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Qi L, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang M, Jablonska E, Zhou H, Su S, Jia Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang T. Association of Plasma Selenium and Its Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling with Cervical Cancer Prognosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4637-4648. [PMID: 36609649 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that shows beneficial or adverse health effects depending on the dose. However, its role in the prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) has been less reported. We aimed to explore the association between selenium status and prognosis in CC patients with different prognoses and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of selenium in CC prognosis. This cross-sectional observational study had a case-control design at the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and was conducted using 29 CC cases with poor prognosis and 29 CC cases with good prognosis. Plasma selenium levels were measured using an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites. Plasma selenium levels of the poor prognosis group (49.90 ± 13.81 µg/L) were lower than that of the good prognosis group (59.38 ± 13.00 µg/L, t = 2.69, P = 0.009). In the logistic regression analysis, plasma selenium levels were associated with lower poor prognosis risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.909-0.998]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off point of plasma selenium levels ≤ 47.68 µg/L for poor prognosis of CC. Based on the cut-off selenium levels, patients with different prognoses were divided into high and low selenium groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed six differential metabolites among different prognoses with low and high selenium levels, and the glycerophospholipid (GPL) metabolism was enriched. Plasma selenium levels were positively correlated with metabolite levels. Our findings provided evidence that low plasma selenium levels may associate with a poor prognosis of CC. Low plasma selenium levels might suppress GPL metabolism and influence the prognosis of CC. This finding requires confirmation in future prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, China
| | - Shengqi Su
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuehui Jia
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.17 Fuhou Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Abstract
Trace elements are essentially required for various physiological and metabolic functions, and any disturbance in the trace elements homeostasis may result in the development of chronic diseases including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type reported in women equally affecting both the high-income and low-income countries. This review therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary trace element intake in relation to the incidence of breast cancer. We focused on five trace elements, thus emphasizing dietary selenium, zinc, iron, copper, and cadmium intake and risk of breast cancer. A systematic approach was applied to perform this review through entering a search term in PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 24 articles were included after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies regarding dietary iron intake showed a detrimental effect of increased dietary heme iron on breast cancer incidence risk. In addition, there is a limited evidence of high dietary intake of selenium and zinc to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Also, a few studies showed a relationship between high cadmium consumption and risk of breast cancer. More studies related to cadmium and copper exposure are needed to confirm this relationship. As a result, the findings of this review suggested that high dietary heme iron is a potential risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Iqbal
- NUMS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, PWD Campus, Police Foundation Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Inayat Ali
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Universitätsstrasse 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
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Premarathne S, Chandrajith R, Nanayakkara N, Gamage CD, Ratnatunga N, Wijetunge S, Badurdeen Z, Guruge S, Elladeniya N, Madushan KPS, Samarasiri KOCU, Hewavitharane P, Herath D, Senarathne S. Could Consumption of Trace Element-Contaminated Rice Be a Risk Factor for Acute Interstitial Nephritis with Uncertain Etiology in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka? Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2597-2605. [PMID: 34431070 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of toxic trace elements in the human body has been considered one of the major reasons for renal dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease with uncertain etiological factors (CKDu) is a recently described clinical entity in which the disease is found in geographically isolated pockets in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. In CKDu regions, an increasing number of cases are reported with acute interstitial nephritis without any known reason (AINu). However, recent exposure to certain risk behaviors or nephrotoxins, or both, is suspected for the AINu. Consumption of foods that are contaminated with trace elements is one of the main pathways of human exposure to environmental toxins. The current study was carried out to assess the possibility of trace element-contaminated rice consumption on the etiopathogenesis of AINu. Samples of rice consumed by 32 clinically diagnosed AINu cases were collected and analyzed for possible nephrotoxic trace elements. Out of 32 patients, 26 were histologically confirmed with tubulointerstitial disease. The results revealed that the mean values of Cd, As, and Pb were 0.18, 0.055, and 0.135 mg/kg, with ranges of 0.020-1.06, 0.012-0.222, and 0.003-0.744 mg/kg (on dry weight basis), respectively. This study indicated that the investigated toxic trace element levels of rice consumed by AINu were reasonably below the recommended levels of the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO and WHO. Hence, it is less likely that rice consumption is to be a risk factor for the etiology of AINu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - C D Gamage
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Neelakanthi Ratnatunga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sulochana Wijetunge
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Zeid Badurdeen
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Shashika Guruge
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - N Elladeniya
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - K P S Madushan
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - K O C U Samarasiri
- Centre for Education Research and Training On Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Sachintha Senarathne
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Bennett DH, Busgang SA, Kannan K, Parsons PJ, Takazawa M, Palmer CD, Schmidt RJ, Doucette JT, Schweitzer JB, Gennings C, Hertz-Picciotto I. Environmental exposures to pesticides, phthalates, phenols and trace elements are associated with neurodevelopment in the CHARGE study. Environ Int 2022; 161:107075. [PMID: 35085933 PMCID: PMC9317896 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if higher exposures measured in early childhood to environmental phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and/or trace elements, are associated with increased odds of having a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Developmental Delay (DD), or Other Early Concerns (OEC) compared to typically developing children (TD). METHODS This study included 627 children between the ages of 2-5 who participated in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study. Urine samples were collected at the same study visit where diagnostic assessments to confirm diagnosis indicated during the recruitment process were performed. Adjusted multinomial regression models of each chemical with diagnosis as the outcome were conducted. Additionally, two methods were used to analyze mixtures: repeated holdout multinomial weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression for each chemical class; and a total urinary mixture effect was assessed with repeated holdout random subset WQS. RESULTS Many urinary chemicals were associated with increased odds of ASD, DD or OEC compared to TD; however, most did not remain significant after false discovery rate adjustment. Repeated holdout WQS indices provided evidence for associations of both a phenol/paraben mixture effect and a trace element mixture effect on DD independently. In analyses adjusted for confounders and other exposures, results suggested an association of a pesticide mixture effect with increased risk for ASD. Results also suggested associations of a total urinary mixture with greater odds of both ASD and DD separately. CONCLUSION Higher concentrations of urinary biomarkers were associated with ASD, DD, and OEC compared to TD, with consistency of the results comparing single chemical analyses and mixture analyses. Given that the biospecimens used for chemical analysis were generally collected many months after diagnoses were made, the direction of any causal association is unknown. Hence findings may reflect higher exposures among children with non-typical development than TD children due to differences in behaviors, metabolism, or toxicokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Stefanie A Busgang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Mari Takazawa
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John T Doucette
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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He P, Li H, Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Li Q, Liu C, Qin X. U-shaped Association Between Dietary Zinc Intake and New-onset Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e815-e824. [PMID: 34448874 PMCID: PMC8902942 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset diabetes among Chinese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 257 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, or glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. RESULTS A total of 1097 participants developed new-onset diabetes during a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity < 0.001). The risk of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower in participants with zinc intake < 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88), and higher in those with zinc intake ≥ 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13). Consistently, when dietary zinc intake was assessed as deciles, compared with those in deciles 2-8 (8.9 -<12.2 mg/day), the risk of new-onset diabetes was higher for decile 1 (<8.9 mg/day: HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), and deciles 9 to 10 (≥12.2 mg/day: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38-1.90). Similar U-shaped relations were found for plant-derived or animal-derived zinc intake with new-onset diabetes (all P for nonlinearity < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a U-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 9.1 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Correspondence: Chengzhang Liu, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Correspondence: Xianhui Qin, MD, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China and Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Larrouquère L, Berthier S, Chovelon B, Garrel C, Vacchina V, Paucot H, Boutonnat J, Faure P, Hazane-Puch F. Preclinical Evaluation of Sodium Selenite in Mice: Toxicological and Tumor Regression Studies after Striatum Implantation of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910646. [PMID: 34638987 PMCID: PMC8508933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma, with a very poor prognosis; as such, efforts to explore new treatments and GBM’s etiology are a priority. We previously described human GBM cells (R2J-GS) as exhibiting the properties of cancer stem cells (growing in serum-free medium and proliferating into nude mice when orthotopically grafted). Sodium selenite (SS)—an in vitro attractive agent for cancer therapy against GBM—was evaluated in R2J-GS cells. To go further, we launched a preclinical study: SS was given orally, in an escalation-dose study (2.25 to 10.125 mg/kg/day, 5 days on, 2 days off, and 5 days on), to evaluate (1) the absorption of selenium in plasma and organs (brain, kidney, liver, and lung) and (2) the SS toxicity. A 6.75 mg/kg SS dose was chosen to perform a tumor regression assay, followed by MRI, in R2J-GS cells orthotopically implanted in nude mice, as this dose was nontoxic and increased brain selenium concentration. A group receiving TMZ (5 mg/kg) was led in parallel. Although not reaching statistical significance, the group of mice treated with SS showed a slower tumor growth vs. the control group (p = 0.08). No difference was observed between the TMZ and control groups. We provide new insights of the mechanisms of SS and its possible use in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Larrouquère
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, 69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Sylvie Berthier
- Cytometry Platform, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (J.B.)
- Unit of Anatomopathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 380000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Hugues Paucot
- University of Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, FORCO, Bâtiment d’Alembert-Rue Jules Ferry, BP 27540-64075 Pau CEDEX, France;
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Cytometry Platform, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (J.B.)
