1
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Tawfik NZ, Abdallah HY, Hassan R, Hosny A, Ghanem DE, Adel A, Atwa MA. PSORS1 Locus Genotyping Profile in Psoriasis: A Pilot Case-Control Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051035. [PMID: 35626191 PMCID: PMC9139320 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The psoriasis susceptibility 1 (PSORS1) locus, located within the major histocompatibility complex, is one of the main genetic determinants for psoriasis, the genotyping profile for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) comprising the PSORS1 locus: rs1062470 within PSORS1C1/CDSN genes, rs887466 within PSORS1C3 gene, rs10484554 within LOC105375015 gene, were investigated and correlated with psoriasis risk and severity. (2) Methods: This pilot case-controlled study involved 100 psoriatic patients and 100 healthy individuals. We investigated three SNPs and assessed the relative gene expression profile for the PSORS1C1 gene. We then correlated the results with both disease risk and severity. (3) Results: The most significantly associated SNP in PSORS1 locus with psoriasis was rs10484554 with its C/T genotype 5.63 times more likely to develop psoriasis under codominant comparison. Furthermore, C/T and T/T genotypes were 5 times more likely to develop psoriasis. The T allele was 3 times more likely to develop psoriasis under allelic comparison. The relative gene expression of PSORS1C1 for psoriatic patients showed to be under-expressed compared to normal controls. (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed the association of the three studied SNPs with psoriasis risk and severity in an Egyptian cohort, indicating that rs10484554 could be the major key player in the PSORS1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Z. Tawfik
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-127-4504926
| | - Hoda Y. Abdallah
- Medical Genetics Unit, Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ranya Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Alaa Hosny
- Ministry of Health, Cairo 11435, Egypt; (A.H.); (D.E.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Dina E. Ghanem
- Ministry of Health, Cairo 11435, Egypt; (A.H.); (D.E.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Aya Adel
- Ministry of Health, Cairo 11435, Egypt; (A.H.); (D.E.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Mona A. Atwa
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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2
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van der Velden JJAJ, van Geel M, Engelhart JJ, Jonkman MF, Steijlen PM. Mutations in the CDSN gene cause peeling skin disease and hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp. J Dermatol 2019; 47:3-7. [PMID: 31663161 PMCID: PMC6973079 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peeling skin disease is a rare genodermatosis characterized by superficial exfoliation or peeling of the skin. Peeling skin disease is caused by biallelic mutations in CDSN as an autosomal recessive trait. Monoallelic mutations in CDSN have also been described in an autosomal dominant inherited genodermatosis: hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp. This disease is characterized by progressive hair loss of the scalp with onset after early childhood. Clinical data were obtained from a patient with lifelong generalized skin peeling and both his parents. The patient's parents did not suffer from skin peeling, but the mother had a history of thin scalp hair since early childhood. Mutation analysis in the patient showed compound heterozygous mutations in exon 2 of CDSN, a nonsense mutation c.598C>T (p.[Gln200*]), previously associated with hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp, and a frame‐shift mutation c.164_167dup (p.[Thr57Profs*6]), previously described in peeling skin disease. The p.(Gln200*) mutation was also found in the mother of the proband. Our study strengthens the previously established link between mutations in CDSN to peeling skin disease and hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap J A J van der Velden
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jans J Engelhart
- Department of Dermatology, Ommelander Ziekenhuis Groep, Delfzijl
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Steijlen
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Ran D, Cai M, Zhang X. Genetics of psoriasis: a basis for precision medicine. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:120-130. [PMID: 35693758 PMCID: PMC9026189 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with a background of polygenic inheritance.
Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of the disease. In the
last two decades, numerous studies have been conducted through linkage analysis,
genome-wide association study (GWAS), and direct sequencing to explore the role of genetic
variation in disease pathogenesis and progression. To date, >80 psoriasis
susceptibility genes have been identified, including HLA-Cw6,
IL12B, IL23R, and LCE3B/3C. Some
genetic markers have been applied in disease prediction, clinical diagnosis, treatment,
and new drug development, which could further explain the pathogenesis of psoriasis and
promote the development of precision medicine. This review summarizes related research on
genetic variation in psoriasis and explores implications of the findings in clinical
application and the promotion of a personalized medicine project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Ran
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Minglong Cai
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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4
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Wiśniewski A, Matusiak Ł, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Nowak I, Kuśnierczyk P. HLA-C*06:02-independent, gender-related association of PSORS1C3 and PSORS1C1/CDSN single-nucleotide polymorphisms with risk and severity of psoriasis. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:957-966. [PMID: 29589160 PMCID: PMC6061044 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is a common, chronic skin disease with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. We investigated, in 461 psoriatic patients and 454 healthy controls, the associations with psoriasis of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the psoriasis susceptibility 1 (PSORS1) interval: rs1062470 (PSORS1C1/CDSN), rs887466 (PSORS1C3), rs2894207 and rs10484554 (LOC105375015). The minor alleles of three SNPs (rs1062470A, rs2894207C and rs10484554T) strongly increased the disease risk (OR = 2.17, p < 0.0001; OR = 2.33, p < 0.0001 and OR = 2.68, p < 0.0001, respectively), whereas the minor A allele of rs887466 exerted a protective effect (OR = 0.73, p = 0.001). The strength of association for SNPs was the highest in patients with very early onset psoriasis (≤ 20 years), while in late onset psoriasis (> 40 years) the association was the weakest. The haplotype rs1062470A/rs887466G/rs2894207C/rs10484554T highly significantly increased the disease risk (OR = 3.58, p = 8.0e-027), while the haplotypes rs1062470G/rs887466A/rs2894207T/rs10484554C and rs1062470G/rs887466G/rs2894207T/rs10484554C were strongly protective (OR = 0.65, p = 0.002 and OR = 0.55, p = 2.4e-009, respectively). Additionally, we showed a HLA-C*06:02-independent gender-related effect of the rs887466A allele which was protective against psoriasis in males (OR = 0.61, p = 9.2e-005), but not in females (p = 0.66). We also demonstrated a correlation of PASI score value with rs1062470 genotype, and again only in male patients (p = 0.006) and HLA-C*06:02-independent. Our results show, for the first time, the male-only associations of the PSORS1C3 gene with psoriasis risk and of the PSORS1C1/CDSN gene with severity of disease. However, the age dependent associations need to be validated in larger sample sizes as well as in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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5
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Shawkatová I, Javor J, Párnická Z, Kozub P, Zilínková M, Frey P, Ferenčík S, Buc M. HLA-C, DRB1 and DQB1 alleles involved in genetic predisposition to psoriasis vulgaris in the Slovak population. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012. [PMID: 23184486 PMCID: PMC3683150 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a complex chronic skin disease with immunological and genetic background. The most important predisposing genetic factors in psoriasis are genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Accumulative evidence has shown that several HLA alleles are closely associated with psoriasis; however, they tend to vary in different racial and ethnic backgrounds. One hundred forty-seven unrelated Slovak patients with psoriasis vulgaris (average age at onset 28 ± 14 years) were genotyped for the HLA-C, DQB1 and DRB1 alleles by the polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers. Allele frequencies observed in the group of psoriatic patients were compared to those obtained in the ethnically matched control group comprising 194 subjects with no history of psoriasis. Susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris in our study group is significantly associated with HLA-C*06 (odds ratio (OR) = 3.85), DRB1*07 (OR = 2.56) and DQB1*02 (OR = 1.09), respectively, whereas DRB*01 (OR = 0.05) is associated negatively. Hereby, we provide the first report on the association of HLA-C, DRB1 and DQB1 alleles with psoriasis in the Slovak population. Our findings confirm HLA-C*06 and DRB1*07 as the most important genetic risk factors for psoriasis. However, the role of HLA genes as causative in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. Identification of genetic factors that increase the risk of psoriasis is a precondition that helps to elucidate the pathogenesis of this troubling disease and identify targets for a more specific and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Shawkatová
- Department of Immunology, Comenius University School of Medicine, Nám. odborárov 14, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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6
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Bergboer JG, Zeeuwen PL, Schalkwijk J. Genetics of Psoriasis: Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Deviation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2320-2331. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Siva Subramaniam N, Morgan E, Bottomley S, Tay S, Gregg K, Lee CY, Wetherall J, Groth D. Predictive mutational bioinformatic analysis of variation in the skin and wool associated corneodesmosin (CDSN) gene in sheep. Anim Sci J 2012; 83:386-93. [PMID: 22574790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corneodesmosin (CDSN) is an important component of the desmosome in the epidermal cornified stratum and inner root sheath of hair follicles. DNA from a sheep BAC clone previously identified by us to contain CDSN was PCR amplified using cattle-derived primers and the product sequenced. A region of 4579 bp containing CDSN was shown to contain two exons separated by one intron and spanning 3683 bp. The DNA encodes a predicted protein of 546 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis shows that sheep CDSN falls within a clade containing cattle and other ruminant-like species. Comparison of sequences generated from 12 unrelated merino sheep and the International Sheep Genome Consortium (ISGC) data identified 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 4579 bp region of which 16 are contained within coding sequences (1 in 80 bp). The SNPs identified in this study will add to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) SNP panel, which will allow extensive haplotyping of the sheep MHC in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitthiya Siva Subramaniam
- Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute (WABRI) & Centre for Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth School of Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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8
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Capon F, Burden AD, Trembath RC, Barker JN. Psoriasis and other complex trait dermatoses: from Loci to functional pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:915-22. [PMID: 22158561 PMCID: PMC3378482 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Driven by advances in molecular genetic technologies and statistical analysis methodologies, there have been huge strides taken in dissecting the complex genetic basis of many inflammatory dermatoses. One example is psoriasis, for which application of classical linkage analysis and genome-wide association investigation has identified genetic loci of major and minor effect. Although most loci independently have modest genetic effects, they identify important biological pathways potentially relevant to disease pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. In the case of psoriasis, these appear to involve the epidermal barrier, NF-κB mechanisms, and T helper type 17 adaptive immune responses. The advent of next-generation sequencing methods will permit a more detailed and complete map of disease genetic architecture, a key step in developing personalized medicine strategies in the clinical management of the complex inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Protease sensitivity of corneodesmosin variants encoded by the six more common CDSN haplotypes. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1381-4. [PMID: 21307873 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Leclerc EA, Huchenq A, Mattiuzzo NR, Metzger D, Chambon P, Ghyselinck NB, Serre G, Jonca N, Guerrin M. Corneodesmosin gene ablation induces lethal skin-barrier disruption and hair-follicle degeneration related to desmosome dysfunction. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2699-709. [PMID: 19596793 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneodesmosin (CDSN) is specific to desmosomes of epithelia undergoing cornification, mainly the epidermis and the inner root sheath of the hair follicles. CDSN nonsense mutations are associated with hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp, a rare disease that leads to complete baldness in young adults. CDSN displays adhesive properties, mostly attributable to its N-terminal glycine-rich domain, and is sequentially proteolyzed as corneocytes migrate towards the skin surface. K14-promoter driven Cre-mediated deletion of Cdsn in mice resulted in neonatal death as a result of epidermal tearing upon minor mechanical stress. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a desmosomal break at the interface between the living and cornified layers. After grafting onto nude mice, knockout skin showed a chronic defect in the epidermal permeability barrier. The epidermis was first hyperproliferative with a thick cornified layer, then, both the epidermis and the hair follicles degenerated. In adults, Cdsn deletion resulted in similar histological abnormalities and in a lethal barrier defect. We demonstrate that Cdsn is not essential for skin-barrier formation in utero, but is vital throughout life to preserve this barrier by maintaining desmosome integrity. The strong adhesive function that the protein confers on corneodesmosomes also seems necessary for maintaining the architecture of the hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Leclerc
- UMR 5165 ;Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde' (UDEAR), CNRS - Université Toulouse III, IFR150, INSERM, CHU PURPAN, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, F-31059 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
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11
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Simon M, Tazi-Ahnini R, Jonca N, Caubet C, Cork M, Serre G. Alterations in the desquamation-related proteolytic cleavage of corneodesmosin and other corneodesmosomal proteins in psoriatic lesional epidermis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:77-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Galimova ES, Akhmetova VL, Khusnutdinova EK. Molecular genetic basis of susceptibility to psoriasis. RUSS J GENET+ 2008; 44:594-605. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Chang YT, Chou CT, Shiao YM, Lin MW, Yu CW, Chen CC, Huang CH, Lee DD, Liu HN, Wang WJ, Tsai SF. Psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese individuals is associated withPSORS1C3andCDSNgenes. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:663-9. [PMID: 16965413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the HLA-Cw*0602 allele, the psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 3 (PSORS1C3) and corneodesmosin (CDSN) genes are two probable psoriasis susceptibility genes in the PSORS1 locus. The -79C, -26C and +246A alleles of the PSORS1C3 gene, the CDSN*971T allele, CDSN*TTC (619T-1236T-1243C) and CDSN*5 (619T-1240G-1243C) are strongly associated with psoriasis in the caucasian population. Until now, no haplotype study of the PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes has been documented in Chinese patients with psoriasis vulgaris. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether genetic polymorphisms of the PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese patients in Taiwan. METHODS We investigated the PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes for disease association by direct sequencing in 178 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 203 control subjects. Genotyping for HLA-Cw*0602, alpha-helix coiled-coil rod homologue (HCR) gene and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) n.9 was also carried out using a sequence-based typing method. RESULTS The PSORS1C3*582A allele, an SNP in the 3'-untranslated region of the PSORS1C3 gene, was a major psoriasis vulgaris susceptibility allele in the Chinese population, and the association was much stronger in patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris (22.3% vs. 6.9%, odds ratio = 3.87, P(c) =0.0000072). The frequencies of CDSN*TTC and CDSN*971T were also significantly increased in patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris. Moreover, PSORS1C3*582A, SNP n.9*C, Cw*0602 and HCR*WWCC were in near complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other; in contrast, the LD with the CDSN gene was not so strong. SNP n.9*C-Cw*0602-PSORS1C3*582A-HCR*WWCC was a major susceptibility haplotype in patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris (P < 10(-7)) and this risk haplotype also carried CDSN*TTC and CDSN*971T. CONCLUSIONS The PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes are important psoriasis susceptibility genes in Chinese patients with psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Nair RP, Stuart PE, Nistor I, Hiremagalore R, Chia NVC, Jenisch S, Weichenthal M, Abecasis GR, Lim HW, Christophers E, Voorhees JJ, Elder JT. Sequence and haplotype analysis supports HLA-C as the psoriasis susceptibility 1 gene. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:827-851. [PMID: 16642438 PMCID: PMC1474031 DOI: 10.1086/503821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have narrowed the interval containing PSORS1, the psoriasis-susceptibility locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), to an approximately 300-kb region containing HLA-C and at least 10 other genes. In an effort to identify the PSORS1 gene, we cloned and completely sequenced this region from both chromosomes of five individuals. Two of the sequenced haplotypes were associated with psoriasis (risk), and the other eight were clearly unassociated (nonrisk). Comparison of sequence of the two risk haplotypes identified a 298-kb region of homology, extending from just telomeric of HLA-B to the HCG22 gene, which was flanked by clearly nonhomologous regions. Similar haplotypes cloned from unrelated individuals had nearly identical sequence. Combinatorial analysis of exonic variations in the known genes of the candidate interval revealed that HCG27, PSORS1C3, OTF3, TCF19, HCR, STG, and HCG22 bore no alleles unique to risk haplotypes among the 10 sequenced haplotypes. SPR1 and SEEK1 both had messenger RNA alleles specific to risk haplotypes, but only HLA-C and CDSN yielded protein alleles unique to risk. The risk alleles of HLA-C and CDSN (HLA-Cw6 and CDSN*TTC) were genotyped in 678 families with early-onset psoriasis; 620 of these families were also typed for 34 microsatellite markers spanning the PSORS1 interval. Recombinant haplotypes retaining HLA-Cw6 but lacking CDSN*TTC were significantly associated with psoriasis, whereas recombinants retaining CDSN*TTC but lacking HLA-Cw6 were not associated, despite good statistical power. By grouping recombinants with similar breakpoints, the most telomeric quarter of the 298-kb candidate interval could be excluded with high confidence. These results strongly suggest that HLA-Cw6 is the PSORS1 risk allele that confers susceptibility to early-onset psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Ioana Nistor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Ravi Hiremagalore
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Nicholas V C Chia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Stefan Jenisch
- Department of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit
| | | | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Radiation Oncology (Cancer Biology), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Department of Dermatology, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor.
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15
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Martínez-Borra J, Brautbar C, González S, Enk CD, López-Vázquez A, López-Larrea C. The Region of 150 kb Telometic to HLA-C Is Associated with Psoriasis in the Jewish Population. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125:928-32. [PMID: 16297191 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The HLA-Cw*0602 has been associated with psoriasis in different ethnic groups. But, it remains unclear whether HLA-C is the PSORS1 gene (the psoriasis gene in the MHC). Thus, several case-control studies have been performed in order to investigate whether HLA-C itself determines the susceptibility to the disease. We studied 59 Jewish patients with type I psoriasis and 79 matched controls. Polymorphic genes and markers from HLA-B (centromeric to HLA-C) to the corneodesmosin (CDSN) gene (telomeric to HLA-C) were genotyped in order to determine their contribution to the susceptibility to psoriasis. Neither HLA-Cw*0602 nor the allele CDSN*TTC were significantly associated with psoriasis with the size of the sample studied. The genes and markers telomeric to HLA-C such as the microsatellite C1_4_4 (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4-4.7, p(c) = 0.018) the octamer transcription factor (OTF)-3 gene (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.6-4.3, p(c) = 0.0001) and the alpha-helix coiled-coil rod homologue (HCR) gene (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3-4.5, p(c) = 0.004), however, were associated with the disease. These results suggest that a major psoriasis susceptibility gene is likely to be located within a region of 150 kb telomeric to HLA-C and centromeric to the CDSN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Borra
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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16
