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Larrouquère L, Berthier S, Chovelon B, Garrel C, Vacchina V, Paucot H, Boutonnat J, Faure P, Hazane-Puch F. Preclinical Evaluation of Sodium Selenite in Mice: Toxicological and Tumor Regression Studies after Striatum Implantation of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910646. [PMID: 34638987 PMCID: PMC8508933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma, with a very poor prognosis; as such, efforts to explore new treatments and GBM’s etiology are a priority. We previously described human GBM cells (R2J-GS) as exhibiting the properties of cancer stem cells (growing in serum-free medium and proliferating into nude mice when orthotopically grafted). Sodium selenite (SS)—an in vitro attractive agent for cancer therapy against GBM—was evaluated in R2J-GS cells. To go further, we launched a preclinical study: SS was given orally, in an escalation-dose study (2.25 to 10.125 mg/kg/day, 5 days on, 2 days off, and 5 days on), to evaluate (1) the absorption of selenium in plasma and organs (brain, kidney, liver, and lung) and (2) the SS toxicity. A 6.75 mg/kg SS dose was chosen to perform a tumor regression assay, followed by MRI, in R2J-GS cells orthotopically implanted in nude mice, as this dose was nontoxic and increased brain selenium concentration. A group receiving TMZ (5 mg/kg) was led in parallel. Although not reaching statistical significance, the group of mice treated with SS showed a slower tumor growth vs. the control group (p = 0.08). No difference was observed between the TMZ and control groups. We provide new insights of the mechanisms of SS and its possible use in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Larrouquère
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, 69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Sylvie Berthier
- Cytometry Platform, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (J.B.)
- Unit of Anatomopathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 380000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Hugues Paucot
- University of Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, FORCO, Bâtiment d’Alembert-Rue Jules Ferry, BP 27540-64075 Pau CEDEX, France;
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Cytometry Platform, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (J.B.)
- Unit of Anatomopathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 380000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Hazane-Puch
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-476769316
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Valent P, Bauer K, Sadovnik I, Smiljkovic D, Ivanov D, Herrmann H, Filik Y, Eisenwort G, Sperr WR, Rabitsch W. Cell-based and antibody-mediated immunotherapies directed against leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: Perspectives and open issues. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1331-1343. [PMID: 32657052 PMCID: PMC7581453 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new insights in molecular features of leukemic cells and the availability of novel treatment approaches and drugs, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a major clinical challenge. In fact, many patients with AML relapse after standard therapy and eventually die from progressive disease. The basic concept of leukemic stem cells (LSC) has been coined with the goal to decipher clonal architectures in various leukemia-models and to develop curative drug therapies by eliminating LSC. Indeed, during the past few years, various immunotherapies have been tested in AML, and several of these therapies follow the strategy to eliminate relevant leukemic subclones by introducing LSC-targeting antibodies or LSC-targeting immune cells. These therapies include, among others, new generations of LSC-eliminating antibody-constructs, checkpoint-targeting antibodies, bi-specific antibodies, and CAR-T or CAR-NK cell-based strategies. However, responses are often limited and/or transient which may be due to LSC resistance. Indeed, AML LSC exhibit multiple forms of resistance against various drugs and immunotherapies. An additional problems are treatment-induced myelotoxicity and other side effects. The current article provides a short overview of immunological targets expressed on LSC in AML. Moreover, cell-based therapies and immunotherapies tested in AML are discussed. Finally, the article provides an overview about LSC resistance and strategies to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Ivanov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Radiation OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yüksel Filik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Werner Rabitsch
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Stem Cell Transplantation UnitMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Chang JY, Kim JH, Kang J, Park Y, Park SJ, Cheon JH, Kim WH, Kim H, Park JJ, Kim TI. mTOR Signaling Combined with Cancer Stem Cell Markers as a Survival Predictor in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:572-578. [PMID: 32608200 PMCID: PMC7329744 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.7.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wnt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are major molecular signaling pathways associated with the development and progression of tumor, as well as the maintenance and proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying patients at risk of poor prognosis is important to determining whether to add adjuvant treatment in stage II CRC and thus improve survival. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of Wnt, mTOR, and CSC markers as survival predictors in stage II CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 148 cases of stage II CRC and acquired their tumor tissue. Tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical staining were constructed, and the expressions of CD166, CD44, EphB2, β-catenin, pS6 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The expressions of CD166 (p=0.045) and pS6 (p=0.045) and co-expression of pS6/CD166 (p=0.005), pS6/CD44 (p=0.042), and pS6/CD44/CD166 (p=0.013) were negatively correlated with cancer-specific survival. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed the combination of CD166/pS6 [hazard ratio, 9.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.36-37.59; p=0.002] to be the most significant predictor related with decreased cancer-specific survival. In addition, co-expression of CD44/CD166 (p=0.017), CD166/β-catenin (p=0.036), CD44/β-catenin (p=0.001), and CD44/CD166/β-catenin (p=0.001) were significant factors associated with liver metastasis. CONCLUSION Specific combinations of CSC markers and β-catenin/mTOR signaling could be a significant predictor of poor survival in stage II CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joyeon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yehyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak A, Kobiela J, Łaski D, Śledziński Z, Kmieć Z. Cancer stem cells as targets for DC-based immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12042. [PMID: 30104575 PMCID: PMC6089981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is often unsuccessful because of the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) resistant to conventional approaches. Dendritic cells (DC)-based protocols are believed to effectively supplement CRC therapy. Our study was aimed to assess how the number and properties of CSCs isolated from tumor tissue of CRC patients will affect the biological characteristics of in vitro modified DCs. Similar procedures were conducted with the using of CRC HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. We found that the detailed configuration of CSC-like markers significantly influenced the maturation and activation of DCs after stimulation with cancer cells lysates or culture supernatants. This basic stimulatory effect was enhanced by LPS that is normally present in CRC CSCs niche. The increased number of CD29+ and CD44+ CSCs presented the opposite impact on treated DCs as showed by many significant correlations. The CD133+ CSCs seemed to impair the functions of DCs. The more CD133+ CSCs in tumor sample the lower number of activated DCs evidenced after stimulation. Moreover, our results showed superiority of the spherical culture model over the adherent one since spherical HCT116 and HT29 cells presented similar influence on DCs properties as CRC patients cancer cells. We concluded that the DCs features may depend directly on the properties of CSCs affected by progression status of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Łaski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Śledziński
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
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Griessinger E, Vargaftig J, Horswell S, Taussig DC, Gribben J, Bonnet D. Acute myeloid leukemia xenograft success prediction: Saving time. Exp Hematol 2018; 59:66-71.e4. [PMID: 29253573 PMCID: PMC5861995 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenograft assay allows functional analysis of leukemia-initiating cells of acute myeloid leukemia primary samples. However, 40% of samples derived from patients with better outcomes fail to engraft in immunodeficient mouse recipients when conventional protocols are followed. At diagnosis, the engraftment of intermediate-risk group samples cannot be anticipated. In this study, we decided to further explore the reasons for xenograft success and failure. No differences in extracellular phenotype, apoptosis, or cell cycle profile could distinguish samples that engraft (engrafter [E]) from samples that do not engraft (nonengrafter [NE]) in NSG mice. In addition, ex vivo long-term culture assay revealed, after 5 weeks, a lower content of leukemic-LTC-initiating cells in the NE samples associated with a lower expansion rate capacity. One-week co-cultures with mesenchymal or osteoblastic or endothelial cells did not influence the proliferation rate, suggesting that E and NE samples are genuinely rapidly or slowly expanding independent of external cue. Engraftment success for some NE samples was consistently observed in recipient mice analyzed 6 months later than the conventional 3-month period. Eventually we implemented a flow cytometry-based assay, which allowed us to predict, in 1 week, the fast or delayed engraftment potential of a noncharacterized acute myeloid leukemia sample. This approach will be especially useful in selecting intermediate-risk-group patient samples and restricting the experimental duration to a 3-month period and, eventually, in reducing the number of animals and the cost and effort of unnecessary xenograft failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Griessinger
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Team 4 Inflammation, Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells, Nice, France; Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jacques Vargaftig
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Division of Hematology, René Huguenin Hospital-Curie Institute, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Taussig
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - John Gribben