- Unit of Anatomopathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 380000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Hazane-Puch
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-476769316
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Martins AC, Ruella Oliveira S, Barbosa F, Tinkov AA, V A, Santamaría A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Evaluating the risk of manganese-induced neurotoxicity of parenteral nutrition: review of the current literature. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:581-593. [PMID: 33620266 PMCID: PMC8122055 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1894123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several diseases and clinical conditions can affect enteral nutrition and adequate gastrointestinal uptake. In this respect, parenteral nutrition (PN) is necessary for the provision of deficient trace elements. However, some essential elements, such as manganese (Mn) may be toxic to children and adults when parenterally administered in excess, leading to toxic, especially neurotoxic effects. AREAS COVERED Here, we briefly provide an overview on Mn, addressing its sources of exposure, the role of Mn in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and focusing on potential mechanisms associated with Mn-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, we discuss the potential consequences of overexposure to Mn inherent to PN. EXPERT OPINION In this critical review, we suggest that additional research is required to safely set Mn levels in PN, and that eliminating Mn as an additive should be considered by physicians and nutritionists on a case by case basis in the meantime to avoid the greater risk of neurotoxicity by its presence. There is a need to better define clinical biomarkers for Mn toxicity by PN, as well as identify new effective agents to treat Mn-neurotoxicity. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the development of new guidelines and practice safeguards to protect patients from excessive Mn exposure and neurotoxicity upon PN administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Silvana Ruella Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Freire BM, Lange CN, Pedron T, Monteiro LR, Sanches LR, Dos Reis Pedreira-Filho W, Batista BL. Occupational exposure of foundry workers assessed by the urinary concentrations of 18 elements and arsenic species. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126593. [PMID: 32599537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some raw materials applied in Fe foundry industries may contain potentially toxic elements. Thus, foundry worker's occupational exposure is a constant health concern. METHOD In this study, 194 urine samples from foundry workers were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for biomonitoring of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Se, U and Zn. Moreover, arsenic speciation was performed in representative samples of production sector workers (group A) and administration sector workers (group B). RESULTS Concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cs, I, Sb in urines from group A were higher than those found for group B. Samples of group A presented Cs, Ni, Mn, Pb, U and Zn concentrations higher than values reported for exposed workers assessed by other studies. Forty-four samples from group A exceed As-reference limits. Group A had approximately seven times more inorganic As (as arsenite) and 14 times more organic As (as dimethyl As) than group B. A statistically significant difference was observed in the elemental concentration in the workers' urine by the time in the function. Moreover, alcohol consumption is probably influencing the urine concentration of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, I, Se and Zn. CONCLUSION The monitored foundry workers are exposed to potentially toxic elements and more attention must be given to their health. Therefore, workplace safety conditions must be improved, and constant biomonitoring is necessary to ensure workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moreira Freire
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Neves Lange
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pedron
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro
- Centro de Quimica e Meio Ambiente, Ipen/CNEN-SP - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Rentas Sanches
- Química Especial Medicina Diagnóstica e Preventiva, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
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Afzal A, Qayyum MA, Shah MH. Study of Trace Metal Imbalances in the Scalp Hair of Stomach Cancer Patients with Different Types and Stages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:365-374. [PMID: 31659649 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is among the most common forms of cancers, and diet and environmental factors play important roles in its malignancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal contents in the scalp hair of stomach cancer patients and healthy donors to investigate probable relationship between metal imbalances and cancer. The samples were digested in HNO3-HClO4 mixture and the metals were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Median level of Cr was found to be significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, while median levels of Fe, Mn and Cd were considerably reduced. The correlation pattern of metals in the patients manifested significantly divergent mutual relationships compared with the controls. Multivariate analyses showed appreciably diverse apportionment of the metals in the patients and healthy donors. Variations in the metal levels were also observed for various types (adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour) as well as stages (I, II, III and IV) of stomach cancer patients. Most of the metals revealed noticeable disparities in their levels based on gender, habitat, dietary habit and smoking habit of patients and controls. Accordingly, the essential/toxic metals exhibited significant imbalance due to pathogenesis of stomach among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annum Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Gbogbo F, Rainhill JE, Koranteng SS, Owusu EH, Dorleku WP. Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Trace Metals Via Bushmeat in Ghana. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:419-429. [PMID: 31673953 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Consumption and trade in bushmeat are entrenched in sub-Saharan Africa amid growing land degradation and environmental pollution that raise safety concerns, yet sustainability of bushmeat extraction and zoonoses considerations have been the focus of bushmeat research. Here, we evaluated the health risk of trace metals in the skeletal muscle, bone, liver, and skin of the black duiker (Cephalophus niger), brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus), and Maxwell's duiker (Cephalophus maxwelli) being the five most hunted and consumed species of bushmeat in Ghana. Sample tissues of the five species were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Se, Cd, As, Pb, and Hg. Targeted hazard quotient (THQ) of Se for black duiker, bushback, and Maxwell's duiker as well as that of Pb for black duiker, Brush-tailed porcupine, and Maxwell's duiker were concerning (> 1) for individuals foraging daily on bushmeat. Thus, cane rat was the only species that recorded both estimated daily intake (EDI) and THQ of Se and Pb within safe limits for daily consumption. In respect of Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Hg, EDI and THQ values indicated no perceived risk to consumers for all five species. Lifetime cancer risk (CR) of As was negligible for all species. At the rate of bushmeat consumption in sub-Saharan Africa (0.104 kg per day), the cane rat was the only species considered safe for daily consumption among the five species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Gbogbo
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Jacinta E Rainhill
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel S Koranteng
- Institute of Environment and Sanitation Studies, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Erasmus H Owusu
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Winfred-Peck Dorleku
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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11
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Li F, Lu Q, Li M, Yang X, Xiong C, Yang B. Comparison and Risk Assessment for Trace Heavy Metals in Raw Pu-erh Tea with Different Storage Years. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:696-706. [PMID: 31625054 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This research conducted an exploration of the content of microelements (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Hg) in raw Pu-erh tea with different storage years. The contents of As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Hg were 0.14, 0.82, 0.02, 0.52, 14.59, 33.51, 564.02, and 0.01 μg/g, respectively, and were all less than the national standard limit values in China. The target hazard quotients (THQs) of each heavy metal were all lower than 1, and the value of combined risk hazard index (HI) of all to adults was 0.221, which presents no health risk when consumed properly by adults of the raw Pu-erh tea infusions. Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between the heavy metal element (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Hg) contents and the THQ values of raw Pu-erh tea samples and storage years; the correlation coefficients (R2) range from 0.01 to 0.33 and from 0.01 to 0.57, respectively. The result showed that the storage years showed no effect on the exposure risk of heavy metals; the heavy metal elements in tea samples come from the atmosphere and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Qinhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Changyun Xiong
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Tea (Pu'er), West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er, 665000, China.
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12
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalny AV. A Case-Control Study of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements and Minerals in Hair of 0-4-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:399-408. [PMID: 31468294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess hair essential and toxic trace elements and minerals in children with cerebral palsy in relation to age of the examinees. A total of 70 children with cerebral palsy and 70 healthy controls aged 0-4 years old were enrolled in the present study. The examined children were also divided into two age groups of those younger and older than 2 years old. Hair trace element content was assessed using ICP-MS at NexION 300D (PerkinElmer, USA). The obtained data demonstrate that hair boron was more than 2-fold lower in CP children as compared with the control group. At the same time, hair Na, Se, and V levels were 21%, 12%, and 20% lower when compared with healthy controls, respectively. It is also notable that a 9% and 28% decrease in hair Fe and Li levels respectively were nearly significant. The observed alterations were more profound in a younger group of patients. No significant group difference in hair toxic metal and metalloid levels was observed between the general cohorts of children with and without CP. In regression models, only hair Al and Ca contents were significantly associated with the presence of cerebral palsy, whereas hair Mg, Na, Ni, and Se levels were characterized as significant negative predictors. The observed alteration in trace element metabolism may also provide an additional link between cerebral palsy, psychomotor delay, and certain diseases, including diabetes, epilepsy, and osteoporosis. However, further studies using other substrates (blood, urine) or biomarkers are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146.
