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Davies TC. The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 4:236. [PMID: 35909942 PMCID: PMC9326422 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The term diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA) or idiopathic diseases is used to describe diseases that are of uncertain or unknown cause or origin. Among plausible geoenvironmental co-factors in causation of DUA, this article focusses on the entry of trace elements, including metals and metalloids into humans, and their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses, representing potentially toxic agents with implications as co-factors for certain DUA. Several trace elements/metals/metalloids (micronutrients) play vital roles as co-factors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules, thus, conferring protection against disease. However, inborn errors of trace element/metal/metalloid metabolisms can occur to produce toxicity, such as when there are basic defects in the element transport mechanism. Ultimately, it is the amount of trace element, metal or metalloid that is taken up, its mode of accumulation in human tissues, and related geomedical attributes such as the chemical form and bioavailability that decisively determine whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. Several case descriptions of DUA that are common worldwide are given to illustrate our knowledge so far of how trace element/metal/metalloid interactions in the immune system may engender its dysregulation and be implicated as causal co-factors of DUA. Article highlights The importance of a proper understanding of geochemical perturbations in human metabolisms is emphasisedIt is proferred that such an understanding would aid greatly in the decipherment of diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA)The thesis presented may pave the way towards better diagnosis and therapy of DUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus C. Davies
- Present Address: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 511 Mangosuthu Highway, 4031, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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Re DB, Yan B, Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Andrew AS, Tischbein M, Stommel EW. A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk. J Neurol 2022; 269:2359-2377. [PMID: 34973105 PMCID: PMC9021134 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that United States veterans have an increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to civilians. However, the responsible etiological factors are unknown. In the general population, specific occupational (e.g. truck drivers, airline pilots) and environmental exposures (e.g. metals, pesticides) are associated with an increased ALS risk. As such, the increased prevalence of ALS in veterans strongly suggests that there are exposures experienced by military personnel that are disproportionate to civilians. During service, veterans may encounter numerous neurotoxic exposures (e.g. burn pits, engine exhaust, firing ranges). So far, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating environmental factors contributing to ALS in veterans and even fewer assessing their exposure using biomarkers. Herein, we discuss ALS pathogenesis in relation to a series of persistent neurotoxicants (often emitted as mixtures) including: chemical elements, nanoparticles and lipophilic toxicants such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. We propose these toxicants should be directly measured in veteran central nervous system tissue, where they may have accumulated for decades. Specific toxicants (or mixtures thereof) may accelerate ALS development following a multistep hypothesis or act synergistically with other service-linked exposures (e.g. head trauma/concussions). Such possibilities could explain the lower age of onset observed in veterans compared to civilians. Identifying high-risk exposures within vulnerable populations is key to understanding ALS etiopathogenesis and is urgently needed to act upon modifiable risk factors for military personnel who deserve enhanced protection during their years of service, not only for their short-term, but also long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Department of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Seelig J, Heller RA, Hackler J, Haubruck P, Moghaddam A, Biglari B, Schomburg L. Selenium and copper status - potential signposts for neurological remission after traumatic spinal cord injury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:126415. [PMID: 31685353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) is a severe incident resulting in loss of motor and sensory function caused by complex pathological mechanisms including massive oxidative stress and extensive inflammatory processes. The essential trace elements selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) play crucial roles as part of the antioxidant defense. HYPOTHESIS Remission after TSCI is associated with characteristic dynamics of early changes in serum Cu and Se status. STUDY DESIGN Single-center prospective observational study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum samples from TSCI patients were analyzed (n = 52); 21 recovered and showed a positive abbreviated injury score (AIS) conversion within 3 months (G1), whereas 21 had no remission (G0). Ten subjects with vertebral fractures without neurological impairment served as control (C). Different time points (at admission, and after 4, 9, 12, and 24 h) were analyzed for total serum Se and Cu concentrations by total reflection X-ray fluorescence, and for Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and Ceruloplasmin (CP) by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS At admission, CP and SELENOP concentrations were higher in the remission group (G1) than in the non-remission group (G0). Within 24 h, there were marginal changes in Se, SELENOP, Cu and CP concentrations in the groups of controls (C) and G0. In contrast, these parameters decreased significantly in G1. Binary logistic regression analysis including Cu and Se levels at admission in combination with Se and CP levels after 24 h allowed a prediction for potential remission, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.7% (CI: 75.1%-100.0%). CONCLUSION These data indicate a strong association between temporal changes of the Se and Cu status and the clinical outcome after TSCI. The dynamics observed may reflect an ongoing redistribution of the trace elements in favor of a better anti-inflammatory response and a more successful neurological regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Seelig
