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Emmi A, Campagnolo M, Stocco E, Carecchio M, Macchi V, Antonini A, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Neurotransmitter and receptor systems in the subthalamic nucleus. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1595-1617. [PMID: 37479801 PMCID: PMC10471682 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a lens-shaped subcortical structure located ventrally to the thalamus, that despite being embryologically derived from the diencephalon, is functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Because of this strict structural and functional relationship with the circuits of the basal ganglia, the STh is a current target for deep brain stimulation, a neurosurgical procedure employed to alleviate symptoms in movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. However, despite the great relevance of this structure for both basal ganglia physiology and pathology, the neurochemical and molecular anatomy of the STh remains largely unknown. Few studies have specifically addressed the detection of neurotransmitter systems and their receptors within the structure, and even fewer have investigated their topographical distribution. Here, we have reviewed the scientific literature on neurotransmitters relevant in the STh function of rodents, non-human primates and humans including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline with particular focus on their subcellular, cellular and topographical distribution. Inter-species differences were highlighted to provide a framework for further research priorities, particularly in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Emmi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Miryam Carecchio
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Matar E, Bhatia K. Dystonia and Parkinson's disease: Do they have a shared biology? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:347-411. [PMID: 37482398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism and dystonia co-occur across many movement disorders and are most encountered in the setting of Parkinson's disease. Here we aim to explore the shared neurobiological underpinnings of dystonia and parkinsonism through the clinical lens of the conditions in which these movement disorders can be seen together. Foregrounding the discussion, we briefly review the circuits of the motor system and the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological aspects of motor control and highlight their relevance to the proposed pathophysiology of parkinsonism and dystonia. Insight into shared biology is then sought from dystonia occurring in PD and other forms of parkinsonism including those disorders in which both can be co-expressed simultaneously. We organize these within a biological schema along with important questions to be addressed in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Matar
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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Pathomechanisms of cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:481-493. [PMID: 36862189 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early postural instability and falls, oculomotor dysfunction (vertical supranuclear gaze palsy), parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa, pseudobulbar palsy, and cognitive impairment. This four-repeat tauopathy is morphologically featured by accumulation of tau protein in neurons and glia causing neuronal loss and gliosis in the extrapyramidal system associated with cortical atrophy and white matter lesions. Cognitive impairment being frequent in PSP and more severe than in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson disease, is dominated by executive dysfunction, with milder difficulties in memory, and visuo-spatial and naming dysfunctions. Showing longitudinal decline, it has been related to a variety of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the underlying neurodegenerative process, such as involvement of cholinergic and muscarinergic dysfunctions, and striking tau pathology in frontal and temporal cortical regions associated with reduced synaptic density. Altered striatofrontal, fronto-cerebellar, parahippocampal, and multiple subcortical structures, as well as widespread white matter lesions causing extensive connectivity disruptions in cortico-subcortical and cortico-brainstem connections, support the concept that PSP is a brain network disruption disorder. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in PSP, as in other degenerative movement disorders, are complex and deserve further elucidation as a basis for adequate treatment to improve the quality of life of patients with this fatal disease.
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Rogozinski S, Klietz M, Respondek G, Oertel WH, Grothe MJ, Pereira JB, Höglinger GU. Reduction in Volume of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Is Specific to Parkinson’s Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy but Not to Multiple System Atrophy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:851788. [PMID: 35431891 PMCID: PMC9012106 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.851788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study in vivo gray matter (GM) volumes of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) in different parkinsonian syndromes and assess their relationship with clinical variables. Methods T1-weighted magnetic resonance images from patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, N = 43), multiple system atrophy (MSA, N = 23), Parkinson’s disease (PD, N = 26), and healthy controls (HC, N = 29) were included. T1-weighted images were analyzed using a voxel-based morphometry approach implemented in the VBM8 toolbox, and nbM volumes were extracted from the spatially normalized GM images using a cyto-architectonically-defined nbM mask in stereotactic standard space. NbM volumes were compared between groups, while controlling for intracranial volume. Further, within each group correlation analyses between nbM volumes and the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Hoehn and Yahr stage, PSP Rating Scale, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III and Frontal Assessment Battery scores were performed. Results Significantly lower nbM volumes in patients with PSP and PD compared to HC or patients with MSA were found. No significant correlations between MMSE and nbM volumes were detected in any of the subgroups. No significant correlations were found between clinical scores and nbM volumes in PSP or other groups. Conclusion nbM volumes were reduced both in PD and PSP but not in MSA. The lack of significant correlations between nbM and cognitive measures suggests that other factors, such as frontal atrophy, may play a more important role than subcortical cholinergic atrophy in PSP patients. These results may indicate that other drug-targets are needed to improve cognitive function in PSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rogozinski