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Taipei Medical University, Wuxing St., 250, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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Zhou X, Strezov V, Jiang Y, Yang X, Kan T, Evans T. Contamination identification, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace elements at different fractions of atmospheric particles at iron and steelmaking areas in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230983. [PMID: 32240214 PMCID: PMC7117772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
China has the largest share of global iron and steel production, which is considered to play a significant contribution to air pollution. This study aims to investigate trace element contamination at different fractions of particulate matter (PM) at industrial areas in China. Three PM fractions, PM2.1-9.0, PM1.1-2.1 and PM1.1, were collected from areas surrounding iron and steelmaking plants at Kunming, Wuhan, Nanjing and Ningbo in China. Multiple trace elements and their bioavailability, as well as Pb isotopic compositions, were analysed for identification of contaminants, health risk assessment and source apportionment. Results showed that PM particles in the sites near industrial areas were associated with a range of toxic trace elements, specifically As, Cr(VI), Cd and Mn, and posed significant health risks to humans. The isotopic Pb compositions identified that coal and high temperature metallurgical processes in the steelmaking process were the dominant contributors to local air pollution in these sites. In addition to iron and steelmaking activities, traffic emissions and remote pollution also played a contributing role in PM contamination, confirmed by the differences of Pb isotopic compositions at each PM fraction and statistical results from Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA). The results presented in this study provide a comprehensive understanding of PM emissions at iron and steelmaking areas, which helps to guide subsequent updates of air pollution control guidelines to efficiently minimise environmental footprint and ensure long term sustainability of the industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Zhou
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Kan
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Evans
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mazurek D, Łoźna K, Bronkowska M. The concentration of selected elements in the placenta according to selected sociodemographic factors and their effect on birth mass and birth length of newborns. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126425. [PMID: 31735606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The placenta is a remarkable organ which provides critical transport functions between the maternal and fetal circulations during pregnancy. The demand for mineral components increases during the gestational period, therefore, an appropriate intake of minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, determines the correct growth and development of a fetus. The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of selected elements in the placenta, and to assess the impact of their concentrations on the birth weight and birth length of newborns. The second aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected sociodemographic factors on the concentration of elements in the placenta. RESULTS The study demonstrated that the age of mothers affected the concentration of Ca and Mn in the placenta, and their habit of tobacco smoking during the gestational period was associated with higher concentrations of Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Cd in the placental tissue. The results also showed that concentrations of K, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the placental tissue affected birth length. Furthermore, the association was demonstrated between a higher Cd concentration in the placenta (≥ 0.0503 μg/g) and the birth anthropometric parameters of neonates. CONCLUSIONS Smoking during pregnancy and environment pollution are the factors that affects the concentration of elements in the placenta and contributes to their high accumulation in the placenta. Smoking during pregnancy causes an increased concentration of cadmium in the placenta which has negative health effects for the newborn. Women living in a big city or village had a higher concentration of cadmium in their placentas compared to women living in smaller cities. The significant influence of some elements (K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Cd) on the newborn's birth parameters was also demonstrated. The results of our research indicate the importance of the mother's lifestyle in providing the placenta with elements, which affects the growth of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mazurek
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Łoźna
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Ma J, Li Y, Liu Y, Lin C, Cheng H. Effects of soil particle size on metal bioaccessibility and health risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 186:109748. [PMID: 31606640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral ingestion is the main exposure pathway through which humans ingest trace metals in the soil, particularly for children. Metals in different soil particle size fractions may vary in terms of concentration and properties. Urban school/kindergarten soil samples were collected from three cities: Lanzhou in northwest China, Wuhan in central China, and Shenzhen in southeast China. Soil samples were classified according to particle size (<63 μm, 63-150 μm, 150-250 μm, and 250-2000 μm) to estimate the effects of soil particle size on the total content and bioaccessibility of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Based on the results, we assessed whether the standard size <150 μm (containing < 63 μm and 63-150 μm), recommended by the Technical Review Workgroup (TRW) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and <250 μm (containing < 63 μm, 63-150 μm, and 150-250) recommended by the Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE), are suitable where the largest proportion adhering to hands is the finest soil (<63 μm). The results showed that different metals exhibited different relationships between soil particle size and content and between soil particle size and bioaccessibility. Pb and Zn generally exhibited the greatest bioaccessibility in the coarsest particle sizes (250-2000 μm); whereas the highest Ni bioaccessibility occurred in the finest sizes (<63 μm); the bioaccessibility of other metals did not exhibit any obvious relationships with particle size. When assessing health risks using bioaccessible metal content in the recommended soil particle size ranges (<150 μm and <250 μm) and in finer particles (<63 μm), the results for noncarcinogenic risks to children exhibited no obvious difference, while the actual carcinogenic risks may be underestimated with the use of soil particle size ranges < 150 μm and <250 μm. Therefore, when choosing an optimal particle size fraction to evaluate the health risk of oral soil ingestion, we recommend the use of the bioaccessible metal content in <63 μm soil fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Yuqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Yanzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Mirnamniha M, Faroughi F, Tahmasbpour E, Ebrahimi P, Beigi Harchegani A. An overview on role of some trace elements in human reproductive health, sperm function and fertilization process. Rev Environ Health 2019; 34:339-348. [PMID: 31203261 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human semen contains several trace elements such as calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) which are necessary for reproductive health, normal spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, motility and capacitation, as well as normal sperm function. In this review, the potential role of these trace elements in male reproductive health, normal function of spermatozoa and fertility potency were considered. We selected and reviewed articles that considered crucial roles of trace elements in human sperm function and fertility. Ca is essential for sperm motility and its hyperactivation, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, as well as sperm chemotaxis. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are involved in sperm motility and capacitation. Mg is necessary for normal ejaculation, spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Zn is one of the most significant nutrients in human semen. Seminal deficiency of Zn can be associated with delayed testicular development, impaired spermatogenesis, deficiency of sex hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation, and apoptosis. Se is another significant element which has antioxidative properties and is essential for spermatogenesis and the maintenance of male fertility. Mn is a potent stimulator for sperm motility; however, increased level of seminal plasma Se can be toxic for sperm. Like Se, Cu has antioxidative properties and has a positive effect on sperm parameters. Decreased level of these trace elements can negatively affect human reproductive health, semen quality, sperm normal function and as the result, fertility potency in men. Measurement of these trace elements in men with idiopathic infertility is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyeh Mirnamniha
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Faroughi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pirooz Ebrahimi
- University Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19945-581, Tehran, Iran
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Doyi INY, Isley CF, Soltani NS, Taylor MP. Human exposure and risk associated with trace element concentrations in indoor dust from Australian homes. Environ Int 2019; 133:105125. [PMID: 31634663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examines residential indoor dust from 224 homes in Sydney, Australia for trace element concentrations measured using portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) and their potential risk of harm. Samples were collected as part of a citizen science program involving public participation via collection and submission of vacuum dust samples for analysis of their As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations. The upper 95% confidence level of the mean values for 224 samples (sieved to <250 μm) were 20.2 mg/kg As, 99.8 mg/kg Cr, 298 mg/kg Cu, 247 mg/kg Mn, 56.7 mg/kg Ni, 364 mg/kg Pb and 2437 mg/kg Zn. The spatial patterns and variations of the metals indicate high homogeneity across Sydney, but with noticeably higher Pb values in the older areas of the city. Potential hazard levels were assessed using United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic and Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model human health risk assessment tools for children and adults. US EPA hazard indexes (HI) for Cr and Pb were higher than the safe level of 1.0 for children. HI > 1 suggests potential non-carcinogenic health effects. Carcinogenic risks were estimated for As, Cr and Pb whose carcinogenic slope factors (CSF) were available. Only the risk factor for Cr exceeded the US EPA's carcinogenic threshold (1 × 10-4) for children. Children aged 1-2 years had the highest predicted mean child blood lead (PbB) of 4.6 μg/dL, with 19.2% potentially having PbB exceeding 5 μg/dL and 5.80% exceeding 10 μg/dL. The Cr and Pb levels measured in indoor dust therefore pose potentially significant adverse health risks to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel N Y Doyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Cynthia Faye Isley
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Neda Sharifi Soltani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Abstract
Vitamins and minerals are part of a well-balanced diet. They are essential for normal growth and development, which is especially crucial for the pediatric population. Vitamins are divided based on their solubility into fat-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins A, D, E, and K and water-soluble vitamins, which include the B vitamins and vitamin C. Minerals include calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Trace minerals are micronutrients and include copper, zinc, selenium, chromium and manganese. The pediatrician is often the first health care provider to interface with patients, allowing them to pick up on nutritional derangements. This article reviews the basic sources, absorption, metabolism as well as the signs and symptoms that arise in deficient and toxic states of fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(11):e434-e440.].
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Abstract
Research on the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid cancer (TC) risk is limited, and the findings are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to provide emerging evidence for the association between iodine intake and TC risk in a Chinese population.An ecological study of epidemiology is used to compare the iodine intake among populations with different TC incidence in Zhoushan, China. Incidence rates of TC were investigated and compared among four counties of the Zhoushan Islands from 2014 to 2018. Iodized salt consumption rate and the level of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were analyzed for pupils and pregnant women from four counties.During 2014 to 2018, a total of 2495 new cases of TC were diagnosed in Zhoushan Islands. The mean crude incidence rate of TC was 51.29 per 100,000 inhabitants, and the standardized (world population) incidence rate (SIR) was 31.34 per 100,000 population. Incidence rates (SIR and crude incidence rates) were significantly higher in women than in men (χ test, P < .05). Both male and female, the incidence of TC in Daishan County is higher than the other three counties of Zhoushan. Iodized salt consumption rate and median UIC in pupils and pregnant women in Daishan County was significantly lower than the other three counties (χ test and Kruskal-Wallis test, all P < .05). The population with high TC incidence has a lower iodized salt consumption and a lower level of UIC compare with the relative low TC incidence populations.The low consumption of iodized salt with mild iodine deficiency may contribute to explain the exceptionally high incidence of TC in Daishan County. Further subtle designed studies are needed to provide additional insights into the epidemiology and etiology of TC and help identify the safe limit of iodine intake for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Zhang
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Peng Li
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Zhi-Ya Liu
- Zhoushan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Ping Yi
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Yan Chen
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhoushan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
