A, Racine J, Schmitt A, Droin N, Capron C, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Dubrez L, Aral B, Lafon A, Edery P, Ghoumid J, Blair E, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Carmignac V, Thevenon J, Guy J, Girodon F, Bastie JN, Delva L, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C, Solary E. Serpin B1 defect and increased apoptosis of neutrophils in Cohen syndrome neutropenia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:633-645. [PMID: 30843084 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder due to mutations in VPS13B gene. Among various clinical and biological features, CS patients suffer from inconsistent neutropenia, which is associated with recurrent but minor infections. We demonstrate here that this neutropenia results from an exaggerate rate of neutrophil apoptosis. Besides this increased cell death, which occurs in the absence of any endoplasmic reticulum stress or defect in neutrophil elastase (ELANE) expression or localization, all neutrophil functions appeared to be normal. We showed a disorganization of the Golgi apparatus in CS neutrophils precursors, that correlates with an altered glycosylation of ICAM-1 in these cells, as evidenced by a migration shift of the protein. Furthermore, a striking decrease in the expression of SERPINB1 gene, which encodes a critical component of neutrophil survival, was detected in CS neutrophils. These abnormalities may account for the excessive apoptosis of neutrophils leading to neutropenia in CS. KEY MESSAGES: Cohen syndrome patients' neutrophils display normal morphology and functions. Cohen syndrome patients' neutrophils have an increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis compared to healthy donors' neutrophils. No ER stress or defective ELA2 expression or glycosylation was observed in Cohen syndrome patients' neutrophils. SerpinB1 expression is significantly decreased in Cohen syndrome neutrophils as well as in VPS13B-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duplomb
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Julie Rivière
- Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Gaëtan Jego
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Da Costa
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Arlette Hammann
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jessica Racine
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75679, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, F-75674, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, F-75000, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Claude Capron
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75679, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, F-75674, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, F-75000, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo
- Inserm U1149-Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, F-75890, Paris, France.,Unité Dysfonctionnement Immunitaire, CHU Xavier Bichat, F-75877, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Aral
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Lafon
- Laboratoire d'odontologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de génétique clinique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU Lyon, HCL, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres, CHRU Lille, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Regional Genetics Service, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Virginie Carmignac
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Guy
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Jean-Noël Bastie
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Delva
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Déficience Intellectuelle, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800, Villejuif, France
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28
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Nonleaking cystoid macular edema in Cohen syndrome. J AAPOS 2019; 23:38-39.e1. [PMID: 30144585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old girl with a history of neutropenia, developmental delay, hypotonia, and intellectual disability was diagnosed with Cohen syndrome after genetic testing discovered homozygous mutation in the VPS13B gene. She was referred to a retinal specialist with a chief complaint of decreased peripheral vision. On examination, decreased visual acuity, pigmentary changes, and nonleaking cystoid macular edema were present in both eyes.
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29
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Congenital neutropenia and primary immunodeficiency diseases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 133:149-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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30
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CNV analysis using whole exome sequencing identified biallelic CNVs of VPS13B in siblings with intellectual disability. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 63:103610. [PMID: 30602132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by myopia, retinal dystrophy, neutropenia, short stature, microcephaly, persistent hypotonia, intellectual disability (ID), and a distinct facial appearance. Cohen syndrome is caused by mutations, such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs) in vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B). Here, we report Japanese siblings with ID, who were subsequently diagnosed with Cohen syndrome by whole exome sequencing (WES). The older sister had hypotonia and mild to moderate ID. The younger sister had short stature, postnatal onset microcephaly, and developmental delay. No pathogenic mutations, including SNVs or small insertions/deletions, were found by WES. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-array did not detect pathogenic copy-number variations. However, using log2-ratio values calculated from WES depth data, we detected pathogenic biallelic heterozygous CNVs in VPS13B in both sisters: a maternally-derived exons 8-15 deletion and a paternally-derived exons 32-33 deletion. Interestingly, the sisters did not show obvious clinical features suggestive of Cohen syndrome, including the distinct facial appearance. These results support the idea that the typical facial features of Cohen syndrome do not appear in early childhood, and that the late appearance of distinctive clinical features results in delayed diagnosis. Furthermore, these results show the possibility that CNV analysis using log2-ratio values calculated from WES depth data is a useful and effective method to detect CNVs, such as the deletion of multiple exons.