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Zhao F, Zhang R, Wang J, Wu D, Pan M, Li M, Guo M, Dou J. Effective tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by B16F10 cancer stem cell vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:238-244. [PMID: 28950176 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor vaccines have been considered a promising immunotherapy approach, therapeutic tumor vaccines are mostly disappointing in the clinic due to vaccine weak immunogenicity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may broaden the antigenic breadth and effectively induce the immune responses against autologous cancer cells. Here we report on the development of the B16F10 CD133+CD44+CSCs (B16F10 CSCs) vaccine to induce tumor immunity to melanoma in mice. Efficacy of against melanoma was evaluated by analysis of tumor growth and mouse survival. Immunogenicity was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometric assays, including serum cytokines, cytotoxic activity of NK cells and splenocytes in the immunized mice. The results showed that the B16F10 CSC vaccine resulted in tumor shrinkage and mouse lifespan extension. The cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ level were significantly increased in mice immunized with B16F10 CSC vaccine compared with the mice immunized with control vaccines. Additionally, New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1, an efficient tumor associated antigen over-expressed by B16F10 CSCs, was markedly reduced in expression in melanoma tissue, suggesting decrease of CSC subpopulation due to B16F10 CSC vaccination. Collectively, the findings may represent a new powerful approach for treatment of melanoma by B16F10 CSC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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7
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Irtenkauf SM, Sobiechowski S, Hasselbach LA, Nelson KK, Transou AD, Carlton ET, Mikkelsen T, deCarvalho AC. Optimization of Glioblastoma Mouse Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Translational Research. Comp Med 2017; 67:300-314. [PMID: 28830577 PMCID: PMC5557202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor predominantly localized to the cerebral cortex. We developed a panel of patient-derived mouse orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) for preclinical drug studies by implanting cancer stem cells (CSC) cultured from fresh surgical specimens intracranially into 8-wk-old female athymic nude mice. Here we optimize the glioblastoma PDOX model by assessing the effect of implantation location on tumor growth, survival, and histologic characteristics. To trace the distribution of intracranial injections, toluidine blue dye was injected at 4 locations with defined mediolateral, anterioposterior, and dorsoventral coordinates within the cerebral cortex. Glioblastoma CSC from 4 patients and a glioblastoma nonstem-cell line were then implanted by using the same coordinates for evaluation of tumor location, growth rate, and morphologic and histologic features. Dye injections into one of the defined locations resulted in dye dissemination throughout the ventricles, whereas tumor cell implantation at the same location resulted in a much higher percentage of small multifocal ventricular tumors than did the other 3 locations tested. Ventricular tumors were associated with a lower tumor growth rate, as measured by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and decreased survival in 4 of 5 cell lines. In addition, tissue oxygenation, vasculature, and the expression of astrocytic markers were altered in ventricular tumors compared with nonventricular tumors. Based on this information, we identified an optimal implantation location that avoided the ventricles and favored cortical tumor growth. To assess the effects of stress from oral drug administration, mice that underwent daily gavage were compared with stress-positive and -negative control groups. Oral gavage procedures did not significantly affect the survival of the implanted mice or physiologic measurements of stress. Our findings document the importance of optimization of the implantation site for preclinical mouse models of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Irtenkauf
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan Sobiechowski
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura A Hasselbach
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin K Nelson
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea D Transou
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Enoch T Carlton
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ana C deCarvalho
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Stewart R, Lako M, Horrocks GM, Przyborski SA. Neural Development by Transplanted Human Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:339-51. [PMID: 16180653 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, researchers have investigated the fate and potential of neuroectodermal cells during the development of the central nervous system. Although several key factors that regulate neural differentiation have been identified, much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms that control the fate and specification of neural subtypes, especially in humans. Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells are valuable research tools for the study of neural development; however, existing in vitro experiments are limited to inducing the differentiation of EC cells into only a handful of cell types. In this study, we developed and characterized a novel EC cell line (termed TERA2.cl.SP12-GFP) that carries the reporter molecule, green fluorescent protein (GFP). We demonstrate that TERA2.cl.SP12-GFP stem cells and their differentiated neural derivatives constitutively express GFP in cells grown both in vitro and in vivo. Cellular differentiation does not appear to be affected by insertion of the transgene. We propose that TERA2.cl.SP12-GFP cells provide a valuable research tool to track the fate of cells subsequent to transplantation into alternative environments and that this approach may be particularly useful to investigate the differentiation of human neural tissues in response to local environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stewart
- School of Biological and Biomedical Science, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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9
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Tome-Garcia J, Tejero R, Nudelman G, Yong RL, Sebra R, Wang H, Fowkes M, Magid M, Walsh M, Silva-Vargas V, Zaslavsky E, Friedel RH, Doetsch F, Tsankova NM. Prospective Isolation and Comparison of Human Germinal Matrix and Glioblastoma EGFR + Populations with Stem Cell Properties. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1421-1429. [PMID: 28434940 PMCID: PMC5425658 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of non-neoplastic and malignant human stem cell populations in their native state can provide new insights into gliomagenesis. Here we developed a purification strategy to directly isolate EGFR+/- populations from human germinal matrix (GM) and adult subventricular zone autopsy tissues, and from de novo glioblastoma (GBM) resections, enriching for cells capable of binding EGF ligand (LBEGFR+), and uniquely compared their functional and molecular properties. LBEGFR+ populations in both GM and GBM encompassed all sphere-forming cells and displayed proliferative stem cell properties in vitro. In xenografts, LBEGFR+ GBM cells showed robust tumor initiation and progression to high-grade, infiltrative gliomas. Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis confirmed enrichment of proliferative pathways in both developing and neoplastic freshly isolated EGFR+ populations, and identified both unique and shared sets of genes. The ability to prospectively isolate stem cell populations using native ligand-binding capacity opens new doors onto understanding both normal human development and tumor cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tome-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rut Tejero
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raymund L Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Center for RNA Biology and Medicine and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huaien Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Margret Magid
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Martin Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Center for RNA Biology and Medicine and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Violeta Silva-Vargas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fiona Doetsch
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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10
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Takaya A, Hirohashi Y, Murai A, Morita R, Saijo H, Yamamoto E, Kubo T, Nakatsugawa M, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Tamura Y, Takemasa I, Kondo T, Sato N, Torigoe T. Establishment and Analysis of Cancer Stem-Like and Non-Cancer Stem-Like Clone Cells from the Human Colon Cancer Cell Line SW480. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158903. [PMID: 27415781 PMCID: PMC4945093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/cancer-initiating cells (CICs) can be isolated as side population (SP) cells, aldehyde dehydrogenase high (ALDHhigh) cells or cell surface marker-positive cells including CD44+ cells and CD133+ cells. CSCs/CICs and non-CSCs/CICs are unstable in in vitro culture, and CSCs/CICs can differentiate into non-CSCs/CICs and some non-CSCs/CICs can dedifferentiate into CSCs/CICs. Therefore, experiments using a large amount of CSCs/CICs are technically very difficult. In this study, we isolated single cell clones from SP cells and main population (MP) cells derived from the human colon cancer cell line SW480. SP analysis revealed that SP clone cells had relatively high percentages of SP cells, whereas MP clone cells showed very few SP cells, and the phenotypes were sustainable for more than 2 months of in vitro culture. Xenograft transplantation revealed that SP clone cells have higher tumor-initiating ability than that of MP clone cells and SP clone cell showed higher chemo-resistance compared with MP clone cells. These results indicate that SP clone cells derived from SW480 cells are enriched with CSCs/CICs, whereas MP clone cells are pure non-CSCs/CICs. SP clone cells and MP clone cells are a very stable in vitro CSC/CIC-enriched and non-CSC/CIC model for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Takaya
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
- * E-mail: (YH); (T. Torigoe)
| | - Aiko Murai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Rena Morita
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saijo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8543, Japan
| | - Eri Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food & Medical Innovation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8543, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–8638, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060–8556, Japan
- * E-mail: (YH); (T. Torigoe)
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11