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Jurowski K, Krośniak M, Fołta M, Tatar B, Cole M, Piekoszewski W. Safety Assessment of the Trace Element Impurities Ni and Cr in Pharmaceutical Herbal Products for Teething from Polish Pharmacies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:517-521. [PMID: 30684140 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Control of elemental impurities (EIs) in pharmaceutical herbal products is currently important but not a very popular topic in modern toxicological analysis. The occurrence and concentration of EIs in the pharmaceutical herbal products should be controlled and meet the standards of directive International Conference on Harmonisation's Q3D Guideline on Elemental Impurities. An interesting area of interest is measuring EIs including toxic and allergic metals in pharmaceutical herbal products for teething. The aim of this article was determination of Ni and Cr impurities in pharmaceutical herbal products for teething available in Polish pharmacies. Justifications were (1) herbs as an important source of EIs and (2) infants may be particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of metals because they tend to absorb a higher fraction of an oral dose. The analysis was carried out using microwave-assisted wet digestion with concentrated nitric acid and electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry. The safety assessment involved a triple approach: (1) level of Ni and Cr impurities in pharmaceutical samples; (2) level of Ni and Cr impurities including one-time administration of teething gels and (3) daily intake of metals. In all three cases, the results indicate that the standards of directive ICH Q3D are met for Ni and Cr. Overall, it can be concluded that none of the teething gels represents a health hazard to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Kraków Higher School of Health Promotion, Krowoderska 73, 31-158, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Fołta
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Tatar
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael Cole
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
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Gao B, Gao L, Gao J, Xu D, Wang Q, Sun K. Simultaneous evaluations of occurrence and probabilistic human health risk associated with trace elements in typical drinking water sources from major river basins in China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:139-146. [PMID: 30798224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is among the most important environmental issues related to sustainable development in China, especially to ensure national drinking water safety. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 19 trace elements in major drinking water sources from five major river basins in China: Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Huai River Basin, Hai River Basin, and Liao River Basin. Water quality, human health risk, and probabilistic health risk were evaluated using statistical analysis, as well as the water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient, hazard index (HI), carcinogenic risk (CR), and Monte-Carlo simulation. The distributions of the trace element concentrations differed somewhat among the five river basins. Regardless, the concentrations of all trace metals were within the permissible drinking water quality limits set by China, WHO, and US EPA and Chinese surface water standards (Grade I). Based on the low WQI values, all five river basins were categorized as having "excellent" water quality. In the non-carcinogenic risk assessment, the HI values for both adults and children were within the safe limit (<1.0), indicating no adverse health effects on the human body via daily oral intake and dermal absorption. By contrast, the CR values for As exceeded the Chinese limit of 1.0 × 10-6, with a higher risk for adults, via ingestion as the main exposure pathway. Sensitivity analysis identified exposure duration and ingestion rate as the most sensitive variables affecting the probabilistic risk for adults, while As concentration and exposure duration were the most sensitive variables for children. Overall, the findings indicate that As in drinking water may pose a detrimental health risk to the exposed population; therefore, regulation and management should focus on As monitoring and evaluation in the major river basins of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jijun Gao
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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22
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Kita Y, Mori J, Hosoi H. Iodine-induced hypothyroidism in a girl with anorexia nervosa. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:528-529. [PMID: 31090969 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mohammad AB, Mohammad SHK, Mohammad MK, Khan AS, Al-Hajjaj MS. Quantification of Trace Elements in Different Dokha and Shisha Tobacco Products using EDXRF. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:e7-e22. [PMID: 30462216 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to quantify trace metals in different dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products available in local markets. Recent research has shown that these products have higher amounts of nicotine and tar compared to various other tobacco products. No specific data are available on the concentration of trace elements in dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Harmful health effects due to the toxicity of these elements in tobacco and its smoke have not been adequately emphasized. Concentrations of trace elements were extensively studied using HORIBA XGT-7200 EDXRF fluorescence absorption spectroscopy. The mean concentrations of aluminum, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, strontium and zinc in 13 dokha products in μg/g were 406.92 ± 41.72, 14703.27 ± 271.73, 11.73 ± 2.12, 25.58 ± 2.63, 753.85 ± 14.87, 5306.54 ± 134.94, 82.31 ± 4.55, 25.58 ± 2.50, 2212.12 ± 39.04, 816.92 ± 15.26 and 35.96 ± 2.63, respectively; and those in the three shisha products in μg/g were 244.83 ± 25.11, 8235.77 ± 144.51, 3.40 ± 0.38, 22.77 ± 4.50, 569.13 ± 10.22, 2096.20 ± 130.69, 72.13 ± 7.13, 27.67 ± 5.31, 4467.50 ± 168.06, 320.20 ± 6.03 and 36.40 ± 3.57, respectively. In our study, the quantified trace metal concentrations in dokha and shisha tobacco using the EDXRF method were ten times higher than the LODs. The percentage of RSD was <10%, validating the precision of the method. Tobacco smoking is a major source of consumption of toxic elements, not only in the smoker but also in non-smokers through passive smoking. In dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products, compared with cigarettes, Ni levels were significantly higher, Cr, Cu and Zn levels were higher, and Fe levels were similar, while Al and Mn levels were lower. The dokha and shisha tobacco products have no filters; many toxic metals can quickly enter the lungs and cause different pulmonary diseases and oral infections. Tobacco smoking causes lung and oral cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdus Sayeed Khan
- Department of Physics, University Laboratories, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Clemente R, Arco-Lázaro E, Pardo T, Martín I, Sánchez-Guerrero A, Sevilla F, Bernal MP. Combination of soil organic and inorganic amendments helps plants overcome trace element induced oxidative stress and allows phytostabilisation. Chemosphere 2019; 223:223-231. [PMID: 30784729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trace element (TE)-contaminated soils require the improvement of their physico-chemical properties in order to allow their restoration through phytostabilization technologies. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of oxidative stress related parameters to validate the suitability of two different combinations of organic (solid fraction of pig slurry) and inorganic (paper mill sludge or a commercial red mud derivative) amendments for the phytostabilization of an acidic (4.2) TE-contaminated mine soil from SE Spain. Two wild species (Silybum marianum and Piptatherum miliaceum) were greenhouse cultivated and the development of the plants, their ionome, and oxidative stress related parameters were determined. Both amendment combinations increased significantly soil pH (to 5-6) and soil/pore water total organic C and total N concentrations, allowing an adequate plant growth and development (plants did not grow in untreated soils). The combination of amendments significantly reduced metal availability and showed to be effective (specially the one including the red mud derivative) in limiting shoot TE concentrations, which were all within common ranges (exclusion based tolerance of these species). Both protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in S. marianum plants from phytostabilized soils than in those from non-contaminated soils, which confirms the oxidative stress these plants suffer despite their satisfactory growth in the treated soils. P. miliaceum plants showed no differences between phytostabilized and non-contaminated soils. Therefore, the combination of amendments and TE-tolerant autochthonous species would be a suitable option for the phytostabilisation of soils contaminated by mining activities, reducing TE solubility and allowing an adequate plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Clemente
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
| | - E Arco-Lázaro
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - T Pardo
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - I Martín
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | | | - F Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - M P Bernal
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
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25
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Lee BM, Kwon S, Cho YM, Kim KB, Seo K, Min CS, Kim K. Perspectives on trace chemical safety and chemophobia: risk communication and risk management. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:186-199. [PMID: 30741122 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1575625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Safety issues regarding consumer products contaminated with trace amounts of chemicals are of great concern to consumers, with the degree of concern occasionally escalating to the psychological syndrome, chemophobia (i.e., the fear of chemicals). Hazardous substances frequently implicated in safety concerns include heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead), volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as benzene and o-toluidine, pesticides, carcinogens, radioactive substances, and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) such as bisphenol A and phthalates. To improve communication of risk to society, members of academia, government, consumer organizations, and industry participated in this workshop to discuss and exchange perspectives on trace chemical safety. From the perspective of academia, integrated risk assessments need to be implemented to encompass various exposure sources and routes. The identification and investigation of new exposure-related biomarkers are also recommended to verify direct causal relationships between specific chemical exposure and effects on human health. As for regulation, governments need to establish and maintain acceptable limits for trace chemicals in products. In addition, harmonized efforts need to be undertaken among government agencies to share regulatory limits and effectively control trace chemicals in consumer products. Manufacturers need to faithfully abide by Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, monitor sources of contamination, and minimize these for consumer safety. To effectively resolve safety issues arising from trace chemicals exposure, collaborative efforts are needed involving academia, government, consumer organizations, and industry. Further, scientific evidence-based risk assessment is a critical approach to effectively manage trace chemical safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Mu Lee
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Seok Kwon
- b SA Singapore Branch, Global Product Stewardship , Procter & Gamble International Operations , Singapore
| | - Yun Mi Cho
- c Korea Consumer Rights Forum , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- d College of Pharmacy , Dankook University , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - Kyungwon Seo
- e Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Sik Min
- f Department of Cosmetics Research , National Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
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26
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Lee BM, Kwon S, Cho YM, Kim KB, Seo K, Min CS, Kim K. Perspectives on trace chemical safety and chemophobia: risk communication and risk management. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:113-127. [PMID: 30663519 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1567972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Safety issues regarding consumer products contaminated with trace amounts of chemicals are of great concern to consumers, with the degree of concern occasionally escalating to the psychological syndrome, chemophobia, i.e., the fear of chemicals. Hazardous substances frequently implicated in safety concerns include heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead), volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as benzene and o-toluidine, pesticides, carcinogens, radioactive substances, and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) such as bisphenol A and phthalates. To improve communication of risk to society, members of academia, government, consumer organizations, and industry participated in this workshop to discuss and exchange perspectives on trace chemical safety. From the perspective of academia, integrated risk assessments need to be implemented to encompass various exposure sources and routes. The identification and investigation of new exposure-related biomarkers are also recommended to verify direct causal relationships between specific chemical exposure and effects on human health. As for regulation, governments need to establish and maintain acceptable limits for trace chemicals in products. In addition, harmonized efforts need to be undertaken among government agencies to share regulatory limits and effectively control trace chemicals in consumer products. Manufacturers need to faithfully abide by Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, monitor sources of contamination, and minimize these for consumer safety. To effectively resolve safety issues arising from trace chemicals exposure, collaborative efforts are needed involving academia, government, consumer organizations, and industry. Further, scientific evidence-based risk assessment is a critical approach to effectively manage trace chemical safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Mu Lee
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kwon
- b Procter & Gamble International Operations, SA Singapore Branch , Global Product Stewardship , Singapore
| | - Yun Mi Cho
- c Korea Consumer Rights Forum , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- d College of Pharmacy , Dankook University , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - Kyungwon Seo
- e Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Sik Min