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Helms C, Saccone NL, Cao L, Daw JAW, Cao K, Hsu TM, Taillon-Miller P, Duan S, Gordon D, Pierce B, Ott J, Rice J, Fernandez-Vina MA, Kwok PY, Menter A, Bowcock AM. Localization of PSORS1 to a haplotype block harboring HLA-C and distinct from corneodesmosin and HCR. Hum Genet 2005; 118:466-76. [PMID: 16235096 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disease of the skin affecting 1-2% of the Caucasian population. Associations with alleles from the HLA class I region (now known as PSORS1), particularly HLA-Cw*0602, were described over 20 years ago. However, extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) within this region has made it difficult to identify the true susceptibility allele from this region. A variety of genes and regions from a 238-kb interval extending from HLA-B to corneodesmosin (CDSN) have been proposed to harbor PSORS1. In order to identify the minimum block of LD in the MHC class I region associated with psoriasis we performed a comprehensive case/control and family-based association study on 242 Northern European psoriasis families and two separate European control populations. High resolution HLA typing of HLA-A, -B and -C alleles was performed, in addition to the genotyping of 18 polymorphic microsatellites and 36 SNPs from a 772-kb segment of the HLA class I region harboring the previously described interval. This corresponded on average to one SNP every 7 kb in the candidate 238 kb region. With all tests, the association was the strongest with single markers and haplotypes from a block of LD harboring HLA-C and SNP n.9. Logistic regression analyses indicated that association seen with candidate genes from the interval such as CDSN and HCR was entirely dependent on association with HLA-Cw*0602 and SNP n.9-G alleles. The previously reported association with CDSN and HCR was observed to be due to the existence of the associated alleles lying on the most commonly over-transmitted haplotype. Rare over-transmitted haplotypes also harbored HLA-Cw*12 alleles. HLA-Cw*12 family members are closely related to HLA Cw*0602, sharing identical sequences in their alpha-2 domains, peptide-binding pockets A, D and E and all 3' introns. The introduction of a potential binding site for the RUNX/AML family of transcription factors in intron 7, is also specific to these HLA-C alleles. These variants need to be investigated further for their role as PSORS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Helms
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8232, 4566 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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17
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Ameen M, Allen MH, Fisher SA, Lewis CM, Cuthbert A, Kondeatis E, Vaughan RW, Murakami H, Nakagawa H, Barker JNWN. Corneodesmosin (CDSN) gene association with psoriasis vulgaris in Caucasian but not in Japanese populations. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:414-8. [PMID: 15953084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PSORS1 on chromosome 6p21.3, which contains the MHC, is a major susceptibility locus for psoriasis vulgaris. This region is characterized by strong linkage disequilibrium and contains the corneodesmosin (CSDN) gene, an attractive candidate for psoriasis susceptibility based on its putative biological function in keratinocyte adhesion, and HLA-Cw6, an established marker for psoriasis susceptibility. We compared two genetically independent populations in order to define the major psoriasis susceptibility gene, a British Caucasian population comprising parent-offspring trios analysed by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and a Japanese case-control population. All individuals were investigated for CDSN polymorphism (+619, +1236, +1240 and +1243) and HLA-C association. Our data confirms strong association with HLA-Cw6 and CDSN allele 5 (+619T, +1240G, +1243C) in the Caucasian cohort (TDT, P = 5.4 x 10(-6)) and in addition defines this region further by identifying a high-risk CDSN haplotype (allele 5 and +1236T, P = 8.5 x 10(-8)). In contrast no association was observed in the Japanese cohort for any HLA-C or CDSN alleles. This data supports a role for the CDSN gene in Caucasian populations with psoriasis. However the lack of association with HLA-Cw6 and CDSN alleles in Japanese psoriasis patients may be because Japanese patients exhibit a form of psoriasis similar to late onset or Type II psoriasis vulgaris in contrast to early onset or Type I disease characterizing our Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ameen
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Kings College, London, UK
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18
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Elder JT. Fine mapping of the psoriasis susceptibility gene PSORS1: a reassessment of risk associated with a putative risk haplotype lacking HLA-Cw6. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:921-30. [PMID: 15854032 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw6 has long been associated with psoriasis, and PSORS1 (psoriasis susceptibility 1), a major gene for psoriasis susceptibility, has been mapped to its vicinity. A previous analysis identified multiple risk haplotypes carrying HLA-Cw6 and one haplotype (cluster 17, HLA-Cw8-B65) that appeared to carry risk for psoriasis but did not carry HLA-Cw6. This haplotype was very similar to other risk haplotypes for at least 60 kb telomeric to HLA-C, suggesting identity by descent with the remaining risk chromosomes. The association, however, between psoriasis and this haplotype as assessed by the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) was of borderline significance (p-value 0.048). In order to better assess the risk associated with cluster 17, a multicenter collaboration typed additional subjects for a single marker (M6S161) for which one allele (249 bp) was found only on cluster 17. The new sample included 1275 pedigrees as well as 300 cases and 913 controls. Transmission of this allele to affected individuals was examined using the TDT and the pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT), and case-control samples were analyzed by a trend test across genotype categories. By all methods, the newly acquired genotypes failed to confirm the association originally reported, despite adequate power. In contrast, the 248 bp allele, which is found on all HLA-Cw6-positive risk haplotypes as well as several non-risk haplotypes, shows significant excess transmission for all cohorts. Taken together, these results indicate that cluster 17 does not carry a psoriasis-susceptibility allele, and expand the PSORS1 risk interval to approximately 300 kb.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Elder
- 3312 CCGC, Box 0932, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0932, USA.