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Mukohyama J, Shimono Y, Yamashita K, Sumi Y, Mukohara T, Minami H, Kakeji Y. Effect of Xenotransplantation Site on MicroRNA Expression of Human Colon Cancer Stem Cells. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3679-3686. [PMID: 27354640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a high tumorigenic ability to form patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs). PDXs are an attractive pre-clinical model, but gene expression and biological behavior of cancer cells in the tumor will change during establishment and passage of PDXs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human colon cancer PDX was established and passaged either subcutaneously or orthotopically into the murine intestine. Histology and flow cytometric profile of the surgical specimen and the PDX were analyzed. CSCs were then isolated from the tumors and their microRNA (miRNA) expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The surgical specimens and PDXs were histologically similar. The size of CSC population increased and expression of miRNAs in CSCs changed in the passaged PDXs. Expression of oncogenic miRNAs was highly up-regulated in the CSCs of the orthotopically passaged PDXs. CONCLUSION The xenotransplantation site and the number of tumor passages affect the miRNA expression of human colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sumi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Mukohara
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Zhou M, Zhao J, Tian M, Song S, Zhang R, Gupta S, Tan D, Shen H, Ferrari M, Li C. Radio-photothermal therapy mediated by a single compartment nanoplatform depletes tumor initiating cells and reduces lung metastasis in the orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor model. Nanoscale 2015; 7:19438-47. [PMID: 26376843 PMCID: PMC4993020 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Initiating Cells (TICs) are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and are believed to be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Combination therapies can overcome the limitation of conventional cancer treatments, and have demonstrated promising application in the clinic. Here, we show that dual modality radiotherapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated by a single compartment nanosystem copper-64-labeled copper sulfide nanoparticles ([(64)Cu]CuS NPs) could suppress breast tumor metastasis through eradication of TICs. Positron electron tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies showed that more than 90% of [(64)Cu]CuS NPs was retained in subcutaneously grown BT474 breast tumor 24 h after intratumoral (i.t.) injection, indicating the NPs are suitable for the combination therapy. Combined RT/PTT therapy resulted in significant tumor growth delay in the subcutaneous BT474 breast cancer model. Moreover, RT/PTT treatment significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors compared to no treatment, RT alone, or PTT alone. The RT/PTT combination therapy significantly reduced the number of tumor nodules in the lung and the formation of tumor mammospheres from treated 4T1 tumors. No obvious side effects of the CuS NPs were noted in the treated mice in a pilot toxicity study. Taken together, our data support the feasibility of a therapeutic approach for the suppression of tumor metastasis through localized RT/PTT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Mei Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital System Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital System Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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13
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell model proposes that tumors have a hierarchical organization in which tumorigenic cells give rise to non-tumorigenic cells, with only a subset of stem-like cells able to propagate the tumor. In the case of prostate cancer, recent analyses of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have provided evidence supporting the existence of cancer stem cells in vivo. These studies suggest that cancer stem cells capable of tumor propagation exist at various stages of tumor progression from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to advanced metastatic and castration-resistant disease. However, studies of stem cells in prostate cancer have been limited by available approaches for evaluating their functional properties in cell culture and transplantation assays. Given the role of the tumor microenvironment and the putative cancer stem cell niche, future studies using GEM models to analyze cancer stem cells in their native tissue microenvironment are likely to be highly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Shibata
- Departments of MedicineGenetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of MedicineGenetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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14
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Sakashita K, Kato I, Daifu T, Saida S, Hiramatsu H, Nishinaka Y, Ebihara Y, Ma F, Matsuda K, Saito S, Hirabayashi K, Kurata T, Uyen LTN, Nakazawa Y, Tsuji K, Heike T, Nakahata T, Koike K. In vitro expansion of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells under stimulation with hematopoietic growth factors on AGM-S3 cells in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:606-14. [PMID: 25102944 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using serum-containing culture, we examined whether AGM-S3 stromal cells, alone or in combination with hematopoietic growth factor(s), stimulated the proliferation of CD34(+) cells from patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). AGM-S3 cells in concert with stem cell factor plus thrombopoietin increased the numbers of peripheral blood CD34(+) cells to approximately 20-fold of the input value after 2 weeks in nine JMML patients with either PTPN11 mutations or RAS mutations, who received allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) also augmented the proliferation of JMML CD34(+) cells on AGM-S3 cells. The expansion potential of CD34(+) cells was markedly low in four patients who achieved spontaneous hematological improvement. A large proportion of day-14-cultured CD34(+) cells were negative for CD38 and cryopreservable. Cultured JMML CD34(+)CD38(-) cells expressed CD117, CD116, c-mpl, CD123, CD90, but not CXCR4, and formed GM and erythroid colonies. Day-7-cultured CD34(+) cells from two of three JMML patients injected intrafemorally into immunodeficient mice stimulated with human GM-CSF after transplantation displayed significant hematopoietic reconstitution. The abilities of OP9 cells and MS-5 cells were one-third and one-tenth, respectively, of the value obtained with AGM-S3 cells. Our culture system may provide a useful tool for elucidating leukemogenesis and for therapeutic approaches in JMML.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/genetics
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Clone Cells
- Coculture Techniques
- Embryonic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Embryonic Stem Cells/pathology
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
- Signal Transduction
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - I Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Daifu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nishinaka
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Ebihara
- 1] Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [2] Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - F Ma
- 1] Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [2] Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - K Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - K Hirabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Kurata
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - L T N Uyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - K Tsuji
- 1] Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [2] Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan [3] Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Ueda, Japan
| | - T Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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15
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Park SC, Nguyen NT, Eun JR, Zhang Y, Jung YJ, Tschudy-Seney B, Trotsyuk A, Lam A, Ramsamooj R, Zhang Y, Theise ND, Zern MA, Duan Y. Identification of cancer stem cell subpopulations of CD34(+) PLC/PRF/5 that result in three types of human liver carcinomas. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1008-21. [PMID: 25519836 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD34(+) stem cells play an important role during liver development and regeneration. Thus, we hypothesized that some human liver carcinomas (HLCs) might be derived from transformed CD34(+) stem cells. Here, we determined that a population of CD34(+) cells isolated from PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells (PLC) appears to function as liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) by forming HLCs in immunodeficient mice with as few as 100 cells. Moreover, the CD34(+) PLC subpopulation cells had an advantage over CD34(-) PLCs at initiating tumors. Three types of HLCs were generated from CD34(+) PLC: hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs); cholangiocarcinomas (CC); and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas (CHCs). Tumors formed in mice transplanted with 12 subpopulations and 6 progeny subpopulations of CD34(+) PLC cells. Interestingly, progenies with certain surface antigens (CD133, CD44, CD90, or EPCAM) predominantly yielded HCCs. CD34(+) PLCs that also expressed OV6 and their progeny OV6(+) cells primarily produced CHC and CC. This represents the first experiment to demonstrate that the OV6(+) antigen is associated with human CHC and CC. CD34(+) PLCs that also expressed CD31 and their progeny CD31(+) cells formed CHCs. Gene expression patterns and tumor cell populations from all xenografts exhibited diverse patterns, indicating that tumor-initiating cells (TICs) with distinct antigenic profiles contribute to cancer cell heterogeneity. Therefore, we identified CD34(+) PLC cells functioning as LCSCs generating three types of HLCs. Eighteen subpopulations from one origin had the capacity independently to initiate tumors, thus functioning as TICs. This finding has broad implications for better understanding of the multistep model of tumor initiation and progression. Our finding also indicates that CD34(+) PLCs that also express OV6 or CD31 result in types of HLCs. This is the first report that PLC/PRF/5 subpopulations expressing CD34 in combination with particular antigens defines categories of HLCs, implicating a diversity of origins for HLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Cheol Park
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
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16
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Abstract
Mouse models have demonstrated that both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as downstream myeloid progenitors can be targets of transformation in AML. We recently showed in a murine model of the CALM/AF10 fusion gene positive leukemia, that progenitors with lymphoid characteristics can be leukemic stem cell (LSC) candidates in AML. We could demonstrate that the LSC candidate in the CALM/AF10 murine model was positive for the lymphoid associated surface antigen B220, which was not expressed by the leukemic bulk or the normal HSC pool. This offers the intriguing possibility to target the LSCs with antibodies that spare the normal stem cell.