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31
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Rodrigues JM, Fernandes HD, Caruthers C, Braddock SR, Knutsen AP. Cohen Syndrome: Review of the Literature. Cureus 2018; 10:e3330. [PMID: 30473963 PMCID: PMC6248805 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome was initially described as a syndrome including obesity, hypotonia, mental deficiency, and facial, oral, ocular and limb anomalies. Leukopenia, especially neutropenia, was later described as a feature of Cohen syndrome. Cohen syndrome is caused by an autosomal recessive (AR) mutation of the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B, also referred to as COH1) gene on chromosome 8q22.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Rodrigues
- Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, USA
| | - Hermina D Fernandes
- Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, USA
| | | | | | - Alan P Knutsen
- Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
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32
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Li A, Gandhi A, Wang H, Traboulsi EI. Bilateral angle closure glaucoma in a 28-year-old Cohen syndrome patient. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:657-658. [PMID: 29985682 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1495746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- a Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Alisha Gandhi
- a Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Heng Wang
- b DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children , Middlefield , OH , USA
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- c Cole Eye Institute , Center for Genetic Eye Diseases , Cleveland , OH , USA
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33
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Zhang F, Shi XY, Liu LY, Liu YT, Zou LP. [Psychomotor retardation with neutropenia for more than one year in a toddler]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:497-500. [PMID: 29972126 PMCID: PMC7389942 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A boy was admitted at the age of 17 months. He had psychomotor retardation in early infancy. Physical examination revealed microcephalus, unusual facies, and a single palmar crease on his right hand, as well as muscle hypotonia in the extremities and hyperextension of the bilateral shoulder and hip joints. Genetic detection identified two pathogenic compound heterozygous mutations, c.8868-1G>A (splicing) and c.11624_11625del (p.V3875Afs*10), in the VPS13B gene, and thus the boy was diagnosed with Cohen syndrome. Cohen syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the VPS13B gene mutations and has complex clinical manifestations. Its clinical features include microcephalus, unusual facies, neutropenia, and joint hyperextension. VPS13B gene detection helps to make a confirmed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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34
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Yang C, Hou M, Li Y, Sun D, Guo Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Song J, Zhang N, Wei W, Chen Z. Gene analysis: A rare gene disease of intellectual deficiency-Cohen syndrome. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 68:83-88. [PMID: 29758347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is a rare, genetic, connective-tissue disorder, which is caused by mutations in the gene COH1 (VPS13B, Vacuolar Protein Sorting 13 Homolog B) at the chromosome 8q22. The disease is rare reported, which major clinical features include postnatal microcephaly, obesity, short stature, intellectual disability, progressive retinal dystrophy, intermittent neutropenia and many other unusual facial feature. We report four patients in China who were diagnosed with Cohen syndrome by genetic testing and clinical manifestations. At the same time, we review the related literature, and further expound the molecular mechanism of the disease, a variety of clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Yang
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Mei Hou
- Pediatric Department of the Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, No. 6 Tongfu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Yutang Li
- Pediatric Department of the Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, No. 6 Tongfu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Dianrong Sun
- Pediatric Department of the Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, No. 6 Tongfu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Ya Guo
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Peipei Liu
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Yedan Liu
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Jie Song
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Kangso Medical Inspection Co.,Ltd, No.65 Haidian District, Xingshikou Road Yiyuan Cultural Creative Industry Base C District No. 10, Floor 2, 201-203, Beijing 100195, PR China.
| | - Zongbo Chen
- Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong 266000, PR China.