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raban Arved Heller
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Haubruck
- Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopedic Research Group, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Hospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Paraplegiology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Noli F, Papadopoulos P, Kolias P, Tsiridis E, Papavasiliou K, Sayegh F. Neutron activation analysis for determination of metal ions in biological fluids of patients after CoCrMo arthroplasty. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Heller RA, Seelig J, Bock T, Haubruck P, Grützner PA, Schomburg L, Moghaddam A, Biglari B. Relation of selenium status to neuro-regeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:141-149. [PMID: 30466924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The trace element selenium (Se) is crucial for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins. Both neurodevelopment and the survival of neurons that are subject to stress depend on a regular selenoprotein biosynthesis and sufficient Se supply by selenoprotein P (SELENOP). HYPOTHESIS Neuro-regeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is related to the Se status. STUDY DESIGN Single-centre prospective observational study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three groups of patients with comparable injuries were studied; vertebral fractures without neurological impairment (n = 10, group C), patients with TSCI showing no remission (n = 9, group G0), and patients with remission developing positive abbreviated injury score (AIS) conversion within 3 months (n = 10, group G1). Serum samples were available from different time points (upon admission, and after 4, 9 and 12 h, 1 and 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 2 and 3 months). Serum trace element concentrations were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence, SELENOP by ELISA, and further parameters by laboratory routine. RESULTS Serum Se and SELENOP concentrations were higher on admission in the remission group (G1) as compared to G0. During the first week, both parameters remained constant in C and G0, whereas they declined significantly in the remission group. Similarly, the concentration changes between admission and 24 h were most pronounced in this group of recovering patients (G1). Binary logistic regression analysis including the delta of Se and SELENOP within the first 24 h indicated an AUC of 90.0% (CI: 67.4%-100.0%) with regards to predicting the outcome after TSCI. CONCLUSION A Se deficit might constitute a risk factor for poor outcome after TSCI. A dynamic decline of serum Se and SELENOP concentrations after admission may reflect ongoing repair processes that are associated with higher odds for a positive clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raban Arved Heller
- Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Seelig
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Bock
- Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Haubruck
- Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Alfred Grützner
- BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Medical Director, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Department of Paraplegiology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Filippini T, Michalke B, Mandrioli J, Tsatsakis AM, Weuve J, Vinceti M. Selenium Neurotoxicity and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Epidemiologic Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95390-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tomik B, Chwiej J, Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M, Lankosz M, Wójcik S, Adamek D, Falkenberg G, Bohic S, Simionovici A, Stegowski Z, Szczudlik A. Implementation of X-ray fluorescence microscopy for investigation of elemental abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:321-31. [PMID: 16733809 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-9030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The abnormalities of metallochemical reactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In the present work, an investigation of the elemental composition of the gray matter, nerve cells and white matter from spinal cord tissues representing three ALS cases and five non-ALS controls was performed. This was done with the use of the synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence technique (micro-SRXRF). The following elements were detected in the tissue sections: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br. A higher accumulation of Cl, K, Ca, Zn and Br was observed in the nerve cell bodies than in the surrounding tissue. Contrary to all other elements, Zn accumulation was lower in the white matter areas than in the gray matter ones. The results of quantitative analysis showed that there were no general abnormalities in the elemental accumulation between the ALS and the control group. However, for individual ALS cases such abnormalities were observed for the nerve cells. We also demonstrated differences in the elemental accumulation between the analyzed ALS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tomik
- Institute of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
Abstract
This chapter focuses on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease. It discusses the three major forms of ALS: sporadic ALS, the familial or hereditary form of ALS, and the western Pacific (Mariana Islands) form. Considerable progress has been made in recent years on identifying genetic loci responsible for Mendelian forms of ALS; this evidence is summarized. The potential importance of geographic clusters is discussed, with particular emphasis on the western Pacific form of ALS because it often occurs in association with a parkinsonism and/or dementia complex (PDC). The incidence of Western Pacific ALS peaked and then declined in the mid-20th century, which strongly implicated an environmental cause. The chapter also presents detailed information regarding putative risk factors for sporadic ALS, which includes environmental toxicants, skeletal trauma, cigarette smoking, diet, and vigorous physical activity.