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17
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Xu LW, Chow KKH, Lim M, Li G. Current vaccine trials in glioblastoma: a review. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:796856. [PMID: 24804271 PMCID: PMC3996322 DOI: 10.1155/2014/796856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, and despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, average survival remains at about 1.5 years. The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of GBM requires that alternative treatments for this disease be widespread and targeted to tumor cells. Immunotherapy in the form of tumor vaccines has the potential to meet this need. Vaccines against GBM hold the promise of triggering specific and systemic antitumor immune responses that may be the key to eradicating this unrelenting cancer. In this review, we will discuss past and present clinical trials of various GBM vaccines and their potential impact on the future care of GBM patients. There have been many promising phase I and phase II GBM vaccine studies that have led to ongoing and upcoming phase III trials. If the results of these randomized trials show a survival benefit, immunotherapy will become a standard part of the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda W. Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kevin K. H. Chow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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18
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Griessinger E, Anjos-Afonso F, Pizzitola I, Rouault-Pierre K, Vargaftig J, Taussig D, Gribben J, Lassailly F, Bonnet D. A niche-like culture system allowing the maintenance of primary human acute myeloid leukemia-initiating cells: a new tool to decipher their chemoresistance and self-renewal mechanisms. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:520-9. [PMID: 24493855 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) are responsible for the emergence of leukemia and relapse after chemotherapy. Despite their identification more than 15 years ago, our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their self-renewal activity and their chemoresistance remains poor. The slow progress in this area is partly due to the difficulty of studying these cells ex vivo. Indeed, current studies are reliant on xenotransplantation assays in immunodeficient mice. In this paper, we report that by modeling key elements of the bone marrow niche using different stromal feeder layers and hypoxic culture conditions, we can maintain LICs over at least 3 weeks and support their self-renewal properties demonstrated through primary and secondary successful xenograft. We provide a proof of principle that this niche-like culture system can be used to study LIC chemoresistance following in vitro cytarabine treatment similarly to the xenograft chemotherapy model. We found that although LICs are believed to be more chemoresistant than non-LICs, functionally defined LICs are not enriched after cytarabine treatment, and heterogeneity in their resistance to treatment can be seen between patients and even within the same patient. We present a culture system that can be used as an in vitro surrogate for xenotransplantation and that has the potential to dramatically increase the throughput of the investigation of LICs. This would further provide the means by which to identify and target the functionality of the different signaling pathways involved in the maintenance and resistance of LICs to improve acute myeloid leukemia treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stem Cell Niche
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Griessinger
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory-London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Zhang B, Shimada Y, Kuroyanagi J, Umemoto N, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T. Quantitative phenotyping-based in vivo chemical screening in a zebrafish model of leukemia stem cell xenotransplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85439. [PMID: 24454867 PMCID: PMC3893211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish-based chemical screening has recently emerged as a rapid and efficient method to identify important compounds that modulate specific biological processes and to test the therapeutic efficacy in disease models, including cancer. In leukemia, the ablation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is necessary to permanently eradicate the leukemia cell population. However, because of the very small number of LSCs in leukemia cell populations, their use in xenotransplantation studies (in vivo) and the difficulties in functionally and pathophysiologically replicating clinical conditions in cell culture experiments (in vitro), the progress of drug discovery for LSC inhibitors has been painfully slow. In this study, we developed a novel phenotype-based in vivo screening method using LSCs xenotransplanted into zebrafish. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) cells were purified from chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells tagged with a fluorescent protein (Kusabira-orange) and then implanted in young zebrafish at 48 hours post-fertilization. Twenty-four hours after transplantation, the animals were treated with one of eight different therapeutic agents (imatinib, dasatinib, parthenolide, TDZD-8, arsenic trioxide, niclosamide, salinomycin, and thioridazine). Cancer cell proliferation, and cell migration were determined by high-content imaging. Of the eight compounds that were tested, all except imatinib and dasatinib selectively inhibited ALDH+ cell proliferation in zebrafish. In addition, these anti-LSC agents suppressed tumor cell migration in LSC-xenotransplants. Our approach offers a simple, rapid, and reliable in vivo screening system that facilitates the phenotype-driven discovery of drugs effective in suppressing LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abstract
The field of tumor immunotherapy is still in its infancy. It is becoming clear that the human immune response is the result of highly complex, continuously evolving interactions between cells of the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system, the internal and external environments, and normal and abnormal cells (e.g., myeloma plasma cells). Despite the considerable advances in our knowledge over the past 30 years, we have still only scratched the surface of the immune system's interaction with malignant diseases such as myeloma and to date, this has not translated into significantly better outcomes for patients with this disease. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the fundamental immunology of myeloma, review immunotherapy trials reported to date and discuss whether, in light of the current information, immunotherapy of multiple myeloma is an achievable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Harrison
- DHMO, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Locked Bag 1, A'becket Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia.
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22
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Ishikawa F. Modeling normal and malignant human hematopoiesis in vivo through newborn NSG xenotransplantation. Int J Hematol 2013; 98:634-40. [PMID: 24258713 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various strains of immune-compromised mice have been developed to investigate human normal and malignant stem cells in vivo. NOD/SCID mice harboring complete null mutation of Il2rg (NSG mice) lack T cells, B cells, and NK cells, and support high levels of engraftment by human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CB HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (AML LSCs). In addition to achieving high levels of human hematopoietic cell engraftment, use of newborn NSG mice as recipients has enabled the investigation into how human CB HSCs generate mature immune subsets in vivo. Moreover, through establishing an in vivo model of human primary AML by xenotransplantation of human LSCs into newborn NSG mice, functional properties of human AML such as cell cycle, location, and self-renewal capacity can be examined in vivo. Newborn NSG xenogeneic transplantation model may facilitate the understanding of human normal and malignant hematopoiesis and contribute to the development of novel therapies against hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan,
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23
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Abstract
The maintenance and repair of many adult tissues are ensured by stem cells (SCs), which reside at the top of the cellular hierarchy of these tissues. Functional assays, such as in vitro clonogenic assays, transplantation and in vivo lineage tracing, have been used to assess the renewing and differentiation potential of normal SCs. Similar strategies have suggested that solid tumours may also be hierarchically organized and contain cancer SCs (CSCs) that sustain tumour growth and relapse after therapy. In this Opinion article, we discuss the different parallels that can be drawn between adult SCs and CSCs in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Beck
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Sambuceti G, Massollo M, Marini C, Podestà M, Cassanelli C, Morbelli S, Fiz F, Buschiazzo A, Capitanio S, Augeri C, Curti G, Piana M, Frassoni F. Trafficking and homing of systemically administered stem cells: the need for appropriate analysis tools of radionuclide images. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 57:207-215. [PMID: 23822992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Despite its enormous relevance, homing of hematopoietic stem cells (SCs) remains relatively uncertain due to the limitations of measuring small number of systemically administered cells in the different organs. Despite its high sensitivity, radionuclide detection has been relatively underutilized to this purpose since it cannot differentiate hematopietic SCs recruited by target tissues from those circulating in the blood pool. Our study aims to verify the potential of tracer kinetic approaches in estimating the recruitment of labeled SCs after their systemic administration. METHODS Twenty-four Lewis rats underwent administration of 2 millions cells labeled with 37 MBq of 99mTc-exametazime. Animals were divided into 2 groups according to administered cells: hematopoietic SCs or cells obtained from a line of rat hepatoma. Cell injection was performed during a planar dynamic acquisition. Regions of interest were positioned to plot time activity curves on heart, lungs, liver and spleen. Blood cell clearance was evaluated according to common stochastic analysis approach. Either fraction of dose in each organ at the end of the experiment or computing the slope of regression line provided by Patlak or Logan graphical approach estimated cell recruitment. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed and the number of cells retained in the same organs was estimated by in vitro counting. RESULTS Cell number, documented by the dose fraction retained in each organ at imaging was consistently higher with respect to the "gold standard" in vitro counting in all experiments. An inverse correlation was observed between degree of overestimation and blood clearance of labeled cells (r=-0.56, P<0.05). Logan plot analysis consistently provided identifiable lines, whose slope values closely agreed with the "in vitro" estimation of hepatic and splenic cell recruitment. CONCLUSION The simple evaluation of organ radioactivity concentration does not provide reliable estimates of local recruitment of systemically administered cells. Yet, the combined analysis of temporal trends of tracer (cell) tissue accumulation and blood clearance can provide quantitative estimations of cell homing in the different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sambuceti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Kaur N, Chettiar S, Rathod S, Rath P, Muzumdar D, Shaikh ML, Shiras A. Wnt3a mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes tumor progression in glioblastoma. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 54:44-57. [PMID: 23337036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of a distinct population of cells that drives tumor progression supports the hierarchical model of tumor development in Glioblastoma (GBM) and substantiates the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Amongst the various developmental signaling pathways that are aberrantly activated, we here show that activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in malignant transformation and tumor progression in gliomas. We demonstrate that Wnt ligands - Wnt1 and Wnt3a are expressed in a graded manner in these tumors as well as over-expressed in glioma stem cell-lines. A selective inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway by selective knock-down of its ligands Wnt1 and Wnt3a in glioma-derived stem-like cells led to decreased cell proliferation, cell migration and chemo-resistance. Furthermore, Wnt silencing in glioma cells reduced the capacity to form intra-cranial tumors in vivo. Taken together, our study indicates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as an essential driver of glioma tumorigenesis, recognizing role of Wnt3a as an oncogene and thereby offering novel therapeutic strategies for management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), NCCS Complex, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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26
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Abstract
A new model of cancer progression has been put forward that predicts existence of tumor stem cells (TSCs) in the heterogeneous bulk tumor mass that self-renew, are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapies, and sustain tumor growth during the course of its progression or relapse (Ailles and Weissman, Curr Opin Biotechnol 18:460-466, 2007; Chan et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:14016-14021, 2009; D'Angelo and Wicha, Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 95:113-158, 2010; O'Brien, Semin Radiat Oncol 19:71-77, 2009; Park et al., Mol Ther 17:219-230, 2009). Using most advanced methods of cell purification and transplantation, our laboratory and another independent study identified melanoma stem cells as CD271(NFGR/p75)+ cells from surgical human specimens (Boiko et al., Nature 466:133-137, 2010; Civenni et al., Cancer Res 71:3098-3109, 2011). Here we describe in great detail an approach for isolating tumor-initiating cells from freshly resected melanomas (Boiko et al., Nature 466:133-137, 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Boiko
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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27
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Muraro MG, Mele V, Däster S, Han J, Heberer M, Cesare Spagnoli G, Iezzi G. CD133+, CD166+CD44+, and CD24+CD44+ phenotypes fail to reliably identify cell populations with cancer stem cell functional features in established human colorectal cancer cell lines. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197865 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence that cancers originate from small populations of so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), capable of surviving conventional chemotherapies and regenerating the original tumor, urges the development of novel CSC-targeted treatments. Screening of new anticancer compounds is conventionally conducted on established tumor cell lines, providing sufficient material for high-throughput studies. Whether tumor cell lines might comprise CSC populations resembling those of primary tumors, however, remains highly debated. We have analyzed the expression of defined phenotypic profiles, including CD133+, CD166+CD44+, and CD24+CD44+, reported as CSC-specific in human primary colorectal cancer (CRC), on a panel of 10 established CRC cell lines and evaluated their correlation with CSC properties. None of the putative CSC phenotypes consistently correlated with stem cell-like features, including spheroid formation ability, clonogenicity, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 activity, and side population phenotype. Importantly, CRC cells expressing putative CSC markers did not exhibit increased survival when treated with chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro or display higher tumorigenicity in vivo. Thus, the expression of CD133 or the coexpression of CD166/CD44 or CD24/CD44 did not appear to reliably identify CSC populations in established CRC cell lines. Our findings question the suitability of cell lines for the screening of CSC-specific therapies and underline the urgency of developing novel platforms for anticancer drug discovery.