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Uyhazi KE, Binenbaum G, Carducci N, Zackai EH, Aleman TS. Early photoreceptor outer segment loss and retinoschisis in Cohen syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:399-404. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1459735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Uyhazi
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gil Binenbaum
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Carducci
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomas S. Aleman
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sanchez-Navarro I, R J da Silva L, Blanco-Kelly F, Zurita O, Sanchez-Bolivar N, Villaverde C, Lopez-Molina MI, Garcia-Sandoval B, Tahsin-Swafiri S, Minguez P, Riveiro-Alvarez R, Lorda I, Sanchez-Alcudia R, Perez-Carro R, Valverde D, Liu Y, Tian L, Hakonarson H, Avila-Fernandez A, Corton M, Ayuso C. Combining targeted panel-based resequencing and copy-number variation analysis for the diagnosis of inherited syndromic retinopathies and associated ciliopathies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5285. [PMID: 29588463 PMCID: PMC5869593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited syndromic retinopathies are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases that involve retinal anomalies and systemic manifestations. They include retinal ciliopathies, other well-defined clinical syndromes presenting with retinal alterations and cases of non-specific multisystemic diseases. The heterogeneity of these conditions makes molecular and clinical characterization of patients challenging in daily clinical practice. We explored the capacity of targeted resequencing and copy-number variation analysis to improve diagnosis of a heterogeneous cohort of 47 patients mainly comprising atypical cases that did not clearly fit a specific clinical diagnosis. Thirty-three likely pathogenic variants were identified in 18 genes (ABCC6, ALMS1, BBS1, BBS2, BBS12, CEP41, CEP290, IFT172, IFT27, MKKS, MYO7A, OTX2, PDZD7, PEX1, RPGRIP1, USH2A, VPS13B, and WDPCP). Molecular findings and additional clinical reassessments made it possible to accurately characterize 14 probands (30% of the total). Notably, clinical refinement of complex phenotypes was achieved in 4 cases, including 2 de novo OTX2-related syndromes, a novel phenotypic association for the ciliary CEP41 gene, and the co-existence of biallelic USH2A variants and a Koolen-de-Vries syndrome-related 17q21.31 microdeletion. We demonstrate that combining next-generation sequencing and CNV analysis is a comprehensive and useful approach to unravel the extensive phenotypic and genotypic complexity of inherited syndromic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Sanchez-Navarro
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana R J da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Zurita
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Sanchez-Bolivar
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Villaverde
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Saoud Tahsin-Swafiri
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Minguez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Riveiro-Alvarez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Sanchez-Alcudia
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Carro
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Almudena Avila-Fernandez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Yeung RO, Hannah-Shmouni F, Niederhoffer K, Walker MA. Not quite type 1 or type 2, what now? Review of monogenic, mitochondrial, and syndromic diabetes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2018; 19:35-52. [PMID: 29777474 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-018-9446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of conditions defined by resultant chronic hyperglycemia. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the increasing understanding of genetic etiologies, we present a broad review of rare genetic forms of diabetes that have differing diagnostic and/or treatment implications from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Advances in understanding the genotype-phenotype associations in these rare forms of diabetes offer clinically available examples of evolving precision medicine where defining the correct genetic etiology can radically alter treatment approaches. In this review, we focus on forms of monogenic diabetes, mitochondrial diabetes, and syndromic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne O Yeung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Alberta, 9114- Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karen Niederhoffer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, 8-53 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mark A Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Saldarriaga W, Collazos L, Ramírez J. Síndrome de Cohen diagnosticado con hibridación genómica comparativa por microarreglos. IATREIA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n4a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline those systemic disorders that are associated with pediatric retinal dystrophy, summarize important retinal, and nonretinal clues that aid in syndromic diagnosis, provide an approach for ophthalmic and systematic systemic examination, describe the important systemic findings seen in pediatric syndromic retinal dystrophies and highlight the role of genetic testing. RECENT FINDINGS With profound advances being made in the field of molecular genetics, a definitive molecular etiology is increasingly being made even in rare and unusual forms of retinal dystrophies. Early recognition and precise diagnosis of a syndromic association has major clinical implications. It not only ensures early and holistic care to the child but also provides an opportunity for the parents in better understanding the nature and course of the disorder. It greatly aids in genetic counseling. SUMMARY Many syndromic retinal dystrophies may present initially to the ophthalmologist long before they present to the pediatrician with systemic symptoms. The intent of this article is to act as a resource in assisting the ophthalmologist to arrive at an early systemic diagnosis.
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Singh RK, Kumar P, Mahalingam K. Molecular genetics of human obesity: A comprehensive review. C R Biol 2017; 340:87-108. [PMID: 28089486 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related health complications is a major problem worldwide. Hypothalamus and their signalling molecules play a critical role in the intervening and coordination with energy balance and homeostasis. Genetic factors play a crucial role in determining an individual's predisposition to the weight gain and being obese. In the past few years, several genetic variants were identified as monogenic forms of human obesity having success over common polygenic forms. In the context of molecular genetics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) approach and their findings signified a number of genetic variants predisposing to obesity. However, the last couple of years, it has also been noticed that alterations in the environmental and epigenetic factors are one of the key causes of obesity. Hence, this review might be helpful in the current scenario of molecular genetics of human obesity, obesity-related health complications (ORHC), and energy homeostasis. Future work based on the clinical discoveries may play a role in the molecular dissection of genetic approaches to find more obesity-susceptible gene loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Singh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - Permendra Kumar
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - Kulandaivelu Mahalingam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India.