- f Department of Cosmetics Research , National Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic disorder that is associated with peripheral iron deficiency in a subgroup of patients. It is unclear whether iron therapy is effective treatment for RLS. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral or parenteral iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) when compared with placebo or other therapies. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, PsycNFO, and CINAHL for the time period January 1995 to September 2017. We searched reference lists for additional published studies. We searched Clinicaltrials.gov and other clinical trial registries (September 2017) for ongoing or unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Controlled trials comparing any formulation of iron with placebo, other medications, or no treatment, in adults diagnosed with RLS according to expert clinical interview or explicit diagnostic criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality, with discussion to reach consensus in the case of any disagreement. The primary outcome considered in this review was restlessness or unpleasant sensations, as experienced subjectively by the patient. We combined treatment/control differences in the outcomes across studies using random-effects meta-analyses. We analysed continuous data using mean differences (MDs) where possible and performed standardised mean difference (SMD) analyses when different measurements were used across studies. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data using the Mantel-Haenszel method and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We analysed study heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We performed GRADE analysis using GRADEpro. MAIN RESULTS We identified and included 10 studies (428 total participants, followed for 2-16 weeks) in this review. Our primary outcome was restlessness or uncomfortable leg sensations, which was quantified using the International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) (range, 0 to 40) in eight trials and a different RLS symptom scale in a ninth trial. Nine studies compared iron to placebo and one study compared iron to a dopamine agonist (pramipexole). The possibility for bias among the trials was variable. Three studies had a single element with high risk of bias, which was lack of blinding in two and incomplete outcome data in one. All studies had at least one feature resulting in unclear risk of bias.Combining data from the seven trials using the IRLS to compare iron and placebo, use of iron resulted in greater improvement in IRLS scores (MD -3.78, 95% CI -6.25 to -1.31; I2= 66%, 7 studies, 345 participants) measured 2 to 12 weeks after treatment. Including an eighth study, which measured restlessness using a different scale, use of iron remained beneficial compared to placebo (SMD -0.74, 95% CI -1.26 to -0.23; I2 = 80%, 8 studies, 370 participants). The GRADE assessment of certainty for this outcome was moderate.The single study comparing iron to a dopamine agonist (pramipexole) found a similar reduction in RLS severity in the two groups (MD -0.40, 95% CI -5.93 to 5.13, 30 participants).Assessment of secondary outcomes was limited by small numbers of trials assessing each outcome. Iron did not improve quality of life as a dichotomous measure (RR 2.01, 95% CI 0.54 to 7.45; I2=54%, 2 studies, 39 participants), but did improve quality of life measured on continuous scales (SMD 0.51, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87; I2= 0%, 3 studies, 128 participants), compared to placebo. Subjective sleep quality was no different between iron and placebo groups (SMD 0.19, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.56; I2 = 9%, 3 studies, 128 participants), nor was objective sleep quality, as measured by change in sleep efficiency in a single study (-35.5 +/- 92.0 versus -41.4 +/- 98.2, 18 participants). Periodic limb movements of sleep were not significantly reduced with iron compared to placebo ( SMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.70 to 0.32; I2 = 0%, 2 studies, 60 participants). Iron did not improve sleepiness compared to placebo, as measured on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (data not provided, 1 study, 60 participants) but did improve the daytime tiredness item of the RLS-6 compared to placebo (least squares mean difference -1.5, 95% CI -2.5 to -0.6; 1 study, 110 participants). The GRADE rating for secondary outcomes ranged from low to very low.Prespecified subgroup analyses showed more improvement with iron in those trials studying participants on dialysis. The use of low serum ferritin levels as an inclusion criteria and the use or oral versus intravenous iron did not show significant subgroup differences.Iron did not result in significantly more adverse events than placebo (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.25; I2=45%, 6 studies, 298 participants). A single study reported that people treated with iron therapy experienced fewer adverse events than the active comparator pramipexole. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Iron therapy probably improves restlessness and RLS severity in comparison to placebo. Iron therapy may not increase the risk of side effects in comparison to placebo. We are uncertain whether iron therapy improves quality of life in comparison to placebo. Iron therapy may make little or no difference to pramipexole in restlessness and RLS severity, as well as in the risk of adverse events. The effect on secondary outcomes such as quality of life, daytime functioning, and sleep quality, the optimal timing and formulation of administration, and patient characteristics predicting response require additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Trotti
- Emory University School of MedicineDepartment of Neurology12 Executive Park Drive NEAtlantaUSA30329
| | - Lorne A Becker
- SUNY Upstate Medical UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine475 Irving AveSuite 200SyracuseNew YorkUSA13210
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28
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Matthews NH, Fitch K, Li WQ, Morris JS, Christiani DC, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Exposure to Trace Elements and Risk of Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:3-21. [PMID: 30297516 PMCID: PMC6324965 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental trace elements has been studied in relation to many cancers. However, an association between exposure to trace elements and skin cancer remains less understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of published epidemiologic literature examining the association between exposure to trace elements, and risk of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma in humans. We identified epidemiologic studies investigating exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, selenium, and zinc and risk of skin cancer in humans. Among the minerals, arsenic, selenium, and zinc had more than five studies available. Exposure to arsenic was associated with increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma, while too few studies existed on melanoma to draw conclusions. Exposure to selenium was associated with possible increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma. Studies of zinc and skin cancer were case-control in design and were found to have inconsistent associations. The data on the association between cadmium, chromium, copper, and iron and risk of skin cancer remain too sparse to draw any conclusions. In summary, epidemiologic studies on exposure to trace elements and cutaneous malignancies are limited. Studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are warranted to improve our knowledge of trace elements and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H Matthews
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Fitch
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - J Steven Morris
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri-Columbia and Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Well-functioning of fundamental life processes and human body required metal elements especially essential elements like copper, zinc, magnesium, etc. However, other elements are very toxic for physiological functions including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Recently, cumulative investigations have interested in the role of metal elements in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders especially anxiety and depression. Models of intoxication have been established to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of metal element exposure via acute and chronic intoxication by metals levels in rats. This method makes available a means to recognize the association between the element level in water, diet, or serum and psychiatric dysfunctions. It allows also to assess the neurobehavioral injuries of metals in animal models and may provide a new window to understand the role metals play in the development of mood and psychiatric disorders.the role metals play in the development of mood and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Tamegart
- Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.
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30
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Silver MK, Arain AL, Shao J, Chen M, Xia Y, Lozoff B, Meeker JD. Distribution and predictors of 20 toxic and essential metals in the umbilical cord blood of Chinese newborns. Chemosphere 2018; 210:1167-1175. [PMID: 30208542 PMCID: PMC6179361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to heavy metals and/or trace metal imbalances can have negative developmental effects. Here we sought to characterize exposure profiles for 20 heavy metals and trace elements in umbilical cord blood plasma and identify demographic predictors of exposure. Twenty metals were measured in cord plasma from 357 Chinese infants using ICP-MS. Relationships between demographic variables and metals were analyzed using generalized linear models and logistic regression. Ten metals (antimony [Sb], cobalt [Co], cesium [Cs], copper [Cu], lead [Pb], molybdenum [Mo], rubidium [Rb], selenium [Se], strontium [Sr], titanium [Ti], zinc [Zn]) were detected in all samples. Season of birth was the strongest predictor of metals in cord blood across analyses. Infants born in the spring had 0.1-0.2 μg L-1 higher logAs and logCo in their cord blood (β [95%CI] = 0.22 [0.01,0.42], p = 0.04; 0.11 [0.01,0.22], p = 0.04), while infants born in the summer had higher Sb, logB, logHg, and logZn (β [95%CI] = 0.74 [0.24,1.24], p = 0.004; 0.11 [0.00,0.21], p = 0.04; 0.29 [0.08,0.49], p = 0.007; 0.18 [0.06,0.31], p = 0.005), compared to those born in fall/winter. Prenatal heavy metal exposure and/or trace metal deficiencies are global concerns because of increasing awareness of downstream developmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica K Silver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aubrey L Arain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Nunes KZ, Fioresi M, Marques VB, Vassallo DV. Acute copper overload induces vascular dysfunction in aortic rings due to endothelial oxidative stress and increased nitric oxide production. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018; 81:218-228. [PMID: 29437543 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1437490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in vascular reactivity alterations promoted by copper (Cu) overload were investigated. Thoracic aorta obtained from male Wistar rats were cut into rings and exposed for 1 h to 10 µg/ml Cu. Exposure to Cu decreased the contractile responses of aortic rings to phenylephrine (PHE). Removal of endothelium and subsequent administration of N-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), tetrahydrobiopterin, aminoguanidine, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, catalase, or tetraethylammonium increased contractile responses. Incubation with apocinyn and tiron enhanced the sensitivity to PHE. Data demonstrated that high concentrations of Cu reduced PHE-mediated vascular reactivity which was associated with elevated production of nitric oxide (NO), which was attributed to activation of inducible NO synthase, and elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide probably related to a rise in superoxide dismutase activity and reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolini Zuqui Nunes
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitoria , Brazil
| | - Mirian Fioresi
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitoria , Brazil
- b Department of Nursing , Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitoria , Brazil
| | - Vinicius Bermond Marques
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitoria , Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitoria , Brazil
- c Health Science Centre of Vitória-EMESCAM , Vitória , Brazil
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Wish JB, Aronoff GR, Bacon BR, Brugnara C, Eckardt KU, Ganz T, Macdougall IC, Núñez J, Perahia AJ, Wood JC. Positive Iron Balance in Chronic Kidney Disease: How Much is Too Much and How to Tell? Am J Nephrol 2018; 47:72-83. [PMID: 29439253 DOI: 10.1159/000486968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of body iron occurs at cellular, tissue, and systemic levels. In healthy individuals, iron absorption and losses are minimal, creating a virtually closed system. In the setting of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis (HD), increased iron losses, reduced iron absorption, and limited iron availability lead to iron deficiency. Intravenous (IV) iron therapy is frequently prescribed to replace lost iron, but determining an individual's iron balance and stores can be challenging and imprecise, contributing to uncertainty about the long-term safety of IV iron therapy. SUMMARY Patients on HD receiving judicious doses of IV iron are likely to be in a state of positive iron balance, yet this does not appear to confer an overt risk for clinically relevant iron toxicity. The concomitant use of iron with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, the use of maintenance iron dosing regimens, and the reticuloendothelial distribution of hepatic iron deposition likely minimize the potential for iron toxicity in patients on HD. Key Messages: Because no single diagnostic test can, at present, accurately assess iron status and risk for toxicity, clinicians need to take an integrative approach to avoid iron doses that impose excessive exposure while ensuring sufficient replenishment of iron stores capable of overcoming hepcidin blockade and allowing for effective erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay B Wish
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - George R Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- DaVita Kidney Care, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Bruce R Bacon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Iain C Macdougall
- Department of Renal Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Núñez
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, CIBERCV and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adam J Perahia
- NorthStar Strategic Consulting, LLC, Gladstone, New Jersey, USA
| | - John C Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The association between the intake of trace metals and the risk of incident stones has not been longitudinally investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a prospective analysis of 193,551 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and the Nurses' Health Study I and II. During a followup of 3,316,580 person-years there was a total of 6,576 incident stones. We used multivariate regression models to identify associations of the intake of zinc, iron, copper and manganese with the risk of stones. In a subset of participants with 24-hour urine collections we examined the association between the intake of trace metals and urine composition. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment total and dietary intakes of zinc and iron were not significantly associated with incident stones. A higher intake of manganese was associated with a lower risk of stones. The pooled HR of the highest quintile of total manganese intake compared with the lowest intake was 0.82 (95% CI 0.68-0.98, p = 0.02). Total but not dietary copper intake was marginally associated with a higher risk of stones (pooled HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28, p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant associations of the total intake of manganese and copper with urinary supersaturation. CONCLUSIONS Zinc and iron intake was not associated with a risk of stones. Copper intake may be associated with a higher risk in some individuals. Higher total manganese intake was associated with a lower risk of stones but not with traditional 24-hour urinary composite markers of stone risk. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which manganese may reduce kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Nefrologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Nefrologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric N Taylor
