1
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Uckelmann HJ, Kim SM, Wong EM, Hatton C, Giovinazzo H, Gadrey JY, Krivtsov AV, Rücker FG, Döhner K, McGeehan GM, Levine RL, Bullinger L, Vassiliou GS, Armstrong SA. Therapeutic targeting of preleukemia cells in a mouse model of NPM1 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Science 2020; 367:586-590. [PMID: 32001657 PMCID: PMC7754791 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The initiating mutations that contribute to cancer development are sometimes present in premalignant cells. Whether therapies targeting these mutations can eradicate premalignant cells is unclear. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an attractive system for investigating the effect of preventative treatment because this disease is often preceded by a premalignant state (clonal hematopoiesis or myelodysplastic syndrome). In Npm1c/Dnmt3a mutant knock-in mice, a model of AML development, leukemia is preceded by a period of extended myeloid progenitor cell proliferation and self-renewal. We found that this self-renewal can be reversed by oral administration of a small molecule (VTP-50469) that targets the MLL1-Menin chromatin complex. These preclinical results support the hypothesis that individuals at high risk of developing AML might benefit from targeted epigenetic therapy in a preventative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Uckelmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Wong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Hatton
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugh Giovinazzo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayant Y Gadrey
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank G Rücker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ross L Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Campos-Sanchez E, Vicente-Dueñas C, Rodríguez-Hernández G, Capstick M, Kuster N, Dasenbrock C, Sánchez-García I, Cobaleda C. Novel ETV6-RUNX1 Mouse Model to Study the Role of ELF-MF in Childhood B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a Pilot Study. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:343-353. [PMID: 31157932 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as "possibly carcinogenic to humans," based on limited scientific evidence concerning childhood leukemia. This assessment emphasized the lack of appropriate animal models recapitulating the natural history of this disease. Childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the result of complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and exposure to exogenous agents. The most common chromosomal alteration is the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene, which confers a low risk of developing the malignancy by originating a preleukemic clone requiring secondary hits for full-blown disease to appear. To develop potential prophylactic interventions, we need to identify the environmental triggers of the second hit. Recently, we generated a B-ALL mouse model of the human ETV6-RUNX1+ preleukemic state. Here, we present the results from the ARIMMORA pilot study, obtained by exposing 34 Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mice (vs. 27 unexposed) to a 50 Hz magnetic field of 1.5 mT with both fundamental and harmonic content, with an on/off cycle of 10 min/5 min, for 20 h/day, from conception until 3 months of age. Mice were monitored until 2 years of age and peripheral blood was periodically analyzed by flow cytometry. One of the exposed mice developed B-ALL while none of the non-exposed did. Although the results are statistically non-significant due to the limited number of mice used in this pilot experiment, overall, the results show that the newly developed Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mouse can be successfully used for ELF-MF exposure studies about the etiology of childhood B-ALL. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:343-353. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campos-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Vicente-Dueñas
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Niels Kuster
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Dasenbrock
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isidro Sánchez-García
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Fu JF, Yen TH, Huang YJ, Shih LY. Ets1 Plays a Critical Role in MLL/EB1-Mediated Leukemic Transformation in a Mouse Bone Marrow Transplantation Model. Neoplasia 2019; 21:469-481. [PMID: 30974389 PMCID: PMC6458341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemogenic potential of MLL fusion with the coiled-coil domain-containing partner genes and the downstream target genes of this type of MLL fusion have not been clearly investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the coiled-coil–four-helix bundle structure of EB1 that participated in the MLL/EB1 was required for immortalizing mouse bone marrow (BM) cells and producing myeloid, but not lymphoid, cell lines. Compared to MLL/AF10, MLL/EB1 had low leukemogenic ability. The MLL/EB1 cells grew more slowly owing to increased apoptosis in vitro and induced acute monocytic leukemia with an incomplete penetrance and longer survival in vivo. A comparative analysis of transcriptome profiling between MLL/EB1 and MLL/AF10 cell lines revealed that there was an at least two-fold difference in the induction of 318 genes; overall, 51.3% (163/318) of the genes were known to be bound by MLL, while 15.4% (49/318) were bound by both MLL and MLL/AF9. Analysis of the 318 genes using Gene Ontology–PANTHER overrepresentation test revealed significant differences in several biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation/programmed cell death, and cell homing/recruitment. The Ets1 gene, bound by MLL and MLL/AF9, was involved in several biological processes. We demonstrated that Ets1 was selectively upregulated by MLL/EB1. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of Ets1 in MLL/EB1 cells reduced the expression of CD115, apoptosis rate, competitive engraftment to BM and spleen, and incidence of leukemia and prolonged the survival of the diseased mice. Our results demonstrated that MLL/EB1 upregulated Ets1, which controlled the balance of leukemia cells between apoptosis and BM engraftment/clonal expansion. Novelty and impact of this study The leukemogenic potential of MLL fusion with cytoplasmic proteins containing coiled-coil dimerization domains and the downstream target genes of this type of MLL fusion remain largely unknown. Using a retroviral transduction/transplantation mouse model, we demonstrated that MLL fusion with the coiled-coil–four-helix bundle structure of EB1 has low leukemogenic ability; Ets1, which is upregulated by MLL/EB1, plays a critical role in leukemic transformation by balance between apoptosis and BM engraftment/clonal expansion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Fen Fu
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yung Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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4
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Park SM, Cho H, Thornton AM, Barlowe TS, Chou T, Chhangawala S, Fairchild L, Taggart J, Chow A, Schurer A, Gruet A, Witkin MD, Kim JH, Shevach EM, Krivtsov A, Armstrong SA, Leslie C, Kharas MG. IKZF2 Drives Leukemia Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Inhibits Myeloid Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:153-165.e7. [PMID: 30472158 PMCID: PMC6602096 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukemias exhibit a dysregulated developmental program mediated through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although IKZF2 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we found that it is dispensable for mouse and human HSC function. In contrast to its role as a tumor suppressor in hypodiploid B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we found that IKZF2 is required for myeloid leukemia. IKZF2 is highly expressed in leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and its deficiency results in defective LSC function. IKZF2 depletion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells reduced colony formation, increased differentiation and apoptosis, and delayed leukemogenesis. Gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and direct IKZF2 binding in MLL-AF9 LSCs demonstrate that IKZF2 regulates a HOXA9 self-renewal gene expression program and inhibits a C/EBP-driven differentiation program. Ectopic HOXA9 expression and CEBPE depletion rescued the effects of IKZF2 depletion. Thus, our study shows that IKZF2 regulates the AML LSC program and provides a rationale to therapeutically target IKZF2 in myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Self Renewal
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoiesis
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Thornton
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trevor S Barlowe
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Chou
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Fairchild
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Taggart
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Chow
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandria Schurer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antoine Gruet
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Witkin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Hyun Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrei Krivtsov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 is required in the embryo for formation of the adult hematopoietic system. Here, we describe the seminal findings that led to the discovery of RUNX1 and of its critical role in blood cell formation in the embryo from hemogenic endothelium (HE). We also present RNA-sequencing data demonstrating that HE cells in different anatomic sites, which produce hematopoietic progenitors with dissimilar differentiation potentials, are molecularly distinct. Hemogenic and non-HE cells in the yolk sac are more closely related to each other than either is to hemogenic or non-HE cells in the major arteries. Therefore, a major driver of the different lineage potentials of the committed erythro-myeloid progenitors that emerge in the yolk sac versus hematopoietic stem cells that originate in the major arteries is likely to be the distinct molecular properties of the HE cells from which they are derived. We used bioinformatics analyses to predict signaling pathways active in arterial HE, which include the functionally validated pathways Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. We also used a novel bioinformatics approach to assemble transcriptional regulatory networks and predict transcription factors that may be specifically involved in hematopoietic cell formation from arterial HE, which is the origin of the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Changya Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/etiology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/genetics
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/transmission
- Animals
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/isolation & purification
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/transmission
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Virus Replication
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7
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El Ashkar S, Schwaller J, Pieters T, Goossens S, Demeulemeester J, Christ F, Van Belle S, Juge S, Boeckx N, Engelman A, Van Vlierberghe P, Debyser Z, De Rijck J. LEDGF/p75 is dispensable for hematopoiesis but essential for MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis. Blood 2018; 131:95-107. [PMID: 29084774 PMCID: PMC5755044 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-786962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) represents a genetically distinct and aggressive subset of human acute leukemia carrying chromosomal translocations of the MLL gene. These translocations result in oncogenic fusions that mediate aberrant recruitment of the transcription machinery to MLL target genes. The N-terminus of MLL and MLL-fusions form a complex with lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75; encoded by the PSIP1 gene) and MENIN. This complex contributes to the association of MLL and MLL-fusion multiprotein complexes with the chromatin. Several studies have shown that both MENIN and LEDGF/p75 are required for efficient MLL-fusion-mediated transformation and for the expression of downstream MLL-regulated genes such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 In light of developing a therapeutic strategy targeting this complex, understanding the function of LEDGF/p75 in normal hematopoiesis is crucial. We generated a conditional Psip1 knockout mouse model in the hematopoietic compartment and examined the effects of LEDGF/p75 depletion in postnatal hematopoiesis and the initiation of MLL leukemogenesis. Psip1 knockout mice were viable but showed several defects in hematopoiesis, reduced colony-forming activity in vitro, decreased expression of Hox genes in the hematopoietic stem cells, and decreased MLL occupancy at MLL target genes. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that LEDGF/p75 is dispensable for steady-state hematopoiesis but essential for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemia. These data corroborate the MLL-LEDGF/p75 interaction as novel target for the treatment of MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Ashkar
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Pieters
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siska Van Belle
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Juge
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Alan Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Dasgupta Y, Koptyra M, Hoser G, Kantekure K, Roy D, Gornicka B, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müschen M, Valent P, Wasik MA, Richardson C, Hantschel O, van der Kuip H, Stoklosa T, Skorski T. Normal ABL1 is a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in human and mouse leukemias expressing oncogenic ABL1 kinases. Blood 2016; 127:2131-43. [PMID: 26864341 PMCID: PMC4850868 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias expressing constitutively activated mutants of ABL1 tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, NUP214-ABL1) usually contain at least 1 normal ABL1 allele. Because oncogenic and normal ABL1 kinases may exert opposite effects on cell behavior, we examined the role of normal ABL1 in leukemias induced by oncogenic ABL1 kinases. BCR-ABL1-Abl1(-/-) cells generated highly aggressive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-blast phase-like disease in mice compared with less malignant CML-chronic phase-like disease from BCR-ABL1-Abl1(+/+) cells. Additionally, loss of ABL1 stimulated proliferation and expansion of BCR-ABL1 murine leukemia stem cells, arrested myeloid differentiation, inhibited genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, and facilitated accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, allosteric stimulation of ABL1 kinase activity enhanced the antileukemia effect of ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and ponatinib) in human and murine leukemias expressing BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, and NUP214-ABL1. Therefore, we postulate that normal ABL1 kinase behaves like a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in leukemias expressing oncogenic forms of the kinase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, abl
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/physiology
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kanchan Kantekure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Darshan Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara Gornicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany; and
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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9
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Giotopoulos G, van der Weyden L, Osaki H, Rust AG, Gallipoli P, Meduri E, Horton SJ, Chan WI, Foster D, Prinjha RK, Pimanda JE, Tenen DG, Vassiliou GS, Koschmieder S, Adams DJ, Huntly BJP. A novel mouse model identifies cooperating mutations and therapeutic targets critical for chronic myeloid leukemia progression. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1551-69. [PMID: 26304963 PMCID: PMC4577832 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of highly selective ABL-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, TKIs are only efficacious in the chronic phase of the disease and effective therapies for TKI-refractory CML, or after progression to blast crisis (BC), are lacking. Whereas the chronic phase of CML is dependent on BCR-ABL, additional mutations are required for progression to BC. However, the identity of these mutations and the pathways they affect are poorly understood, hampering our ability to identify therapeutic targets and improve outcomes. Here, we describe a novel mouse model that allows identification of mechanisms of BC progression in an unbiased and tractable manner, using transposon-based insertional mutagenesis on the background of chronic phase CML. Our BC model is the first to faithfully recapitulate the phenotype, cellular and molecular biology of human CML progression. We report a heterogeneous and unique pattern of insertions identifying known and novel candidate genes and demonstrate that these pathways drive disease progression and provide potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies. Our model greatly informs the biology of CML progression and provides a potent resource for the development of candidate therapies to improve the dismal outcomes in this highly aggressive disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA Transposable Elements