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28
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Ma W, Gutierrez A, Goff DJ, Geron I, Sadarangani A, Jamieson CAM, Court AC, Shih AY, Jiang Q, Wu CC, Li K, Smith KM, Crews LA, Gibson NW, Deichaite I, Morris SR, Wei P, Carson DA, Look AT, Jamieson CHM. NOTCH1 signaling promotes human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia initiating cell regeneration in supportive niches. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39725. [PMID: 22768113 PMCID: PMC3387267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia initiating cells (LIC) contribute to therapeutic resistance through acquisition of mutations in signaling pathways, such as NOTCH1, that promote self-renewal and survival within supportive niches. Activating mutations in NOTCH1 occur commonly in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and have been implicated in therapeutic resistance. However, the cell type and context specific consequences of NOTCH1 activation, its role in human LIC regeneration, and sensitivity to NOTCH1 inhibition in hematopoietic microenvironments had not been elucidated. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We established humanized bioluminescent T-ALL LIC mouse models transplanted with pediatric T-ALL samples that were sequenced for NOTCH1 and other common T-ALL mutations. In this study, CD34(+) cells from NOTCH1(Mutated) T-ALL samples had higher leukemic engraftment and serial transplantation capacity than NOTCH1(Wild-type) CD34(+) cells in hematopoietic niches, suggesting that self-renewing LIC were enriched within the NOTCH1(Mutated) CD34(+) fraction. Humanized NOTCH1 monoclonal antibody treatment reduced LIC survival and self-renewal in NOTCH1(Mutated) T-ALL LIC-engrafted mice and resulted in depletion of CD34(+)CD2(+)CD7(+) cells that harbor serial transplantation capacity. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a functional hierarchy within the LIC population based on NOTCH1 activation, which renders LIC susceptible to targeted NOTCH1 inhibition and highlights the utility of NOTCH1 antibody targeting as a key component of malignant stem cell eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ifat Geron
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Sadarangani
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christina A. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Angela C. Court
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alice Y. Shih
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christina C. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kang Li
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Crews
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Neil W. Gibson
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ida Deichaite
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sheldon R. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ping Wei
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Xu K, Usary J, Kousis PC, Prat A, Wang DY, Adams JR, Wang W, Loch AJ, Deng T, Zhao W, Cardiff RD, Yoon K, Gaiano N, Ling V, Beyene J, Zacksenhaus E, Gridley T, Leong WL, Guidos CJ, Perou CM, Egan SE. Lunatic fringe deficiency cooperates with the Met/Caveolin gene amplicon to induce basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:626-641. [PMID: 22624713 PMCID: PMC3603366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) express a luminal progenitor gene signature. Notch receptor signaling promotes luminal cell fate specification in the mammary gland, while suppressing stem cell self-renewal. Here we show that deletion of Lfng, a sugar transferase that prevents Notch activation by Jagged ligands, enhances stem/progenitor cell proliferation. Mammary-specific deletion of Lfng induces basal-like and claudin-low tumors with accumulation of Notch intracellular domain fragments, increased expression of proliferation-associated Notch targets, amplification of the Met/Caveolin locus, and elevated Met and Igf-1R signaling. Human BL breast tumors, commonly associated with JAGGED expression, elevated MET signaling, and CAVEOLIN accumulation, express low levels of LFNG. Thus, reduced LFNG expression facilitates JAG/NOTCH luminal progenitor signaling and cooperates with MET/CAVEOLIN basal-type signaling to promote BLBC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Caveolins/genetics
- Caveolins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Claudins/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycosyltransferases/deficiency
- Glycosyltransferases/genetics
- Glycosyltransferases/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Jagged-1 Protein
- Mammary Glands, Animal/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/transplantation
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Serrate-Jagged Proteins
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Xu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jerry Usary
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philaretos C Kousis
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aleix Prat
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dong-Yu Wang
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute and Surgical Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital, and the Department of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tao Deng
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Wei Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Keejung Yoon
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas Gaiano
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vicki Ling
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tom Gridley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Wey L Leong
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute and Surgical Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital, and the Department of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Genetics and Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute and Surgical Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital, and the Department of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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30
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Liu WK, Ma L, Liu YH, Wang XJ, Jiang S. [The influence of trauma on the tumorigenicity of rat C6 glioma tumor stem cells in vivo]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2011; 42:161-169. [PMID: 21500545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of trauma on the tumorigenicity of rat glial tumor stem cells (C6-side population cell, C6-SP) in vivo. METHODS Rat glial tumor stem cells C6-SP were isolated by flowcytometry. The biological behavior of C6-SP cells were observed by means of MTT experiment, single cell cloning, and cell cycle study with FCM CD133 expression was measured by immunofluorescence and FCM.. The tumorigenicity of C6-SP cells in vivo was evaluated by in situ tumor growth after intracranial implantation. The rat model was established by intracranial implantation of C6-SP cells. 10 days later, the rats in experimental groups were subjected to orthotopic or ectopic trauma. 24 days later, brain specimen was retrieved, gross tumor volume was measured, and Ki67 was evaluated by immunochemistry. The migration of stem cell was studied by the method to observe the relocation of C6-SP cells. RESULTS Clustrus tumor growth was seen when C6-SP cell was cultured in serum-free medium. The doubling time of C6-SP cell was shorter than ordinary C6 cell. Single stem cell cloning efficiency of C6-SP cell was 77% whereas that of ordinary C6 cell was 16.4%. Among cloned C6-SP cell and ordinary C6 cell, 49.7% +/- 5.2% and 35.2 +/- 4.3% were at G0/G1 phase respectively. CD133 expression of C6-SP cells was positively shown by immunofluorescence. Tumorigenesis was 100% 2 weeks after in situ implantation of C6-SP cells. Gross tumor volume and Ki67 expression of orthotopic trauma group were larger and higher than those of ectopic trauma group or blank control group (P < 0.05) whereas difference was insignificant in the later two groups (P > 0.05). Red stained cells relocation was seen in both traumatized groups and absent in controls. CONCLUSION C6-SP cells are the tumor stem cells (TSCs) for rat glioma. Trauma at the lesional site could increase tumorigenicity of the C6-SP cells. Moreover, trauma could induce migration of C6-SP cells in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-ke Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Goardon N, Marchi E, Atzberger A, Quek L, Schuh A, Soneji S, Woll P, Mead A, Alford KA, Rout R, Chaudhury S, Gilkes A, Knapper S, Beldjord K, Begum S, Rose S, Geddes N, Griffiths M, Standen G, Sternberg A, Cavenagh J, Hunter H, Bowen D, Killick S, Robinson L, Price A, Macintyre E, Virgo P, Burnett A, Craddock C, Enver T, Jacobsen SEW, Porcher C, Vyas P. Coexistence of LMPP-like and GMP-like leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:138-52. [PMID: 21251617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between normal and leukemic stem/progenitor cells are unclear. We show that in ∼80% of primary human CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML), two expanded populations with hemopoietic progenitor immunophenotype coexist in most patients. Both populations have leukemic stem cell (LSC) activity and are hierarchically ordered; one LSC population gives rise to the other. Global gene expression profiling shows the LSC populations are molecularly distinct and resemble normal progenitors but not stem cells. The more mature LSC population most closely mirrors normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP) and the immature LSC population a previously uncharacterized progenitor functionally similar to lymphoid-primed multipotential progenitors (LMPPs). This suggests that in most cases primary CD34+ AML is a progenitor disease where LSCs acquire abnormal self-renewal potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Lineage/physiology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Graft Survival