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is the third update of the Cochrane review "Selenium for preventing cancer". Selenium is a naturally occurring element with both nutritional and toxicological properties. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancer. OBJECTIVES To gather and present evidence needed to address two research questions:1. What is the aetiological relationship between selenium exposure and cancer risk in humans?2. Describe the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans. SEARCH METHODS We updated electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 2), MEDLINE (Ovid, 2013 to January 2017, week 4), and Embase (2013 to 2017, week 6), as well as searches of clinical trial registries. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies that enrolled adult participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We performed random-effects (RE) meta-analyses when two or more RCTs were available for a specific outcome. We conducted RE meta-analyses when five or more observational studies were available for a specific outcome. We assessed risk of bias in RCTs and in observational studies using Cochrane's risk assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. We considered in the primary analysis data pooled from RCTs with low risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of evidence by using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 83 studies in this updated review: two additional RCTs (10 in total) and a few additional trial reports for previously included studies. RCTs involved 27,232 participants allocated to either selenium supplements or placebo. For analyses of RCTs with low risk of bias, the summary risk ratio (RR) for any cancer incidence was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.10; 3 studies, 19,475 participants; high-certainty evidence). The RR for estimated cancer mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.30; 1 study, 17,444 participants). For the most frequently investigated site-specific cancers, investigators provided little evidence of any effect of selenium supplementation. Two RCTs with 19,009 participants indicated that colorectal cancer was unaffected by selenium administration (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.43), as were non-melanoma skin cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.30 to 4.42; 2 studies, 2027 participants), lung cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.50; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), breast cancer (RR 2.04, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.55; 1 study, 802 participants), bladder cancer (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.52; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), and prostate cancer (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14; 4 studies, 18,942 participants). Certainty of the evidence was high for all of these cancer sites, except for breast cancer, which was of moderate certainty owing to imprecision, and non-melanoma skin cancer, which we judged as moderate certainty owing to high heterogeneity. RCTs with low risk of bias suggested increased melanoma risk.Results for most outcomes were similar when we included all RCTs in the meta-analysis, regardless of risk of bias. Selenium supplementation did not reduce overall cancer incidence (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.14; 5 studies, 21,860 participants) nor mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32; 2 studies, 18,698 participants). Summary RRs for site-specific cancers showed limited changes compared with estimates from high-quality studies alone, except for liver cancer, for which results were reversed.In the largest trial, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Trial, selenium supplementation increased risks of alopecia and dermatitis, and for participants with highest background selenium status, supplementation also increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. RCTs showed a slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with supplementation. A hypothesis generated by the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial - that individuals with low blood selenium levels could reduce their risk of cancer (particularly prostate cancer) by increasing selenium intake - has not been confirmed. As RCT participants have been overwhelmingly male (88%), we could not assess the potential influence of sex or gender.We included 15 additional observational cohort studies (70 in total; over 2,360,000 participants). We found that lower cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93; 7 studies, 76,239 participants) and lower cancer mortality (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; 7 studies, 183,863 participants) were associated with the highest category of selenium exposure compared with the lowest. Cancer incidence was lower in men (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.14, 4 studies, 29,365 men) than in women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77, 2 studies, 18,244 women). Data show a decrease in risk of site-specific cancers for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers. However, these studies have major weaknesses due to study design, exposure misclassification, and potential unmeasured confounding due to lifestyle or nutritional factors covarying with selenium exposure beyond those taken into account in multi-variable analyses. In addition, no evidence of a dose-response relation between selenium status and cancer risk emerged. Certainty of evidence was very low for each outcome. Some studies suggested that genetic factors might modify the relation between selenium and cancer risk - an issue that merits further investigation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Well-designed and well-conducted RCTs have shown no beneficial effect of selenium supplements in reducing cancer risk (high certainty of evidence). Some RCTs have raised concerns by reporting a higher incidence of high-grade prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes in participants with selenium supplementation. No clear evidence of an influence of baseline participant selenium status on outcomes has emerged in these studies.Observational longitudinal studies have shown an inverse association between selenium exposure and risk of some cancer types, but null and direct relations have also been reported, and no systematic pattern suggesting dose-response relations has emerged. These studies suffer from limitations inherent to the observational design, including exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding.Overall, there is no evidence to suggest that increasing selenium intake through diet or supplementation prevents cancer in humans. However, more research is needed to assess whether selenium may modify the risk of cancer in individuals with a specific genetic background or nutritional status, and to investigate possible differential effects of various forms of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology715 Albany StreetBoston, MAUSA02118
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- University of BernInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)Gesellschaftsstrasse 49BernSwitzerland3012
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Gabriele Dennert
- University of Applied Sciences DortmundSocial Medicine and Public Health with Focus on Gender and Diversity, Department of Applied Social SciencesEmil‐Figge‐Str. 44DortmundGermanyD‐44227
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- University of BernInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)Finkelhubelweg11BernSwitzerland3012
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Nutrition Biomed Research InstituteDepartment of Nutritional Epidemiology and Clinical StudiesArgyle Place SouthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3053
- Chairgroup of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Care and Public Health Research InstituteUnit of Nutritional and Cancer EpidemiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | | | - Markus Horneber
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum NurembergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and HematologyProf.‐Ernst‐Nathan‐Str. 1NurembergGermanyD‐90419
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- University of California Los AngelesBiostatisticsFielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive South, A2‐125 CHS, Box 956900Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA90095‐6900
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Kim M, Lee Y, Park K. Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use among Korean Adults: Baseline Data from the Trace Element Study of Korean Adults in Yeungnam Area. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010050. [PMID: 29316608 PMCID: PMC5793278 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dietary supplement use is believed to improve health status, the efficacy and safety of its use remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) to the total micronutrient intake. Study participants (n = 586) were selected from the ongoing prospective cohort study of the Korean population, and baseline information on current use of dietary supplements, types of supplements, frequency of use, dosage, duration, and brand name was collected. Dietary information was assessed using a 146-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Approximately one-fourth of the participants were categorized as VMS users. The proportion of VMS use was significantly higher in women (p = 0.02), older participants (p = 0.002), and those with a higher income level (p = 0.03) than in non-users. All vitamin and mineral intakes of both groups met the recommended nutrient intake levels by food consumption alone, except for riboflavin, calcium, and magnesium. Approximately 0.7-3.4% of the VMS users had nutrient intake levels that exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin A, E, C, iron, and iodine. Excessive use of VMS can lead to an increased risk for adverse health effects. The results of this study provide useful baseline data for establishing guidelines for the appropriate consumption and adequate intake levels of VMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
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Bertucci A, Pierron F, Thébault J, Klopp C, Bellec J, Gonzalez P, Baudrimont M. Transcriptomic responses of the endangered freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera to trace metal contamination in the Dronne River, France. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27145-27159. [PMID: 28963680 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is one of the most threatened freshwater bivalves worldwide. In this study, we aimed (i) to study the processes by which water quality might affect freshwater mussels in situ and (ii) to provide insights into the ecotoxicological significance of water pollution to natural populations in order to provide necessary information to enhance conservation strategies. M. margaritifera specimens were sampled in two close sites located upstream or downstream from an illegal dumping site. The renal transcriptome of these animals was assembled and gene transcription determined by RNA-seq. Correlations between transcription levels of each single transcript and the bioaccumulation of nine trace metals, age (estimated by sclerochronology), and condition index were determined in order to identify genes likely to respond to a specific factor. Amongst the studied metals, Cr, Zn, Cd, and Ni were the main factors correlated with transcription levels, with effects on translation, apoptosis, immune response, response to stimulus, and transport pathways. However, the main factor explaining changes in gene transcription appeared to be the age of individuals with a negative correlation with the transcription of retrotransposon-related genes. To investigate this effect further, mussels were classified into three age classes. In young, middle-aged and old animals, transcription levels were mainly explained by Cu, Zn and age, respectively. This suggests differences in the molecular responses of this species to metals during its lifetime that must be better assessed in future ecotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Pierron
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Julien Thébault
- Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plate-forme bio-informatique Genotoul, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, INRA, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Bellec
- Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), 29280, Plouzané, France
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Munyangane P, Mouri H, Kramers J. Assessment of some potential harmful trace elements (PHTEs) in the borehole water of Greater Giyani, Limpopo Province, South Africa: possible implications for human health. Environ Geochem Health 2017; 39:1201-1219. [PMID: 27744552 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the occurrence and distribution patterns of some potentially harmful trace elements in the borehole water of the Greater Giyani area, Limpopo, South Africa, and their possible implications on human health. Twenty-nine borehole water samples were collected in the dry season (July/August 2012) and another 27 samples from the same localities in the wet season (March 2013) from the study area. The samples were analysed for trace elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. The average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Se, and Pb were 11.3, 0.3, 33.1, 7.1, and 6.0 µg/L in the dry season and 11.0, 0.3, 28.3, 4.2, and 6.6 µg/L in the wet season, respectively. There was evidence of seasonal fluctuations in concentrations of all analysed elements except for As, though Cd and Pb displayed low concentrations (<0.2 and <6.0 µg/L, respectively) in almost all sampled boreholes. Se and Cr concentrations slightly exceed the South African National Standard permissible limits for safe drinking water in few boreholes. A total of four boreholes exceeded the water quality guideline for As with two of these boreholes containing five times more As than the prescribed limit. The spatial distribution patterns of elevated As closely correlate with the underlying geology. The findings of this investigation have important implications for human health of the communities drinking from the affected boreholes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia Munyangane
- Limpopo Unit, Council for Geoscience, 30A Schoeman Street, Polokwane, 0700, South Africa
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Hassina Mouri
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Jan Kramers
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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Abstract
Trace metals play an important role in the proper functioning of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Some of the trace metals are thus essential for maintaining homeostasis, while deficiency of these trace metals can cause disorders with metabolic and physiological imbalances. This article concentrates on three trace metals (selenium, vanadium, and chromium) that may play crucial roles in controlling blood glucose concentrations possibly through their insulin-mimetic effects. For these trace metals, the level of evidence available for their health effects as supplements is weak. Thus, their potential is not fully exploited for the target of metabolic syndrome, a constellation that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Given that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing throughout the world, a simpler option of interventions with food supplemented with well-studied trace metals could serve as an answer to this problem. The oxidation state and coordination chemistry play crucial roles in defining the responses to these trace metals, so further research is warranted to understand fully their metabolic and cardiovascular effects in human metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Panchal
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Stephen Wanyonyi
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia.