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genes, myb
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/mortality
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Mutation
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- George Giotopoulos
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hikari Osaki
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Alistair G Rust
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, England, UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Eshwar Meduri
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Sarah J Horton
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Wai-In Chan
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Donna Foster
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epinova DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England, UK
| | - John E Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England, UK
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10
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Corzo D, Salazar M, Granja CB, Yunis EJ. Advances in HLA genetics. Exp Clin Immunogenet 2015; 12:156-70. [PMID: 8534502 DOI: 10.1159/000424868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic system of over 70 known genes that occupies the midportion of the short arm of the sixth chromosome (C6p) and spans about 4 million base pairs of DNA. The high-resolution typing of class I and class II MHC genes and the identification of genes between and near them has increased the definition of the genetic basis of immune responses and diseases of unknown etiology such as autoimmune diseases in man. Although there are many more genetic systems that participate in the rejection of tissues and in the immune response, the MHC plays a central role in tissue compatibility and immune response against cancer and infectious diseases. In this paper, the authors review evidence about the role of HLA polymorphism in the pathogenesis and development of cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corzo
- Division of Immunogenetics Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass 02115, USA
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11
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McAllister RM, Gardner MB, Nicolson MO, Gilden RV, Davidson N. RD-114 virus: characterization and identification. Prog Exp Tumor Res 2015; 21:196-215. [PMID: 77028 DOI: 10.1159/000400864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Rich MA, Rich R, Johns L. The ova in vertical transmission of leukemia. Bibl Haematol 2015; 39:362-9. [PMID: 4777992 DOI: 10.1159/000427863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Chieco-Bianchi L, Collavo D, Pennelli N, Tridente G. Immunological and genetic factors in murine virus-induced leukemia. Bibl Haematol 2015:234-9. [PMID: 5538520 DOI: 10.1159/000391712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Bentvelzen P, Timmermans A, Daams JH, van der Gugten A. Genetic transmission of mammary tumor inciting viruses in mice; possible implications for murine leukemia. Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:101-3. [PMID: 4300002 DOI: 10.1159/000391233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Li BE, Ernst P. Two decades of leukemia oncoprotein epistasis: the MLL1 paradigm for epigenetic deregulation in leukemia. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:995-1012. [PMID: 25264566 PMCID: PMC4307938 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MLL1, located on human chromosome 11, is disrupted in distinct recurrent chromosomal translocations in several leukemia subsets. Studying the MLL1 gene and its oncogenic variants has provided a paradigm for understanding cancer initiation and maintenance through aberrant epigenetic gene regulation. Here we review the historical development of model systems to recapitulate oncogenic MLL1-rearrangement (MLL-r) alleles encoding mixed-lineage leukemia fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) or internal gene rearrangement products. These largely mouse and human cell/xenograft systems have been generated and used to understand how MLL-r alleles affect diverse pathways to result in a highly penetrant, drug-resistant leukemia. The particular features of the animal models influenced the conclusions of mechanisms of transformation. We discuss significant downstream enablers, inhibitors, effectors, and collaborators of MLL-r leukemia, including molecules that directly interact with MLL-FPs and endogenous mixed-lineage leukemia protein, direct target genes of MLL-FPs, and other pathways that have proven to be influential in supporting or suppressing the leukemogenic activity of MLL-FPs. The use of animal models has been complemented with patient sample, genome-wide analyses to delineate the important genomic and epigenomic changes that occur in distinct subsets of MLL-r leukemia. Collectively, these studies have resulted in rapid progress toward developing new strategies for targeting MLL-r leukemia and general cell-biological principles that may broadly inform targeting aberrant epigenetic regulators in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin E Li
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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16
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Ben-Ishay Z. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor by an experimental murine tumor of acute myeloid leukemia origin. Acta Haematol 2013; 131:183-6. [PMID: 24247599 DOI: 10.1159/000355185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Ben-Ishay
- Section of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Bindels LB, Beck R, Schakman O, Martin JC, De Backer F, Sohet FM, Dewulf EM, Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Thissen JP, Verrax J, Calderon PB, Pot B, Grangette C, Cani PD, Scott KP, Delzenne NM. Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37971. [PMID: 22761662 PMCID: PMC3384645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has recently been proposed as a novel component in the regulation of host homeostasis and immunity. We have assessed for the first time the role of the gut microbiota in a mouse model of leukemia (transplantation of BaF3 cells containing ectopic expression of Bcr-Abl), characterized at the final stage by a loss of fat mass, muscle atrophy, anorexia and inflammation. The gut microbial 16S rDNA analysis, using PCR-Denaturating Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and quantitative PCR, reveals a dysbiosis and a selective modulation of Lactobacillus spp. (decrease of L. reuteri and L. johnsonii/gasseri in favor of L. murinus/animalis) in the BaF3 mice compared to the controls. The restoration of Lactobacillus species by oral supplementation with L. reuteri 100-23 and L. gasseri 311476 reduced the expression of atrophy markers (Atrogin-1, MuRF1, LC3, Cathepsin L) in the gastrocnemius and in the tibialis, a phenomenon correlated with a decrease of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-4, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, quantified by multiplex immuno-assay). These positive effects are strain- and/or species-specific since L. acidophilus NCFM supplementation does not impact on muscle atrophy markers and systemic inflammation. Altogether, these results suggest that the gut microbiota could constitute a novel therapeutic target in the management of leukemia-associated inflammation and related disorders in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Beck
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute Of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer C. Martin
- Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Fabienne De Backer
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence M. Sohet
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne M. Dewulf
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara D. Pachikian
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Departement of Diabetology and Nutrition, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Verrax
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Pot
- Lactic Acid Bacteria and Mucosal Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019-CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Grangette
- Lactic Acid Bacteria and Mucosal Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019-CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen P. Scott
- Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Xu LH, Fang JP, Weng WJ, Xu HG, Zhang YT. [Therapeutic effect of focal adhesion kinase gene silence on leukemia]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2011; 19:602-606. [PMID: 21729532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene silence on leukemia cell growth, leukemogenesis and efficacy of chemotherapy drug. Vector containing lentiviral-FAK-shRNA was constructed and transfected into BCR/ABL-BaF3 leukemic cells, the cell growth and apoptosis were detected in vitro. The effect of FAK shRNA on leukemogenesis was studied in a murine model with leukemia. The apoptosis of leukemia cells and survival of leukemic mice treated by FAK shRNA combined with drug STI571 were monitored. The results showed that FAK gene expression was knocked down by lentiviral-FAK-shRNA. FAK gene silencing inhibited leukemia cell growth in vitro. The apoptosis test results showed that the percentages of Annexin V(+) cells in vector control group and FAK shRNA group were (3.46 ± 0.56)% and (7.3 ± 0.79)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mice in vector control group died at day 21 to 27, while the mice in FAK shRNA group died between day 52 and 60, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, FAK gene silence combined with drug STI571 could enhance the apoptosis of leukemia cells and prolong survival time of leukemic mice. It is concluded that FAK gene silence inhibits leukemogenesis and promotes efficacy of chemotherapy drug on leukemia cells, indicating FAK gene silence may be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lü-Hong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Rakhra K, Bachireddy P, Zabuawala T, Zeiser R, Xu L, Kopelman A, Fan AC, Yang Q, Braunstein L, Crosby E, Ryeom S, Felsher DW. CD4(+) T cells contribute to the remodeling of the microenvironment required for sustained tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:485-98. [PMID: 21035406 PMCID: PMC2991103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene addiction is thought to occur cell autonomously. Immune effectors are implicated in the initiation and restraint of tumorigenesis, but their role in oncogene inactivation-mediated tumor regression is unclear. Here, we show that an intact immune system, specifically CD4(+) T cells, is required for the induction of cellular senescence, shutdown of angiogenesis, and chemokine expression resulting in sustained tumor regression upon inactivation of the MYC or BCR-ABL oncogenes in mouse models of T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and pro-B cell leukemia, respectively. Moreover, immune effectors knocked out for thrombospondins failed to induce sustained tumor regression. Hence, CD4(+) T cells are required for the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment through the expression of chemokines, such as thrombospondins, in order to elicit oncogene addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Rakhra
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Pavan Bachireddy
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Tahera Zabuawala
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Liwen Xu
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Andrew Kopelman
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Alice C. Fan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Lior Braunstein
- Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Erika Crosby
- Department of Cancer Biology, Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Address correspondence to: ., Phone: (650) 725-6454, Fax: (650) 725-1420
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20
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Nagaraj S, Schrum AG, Cho HI, Celis E, Gabrilovich DI. Mechanism of T cell tolerance induced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol 2010. [PMID: 20142361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902661.mechanism] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ag-specific T cell tolerance plays a critical role in tumor escape. Recent studies implicated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the induction of CD8(+) T cell tolerance in tumor-bearing hosts. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon remained unclear. We have found that incubation of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, with peptide-loaded MDSCs, did not induce signaling downstream of TCR. However, it prevented subsequent signaling from peptide-loaded dendritic cells. Using double TCR transgenic CD8(+) T cells, we have demonstrated that MDSC induced tolerance to only the peptide, which was presented by MDSCs. T cell response to the peptide specific to the other TCR was not affected. Incubation of MDSCs with Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells caused nitration of the molecules on the surface of CD8(+) T cells, localized to the site of physical interaction between MDSC and T cells, which involves preferentially only TCR specific for the peptide presented by MDSCs. Postincubation with MDSCs, only nitrotyrosine-positive CD8(+) T cells demonstrated profound nonresponsiveness to the specific peptide, whereas nitrotyrosine-negative CD8(+) T cells responded normally to that stimulation. MDSCs caused dissociation between TCR and CD3zeta molecules, disrupting TCR complexes on T cells. Thus, these data describe a novel mechanism of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell tolerance in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Myeloid Cells/transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transplantation Tolerance/genetics
- Transplantation Tolerance/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nagaraj
- Department of Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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21
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Davé UP, Akagi K, Tripathi R, Cleveland SM, Thompson MA, Yi M, Stephens R, Downing JR, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. Murine leukemias with retroviral insertions at Lmo2 are predictive of the leukemias induced in SCID-X1 patients following retroviral gene therapy. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000491. [PMID: 19461887 PMCID: PMC2679194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Five X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency patients (SCID-X1) successfully treated with autologous bone marrow stem cells infected ex vivo with an IL2RG-containing retrovirus subsequently developed T-cell leukemia and four contained insertional mutations at LMO2. Genetic evidence also suggests a role for IL2RG in tumor formation, although this remains controversial. Here, we show that the genes and signaling pathways deregulated in murine leukemias with retroviral insertions at Lmo2 are similar to those deregulated in human leukemias with high LMO2 expression and are highly predictive of the leukemias induced in SCID-X1 patients. We also provide additional evidence supporting the notion that IL2RG and LMO2 cooperate in leukemia induction but are not sufficient and require additional cooperating mutations. The highly concordant nature of the genetic events giving rise to mouse and human leukemias with mutations at Lmo2 are an encouraging sign to those wanting to use mice to model human cancer and may help in designing safer methods for retroviral gene therapy. Twenty patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Unfortunately, five of these patients have developed T-cell leukemia two or more years after receiving the therapeutic gene IL2RG on a retroviral vector. The leukemias developed because the vector inserted itself near cancer-causing genes and disrupted their normal regulation. Remarkably, in four patients, the vector inserted near a known T-cell oncogene, LMO2. We have found that in mice, similar retroviruses cause T-cell leukemias by inserting near Lmo2. We have found two leukemias that have retroviral insertions near Lmo2 and Il2rg in the same cell. The probability of these insertions happening by chance is exceedingly small and these results imply that these two genes are deregulated together to induce leukemia. Our data show that Lmo2 and Il2rg cooperate but may not be sufficient for leukemia development and additional mutations contribute to leukemia development. We have also found cooperating retroviral insertions in genes that are abnormally expressed in human T-cell leukemias. The mouse models provide unique insight into the pathogenesis of T-cell leukemia, and they are highly predictive of the leukemias caused by SCID-X1 gene therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics
- LIM Domain Proteins
- Leukemia, Experimental/etiology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Metalloproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Virus Integration/genetics
- X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases/complications
- X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases/genetics