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Polack EW, King JM, Cummings JF, Mohammed HO, Birch M, Cronin T. Concentrations of trace minerals in the spinal cord of horses with equine motor neuron disease. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:609-11. [PMID: 10850833 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare concentrations of trace minerals in the spinal cord of horses with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) with those of horses without neurologic disease (control horses). ANIMALS 24 horses with EMND and 22 control horses. PROCEDURE Spinal cord trace mineral concentrations in horses with EMND and control horses were analyzed by use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, and chromium), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (lead and cadmium), flameless atomic absorption (mercury), and fluorometry (selenium). RESULTS Copper concentration was significantly higher in the spinal cord of horses with EMND, compared with control horses; spinal cord concentrations of all other trace minerals were similar between groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Among spinal cord trace minerals investigated in the study, only copper concentrations were significantly different between horses with EMND and horses without neurologic disease, which suggests that copper may be involved in the pathogenesis of EMND. An hypothesis of oxidative injury in this disease is supported by the finding of increased copper concentrations in the spinal cord and by low vitamin E concentrations reported by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Polack
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Kapaki E, Zournas C, Kanias G, Zambelis T, Kakami A, Papageorgiou C. Essential trace element alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1997; 147:171-5. [PMID: 9106124 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(96)05334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although trace elements have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for a long time, new evidence has connected familial ALS with the metalloenzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, thus reinforcing the study of their metabolism. This work presents the results of serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistically significant decreased cerebrospinal fluid and serum copper levels were found in patients compared to the control group (20.25 +/- 7.09 vs. 30.86 +/- 16.02 SD micrograms/l and 913.21 +/- 165.55 vs. 1020.17 +/- 197.76 SD micrograms/l) while serum manganese levels were found to be increased in patients (3.59 +/- 0.89 SD micrograms/l) compared to controls (3.03 +/- 1.23 SD micrograms/l). Zinc and magnesium levels were unchanged. Our findings indicate an essential trace element imbalance in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kapaki
- Department of Neurology (Research Laboratory), Athens National University, Eginition Hospital, Greece
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Man CK, Zheng YH, Mak PK. Hair analysis of spastic children in Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1996; 191:291-295. [PMID: 8931349 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hair samples of 20 spastic children and 29 normal children were collected and measured, using neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence techniques, for the concentrations of Al, Sb, As, Ca, Cu, I, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, K, Sr, S, V and Zn. Both groups of children were of ages between 5 and 13. The washing method of using detergent and powder was found to be comparable to that of using ether. Difference in the mean concentration of each element in the two groups was tested by the Student's t-test and the Wilcoxon rank-sums test. Hair concentrations of Al, Sb, Pb, Mn, K, Sr, and V in the 'spasm group' were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the 'normal group'. Attempt was made to interpret the effects of these elements on the nervous and muscular systems of the spastic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Man
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Ejima A, Watanabe C, Koyama H, Matsuno K, Satoh H. Determination of selenium in the human brain by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996; 54:9-21. [PMID: 8862757 DOI: 10.1007/bf02785316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For the investigation of neurological disorders, a development of simple and accessible methods for determining selenium in human brain samples is required. We devised a method of determining selenium using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). An electrodeless discharge lamp provided the sufficient sensitivity to determine brain selenium. The matrix interferences were avoided by using high temperature, a prolonged pyrolysis step, and a palladium matrix modifier. The technique of standard addition was used to evaluate the sample concentrations. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by a bovine liver reference material. The detection limit of selenium was 0.04 ng. The determined selenium concentrations of human brain cortex and white matter were higher than those of putamen (115-155 and 206-222 ng/g wet wt, respectively). These GFAAS values agreed with those obtained by fluorometric analysis (r = 0.91, n = 10). Moreover, the GFAAS values were compatible to those reported by other researchers (99-274 ng/g wet wt), in which selenium concentrations in putamen also tended to be higher than the other two regions. We conclude that GFAAS is useful for selenium analysis in brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ejima
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ehmann WD, Vance DE. Studies of trace element involvement in human disease by in vitro activation analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02041521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Elemental imbalance studies by INAA on extraneural tissues from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02036468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Moriwaka F, Satoh H, Ejima A, Watanabe C, Tashiro K, Hamada T, Matsumoto A, Shima K, Yanagihara T, Fukazawa T. Mercury and selenium contents in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. J Neurol Sci 1993; 118:38-42. [PMID: 8229049 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(93)90243-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the pathogenicity of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) which are supposed to be one of the risk factors in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Hg and Se contents were measured in plasma, blood cells, scalp hair samples of 21 sporadic ALS patients and 36 controls, who included 19 patients with other neurological diseases, in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. Hg and Se levels in plasma and blood cells of ALS patients were significantly lower in advanced staged ALS patients than controls. Low Hg and Se contents in ALS, being correlated with their disabilities and nutritional conditions, would rather reflect the disease contracted states than the pathogenic roles in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moriwaka
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Wedler FC. Biological significance of manganese in mammalian systems. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993; 30:89-133. [PMID: 7905650 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F C Wedler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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Mitchell JD, Jackson MJ, Pentland B. Indices of free radical activity in the cerebrospinal fluid in motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50:919-22. [PMID: 3625217 PMCID: PMC1032134 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.50.7.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Indices of free-radical activity and lipid peroxidation were studied in cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from 11 patients with motor neuron disease and 11 reference subjects. No differences were found between the two groups. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to current views of the possible pathogenesis of this disease.
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