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Merrill PD, Ampah SB, He K, Rembert NJ, Brockman J, Kleindorfer D, McClure LA. Association between trace elements in the environment and stroke risk: The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 42:45-49. [PMID: 28595791 PMCID: PMC5481160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disparities in stroke mortality between blacks and whites, as well as the increased stroke mortality in the "stroke belt" have long been noted. The reasons for these disparities have yet to be fully explained. The association between trace element status and cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, has been suggested as a possible contributor to the disparities in stroke mortality but has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate distributions of four trace elements (arsenic, mercury, magnesium, and selenium) in the environment in relation to stroke risk. The study population (N=27,770) is drawn from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Environmental distribution of each trace element was determined using data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and was categorized in quartiles. A proportional hazards model, adjusted for demographic data and stroke risk factors, was used to examine the association of interest. The results showed that higher selenium levels in the environment were associated with increased stroke risk, and the hazard ratio for the 4th quartile compared to the 1st quartile was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.62). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between environmental arsenic, mercury or magnesium and the risk of stroke. Because of dietary and non-dietary exposure as well as bioavailability, further research using biomarkers is warranted to examine the association between these trace elements and the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Merrill
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Steve B Ampah
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Nicole J Rembert
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - John Brockman
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Dawn Kleindorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish the changes in the incidence and characteristics of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (II-Hyper) and iodine-induced hypothyroidism (II-Hypo) in the two-year period before and the 10-year period after the increase in mandatory salt iodization from the previous 10 mg/kg of potassium iodide to 25 mg/kg in 1999. Furthermore, the aim was to determine the duration of treatment in II-Hyper patients, since no data regarding severity and treatment of II-Hyper with respect to iodine supply are available. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed medical records of 885 Slovenian patients first diagnosed with II-Hyper or II-Hypo between 1998 and 2009 at the Thyroid Department of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana. II-Hyper and II-Hypo were diagnosed by one out of 10 senior internal medicine specialists. The diagnosis was based on an adequate patient history, and laboratory measurements of thyrotropin, thyroid hormones, and thyroid antibodies. In most cases, thyroid ultrasound and thyroid scintigraphy were performed. Demographic characteristics and the type and the duration of treatment were also reviewed. RESULTS The incidence of II-Hypo was significantly higher after the increase in iodine supply than it was before (p < 0.001). After the increase in iodine supply, the incidence of II-Hyper was significantly lower than before the increase (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the portion of patients with overt hyperthyroidism decreased, predominantly due to the increased proportion of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (p = 0.007 and p = 0.015, respectively). The duration of treatment with antithyroid drugs and perchlorate was significantly shorter after the increase in iodine supply than it was before (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). A significantly positive correlation between the year of the occurrence of excessive iodine intake (EII)-induced thyroid disease and the duration of treatment with amiodarone was found (R = 0.132; p = 0.048), suggesting that the longer the patients had an adequate iodine supply, the longer they could take amiodarone before EII-induced thyroid disorder developed. CONCLUSIONS After the increase in iodine supply, a higher incidence of II-Hypo and a lower incidence of II-Hyper were observed than before the increase. Less severe II-Hyper, shorter duration of treatment of II-Hyper, as well as a longer thyroid disease-free period in patients on amiodarone are additional beneficial clinical consequences after the establishment of an adequate iodine supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Bajuk
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Zaletel
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Edvard Pirnat
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Hojker
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Gaberšček
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of hyperglycemia in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) often includes the addition of regular insulin to the PN solution. A literature review has shown insulin availability in such solutions to range from 10% to 95%. This discrepancy in availability may be due to differences in the composition of the PN solution, the final concentration of insulin, or the assay method used to determine insulin concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate insulin recovery from a standard PN solution used at our medical center. METHODS Solutions were manually prepared in our pharmacy according to standard practice. Multivitamins and trace elements were added to 1 of 2 L of solution each day. Each of 3 simulated patients received 2 L of solution per day for 3 consecutive days. Samples from each bottle were drawn at baseline, 1 hour after the start of infusion, and 1 hour before the end of infusion and were subsequently analyzed for immunoreactive insulin levels by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Recovery of insulin from solutions containing multivitamins and trace elements was much greater (95%) than from those without (5%). CONCLUSIONS The presence of multivitamins and trace elements is a major determinant of insulin availability in PN solutions. Additional research is necessary to determine the mechanism mediating this effect and to assess its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Christianson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A cross sectional study was conducted in a group of 317 subjects older than 60 in Malaysia, aimed to determine risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in older adults, focusing on trace elements and DNA damage. METHOD Cognitive decline was determined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde-MDA and superoxide dismutase-SOD) were determined and DNA damage was assayed using Alkaline Comet Assay. Toenail samples were taken and analyzed using ICP-MS to determine trace element levels. RESULTS A total of 62.1 % of subjects had cognitive impairment. Subjects with cognitive impairment had significantly higher levels of MDA and DNA damage as compared to the group with normal cognitive function; MDA (2.07 ± 0.05 nmol/L vs 1.85 ± 0.06 nmol/L) (p<0.05) and DNA damage (% Tail Density, 14.52 ± 0.32 vs 10.31 ± 0.42; Tail Moment, 1.79 ± 0.06 vs 1.28 ± 0.06) (p<0.05 for all parameters). However, the level of SOD among subjects with cognitive impairment (6.67 ± 0.33 u.e/min/mg protein) was lower than the level among those with normal cognitive functions (11.36 ± 0.65 u.e/min/mg protein) (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression revealed the predictors for cognitive impairment among the subjects were DNA damage (Adjusted odd ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.59), level of trace elements in toenails namely, lead (OR, 2.471; CI, 1.535-3.980) and copper (OR, 1.275; CI, 1.047-1.552) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION High levels of lead and copper can lead to increase in oxidative stress levels and are associated with DNA damage that eventually could be associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meramat
- Dr. Razinah Sharif, Programme of Nutritional Science, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Telephone: +603-9289-7459, Fax number: +603-2694-7621, Email address:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries, diarrhoea causes around 500,000 child deaths annually. Zinc supplementation during acute diarrhoea is currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). OBJECTIVES To evaluate oral zinc supplementation for treating children with acute or persistent diarrhoea. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library 2016, Issue 5), MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, mRCT, and reference lists up to 30 September 2016. We also contacted researchers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared oral zinc supplementation with placebo in children aged one month to five years with acute or persistent diarrhoea, including dysentery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both review authors assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias, extracted and analysed data, and drafted the review. The primary outcomes were diarrhoea duration and severity. We summarized dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes using mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses (using either a fixed-effect or random-effects model) and assessed heterogeneity.We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-three trials that included 10,841 children met our inclusion criteria. Most included trials were conducted in Asian countries that were at high risk of zinc deficiency. Acute diarrhoeaThere is currently not enough evidence from well-conducted RCTs to be able to say whether zinc supplementation during acute diarrhoea reduces death or number of children hospitalized (very low certainty evidence).In children older than six months of age, zinc supplementation may shorten the average duration of diarrhoea by around half a day (MD -11.46 hours, 95% CI -19.72 to -3.19; 2581 children, 9 trials, low certainty evidence), and probably reduces the number of children whose diarrhoea persists until day seven (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.88; 3865 children, 6 trials, moderate certainty evidence). In children with signs of malnutrition the effect appears greater, reducing the duration of diarrhoea by around a day (MD -26.39 hours, 95% CI -36.54 to -16.23; 419 children, 5 trials, high certainty evidence).Conversely, in children younger than six months of age, the available evidence suggests zinc supplementation may have no effect on the mean duration of diarrhoea (MD 5.23 hours, 95% CI -4.00 to 14.45; 1334 children, 2 trials, moderate certainty evidence), or the number of children who still have diarrhoea on day seven (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.54; 1074 children, 1 trial, moderate certainty evidence).None of the included trials reported serious adverse events. However, zinc supplementation increased the risk of vomiting in both age groups (children greater than six months of age: RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.86; 2605 children, 6 trials, moderate certainty evidence; children less than six months of age: RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.24; 1334 children, 2 trials, moderate certainty evidence). Persistent diarrhoeaIn children with persistent diarrhoea, zinc supplementation probably shortens the average duration of diarrhoea by around 16 hours (MD -15.84 hours, 95% CI -25.43 to -6.24; 529 children, 5 trials, moderate certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In areas where the prevalence of zinc deficiency or the prevalence of malnutrition is high, zinc may be of benefit in children aged six months or more. The current evidence does not support the use of zinc supplementation in children less six months of age, in well-nourished children, and in settings where children are at low risk of zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Lazzerini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo GarofoloWHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child HealthVia dell'Istria 65/1, 34137TriesteItaly
| | - Humphrey Wanzira
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo GarofoloWHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child HealthVia dell'Istria 65/1, 34137TriesteItaly
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Grzunov Letinić J, Matek Sarić M, Piasek M, Jurasović J, Varnai VM, Sulimanec Grgec A, Orct T. Use of human milk in the assessment of toxic metal exposure and essential element status in breastfeeding women and their infants in coastal Croatia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:117-125. [PMID: 27522529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant and lactating women and infants are vulnerable population groups for adverse effects of toxic metals due to their high nutritional needs and the resultant increased gastrointestinal absorption of both, essential and toxic elements. Although breastfeeding is recommended for infants worldwide, as human milk is the best source of nutrients and other required bioactive factors, it is also a pathway of maternal excretion of toxic substances including toxic metals and thus a source of infant exposure. The aim of this research was to assess health risks in breastfeeding women in the coastal area of the Republic of Croatia and their infants (N=107) due to maternal exposure to Cd and Pb via cigarette smoking, and Hg via seafood and dental amalgam fillings, and their interaction with essential elements. Biological markers of exposure were the concentrations of main toxic metals Pb, Cd and Hg in maternal blood and three types of breast milk throughout lactation stages. Biological markers of effects were the levels of essential elements Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in maternal serum and breast milk. With regard to cigarette smoking as a source of exposure to Cd and Pb, there were effects of smoking on Cd concentration in blood and correlations between the smoking index and Cd concentrations in maternal blood (ρ=0.593; P<0.001) and mature milk (ρ=0.271; P=0.011) and Pb concentration in transitional milk (ρ=0.280; P=0.042). Regarding fish, we found correlations between weekly consumption frequency and total Hg concentrations in maternal blood (ρ=0.292; P=0.003) and mature milk (ρ=0.303; P=0.003). The number of dental amalgam fillings correlated with total Hg concentrations in colostrum (ρ=0.489; P=0.005) and transitional milk (ρ=0.309; P=0.018). As for the essential element status, only Se levels in maternal serum decreased by 10% in persons who continued smoking during pregnancy compared to non-smokers. In conclusion, the levels of main toxic metals Cd, Pb and Hg and essential elements Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in maternal blood and three types of breast milk samples in the studied area of coastal Croatia showed no risk of disrupted essential element levels with regard of toxic metal exposure in both breastfeeding women and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijana Matek Sarić