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Lymphoid Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Lymphoid Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous/pathology
- Young Adult
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Espina V, Mariani BD, Gallagher RI, Tran K, Banks S, Wiedemann J, Huryk H, Mueller C, Adamo L, Deng J, Petricoin EF, Pastore L, Zaman S, Menezes G, Mize J, Johal J, Edmiston K, Liotta LA. Malignant precursor cells pre-exist in human breast DCIS and require autophagy for survival. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10240. [PMID: 20421921 PMCID: PMC2857649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While it is accepted that a majority of invasive breast cancer progresses from a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) precursor stage, very little is known about the factors that promote survival of DCIS neoplastic cells within the hypoxic, nutrient deprived intraductal microenvironment. Methodology and Principal Findings We examined the hypothesis that fresh human DCIS lesions contain pre-existing carcinoma precursor cells. We characterized these cells by full genome molecular cytogenetics (Illumina HumanCytoSNP profile), and signal pathway profiling (Reverse Phase Protein Microarray, 59 endpoints), and demonstrated that autophagy is required for survival and anchorage independent growth of the cytogenetically abnormal tumorigenic DCIS cells. Ex vivo organoid culture of fresh human DCIS lesions, without enzymatic treatment or sorting, induced the emergence of neoplastic epithelial cells exhibiting the following characteristics: a) spontaneous generation of hundreds of spheroids and duct-like 3-D structures in culture within 2–4 weeks; b) tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice; c) cytogenetically abnormal (copy number loss or gain in chromosomes including 1, 5, 6, 8, 13, 17) compared to the normal karyotype of the non-neoplastic cells in the source patient's breast tissue; d) in vitro migration and invasion of autologous breast stroma; and e) up-regulation of signal pathways linked to, and components of, cellular autophagy. Multiple autophagy markers were present in the patient's original DCIS lesion and the mouse xenograft. We tested whether autophagy was necessary for survival of cytogenetically abnormal DCIS cells. The lysosomotropic inhibitor (chloroquine phosphate) of autophagy completely suppressed the generation of DCIS spheroids/3-D structures, suppressed ex vivo invasion of autologous stroma, induced apoptosis, suppressed autophagy associated proteins including Atg5, AKT/PI3 Kinase and mTOR, eliminated cytogenetically abnormal spheroid forming cells from the organ culture, and abrogated xenograft tumor formation. Conclusions Cytogenetically abnormal spheroid forming, tumorigenic, and invasive neoplastic epithelial cells pre-exist in human DCIS and require cellular autophagy for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America.
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Chen R, Nishimura MC, Bumbaca SM, Kharbanda S, Forrest WF, Kasman IM, Greve JM, Soriano RH, Gilmour LL, Rivers CS, Modrusan Z, Nacu S, Guerrero S, Edgar KA, Wallin JJ, Lamszus K, Westphal M, Heim S, James CD, VandenBerg SR, Costello JF, Moorefield S, Cowdrey CJ, Prados M, Phillips HS. A hierarchy of self-renewing tumor-initiating cell types in glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:362-75. [PMID: 20385361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The neural stem cell marker CD133 is reported to identify cells within glioblastoma (GBM) that can initiate neurosphere growth and tumor formation; however, instances of CD133(-) cells exhibiting similar properties have also been reported. Here, we show that some PTEN-deficient GBM tumors produce a series of CD133(+) and CD133(-) self-renewing tumor-initiating cell types and provide evidence that these cell types constitute a lineage hierarchy. Our results show that the capacities for self-renewal and tumor initiation in GBM need not be restricted to a uniform population of stemlike cells, but can be shared by a lineage of self-renewing cell types expressing a range of markers of forebrain lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Chen
- Department of Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Wei J, Barr J, Kong LY, Wang Y, Wu A, Sharma AK, Gumin J, Henry V, Colman H, Sawaya R, Lang FF, Heimberger AB. Glioma-associated cancer-initiating cells induce immunosuppression. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:461-73. [PMID: 20068105 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme is a lethal cancer that responds poorly to therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme cancer-initiating cells have been shown to mediate resistance to both chemotherapy and radiation; however, it is unknown to what extent these cells contribute to the profound immunosuppression in glioblastoma multiforme patients and if strategies that alter their differentiation state can reduce this immunosuppression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We isolated a subpopulation of cells from glioblastoma multiforme that possessed the capacity for self-renewal, formed neurospheres in vitro, were capable of pluripotent differentiation, and could initiate tumors in vivo. The immune phenotype of these cells was characterized including the elaboration of immunosuppressive cytokines and chemokines by ELISA. Functional immunosuppressive properties were characterized based on the inhibition of T-cell proliferation and effector responses, triggering of T-cell apoptosis, and induction of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. On altering their differentiation state, the immunosuppressive phenotype and functional assays were reevaluated. RESULTS We found that the cancer-initiating cells markedly inhibited T-cell proliferation and activation, induced regulatory T cells, and triggered T-cell apoptosis that was mediated by B7-H1 and soluble Galectin-3. These immunosuppressive properties were diminished on altering the differentiation of the cancer-initiating cells. CONCLUSION Cancer-initiating cells contribute to tumor evasion of the immunosurveillance and approaches that alter the differentiation state may have immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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35
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Tokar EJ, Diwan BA, Waalkes MP. Arsenic exposure transforms human epithelial stem/progenitor cells into a cancer stem-like phenotype. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:108-15. [PMID: 20056578 PMCID: PMC2831952 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen affecting millions of people worldwide. Evolving theory predicts that normal stem cells (NSCs) are transformed into cancer stem cells (CSCs) that then drive oncogenesis. In humans, arsenic is carcinogenic in the urogenital system (UGS), including the bladder and potentially the prostate, whereas in mice arsenic induces multi-organ UGS cancers, indicating that UGS NSCs may represent targets for carcino-genic initiation. However, proof of emergence of CSCs induced by arsenic in a stem cell population is not available. METHODS We continuously exposed the human prostate epithelial stem/progenitor cell line WPE-stem to an environmentally relevant level of arsenic (5 microM) in vitro and determined the acquired cancer phenotype. RESULTS WPE-stem cells rapidly acquired a malignant CSC-like phenotype by 18 weeks of exposure, becoming highly invasive, losing contact inhibition, and hyper-secreting matrix metalloproteinase-9. When hetero-transplanted, these cells (designated As-CSC) formed highly pleomorphic, aggressive tumors with immature epithelial- and mesenchymal-like cells, suggesting a highly pluripotent cell of origin. Consistent with tumor-derived CSCs, As-CSCs formed abundant free-floating spheres enriched in CSC-like cells, as confirmed by molecular analysis and the fact that only these floating cells formed xeno-graft tumors. An early loss of NSC self-renewal gene expression (p63, ABCG2, BMI-1, SHH, OCT-4, NOTCH-1) during arsenite exposure was sub-sequently reversed as the tumor suppressor gene PTEN was progressively suppressed and the CSC-like phenotype acquired. CONCLUSIONS Arsenite transforms prostate epithelial stem/progenitor cells into CSC-like cells, indicating that it can produce CSCs from a model NSC population.