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19
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Giardina E, Capon F, De Rosa MC, Mango R, Zambruno G, Orecchia A, Chimenti S, Giardina B, Novelli G. Characterization of the loricrin (LOR) gene as a positional candidate for the PSORS4 psoriasis susceptibility locus. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 68:639-45. [PMID: 15598222 DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Non-parametric linkage analyses have mapped many susceptibility loci on different chromosomes. We mapped one of these loci, PSORS4, on human chromosome 1q21. Using the linkage disequilibrium approach, we refined the critical region to a specific genomic interval of about 100 Kb which contains only the loricrin (LOR) gene. Here we report a genetic and functional study of this gene to verify its involvement in psoriasis pathogenesis. We document low expression of LOR in psoriatic skin of patients selected from families in which the disease was segregating with the PSORS4 locus. Re-sequencing of the entire gene in a subset of patients revealed the existence of novel polymorphisms able to influence the protein structure, as shown by molecular modelling studies. However, no evidence for genetic association was detected in a large cohort of Italian nuclear families. This rules out the LOR gene as a candidate for the PSORS4 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giardina
- Centre of Excellence for Genomic Risk Assessment in Multifactorial and Complex Diseases, School of Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome
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20
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Lench N, Iles MM, Mackay I, Patel R, Sagoo GS, Ward SJ, Dechairo B, Olavesen M, Carey A, Duff GW, Cork MJ, Tazi-Ahnini R. Single-point haplotype scores telomeric to human leukocyte antigen-C give a high susceptibility major histocompatibility complex haplotype for psoriasis in a Caucasian population. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:545-52. [PMID: 15737195 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 0.1%-5% depending on the population. PSORS1 is the major susceptibility locus, accounting for approximately 33%-50% of the genetic component of psoriasis among Caucasians. PSORS1 is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus on 6p21.3. Its position has been refined to hundreds of kilobase and the region located at approximately 100-200 kb telomeric to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C is a very strong candidate. To determine the MHC psoriasis risk haplotype, we screened the whole 46 kb interval for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and identified 138 SNP. We genotyped 29 SNP throughout this region in psoriatic nuclear families. We calculated the frequency of haplotypes generated by the 29 SNP using all genotyped founder individuals and found four common haplotype with frequency >0.10. We then used SNPtagger to derive the best six SNP and fed these into Transmit using 148 nuclear families. We found that CTGGAC haplotype is a single-point score haplotypes telomeric to HLA-C and gives a 1 df, chi2 of 50.27 (p<0.0001). Most importantly the six selected SNP accurately tagged the most common haplotype found in this region. Moreover, using the same program (Transmit) we show that the association with CTGGAC is higher than the one with HLA-Cw6 (chi2=10.53; p=0.0051). Our results give scores as high as the highest single-point scores suggesting that it is unlikely to be able to discriminate the origin of the association on this analysis on strength of association.