- University of Zadar, Department for Health Studies, Splitska 1, HR-23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Martina Piasek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veda Marija Varnai
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Sulimanec Grgec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
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Llagostera I, Cervantes D, Sanmartí N, Romero J, Pérez M. Effects of Copper Exposure on Photosynthesis and Growth of the Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa: An Experimental Assessment. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 97:374-9. [PMID: 27370819 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses form some of the most important coastal habitats. They may be negatively affected by trace metal contamination in certain coastal areas. In this study we experimentally assessed selected morphological and physiological traits of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa, with increasing concentrations of copper (Cu) under controlled laboratory conditions. Short term (21 days) sub-lethal effects such as decreased maximum quantum yield, increased leaf necrosis and decreased shoot growth and shoot recruitment were clearly observed at the highest Cu exposure (5 mg L(-1)), while the effects were weaker at the intermediate concentration (2.5 mg L(-1)) and almost absent at the lowest concentration (1 mg L(-1)), indicating that this species is highly tolerant to copper exposure, at least in the short term. This fact could help to explain its distribution in relatively polluted coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Llagostera
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Cervantes
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Sanmartí
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Romero
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Paganini D, Uyoga MA, Zimmermann MB. Iron Fortification of Foods for Infants and Children in Low-Income Countries: Effects on the Gut Microbiome, Gut Inflammation, and Diarrhea. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080494. [PMID: 27529276 PMCID: PMC4997407 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common among infants and children in Sub-Saharan Africa and is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, as well as a hindrance to national development. In-home iron fortification of complementary foods using micronutrient powders (MNPs) effectively reduces the risk for IDA by ensuring that the iron needs of infants and young children are met without changing their traditional diet. However, the iron dose delivered by MNPs is high, and comparable on a mg iron per kg body weight to the supplemental doses (2 mg/kg) typically given to older children, which increases diarrhea risk. In controlled studies, iron-containing MNPs modestly increase risk for diarrhea in infants; in some cases, the diarrhea is severe and may require hospitalization. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies provide insights into the mechanism of this effect. Provision of iron fortificants to school-age children and iron-containing MNPs to weaning infants decreases the number of beneficial ‘barrier’ commensal gut bacteria (e.g., bifidobacteria), increases the enterobacteria to bifidobacteria ratio and abundances of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., pathogenic Escherichia coli), and induces gut inflammation. Thus, although iron-containing MNPs are highly effective in reducing IDA, they may increase gastrointestinal morbidity in infants, and safer formulations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Paganini
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Mary A Uyoga
- College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
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Aziz MA, Adnan M, Begum S, Azizullah A, Nazir R, Iram S. A review on the elemental contents of Pakistani medicinal plants: Implications for folk medicines. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 188:177-192. [PMID: 27174080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Substantially, plants produce chemicals such as primary and secondary metabolites, which have significant applications in modern therapy. Indigenous people mostly rely on traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants. These plants have the capacity to absorb a variety of toxic elements. The ingestion of such plants for medicinal purpose can have imperative side effects. Hence, with regard to the toxicological consideration of medicinal plants, an effort has been made to review the elemental contents of ethno medicinally important plants of Pakistan and to highlight the existing gaps in knowledge of the safety and efficacy of traditional herbal medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature related to the elemental contents of ethno medicinal plants was acquired by utilizing electronic databases. We reviewed only macro-elemental and trace elemental contents of 69 medicinal plant taxa, which are traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of sundry ailments, including anemia, jaundice, cancer, piles, diarrhea, dysentery, headache, diabetes, asthma, blood purification, sedative and ulcer. RESULTS A majority of plants showed elemental contents above the permissible levels as recommended by the World health organization (WHO). As an example, the concentrations of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) were reportedly found higher than the WHO permissible levels in 43 and 42 medicinal plants, respectively. More specifically, the concentrations of Pb (54ppm: Silybum marianum) and Cd (5.25ppm: Artemisia herba-alba) were found highest in the Asteraceae family. CONCLUSIONS The reported medicinal plants contain a higher amount of trace and toxic elements. Intake of these plants as traditional medicines may trigger the accumulation of trace and toxic elements in human bodies, which can cause different types of diseases. Thus, a clear understanding about the nature of toxic substances and factors affecting their concentrations in traditional medicines are essential prerequisites for efficacious herbal therapeutics with lesser or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Aziz
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Begum
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Ruqia Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Iram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
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Salsano F, Francia C, Roumpedaki I, Proietti M, Pisarri S, Verna N, Gabriele E, Di Gioacchino G, Di Gioacchino M. Immune Effects of Nickel. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:63-9. [PMID: 15345194 DOI: 10.1177/03946320040170s211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on nickel immunomodulation are contradictory. The most consistent immune effects are suppression of immune responses. It has been show that T-lymphocytes and NK cells are more susceptible to nickel toxicity than are B lymphocytes or macrophages. Data reported about cytokine production in human and nickel reactive T-cell clones are also conflicting. Some authors studied cytokine production PBMC cultures of nickel allergic individuals after stimulation with NiSo4. They showed a higher synthesis of IL4, IL5 and IL13 but not of IFN gamma and TNFα in Ni allergic subjects. We found that the addiction of NiSo4 to the PBMC cultures of non sensitised subjects induces a reduction of release of IL5, IFN γ and TNFα. Our studies demonstrate a clear difference in NK cell activity between nickel-tolerant and intolerant individuals. In particular NK cell activity in reduced in sensitised patients respect to the normal subjects and the addition of Ni to the PBMC cultures induce a significant decrease of NK cell activity. The decrease was greater in cell derived from allergic subjects than non allergic. In conclusion, reported data show Ni has immunotoxic potential. Researches are in progress in an attempt to correlate the present data with other immune parameters and to measure the effects of a Ni free diet on the immune system of subjects with Ni intolerance. The comprehension of the mechanisms inducing these changes requires further studies in the uptake and intracellular distribution and binding of the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Salsano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergology Section, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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49
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Niu Q, Shuchang H, Sheng W, Di Gioacchino M, Verna N, Volpe AR, Di Giampaolo L, Carmignani M, Boscolo P. Neurobehavioral Functions, Serum Prolactin and Plasma Renin Activity of Manganese-Exposed Workers. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:17-24. [PMID: 15345187 DOI: 10.1177/03946320040170s204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective of this study was to assess effects of manganese (Mn) exposure on 56 workers employed in a Mn welding workshop of a machine building factory in Taiyuan (Shanxi Province, P.R. China) for a mean period of 16.1 years. The mean air Mn level in the workshop was 138.4 μg/m3. Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB), including the Profile of Mood States (POMS), was performed. Blood pressure (BP) increase following immediate stand-up (BP-IS), serum prolactin (PRL) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in supine position were also determined. Most of the NCTB scores of the Mn-exposed workers were lower than those of the controls, while the POMS scores were higher, indicating a Mn-induced impairment of neurophysiological functions and a deflection of mood towards negative emotion states. PRL values of the Mn-exposed workers were higher than those of the controls. BP-IS of Mn-exposed workers was significantly lower than that of the controls. PRA of the same workers was augmented more than 200 %. In the Mn-exposed workers, the higher PRL values are possibly due to a reduced inhibitory effect on pituitary lactotrope cells by the tubero-infundibular dopamine system; the decreased BP-IS was referred to imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, whereas the higher basal PRA was thought to depend on neuroendocrine changes (including increased central sympathetic tone) and/or on a direct effect of Mn on renal juxta-glomerular cells. On the whole, this study demonstrates that occupational Mn exposure is responsible for neurobehavioral changes coexisting with alterations of neuroendocrine and humoral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiwan, (PR China)
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50
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Baati T, Al-Kattan A, Esteve MA, Njim L, Ryabchikov Y, Chaspoul F, Hammami M, Sentis M, Kabashin AV, Braguer D. Ultrapure laser-synthesized Si-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: in vivo assessment of safety and biodistribution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25400. [PMID: 27151839 PMCID: PMC4858730 DOI: 10.1038/srep25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Si/SiOx nanoparticles (NPs) produced by laser ablation in deionized water or aqueous biocompatible solutions present a novel extremely promising object for biomedical applications, but the interaction of these NPs with biological systems has not yet been systematically examined. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of biodistribution, biodegradability and toxicity of laser-synthesized Si-SiOx nanoparticles using a small animal model. Despite a relatively high dose of Si-NPs (20 mg/kg) administered intravenously in mice, all controlled parameters (serum, enzymatic, histological etc.) were found to be within safe limits 3 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after the administration. We also determined that the nanoparticles are rapidly sequestered by the liver and spleen, then further biodegraded and directly eliminated in urine without any toxicity effects. Finally, we found that intracellular accumulation of Si-NPs does not induce any oxidative stress damage. Our results evidence a huge potential in using these safe and biodegradable NPs in biomedical applications, in particular as vectors, contrast agents and sensitizers in cancer therapy and diagnostics (theranostics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Baati
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 boul. Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie-Anne Esteve
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 boul. Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone, 254 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Leila Njim
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique, CHU Monastir 5000, Tunisie
| | - Yury Ryabchikov
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Chaspoul
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7263, Unité Chimie Physique, Prévention des Risques et Nuisances Technologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratoire des substances naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d’Analyse Physicochimique, Sidi Thabet, 2020 Tunisie
| | - Marc Sentis
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
- National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), International Laboratory “Bionanophotonics”,31 Kashirskoe sh., 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Diane Braguer
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 boul. Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone, 254 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
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