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41
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Srivastava A, Srivastava N, Mittal B. Genetics of Obesity. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:361-71. [PMID: 27605733 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous classical genetic studies have proved that genes are contributory factors for obesity. Genes are directly responsible for obesity associated disorders such as Bardet-Biedl and Prader-Willi syndromes. However, both genes as well as environment are associated with obesity in the general population. Genetic epidemiological approaches, particularly genome-wide association studies, have unraveled many genes which play important roles in human obesity. Elucidation of their biological functions can be very useful for understanding pathobiology of obesity. In the near future, further exploration of obesity genetics may help to develop useful diagnostic and predictive tests for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India ; Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India
| | - Neena Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
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Rafiq MA, Leblond CS, Saqib MAN, Vincent AK, Ambalavanan A, Khan FS, Ayaz M, Shaheen N, Spiegelman D, Ali G, Amin-ud-Din M, Laurent S, Mahmood H, Christian M, Ali N, Fennell A, Nanjiani Z, Egger G, Caron C, Waqas A, Ayub M, Rasheed S, Forgeot d'Arc B, Johnson A, So J, Brohi MQ, Mottron L, Ansar M, Vincent JB, Xiong L. Novel VPS13B Mutations in Three Large Pakistani Cohen Syndrome Families Suggests a Baloch Variant with Autistic-Like Features. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:41. [PMID: 26104215 PMCID: PMC4631108 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cohen Syndrome (COH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, principally identified by ocular, neural and muscular deficits. We identified three large consanguineous Pakistani families with intellectual disability and in some cases with autistic traits. Methods Clinical assessments were performed in order to allow comparison of clinical features with other VPS13B mutations. Homozygosity mapping followed by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing strategies were used to identify disease-related mutations. Results We identified two novel homozygous deletion mutations in VPS13B, firstly a 1 bp deletion, NM_017890.4:c.6879delT; p.Phe2293Leufs*24, and secondly a deletion of exons 37-40, which co-segregate with affected status. In addition to COH1-related traits, autistic features were reported in a number of family members, contrasting with the “friendly” demeanour often associated with COH1. The c.6879delT mutation is present in two families from different regions of the country, but both from the Baloch sub-ethnic group, and with a shared haplotype, indicating a founder effect among the Baloch population. Conclusion We suspect that the c.6879delT mutation may be a common cause of COH1 and similar phenotypes among the Baloch population. Additionally, most of the individuals with the c.6879delT mutation in these two families also present with autistic like traits, and suggests that this variant may lead to a distinct autistic-like COH1 subgroup. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0183-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad Rafiq
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Currently at: Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine (PEM), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Claire S Leblond
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Akshita K Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Amirthagowri Ambalavanan
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Falak Sher Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- The Lahore Institute for Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Naseema Shaheen
- University of Education, Township Campus, College Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O. Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amin-ud-Din
- Dept: zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Campus Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sandra Laurent
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Huda Mahmood
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | | | - Nadir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Alanna Fennell
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | | | - Gerald Egger
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
| | - Chantal Caron
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- The Lahore Institute for Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. .,Division of Developmental Disabilities, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
| | - Amelie Johnson
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
| | - Joyce So
- The Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Laurent Mottron
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lan Xiong
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
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Kuru K, Niranjan M, Tunca Y, Osvank E, Azim T. Biomedical visual data analysis to build an intelligent diagnostic decision support system in medical genetics. Artif Intell Med 2014; 62:105-18. [PMID: 25262492 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, medical geneticists aim to pre-diagnose underlying syndromes based on facial features before performing cytological or molecular analyses where a genotype-phenotype interrelation is possible. However, determining correct genotype-phenotype interrelationships among many syndromes is tedious and labor-intensive, especially for extremely rare syndromes. Thus, a computer-aided system for pre-diagnosis can facilitate effective and efficient decision support, particularly when few similar cases are available, or in remote rural districts where diagnostic knowledge of syndromes is not readily available. METHODS The proposed methodology, visual diagnostic decision support system (visual diagnostic DSS), employs machine learning (ML) algorithms and digital image processing techniques in a hybrid approach for automated diagnosis in medical genetics. This approach uses facial features in reference images of disorders to identify visual genotype-phenotype interrelationships. Our statistical method describes facial image data as principal component features and diagnoses syndromes using these features. RESULTS The proposed system was trained using a real dataset of previously published face images of subjects with syndromes, which provided accurate diagnostic information. The method was tested using a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme with 15 different syndromes, each of comprised 5-9 cases, i.e., 92 cases in total. An accuracy rate of 83% was achieved using this automated diagnosis technique, which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity values were 0.857 and 0.870, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that the accurate classification of syndromes is feasible using ML techniques. Thus, a large number of syndromes with characteristic facial anomaly patterns could be diagnosed with similar diagnostic DSSs to that described in the present study, i.e., visual diagnostic DSS, thereby demonstrating the benefits of using hybrid image processing and ML-based computer-aided diagnostics for identifying facial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Kuru
- Department of Communication, Electronics, and Information Systems, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara 06010, Turkey.