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MESH Headings
- Adult Stem Cells/drug effects
- Adult Stem Cells/metabolism
- Adult Stem Cells/pathology
- Animals
- Arsenic/toxicity
- Arsenites/toxicity
- Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Phenotype
- Prostate/cytology
- Prostate/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Tokar
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bhalchandra A. Diwan
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael P. Waalkes
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to M.P. Waalkes, NCI at NIEHS, 111 Alexander Dr., MD F0-09, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-2328. Fax: (919) 541-3970. E-mail:
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Brehar FM, Bleotu C, Stefan LM, Buzgariu W, Chivu M, Utoiu E, Matei L, Ciurea AV, Tascu A. Isolation and partial characterization of a new human glioblastoma cell line. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2009; 104:453-461. [PMID: 19886054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although significant progresses were made in the field of molecular biology of malignant cerebral gliomas, the prognostic of these tumors continues to be reserved. One of the therapeutic failure reasons is the incomplete knowledge regarding the origin of these tumors and cells features, which in fact represent an obstacle in developing a cell and molecular therapy guided against malignant cells responsible for the tumor development and for the therapeutic resistance. Initiation and characterization of glioblastoma cell lines represents an essential step in order to obtain a better in vitro and in vivo experimental model for glioblastoma. We describe here a new glioblastoma line, named T11, which was successfully isolated in our laboratories starting with a tumor sample obtained intraoperative from a 58 years-old female patient. The histopathological evaluation showed a grad IV WHO glioma (glioblastoma). The sample was prepared by manual fragmentation, followed by enzymatic digestions using different concentration of trypsin. The cell line has been cultivated for more than 150 passages. The characterization of the glioblastoma line consisted in the evaluation of cells proliferation capacity (growth curve), morphological features, karyotyping and identification of specific markers. We found that T11 expressed specific markers for glial progenitors and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein-GFAP); oligodendrocites (A2B5; O4), and microglia (CD45, CD 11b). Cells were negative for neuronal lineage markers like beta3-tubulin and NCAM. In order to evaluate the differentiation grade of T11 cell line, the presence of stem cell markers (nestin, CD133) was explored. T11l cells expressed higher level of nestin and lower level of CD133 comparing with standard glioblastoma cell line U87. T11 cell line expressed VEGF and Bcl-2, but not EGFR and Mdrl and Bax. This new line has distinct and unique characteristics when compared with standard glioblastoma cell line (e.g., U87) and may become a new and useful in vitro model for glioblastoma.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- Actins/analysis
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Brain Neoplasms/chemistry
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis
- Glioblastoma/chemistry
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Glycoproteins/analysis
- Humans
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/analysis
- Mice
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis
- Nestin
- Peptides/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Brehar
- Emergency Clinical Hospital Bagdasar-Arseni, Bucharest, Romania.
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37
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Fukuda K, Saikawa Y, Ohashi M, Kumagai K, Kitajima M, Okano H, Matsuzaki Y, Kitagawa Y. Tumor initiating potential of side population cells in human gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2009; 34:1201-1207. [PMID: 19360333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells are a small subpopulation of cells with enriched source of gastric tumor-initiating cells (TICs) with stem-like cell property that are characterized by high efflux ability of Hoechst 33342 dye, reflecting high expression of several subtypes of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family that is characteristic of stem cells. The present study is the first to discover and characterize SP cells within gastric cancer (GC) tumors. In this study, human GC cell lines (MKN45, KATOIII, MKN74, MKN28 and MKN1) were analyzed using flow cytometry for SP cell isolation, and all GC cell lines showed a distinct fraction of SP cells, ranging from 0.02+/-0.001 to 1.93+/-0.16%. Among these cell lines, MKN45 cultures possessed the highest percentage of SP cells. Using MKN45 cells, we demonstrated stem cell-like characteristics of SP cells of the cell lines as a possible subpopulation with enriched TICs, as indicated by ABC transporter gene expression (MDR1 and BCPR1), chemo-resistance and tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, we report the first identification and isolation of SP cells from clinical GC tissues as well as human GC cell lines. These SP cells demonstrate higher tumorigenicity in vivo than does the overall cell population in the parent tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate that solid tumor tissue such as human GC contains TICs, with the existence of heterogeneity and distinct hierarchy in malignancy, suggesting the future possibility of a novel therapeutic tool targeting TICs for overcoming this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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38
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Abstract
Characterization of gene expression programs and pathways important for normal and cancer stem cells has become an active area of investigation. Microarray analysis of various cell populations provides an opportunity to assess genomewide expression programs to define cellular identity and to potentially identify pathways activated in various stem cells. Here we describe methods to isolate a leukemia stem cell population, amplify RNA, and perform microarray analyses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Krivtsov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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39
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Wu ZC, Huang Q, Shao YX, Xue ZM, Dong J, Diao Y, Wang AD, Lan Q. [Transplantation of human glioma stem cells in nude mice with green fluorescent protein expression]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008; 88:2317-2320. [PMID: 19087690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the possibility of transplantation of human glioma stem cells (HGSCs) in nude mice stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) so as to clearly identify the incubated HGSCs from the host tissues. METHODS Transgenic C57BL/6J mice expressing GFP was crossed with nude mice of the line NC, then hairless male nude mice expressing GFP were crossed with hairy female pubescent mice to obtain nude mice with GFP expression the expression of GFP in the skin and organs of these nude mice were evaluated by naked eyes, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays. HGSCs were transplanted orthotopically into the caudate nuclei of nude mice expressing GFP. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the transplanted tumor. RESULTS The structures rich in adipose tissue of the 8th generation nude mice were dark green and the other organs were light green. However, green fluorescence was emitted from all tissues under fluorescence microscopy. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that the tumor cells were stained red, distinguished from the host cells distinctly in the brains bearing tumor transplanted orthotopically. CONCLUSION Nude mice expressing GFP can be obtained by crossing the transgenic mice bearing naive immunity with nude mice. Orthotopic transplantation of HGSCs may be used in the investigation of tumor tissue reconstitution because of the easy identification between the transplantation tumor and host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-cheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou 215004, China
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40
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Kowal M, Hus M, Dmoszynska A, Kocki J, Grzasko N. Acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia in the recipient of a renal transplant from a donor with malignant lymphoma. Acta Haematol 2008; 119:187-9. [PMID: 18536518 DOI: 10.1159/000137944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Clone Cells/transplantation
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery
- Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/etiology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Thymus Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thymus Neoplasms/pathology
- Tissue Donors
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kowal
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantationt, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract
Tumor stem or initiating cells have been proposed to exist for melanoma. Stem-like cells have been propagated from melanoma cell lines and specimens. Additionally, classical stem cell markers, including ABCG2 and CD133, have been identified in clinical melanomas. However, definitive markers for the purification and further characterization of melanoma-initiating cells remained elusive. Recently, Schatton et al. provided solid evidence that the doxorubicin-resistant ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB5 marks primitive cells capable of recapitulating melanomas in xenotransplantation models. The identification of melanoma-initiating cells has far-reaching implications, as new therapeutic strategies can be envisioned that specifically target these cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Lineage
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/pathology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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42
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Jung J, Hackett NR, Pergolizzi RG, Pierre-Destine L, Krause A, Crystal RG. Ablation of tumor-derived stem cells transplanted to the central nervous system by genetic modification of embryonic stem cells with a suicide gene. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:1182-92. [PMID: 18021021 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based therapies open new possibilities as regenerative medicine for the treatment of human disease, but the presence of small numbers of undifferentiated ESCs within the transplant could lead to the development of tumors. The safety of ESC transplants would be enhanced if uncontrolled cell growth could be suppressed, using external stimuli. A lentiviral vector carrying the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes was used to genetically modify murine ESCs (HSVtk+GFP+ ESCs). In the presence of ganciclovir (GCV), 100% of HSVtk+GFP+ ESCs were killed in vitro, and 100% of flank tumors derived from HSVtk+GFP+ ESCs were eliminated. When CNS tumors were produced by the HSVtk+GFP+ ESCs, the tumor mass was completely eliminated on GCV treatment for 1 week. After GCV treatment for 3 weeks, histologic analysis showed no residual tumor cells and TaqMan realtime polymerase chain reaction analysis showed no genomic HSVtk copies or HSVtk mRNA. These data demonstrate that it is possible to use ex vivo gene transfer to modify ESCs with conditional genetic elements that can be activated in vivo to control undifferentiated ESC outgrowth and to eliminate transduced ESCs that have escaped growth control after ESC-mediated therapy to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Jung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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43