- X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal P Davé
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bernoco
- Department of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
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23
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Bogush IG, Shabalkin PI, Iagubov AS. [Characteristics of the morphofunctional condition of cell populations by the modal cell class in response to transplantation of lymphocytic leukemia p-388]. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter 2009:35-39. [PMID: 19382623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
On the model of transplanted leukemia p-388, cytophotometry has shown that tumors' impact on the body includes two stages: direct affection of the target organ, indirect affection through changes in functional relations with cell populations of other organs due to the impact of transformed cells of the damaged target organ. Moreover, the progress of tumor growth alters functional relations between the organs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow/physiopathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Experimental/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/physiopathology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/physiopathology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Neoplasm Transplantation
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24
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Abstract
Characterization of gene expression programs and pathways important for normal and cancer stem cells has become an active area of investigation. Microarray analysis of various cell populations provides an opportunity to assess genomewide expression programs to define cellular identity and to potentially identify pathways activated in various stem cells. Here we describe methods to isolate a leukemia stem cell population, amplify RNA, and perform microarray analyses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Krivtsov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Petit V, Guétard D, Renard M, Keriel A, Sitbon M, Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP. Murine APOBEC1 is a powerful mutator of retroviral and cellular RNA in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Biol 2008; 385:65-78. [PMID: 18983852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian APOBEC molecules comprise a large family of cytidine deaminases with specificity for RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). APOBEC1s are invariably highly specific and edit a single residue in a cellular mRNA, while the cellular targets for APOBEC3s are not clearly established, although they may curtail the transposition of some retrotransposons. Two of the seven member human APOBEC3 enzymes strongly restrict human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro and in vivo. We show here that ssDNA hyperediting of an infectious exogenous gammaretrovirus, the Friend-murine leukemia virus, by murine APOBEC1 and APOBEC3 deaminases occurs in vitro. Murine APOBEC1 was able to hyperdeaminate cytidine residues in murine leukemia virus genomic RNA as well. Analysis of the edited sites shows that the deamination in vivo was due to mouse APOBEC1 rather than APOBEC3. Furthermore, murine APOBEC1 is able to hyperedit its primary substrate in vivo, the apolipoprotein B mRNA, and a variety of heterologous RNAs. In short, murine APOBEC1 is a hypermutator of both RNA and ssDNA in vivo, which could exert occasional side effects upon overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Petit
- Unité de Rétrovirologie Moléculaire, CNRS URA, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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26
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Li ZJ, Chen ZX, Cen JN, He J, Qiu QC, Yao L. [Biphasic effect of TIMP-2 on the growth of leukemic SHI-1 cells in nude mice]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2008; 29:370-374. [PMID: 19031737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) on the infiltrative patterns of human monocytic leukemic cell line SHI-1 in nude mice. METHODS 1) 1 x 10(7) TIMP-2 gene transduced SHI-1 (SHI-1-TIMP-2) and SHI-1 transduced MSCV gene (SHI-1-MSCV) cells were inoculated via tail vein into 6-week nude mice, which pretreated by splenectomy, cytoxan intraperitoneal injection, and sublethal irradiation(referred as SCI nude mice). 30 days after inoculation, half of the mice were sacrificed, and the infiltration patterns were investigated by histological exam and human CD45 immunohistochemistry, other mice were observed for survival time. 2) Leukemic cells inoculated subcutaneously into the axillary area of mice without any pre-treatment. On day 23 and 30, mice were sacrificed to measure the volume of neoplasm. TIMP-2 protein expression and the micro vein density were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In SCI nude mice inoculated via caudal vein with SHI-1-TIMP-2 cells, the survival time was shorter and infiltration (including in central nervous system) was higher than that in those inoculated with SHI-1-MSCV cells. However, in inoculated subcutaneously group, the neoplasm though grew rapidly at first, over expression of TIMP-2 limited the tumor growth and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION The functions of TIMP-2 are diversity; the role of TIMP-2 in tumor infiltration and metastasis was worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-jiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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27
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Harikumar KB, Kuttan G, Kuttan R. Inhibition of progression of erythroleukemia induced by Friend virus in BALB/c mice by natural products--berberine, curcumin and picroliv. J Exp Ther Oncol 2008; 7:275-284. [PMID: 19227007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The infection with Friend murine leukemia virus (FMuLv) is being used as a retrovirus infection model for searching the potential anti-viral medicinal preparations or establishing new treatment strategies. In the present study we have evaluated the inhibitory effect of three non-toxic antiviral natural compounds namely berberine, curcumin or picroliv against FMuLv induced erythroleukemia in BALB/c mice. To understand the effect of these compounds in the initiation and progression of leukemia we did a series of analysis, which include hematological and biochemical parameters, histopathological evaluations of the liver and the spleen and expression analysis of selected genes such as Bcl-2, p53, p45NFE2, Raf-1, Erk-1, IFNgamma receptor and erythropoietin in spleen. The treatment with berberine, curcumin or picroliv were found to (a) elevate the life span of leukemia harboring animals by more than 60 days; (b) decreased the anemic condition which was highly prevalent in FMuLv alone treated group; (c) histopathological evaluations showed that the compounds tested here inhibited the massive leukemic cell infiltrations to sinusoidal spaces in spleen; (d) decrease the expression of Bcl-2, Raf-1, Erk-1 IFNgamma receptor and erythropoietin; (e) induce the expression of p53. Overall, our results suggest that berberine, curcumin and picroliv were able to suppress the progression of leukemia induced by FMuLv and further support their chemopreventive potential against virally induced cancers.
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28
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Motoda L, Osato M, Yamashita N, Jacob B, Chen LQ, Yanagida M, Ida H, Wee HJ, Sun AX, Taniuchi I, Littman D, Ito Y. Runx1 protects hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from oncogenic insult. Stem Cells 2007; 25:2976-86. [PMID: 17823240 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The RUNX1/AML1 gene encodes a transcription factor essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells and is frequently targeted in human leukemia. In human RUNX1-related leukemias, the RAS pathway is often concurrently mutated, but the mechanism of the synergism remains elusive. Here, we found that inactivation of Runx1 in mouse bone marrow cells results in an increase in the stem/progenitor cell fraction due to suppression of apoptosis and elevated expression of the polycomb gene Bmi-1, which is important for stem cell self-renewal. Introduction of oncogenic N-RAS into wild-type cells, in contrast, reduced the stem/progenitor cell fraction because of senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. Such detrimental events presumably occurred because of the cellular fail-safe program, although hyperproliferation was initially induced by an oncogenic stimulus. Runx1 insufficiency appears to impair such a fail-safe mechanism, particularly in the stem/progenitor cells, thereby supporting the clonal maintenance of leukemia-initiating cells expressing an activated oncogene. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Motoda