| | - Mahesan Niranjan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK
| | - Yusuf Tunca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Erhan Osvank
- Institute of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Balgat, Ankara 06531, Turkey
| | - Tayyaba Azim
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK
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Duplomb L, Duvet S, Picot D, Jego G, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Marle N, Gigot N, Aral B, Carmignac V, Thevenon J, Lopez E, Rivière JB, Klein A, Philippe C, Droin N, Blair E, Girodon F, Donadieu J, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Delva L, Michalski JC, Solary E, Faivre L, Foulquier F, Thauvin-Robinet C. Cohen syndrome is associated with major glycosylation defects. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2391-9. [PMID: 24334764 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. RNA interference against VPS13B confirmed these glycosylation defects. Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duplomb
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement, EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Gueneau L, Duplomb L, Sarda P, Hamel C, Aral B, Chehadeh SE, Gigot N, St-Onge J, Callier P, Thevenon J, Huet F, Carmignac V, Droin N, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Congenital neutropenia with retinopathy, a new phenotype without intellectual deficiency or obesity secondary toVPS13Bmutations. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:522-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gueneau
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Pierre Sarda
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve; CHU Montpellier France
| | - Christian Hamel
- Centre de référence Affections Sensorielles Génétiques; Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; CHU Montpellier France
- Département de génétique et thérapie des cécités rétiniennes; INSERM U583 - Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier; France
| | - Bernard Aral
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Nadège Gigot
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Patrick Callier
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Frédéric Huet
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm UMR 1009; Integrated Research Cancer Institute Villejuif (IRCIV), Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
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Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of congenital neutropenia syndromes. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 13:596-606. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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IMAGAMA SHIRO, TSUJI TAICHI, OHARA TETSUYA, KATAYAMA YOSHITO, GOTO MANABU, ISHIGURO NAOKI, KAWAKAMI NORIAKI. Surgical treatment for kyphoscoliosis in Cohen syndrome. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2013; 75:279-86. [PMID: 24640185 PMCID: PMC4345665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is a very rare disease. Complication by spinal deformity has been reported, but management and surgery for spinal deformity in Cohen syndrome has not been previously described. The objective of this study was to examine the outcome of surgical treatment for kyphoscoliosis of Cohen syndrome with a literature review. The patient was a 14-year-old male with the characteristics of Cohen syndrome: truncal obesity, mental retardation, arachnodactyly, microcephalia, and a facial malformation. Scoliosis was conservatively treated with a brace at 13 years of age, but the spinal deformity rapidly progressed within a year. Plain radiographs before surgery showed scoliosis of 47 degrees (T5-T11) and 79 degrees (T11-L3), and kyphosis of 86 degrees (T7-L1). One-stage anteroposterior corrective fusion of T4-L3 was scheduled after 2-week Halo traction. Postoperative respiratory management was carefully performed because of Cohen syndrome-associated facial malformation, obesity, and reduced muscle tonus. Respiration was managed with intubation until the following day and no respiratory problems occurred. After surgery, thoracolumbar scoliosis was 28 degrees (correction rate: 65%). Kyphosis was markedly improved from 86 degrees to 20 degrees, achieving a favorable balance of the trunk. The outcome is favorable at 6.5 years after surgery. In conclusion, Cohen syndrome is often complicated by spinal deformity, particularly kyphosis, that is likely to progress even in adulthood. In our patient, spinal deformity progressed within a short period, even with brace treatment. Surgery should be required before progression to the severe spinal deformity with careful attention to general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHIRO IMAGAMA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - TAICHI TSUJI
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Spine Center, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - TETSUYA OHARA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Spine Center, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - YOSHITO KATAYAMA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - MANABU GOTO