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21
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Butt C, Rahman P, Siannis F, Farewell VT, Gladman DD. Corneodesmosin polymorphisms in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:684-5. [PMID: 15716318 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Orrù S, Giuressi E, Carcassi C, Casula M, Contu L. Mapping of the major psoriasis-susceptibility locus (PSORS1) in a 70-Kb interval around the corneodesmosin gene (CDSN). Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:164-71. [PMID: 15529278 PMCID: PMC1196420 DOI: 10.1086/426948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous putative susceptibility loci have been described for psoriasis. Among the loci confirmed in the literature, PSORS1 (the major histocompatibility complex at 6p21.3) has the strongest effect. Recent studies have highlighted a 200-kb candidate region. However, this region has not been well delimited, mainly because of the strong linkage equilibrium among the associated alleles. To finely map PSORS1, we set up a study using 17 polymorphic markers in a 525-kb interval around the human leucocyte antigen C locus (HLA-C). The results uncovered five loci with alleles strongly associated with psoriasis (Sidak-corrected P [P(c)] values from 1.8 x 10(-7) to .003), all structured in a psoriasis-susceptibility haplotype (PSH). Subsequent analysis of extended haplotypes showed that the PSH was not only present on the traditional psoriasis-susceptibility extended haplotypes (HLA-Cw6-B57, HLA-Cw6-B37, and HLA-Cw6-B13) but also on a haplotype of Sardinian origin (HLA-Cw7-B58) found to be associated with psoriasis (Pc=.0009) because of an ancestral recombination with one of the susceptibility haplotypes carrying the HLA-Cw6 allele. Comparisons of the regions identical by descent among associated and nonassociated haplotypes highlighted a minimum region of 70 kb not recombinant with PSORS1, around the corneodesmosin (CDSN) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Orrù
- Genetica Medica-Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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23
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disorder whose pathogenesis is likely to require the contribution of several genes and environmental triggers. Despite the difficulties posed by the study of multifactorial conditions, significant progress has been achieved in relation to the molecular genetic basis of psoriasis. It has long been recognized that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21 harbors the main determinant conferring psoriasis susceptibility. The identification of non-MHC susceptibility regions across the genome has been hindered by the likely occurrence of genetic heterogeneity. Nonetheless, evidence for the assignment of a number of non-MHC loci has been achieved through studies, including the collaborative analysis of large patient cohorts, and also through the observation of overlap between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis susceptibility regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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24
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Capon F, Allen MH, Ameen M, Burden AD, Tillman D, Barker JN, Trembath RC. A synonymous SNP of the corneodesmosin gene leads to increased mRNA stability and demonstrates association with psoriasis across diverse ethnic groups. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13:2361-8. [PMID: 15333584 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder with multifactorial aetiology. Genome-wide scans have provided unambiguous evidence for a major disease susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p21 (PSORS1). A minimal PSORS1 interval has been defined which encompasses three genes (HLA-C, HCR and CDSN) carrying psoriasis-associated SNPs. On the basis of this genetic evidence, we have undertaken an assessment of CDSN allele functional impact. A comparison of CDSN intragenic haplotypes showed that SNPs exclusive to disease-associated chromosomes are located in regions implicated in the stabilization of RNA transcripts. As CDSN is over-expressed in psoriatic lesions, we hypothesised that disease-associated intragenic SNPs may alter the rate of its mRNA decay. Here, we demonstrate that mRNAs transcribed from a CDSN risk haplotype present a 2-fold increase in stability, compared with those transcribed from a neutral haplotype (t-test P=0.004). Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that a single synonymous SNP (CDSN*971T) accounts for the observed increase in RNA stability. CDSN*971T maps to a RNA stability motif and UV cross-linking analysis demonstrated that the SNP affects the transcript affinity for a 39 kDa RNA binding protein. Association analyses show that haplotypes bearing CDSN*971T confer psoriasis susceptibility in a wide range of ethnic groups. These results demonstrate the effect of synonymous variation upon allele specific gene expression, a finding of relevance to future studies of the pathogenesis of common and complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capon
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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25
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Contu L, Orrù S, Carcassi C, Giuressi E, Mulargia M, Cappai L, Valentini D, Lai S, Boero R, Masala MV, Aste N, Biggio P, Cottoni F, Cerimele D. A psoriasis vulgaris protective gene maps close to the HLA-C locus on the EH18.2-extended haplotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 64:43-57. [PMID: 15191522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We determined the molecular haplotypes of the HLA-A, HLA-C and HLA-B loci and the MHC class I-B-related (MIB) microsatellite in 179 unrelated psoriatic patients (72 familial cases) and in 120 controls. The HLA-A*3002-Cw*0501-B*1801-MIB1 haplotype showed a strong negative association with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and in particular with familial PV, revealing the presence of a PV-protective gene. Analysis of association and linkage disequilibrium of the single alleles and the various two-three-four-locus segments of this haplotype indicated the presence of a protective gene telomeric to the HLA-C locus. This finding was confirmed in 13 informative multiplex PV families, in which at least one parent carried the EH18.2 haplotype. In two families, an affected sibling presented HLA-A/C recombination on the EH18.2 haplotype. A study of 12 polymorphic microsatellites in all members of the informative families, 145 PV patients, 120 controls and 32 EH18.2 homozygous healthy individuals demonstrated that the protection conferred by the EH18.2 haplotype lies within a 170 kb interval between the C143 and C244 loci, most probably in a 60 kb segment between the C132 and C244 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Contu
- Centro Regionale Trapianti, P O R Binaghi, ASL n. 8, Cagliari, Italy.