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore
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29
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Hosen N, Shirakata T, Nishida S, Yanagihara M, Tsuboi A, Kawakami M, Oji Y, Oka Y, Okabe M, Tan B, Sugiyama H, Weissman IL. The Wilms’ tumor gene WT1-GFP knock-in mouse reveals the dynamic regulation of WT1 expression in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2007; 21:1783-91. [PMID: 17525726 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in most of human leukemias regardless of disease subtypes. To characterize the expression pattern of WT1 during normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis, we generated a knock-in reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse (WT1(GFP/+)) and assayed for WT1 expression in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. In normal hematopoietic cells, WT1 was expressed in none of the long-term (LT) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and very few (<1%) of the multipotent progenitor cells. In contrast, in murine leukemias induced by acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1)/ETO+TEL/PDGFbetaR or BCR/ABL, WT1 was expressed in 40.5 or 38.9% of immature c-kit(+)lin(-)Sca-1(+) (KLS) cells, which contained a subset, but not all, of transplantable leukemic stem cells (LSCs). WT1 expression was minimal in normal fetal liver HSCs and mobilized HSCs, both of which are stimulated for proliferation. In addition, overexpression of WT1 in HSCs did not result in proliferation or expansion of HSCs and their progeny in vivo. Thus, the mechanism by which expansion of WT1-expressing cells occurs in leukemia remains unclear. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that the WT1(GFP/+) mouse is a powerful tool for analyzing WT1-expressing cells, and they highlight the potential of WT1, as a specific therapeutic target that is expressed in LSCs but not in normal HSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow
- Cell Proliferation
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Wilms Tumor
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lentivirus
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Transfection
- WT1 Proteins/genetics
- WT1 Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hosen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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30
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Shen HL, Xu W, Wu ZY, Zhou LL, Qin RJ, Tang HR. Vector-based RNAi approach to isoform-specific downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165 expression in human leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2007; 31:515-21. [PMID: 17034851 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role during normal embryonic angiogenesis and also in the pathological angiogenesis that occurs in a number of diseases, including cancer. K562 human leukemia cells overexpress VEGF, with a shift in isoform production from membrane-bound VEGF189 to the more soluble VEGF165. In the present study, three 19 bp reverse repeated motifs targeting exons 5 and 7 boundary of VEGF165 gene sequence with 9 bp spacer were synthesized and cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pGenesil-1 containing U6 shRNA promoter and termination signal of RNA polymerase. The recombinant plasmids pGenesil-VR1, pGenesil-VR2, pGenesil-VR3 and pGenesil-con (plasmid containing random DNA fragment) were transfected into K562 cells, respectively, through lipofectamine reagent. A vector-based small interfering RNA(SiRNA) inhibited VEGF165 mRNA expression by 72% and protein production by 67% in K562 cells. Human microvascular endothelial cell migration induced by conditioned medium from VEGFsi-transfected K562 cells was significantly less than that induced by conditioned medium from K562 cells and control vector-transfected K562 cells. Furthermore, the VEGF shRNA dramatically suppressed tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in a K562 s.c. xenograft model. Vessel density as assessed by vWF immunohistochemical analysis was also decreased. This strategy provides a novel tool to study the function of various VEGF isoforms and may contribute to VEGF-specific treatment in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Transfection
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, PR China
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31
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Peng C, Brain J, Hu Y, Goodrich A, Kong L, Grayzel D, Pak R, Read M, Li S. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 prolongs survival of mice with BCR-ABL-T315I-induced leukemia and suppresses leukemic stem cells. Blood 2007; 110:678-85. [PMID: 17395781 PMCID: PMC1924476 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-054098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of kinase domain mutations is a major drug-resistance mechanism for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer therapy. A particularly challenging example is found in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) where all available kinase inhibitors in clinic are ineffective against the BCR-ABL mutant, T315I. As an alternative approach to kinase inhibition, an orally administered heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, IPI-504, was evaluated in a murine model of CML. Treatment with IPI-504 resulted in BCR-ABL protein degradation, decreased numbers of leukemia stem cells, and prolonged survival of leukemic mice bearing the T315I mutation. Hsp90 inhibition more potently suppressed T315I-expressing leukemia clones relative to the wild-type (WT) clones in mice. Combination treatment with IPI-504 and imatinib was more effective than either treatment alone in prolonging survival of mice simultaneously bearing both WT and T315I leukemic cells. These results provide a rationale for use of an Hsp90 inhibitor as a first-line treatment in CML by inhibiting leukemia stem cells and preventing the emergence of imatinib-resistant clones in patients. Rather than inhibiting kinase activity, elimination of mutant kinases provides a new therapeutic strategy for treating BCR-ABL-induced leukemia as well as other cancers resistant to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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32
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Miller AC, Bonait-Pellie C, Merlot RF, Michel J, Stewart M, Lison PD. Leukemic transformation of hematopoietic cells in mice internally exposed to depleted uranium. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 279:97-104. [PMID: 16283518 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-8226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) is a dense heavy metal used in military applications. During military conflicts, US military personnel have been wounded by DU shrapnel. The health effects of embedded DU are unknown. Published data from our laboratory demonstrated that DU exposure in vitro can transform immortalized human osteoblast cells (HOS) to the tumorigenic phenotype. Results from our laboratory have also shown that DU is genotoxic and mutagenic in cultured human cells. Internalized DU could be a carcinogenic risk and concurrent alpha particle and heavy metal toxic effects complicate this potential risk. Anecdotal reports have suggested that DU can cause leukemia. To better assess this risk, we have developed an in vivo leukemogenesis model. This model involves using murine hematopoietic cells (FDC-P1) that are dependent on stimulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin 3 (IL-3) and injected into mice to produce myeloid leukemia. Although immortalized, these cells are not tumorigenic on subcutaneous inoculation in mice. Intravenous injection of FDC-P1 cells into DU-implanted DBA/2 mice was followed by the development of leukemias in 76% of all mice implanted with DU pellets. In contrast, only 12% of control mice developed leukemia. Karyotypic analysis confirmed that the leukemias originated from FDC-P1 cells. The growth properties of leukemic cells from bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node were assessed and indicate that the FDC-P1 cells had become transformed in vivo. The kidney, spleen, bone marrow, muscle, and urine showed significant elevations in tissue uranium levels prior to induction of leukemia. These results demonstrated that a DU altered in vivo environment may be involved in the pathogenesis of DU induced leukemia in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Miller
- Applied Cellular Radiobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research, Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5603, USA.