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Wu C, Wei Q, Utomo V, Nadesan P, Whetstone H, Kandel R, Wunder JS, Alman BA. Side population cells isolated from mesenchymal neoplasms have tumor initiating potential. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8216-22. [PMID: 17804735 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many cancers are maintained by tumor-initiating cells, this has not been shown for mesenchymal tumors, in part due to the lack of unique surface markers that identify mesenchymal progenitors. An alternative technique to isolate stem-like cells is to isolate side population (SP) cells based on efflux of Hoechst 33342 dye. We examined 29 mesenchymal tumors ranging from benign to high-grade sarcomas and identified SP cells in all but six samples. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of SP cells and the grade of the tumor. SP cells preferentially formed tumors when grafted into immunodeficient mice, and only cells from tumors that developed from the SP cells had the ability to initiate tumor formation upon serial transplantation. Although SP cells are able to efflux rhodamine dye in addition to Hoechst 33342, we found that the ability to efflux rhodamine dye did not identify a population of cells enriched for tumor-initiating capacity. Here, we identify a subpopulation of cells within a broad range of benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors with tumor-initiating capacity. In addition, our data suggest that the proportion of SP cells could be used as a prognostic factor and that therapeutically targeting this subpopulation of cells could be used to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Wu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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44
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Rosa DD, Ismael G, Lago LD, Awada A. Molecular-targeted therapies: lessons from years of clinical development. Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 34:61-80. [PMID: 17826917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, molecular-targeted therapies have been added to cytotoxic and anti-endocrine drugs in the treatment of cancer, with the aim to target the molecular pathways that underlie the carcinogenic process and maintain the cancer phenotype. Success with some of these agents has suggested that identification and validation of the drug target is the starting point for the route of development of active, safe and effective drugs. Main molecular targets used to the development of anticancer drugs are cell surface receptors, signal transduction pathways, gene transcription targets, ubiquitin-proteasome/heat shock proteins and tumour microenvironment components (especially antiangiogenic agents). Here, we review the development of the main molecular targeted non-cytotoxic agents studied in cancer, highlighting lessons derived from the development of these novel drugs and proposing new horizons for the clinical development of molecular-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Rosa
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Jules Bordet Institute, and L Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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45
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Pavletic SZ, Zhou G, Sobocinski K, Marti G, Doney K, DiPersio J, Feremans W, Foroni L, Goodman S, Prentice G, LeMaistre C, Bandini G, Ferrant A, Jacobsen N, Khouri I, Gale RP, Wiestner A, Giralt S, Montserrat E, Chan WC, Bredeson C. Genetically identical twin transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:2452-5. [PMID: 17728782 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We identified 19 persons with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who received genetically identical twin blood cell or bone marrow transplants after high-dose conditioning. Ten are alive (eight disease-free) with a median follow-up of 89 months (range, 31-171 months); 5-year relapse rate was 50% (95% confidence interval (CI), 26-73%). Estimated 5-year survival and disease-free survival were 61% (95% CI, 37-82%) and 45% (95% CI, 23-68%). In two of four patients tested at 12 and 21 months by polymerase chain reaction no evidence of residual CLL was detected post-transplant. In one recipient who relapsed at 6 years, molecular studies showed a different CLL clone from that detected pretransplant. This clone was subsequently identified in the donor suggesting transfer of occult leukemia at the time of transplant. Genetically identical twin transplants can result in long-term disease-free survival and molecular remissions, these data suggest the potential for CLL control in the absence of allogeneic graft-versus-leukemia effect. The case of leukemia transfer indicates the need for careful evaluation of donors prior to graft collection.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/statistics & numerical data
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Diseases in Twins/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/statistics & numerical data
- Postoperative Complications/mortality
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation Conditioning
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
- Transplantation, Homologous/statistics & numerical data
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Pavletic
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1203, USA.
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Abstract
Cancers are composed of heterogeneous cell populations, including highly proliferative immature precursors and differentiated cells, which may belong to different lineages. Recent advances in stem cell research have demonstrated the existence of tumour-initiating, cancer stem cells (CSCs) in non-solid and solid tumours. These cells are defined as CSCs because they show functional properties that resemble those of their normal counterpart to a significant extent. This concept applies to CSCs from brain tumours and, particularly, to glioblastoma stem-like cells, which self-renew under clonal conditions and differentiate into neuron- and glia-like cells, and into aberrant cells, with mixed neuronal/astroglia phenotypes. Notably, across serial transplantation into immunodeficient mice, glioblastoma stem-like cells are able to form secondary tumours which are a phenocopy of the human disease. A significant effort is underway to identify both CSC-specific markers and the molecular mechanism that underpin the tumorigenic potential of these cells, for this will have a critical impact on the understanding of the origin of malignant brain tumour and the discovery of new and more specific therapeutic approaches. Lately, the authors have shown that some of the bone morphogenetic proteins can reduce the tumorigenic ability of CSCs in GBMs. This suggests that mechanisms regulating the physiology of normal brain stem cells may be still in place in their cancerous siblings and that this may lead to the development of cures that selectively target the population CSCs found in the patients' tumour mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G M Piccirillo
- University of Milan, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Bicocca & Stemgen, SPA, Milan, Italy
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Ping YF, Yao XH, Bian XW, Chen JH, Zhang R, Yi L, Zhou ZH. [Activation of CXCR4 in human glioma stem cells promotes tumor angiogenesis]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2007; 36:179-83. [PMID: 17535685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate, culture and identify glioma stem cells from human malignant glioma cell line U87, and investigate the changes of pro-angiogenic factors production by glioma stem cells followed by activation of CXCR4 and observe their tumorigenesis as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor when implanted into nude mice. METHODS The ratio of CD133 positive cells was detected by flow cytometry. Magnetic separation of CD133 positive cells was carried out on the magnetic cell sorting system (MACS). Expression of nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CXCR4 on tumorspheres was detected by indirect immunofluorescence under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The functional activation of CXCR4 was assessed by calcium mobilization experiments. ELISA was used to detect the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in conditioned medium. Glioma stem cells were implanted into nude mice to assess their tumorigenesis ability and the expression of VEGF. RESULTS The ratio of CD133 positive cells with stem cell property was 0.5% in U87 cells. Activation of CXCR4 on glioma stem cells induced calcium mobilization and increased VEGF and IL-8 protein secretion. CD133 positive cells secreted more VEGF and IL-8 than their negative counterparts in vitro. Tumors derived from CD133 positive cells grew more rapidly and expressed elevated level of VEGF than their negative counterparts. CONCLUSIONS There are a small fraction of glioma stem cells in human glioblastoma cell line U87. Expressing functional CXCR4 and secreting more pro-angiogenic factors may be involved in tumor angiogenesis mediated by glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Hart J, Turner AR, Larratt L, Russell J, Franko B, Frantz C, Paonessa T, Mansoor A, Lai R. Transmission of a follicular lymphoma by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation ? evidence to support the existence of lymphoma progenitor cells. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:166-7. [PMID: 17096686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Ataergin S, Arpaci F, Beyzadeoglu M, Safali M, Ozet A. A long-lasting third complete remission after second autologous transplant followed by maintenance treatment with rituximab in a patient with diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:986-7. [PMID: 16886214 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Yalcintepe L, Frankel AE, Hogge DE. Expression of interleukin-3 receptor subunits on defined subpopulations of acute myeloid leukemia blasts predicts the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin interleukin-3 fusion protein against malignant progenitors that engraft in immunodeficient mice. Blood 2006; 108:3530-7. [PMID: 16882709 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-013813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3R) subunits are overexpressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts compared with normal hematopoietic cells and are thus potential targets for novel therapeutic agents. Both fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were used to quantify expression of the IL-3Rα and βc subunits on AML cells. QRT-PCR for both subunits was most predictive of killing of AML colony-forming cells (AML-CFCs) by diphtheria toxin-IL-3 fusion protein (DT388IL3). Among 19 patient samples, the relative level of the IL-3Rα was higher than the IL-3Rβc and highest in CD34+CD38-CD71- cells, enriched for candidate leukemia stem cells, compared with cell fractions depleted of such progenitors. Overall, the amount of IL-3Rβc subunit did not vary among sorted subpopulations. However, expression of both subunits varied by more than 10-fold among different AML samples for all subpopulations studied. The level of IL-3Rβc expression versus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (set at 1000) ranged from 0.14 to 13.56 in CD34+CD38-CD71- cells from different samples; this value was correlated (r = .76, P = .05) with the ability of DT388IL3 to kill AML progenitors that engraft in β2-microglobin-deficient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice (n = 7). Thus, quantification of IL-3R subunit expression on AML blasts predicts the effectiveness IL-3R-targeted therapy in killing primitive leukemic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leman Yalcintepe
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
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