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26
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Sagoo GS, Tazi-Ahnini R, Barker JWN, Elder JT, Nair RP, Samuelsson L, Traupe H, Trembath RC, Robinson DA, Iles MM. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Studies of Psoriasis Susceptibility Reveals Linkage to Chromosomes 6p21 and 4q28–q31 in Caucasian and Chinese Hans Population. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:1401-5. [PMID: 15175030 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ten genome-wide scans have been conducted over the past few years in the search for psoriasis susceptibility genes, but only one potential susceptibility region has been consistently replicated. A meta-analysis using the genome-search meta-analysis method was undertaken combining the results of six of these psoriasis genome-wide studies. The results of this analysis revealed linkage to the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21 that includes the PSORS1 locus. In addition, linkage was also recorded to a region on chromosome 4q28-q31 previously identified only in a Chinese Hans population. Both these regions were statistically significant even after correction for multiple testing. A possible reason for the erratic replication of findings could be the large effect of the PSORS1 locus (6p21) masking the effect of other loci involved in psoriasis. To overcome this problem, we suggest that future studies condition on the effect of the PSORS1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep S Sagoo
- Biomedical Genetics Project, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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27
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Caubet C, Jonca N, Lopez F, Estève JP, Simon M, Serre G. Homo-oligomerization of human corneodesmosin is mediated by its N-terminal glycine loop domain. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:747-54. [PMID: 15086562 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corneodesmosin (CDSN), a glycoprotein expressed during the late stages of epidermal differentiation, localizes in the extracellular core of upper desmosomes and of corneodesmosomes. Since it displays homophilic adhesive properties, CDSN is thought to reinforce cell-cell cohesion within the upper layers of the epidermis. CDSN presents two serine- and glycine-rich domains in its N- and C-terminus that may fold into highly flexible and adhesive secondary structures called glycine loops. We analyzed the importance of these domains in CDSN homophilic adhesion by producing full-length and truncated recombinant forms of the protein deleted of the N- and/or the C-terminal domain. The adhesive properties of the various proteins were then tested in vitro by overlay binding assays and surface plasmon resonance quantitative analysis. Experiments evidenced the homophilic adhesive properties of the N-terminal glycine loop domain, confirming its involvement in CDSN-CDSN interactions. They further indicated that most of the C-terminal domain is not necessary for the adhesive properties of the protein. The dissociation constant (K(D)) was calculated to be 1.3x10(-5) M. This interaction strength might allow dynamic regulation of the CDSN-CDSN association to occur in vivo. Moreover, molecular filtration analyses demonstrated for the first time that non-glycosylated CDSN is able to spontaneously form large homo-oligomers in vitro and that the N-terminal glycine loop domain is necessary for the formation of these macromolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Caubet
- UMR 5165 Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity CNRS, University of Toulouse III, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Claude de Préval, IFR30 (INSERM-CNRS Université Paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), Toulouse, France
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28
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Gallinaro H, Jonca N, Langbein L, Vincent C, Simon M, Serre G, Guerrin M. A 4.2 kb Upstream Region of the Human Corneodesmosin Gene Directs Site-Specific Expression in Hair Follicles and Hyperkeratotic Epidermis of Transgenic Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:730-8. [PMID: 15086560 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corneodesmosin (CDSN) is a desmosomal protein expressed in the epidermis during the late stages of differentiation and in the inner root sheath of hair follicles. The homophilic adhesive properties of the protein suggest that it reinforces keratinocyte cohesion in the upper layers of the epidermis (stratum granulosum and stratum corneum). In this study, we analyzed the expression of the CDSN gene in 16 human tissues. We confirmed the closely restricted expression pattern of CSDN. Indeed, apart from the skin, the mRNA was significantly detected only in the placenta and the thymus. As a step in elucidating the mechanisms of tissue-specific expression, transgenic mice bearing a 4.2 kb fragment of the human CSDN gene promoter linked to the LacZ gene were generated. The reporter-gene expression was detected in special areas of the inner root sheath of the hair follicles and the hair medulla but not in the epidermis. Induction of epidermis hyperproliferation however either by pharmacological agents or by wounding led to strong expression of the reporter gene in the keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum and the parakeratotic corneocytes of the stratum corneum. The data suggest that the genomic sequences and/or regulating factors responsible for the cell-specific expression of the human CDSN gene in the normal hair follicle as well as in the hyperproliferative epidermis are different from those necessary for expression in the normal epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gallinaro
- UMR 5165 CNRS-UPS Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Purpan School of Medicine, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
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