- Goto Hospital and Spine Center, Toyokawa, Japan
| | - NAOKI ISHIGURO
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - NORIAKI KAWAKAMI
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Spine Center, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Zafeiriou DI, Ververi A, Dafoulis V, Kalyva E, Vargiami E. Autism spectrum disorders: the quest for genetic syndromes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:327-66. [PMID: 23650212 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disabilities with various etiologies, but with a heritability estimate of more than 90%. Although the strong correlation between autism and genetic factors has been long established, the exact genetic background of ASD remains unclear. A number of genetic syndromes manifest ASD at higher than expected frequencies compared to the general population. These syndromes account for more than 10% of all ASD cases and include tuberous sclerosis, fragile X, Down, neurofibromatosis, Angelman, Prader-Willi, Williams, Duchenne, etc. Clinicians are increasingly required to recognize genetic disorders in individuals with ASD, in terms of providing proper care and prognosis to the patient, as well as genetic counseling to the family. Vice versa, it is equally essential to identify ASD in patients with genetic syndromes, in order to ensure correct management and appropriate educational placement. During investigation of genetic syndromes, a number of issues emerge: impact of intellectual disability in ASD diagnoses, identification of autistic subphenotypes and differences from idiopathic autism, validity of assessment tools designed for idiopathic autism, possible mechanisms for the association with ASD, etc. Findings from the study of genetic syndromes are incorporated into the ongoing research on autism etiology and pathogenesis; different syndromes converge upon common biological backgrounds (such as disrupted molecular pathways and brain circuitries), which probably account for their comorbidity with autism. This review paper critically examines the prevalence and characteristics of the main genetic syndromes, as well as the possible mechanisms for their association with ASD.
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Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations and/or large rearrangements in the VPS13B gene. CS clinical features, including developmental delay, the typical facial gestalt, chorioretinal dystrophy (CRD) and neutropenia, are well described. CS diagnosis is generally raised after school age, when visual disturbances lead to CRD diagnosis and to VPS13B gene testing. This relatively late diagnosis precludes accurate genetic counselling. The aim of this study was to analyse the evolution of CS facial features in the early period of life, particularly before school age (6 years), to find clues for an earlier diagnosis. Photographs of 17 patients with molecularly confirmed CS were analysed, from birth to preschool age. By comparing their facial phenotype when growing, we show that there are no special facial characteristics before 1 year. However, between 2 and 6 years, CS children already share common facial features such as a short neck, a square face with micrognathia and full cheeks, a hypotonic facial appearance, epicanthic folds, long ears with an everted upper part of the auricle and/or a prominent lobe, a relatively short philtrum, a small and open mouth with downturned corners, a thick lower lip and abnormal eye shapes. These early transient facial features evolve to typical CS facial features with aging. These observations emphasize the importance of ophthalmological tests and neutrophil count in children in preschool age presenting with developmental delay, hypotonia and the facial features we described here, for an earlier CS diagnosis.
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Kariminejad A, Hennekam RCM. Aphonia, microstomia, deafness, retinal dystrophy, duplicated halluces and intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2756-62. [PMID: 22991300 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a sister and brother born to healthy, double first cousin Iranian parents with a seemingly unique combination of signs and symptoms consisting of intellectual disability, congenital absent voice (aphonia), hearing loss, optic atrophy, retinal dystrophy, mildly broad thumbs, and duplicated halluces. Their facial morphology was unusual: thick eyebrows, ptosis, full eyelashes, long palpebral fissures, downslanting palpebral fissures, small mouth, and low-set, posteriorly rotated ears. This phenotype does not meet the diagnostic criteria of any known entity. Because of parental consanguinity, absence of manifestations in parents, and occurrence in sibs of opposite sex, an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is likely.
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