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sophia Rogozinski,
| | - Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michel J. Grothe
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Joana B. Pereira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Günter U. Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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Murley AG, Rowe JB. Neurotransmitter deficits from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain 2018; 141:1263-1285. [PMID: 29373632 PMCID: PMC5917782 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration causes a spectrum of complex degenerative disorders including frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, each of which is associated with changes in the principal neurotransmitter systems. We review the evidence for these neurochemical changes and propose that they contribute to symptomatology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, over and above neuronal loss and atrophy. Despite the development of disease-modifying therapies, aiming to slow neuropathological progression, it remains important to advance symptomatic treatments to reduce the disease burden and improve patients' and carers' quality of life. We propose that targeting the selective deficiencies in neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid is an important strategy towards this goal. We summarize the current evidence-base for pharmacological treatments and suggest strategies to improve the development of new, effective pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Murley
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Sir William Hardy Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Chiu WZ, Donker Kaat L, Boon AJW, Kamphorst W, Schleicher A, Zilles K, van Swieten JC, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multireceptor fingerprints in progressive supranuclear palsy. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:28. [PMID: 28412965 PMCID: PMC5393015 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with a frontal presentation, characterized by cognitive deficits and behavioral changes, has been recognized as an early clinical picture, distinct from the classical so-called Richardson and parkinsonism presentations. The midcingulate cortex is associated with executive and attention tasks and has consistently been found to be impaired in imaging studies of patients with PSP. The aim of the present study was to determine alterations in neurotransmission underlying the pathophysiology of PSP, as well as their significance for clinically identifiable PSP subgroups. Methods In vitro receptor autoradiography was used to quantify densities of 20 different receptors in the caudate nucleus and midcingulate area 24' of patients with PSP (n = 16) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 14). Results Densities of γ-aminobutyric acid type B, peripheral benzodiazepine, serotonin receptor type 2, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors were significantly higher in area 24′ of patients with PSP, where tau impairment was stronger than in the caudate nucleus. Kainate and nicotinic cholinergic receptor densities were significantly lower, and adenosine receptor type 1 (A1) receptors significantly higher, in the caudate nucleus of patients with PSP. Receptor fingerprints also segregated PSP subgroups when clinical parameters such as occurrence of frontal presentation and tau pathology severity were taken into consideration. Conclusions We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that kainate and A1 receptors are altered in PSP and that clinically identifiable PSP subgroups differ at the neurochemical level. Numerous receptors were altered in the midcingulate cortex, further suggesting that it may prove to be a key region in PSP. Finally, we add to the evidence that nondopaminergic systems play a role in the pathophysiology of PSP, thus highlighting potential novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnita J W Boon
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kamphorst
- Department of Neuropathology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Guerram M, Zhang LY, Jiang ZZ. G-protein coupled receptors as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:1-14. [PMID: 27620813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are frequent in elderly populations and comprise primarily of dementia (mainly Alzheimer's disease) Parkinson's disease and stroke. These neurological disorders (NDs) occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes and represent one of the most frequent causes of death and disability worldwide with a significant clinical and socio-economic impact. Although NDs have been characterized for many years, the exact molecular mechanisms that govern these pathologies or why they target specific individuals and specific neuronal populations remain unclear. As research progresses, many similarities appear which relate these diseases to one another on a subcellular level. Discovering these similarities offers hope for therapeutic advances that could ameliorate the conditions of many diseases simultaneously. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most abundant receptor type in the central nervous system and are linked to complex downstream pathways, manipulation of which may have therapeutic application in many NDs. This review will highlight the potential use of neurotransmitter GPCRs as emerging therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Guerram
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Larbi Ben M'hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Scarr E. Muscarinic receptors: their roles in disorders of the central nervous system and potential as therapeutic targets. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 18:369-79. [PMID: 22070219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetically, acetylcholine is an ancient neurochemical. Therefore, it is not surprising that cholinergic neurons project extensively throughout the central nervous system, innervating a wide range of structures within the brain. In fact, acetylcholine is involved in processes that underpin some of our most basic central functions. Both muscarinic and nicotinic receptor families, which mediate cholinergic transmission, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The question that remains to be definitively answered is whether or not these receptors are viable targets for the development of future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Scarr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Warren NM, Piggott MA, Lees AJ, Perry EK, Burn DJ. Intact coupling of M1 receptors and preserved M2 and M4 receptors in the cortex in progressive supranuclear palsy: Contrast with other dementias. J Chem Neuroanat 2008; 35:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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