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33
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Ott RG, Simma O, Kollmann K, Weisz E, Zebedin EM, Schorpp-Kistner M, Heller G, Zöchbauer S, Wagner EF, Freissmuth M, Sexl V. JunB is a gatekeeper for B-lymphoid leukemia. Oncogene 2007; 26:4863-71. [PMID: 17297445 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Loss of JunB has been observed in human leukemia and lymphoma, but it remains unknown, whether this loss is relevant to disease progression. Here, we investigated the consequences of JunB deficiency using Abelson-induced B-lymphoid leukemia as a model system. Mice deficient in JunB expression succumbed to Abelson-induced leukemia with increased incidence and significantly reduced latency. Similarly, bcr/abl p185-transformed JunB-deficient (junB(Delta/Delta)) cells induced leukemia in RAG2(-/-) mice displaying a more malignant phenotype. These observations indicated that cell intrinsic effects within the junB(Delta/Delta) tumor cells accounted for the accelerated leukemia development. Indeed, explantated bcr/abl p185 transformed junB(Delta/Delta) cells proliferated faster than the control cells. The proliferative advantage emerged slowly after the initial transformation process and was associated with increased expression levels of the cell cycle kinase cdk6 and with decreased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p16(INK4a). These alterations were due to irreversible reprogramming of the cell, because - once established - accelerated disease induced by junB(Delta/Delta) cells was not reverted by re-introducing JunB. Consistent with this observation, we found that the p16 promoter was methylated. Thus, JunB functions as a gatekeeper during tumor evolution. In its absence, transformed leukemic cells acquire an enhanced proliferative capacity, which presages a more malignant disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Gene Expression
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ott
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
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34
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Honda H. [Analysis of molecular mechanisms for leukemogenesis using disease models]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 1:24-33. [PMID: 17474392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Honda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
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35
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Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been found to be an effective treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia patients and is being tested for treating other hematologic malignancies. We have previously shown that AML1/MDS1/EVI1 (AME), a fusion gene generated by a t(3;21)(q26;q22) translocation found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia during blast phase, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), impairs hematopoiesis and eventually induces an AML in mice. Both fusion partners of AME, AML1 and MDS1/EVI1, encode transcription factors and are also targets of a variety of genetic abnormalities in human hematologic malignancies. In addition, aberrant expression of ectopic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) has also been found in solid tumors, such as ovarian and colon cancers. In this study, we examined whether ATO could target AME and related oncoproteins. We found that ATO used at therapeutic levels degrades AME. The ATO treatment induces differentiation and apoptosis in AME leukemic cells in vitro as well as reduces tumor load and increases the survival of mice transplanted with these cells. We further found that ATO targets AME via both myelodysplastic syndrome 1 (MDS1) and EVI1 moieties and degrades EVI1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and MDS1 in a proteasome-independent manner. Our results suggest that ATO could be used as a part of targeted therapy for AME-, AML1/MDS1-, MDS1/EVI1-, and EVI1-positive human cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Survival Analysis
- Transfection
- Ubiquitin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shackelford
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA
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36
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Abstract
Background Transcription factor Cdx4 and transcriptional coregulator menin are essential for Hoxa9 expression and normal hematopoiesis. However, the precise mechanism underlying Hoxa9 regulation is not clear. Methods and Findings Here, we show that the expression level of Hoxa9 is correlated with the location of increased trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4M3). The active and repressive histone modifications co-exist along the Hoxa9 regulatory region. We further demonstrate that both Cdx4 and menin bind to the same regulatory region at the Hoxa9 locus in vivo, and co-activate the reporter gene driven by the Hoxa9 cis-elements that contain Cdx4 binding sites. Ablation of menin abrogates Cdx4 access to the chromatin target and significantly reduces both active and repressive histone H3 modifications in the Hoxa9 locus. Conclusion These results suggest a functional link among Cdx4, menin and histone modifications in Hoxa9 regulation in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianxin Hua
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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37
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Vilimas T, Mascarenhas J, Palomero T, Mandal M, Buonamici S, Meng F, Thompson B, Spaulding C, Macaroun S, Alegre ML, Kee BL, Ferrando A, Miele L, Aifantis I. Targeting the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in Notch1-induced T-cell leukemia. Nat Med 2006; 13:70-7. [PMID: 17173050 DOI: 10.1038/nm1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), unlike other ALL types, is only infrequently associated with chromosomal aberrations, but it was recently shown that most individuals with T-ALL carry activating mutations in the NOTCH1 gene. However, the signaling pathways and target genes responsible for Notch1-induced neoplastic transformation remain undefined. We report here that constitutively active Notch1 activates the NF-kappaB pathway transcriptionally and via the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, thereby causing increased expression of several well characterized target genes of NF-kappaB in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Our observations demonstrate that the NF-kappaB pathway is highly active in established human T-ALL and that inhibition of the pathway can efficiently restrict tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify NF-kappaB as one of the major mediators of Notch1-induced transformation and suggest that the NF-kappaB pathway is a potential target of future therapies of T-ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Boronic Acids/pharmacology
- Bortezomib
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- COS Cells
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Mutation
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vilimas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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38
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Wang CL, Wang BB, Bartha G, Li L, Channa N, Klinger M, Killeen N, Wabl M. Activation of an oncogenic microRNA cistron by provirus integration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18680-4. [PMID: 17121985 PMCID: PMC1693722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses can cause tumors when they integrate near a protooncogene or tumor suppressor gene of the host. We infected >2,500 mice with the SL3-3 murine leukemia virus; in 22 resulting tumors, we found provirus integrations nearby or within the gene that contains the mir-17-92 microRNA (miRNA) cistron. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we showed that expression of miRNA was increased in these tumors, indicating that retroviral infection can induce expression of oncogenic miRNAs. Our results demonstrate that retroviral mutagenesis can be a potent tool for miRNA discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford L Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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39
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Xiang Z, Kreisel F, Cain J, Colson A, Tomasson MH. Neoplasia driven by mutant c-KIT is mediated by intracellular, not plasma membrane, receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 27:267-82. [PMID: 17060458 PMCID: PMC1800644 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01153-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in c-KIT are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mastocytosis, and acute myeloid leukemia. In attempting to establish a murine model of human KIT(D816V) (hKIT(D816V))-mediated leukemia, we uncovered an unexpected relationship between cellular transformation and intracellular trafficking. We found that transport of hKIT(D816V) protein was blocked at the endoplasmic reticulum in a species-specific fashion. We exploited these species-specific trafficking differences and a set of localization domain-tagged KIT mutants to explore the relationship between subcellular localization of mutant KIT and cellular transformation. The protein products of fully transforming KIT mutants localized to the Golgi apparatus and to a lesser extent the plasma membrane. Domain-tagged KIT(D816V) targeted to the Golgi apparatus remained constitutively active and transforming. Chemical inhibition of intracellular transport demonstrated that Golgi localization is sufficient, but plasma membrane localization is dispensable, for downstream signaling mediated by KIT mutation. When expressed in murine bone marrow, endoplasmic reticulum-localized hKIT(D816V) failed to induce disease in mice, while expression of either Golgi-localized HyKIT(D816V) or cytosol-localized, ectodomain-deleted KIT(D816V) uniformly caused fatal myeloproliferative diseases. Taken together, these data demonstrate that intracellular, non-plasma membrane receptor signaling is sufficient to drive neoplasia caused by mutant c-KIT and provide the first animal model of myelomonocytic neoplasia initiated by human KIT(D816V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Xiang
- Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8007, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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40
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Abstract
Defining the characteristics of leukemia stem cells is critical in order to better understand both the genesis of leukemic disease and strategies by which such cells may be eradicated. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Somervaille and Cleary describe studies in which the properties of malignant stem cells are elucidated in a mouse model of leukemia induced by expression of the MLL-AF9 translocation. Biological features of leukemia stem cells in this system challenge previous thinking in several ways and suggest an unexpected degree of heterogeneity among stem cells in various forms of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Experimental/etiology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Spleen/pathology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Jordan
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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41
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Somervaille TCP, Cleary ML. Identification and characterization of leukemia stem cells in murine MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2006; 10:257-68. [PMID: 17045204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Using a mouse model of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the MLL-AF9 oncogene, we demonstrate that colony-forming cells (CFCs) in the bone marrow and spleen of leukemic mice are also leukemia stem cells (LSCs). These self-renewing cells (1) are frequent, accounting for 25%-30% of myeloid lineage cells at late-stage disease; (2) generate a phenotypic, morphologic, and functional leukemia cell hierarchy; (3) express mature myeloid lineage-specific antigens; and (4) exhibit altered microenvironmental interactions by comparison with the oncogene-immortalized CFCs that initiated the disease. Therefore, the LSCs responsible for sustaining, expanding, and regenerating MLL-AF9 AML are downstream myeloid lineage cells, which have acquired an aberrant Hox-associated self-renewal program as well as other biologic features of hematopoietic stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Lineage
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Experimental/etiology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Spleen/pathology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transplantation, Homologous
- X-Rays
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim C P Somervaille
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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42
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Pérez-Caro M, Gutierrez-Cianca N, González-Herrero I, López-Hernández I, Flores T, Orfao A, Sánchez-Martín M, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Pintado B, Sánchez-García I. Sustained leukaemic phenotype after inactivation of BCR-ABLp190 in mice. Oncogene 2006; 26:1702-13. [PMID: 16983340 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inactivation of cancer genes or products is being used as a strategy for therapy in oncology. To investigate the potential role of BCR-ABLp190 cessation in leukaemia development, we generated mice carrying a tetracycline-repressible BCR-ABLp190 transgene. These mice were morphologically normal at birth, and developed leukaemias. Disease was characterized by the presence of B-cell blasts co-expressing myeloid markers, reminiscent of the human counterpart. BCR-ABLp190 activation can initiate leukaemia in both young and adult mice. Transitory expression of BCR-ABLp190 is enough to develop leukaemia. Suppression of the BCR-ABLp190 transgene in leukaemic CombitTA-p190 mice did not rescue the malignant phenotype, indicating that BCR-ABLp190 is not required to maintain the disease in mice. Similar results were obtained by inactivation of BCR-ABLp190 with STI571 (Gleevec; Novartis, East Hanover, NJ, USA) in leukaemic CombitTA-p190 mice. However, gradual suppression of BCR-ABLp190 in leukaemic CombitTA-p190 mice identified a minimum level of BCR-ABLp190 expression necessary to revert the specific block in B-cell differentiation in the leukaemic cells. Overall, the findings indicate that BCR-ABLp190 appears to cause epigenetic and/or genetic changes in tumour-maintaining cells that render them insensitive to BCR-ABLp190 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Caro
- Laboratorio 13, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
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43
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Guimarães F, Guven H, Donati D, Christensson B, Ljunggren HG, Bejarano MT, Dilber MS. Evaluation of ex vivo expanded human NK cells on antileukemia activity in SCID-beige mice. Leukemia 2006; 20:833-9. [PMID: 16511516 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of using natural killer (NK) cells in treatment of human hematological malignancies has increased in recent years. One factor contributing to this is the introduction of new methods for ex vivo generation of enriched populations of clinical grade NK cells. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of human ex vivo expanded clinical grade NK cells against K562 leukemia cells in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)-beige mice. Irradiated SCID-beige mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with K562 leukemia cells. Following leukemia cell injection, mice were injected with ex vivo expanded human NK cells. NK cells were followed in vivo and mice monitored for survival from leukemia. Administration of these ex vivo expanded clinical grade NK cells was safe and prevented leukemia development. In conclusion, these results imply possibilities for the use of this NK cell preparation in treatment trials of human hematological malignancies and possibly other forms of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transplantation
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- In Vitro Techniques
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/therapy
- Lymphocyte Transfusion/methods
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phenotype
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guimarães
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Li ZJ, Chen ZX, Cen JN, He J. [Overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 promotes proliferation and infiltration of human monocytic leukemia cells]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2006; 86:2409-12. [PMID: 17156653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the functional role of human tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-2 gene on the proliferation and infiltrating capability of human monocytic leukemic cells. METHODS Human monocytic leukemic cells of the line SHI-1 were cultured and the TIMP-2 expression on the cell membrane was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The SHI-1 cells were transfected with human TIMP-2 gene (SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells) or blank vector (SHI-1/MSCV cells). The TIMP-2 expressed on the surface of the cell membranes of SHI-1/TIMP-2 and SHI-1/MSCV cells was detected by FCM. The SHI-1/TIMP-2 and SHI-1/MSCV cells were inoculated into the 96-well plate, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later MMT method and ELISA were used, and the cell growth curve was drawn to detect the proliferation ability of the cells. Matrigel was put into the upper layer of Transwell chamber. Human bone marrow matrix cells (BMMC) of leukemia patient and SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells or SHI-1/MSCV cells were put into the upper layers as experimental groups, and SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells or SHI-1/MSCV cells only, without human BMMC, were put into the upper layers as control groups. 72 hours later blood cell counting plate was used to measure the number of cells migrating through Matrigel. SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells or SHI-1/MSCV cells were injected intravenously into pre-treated BALB/c nu/nu mice. Thirty days later 8 mice from each group were killed to observe the tumorigenesis in the organs, especially the central nervous system leukemia (CNL). The survival of the other mice was observed. RESULTS The expression level of TIMP-2 on the cell membrane of the SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells was 99.3% +/- 0.1%, significantly higher than that of the SHI-1/MSCV cells (85.9% +/- 2.6%, P < 0.05). The A values 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later of the SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells were 0.34 +/- 0.05, 0.6 +/- 0.05, 0.97 +/- 0.12, and 1.28 +/- 0.06 respectively, all significantly higher than those of the SHI-1/MSCV cells (0.28 +/- 0.03, 0.36 +/- 0.03, 0.54 +/- 0.09, and 0.99 +/- 0.03 respectively, all P < 0.05). The SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells and SHI-1/MSCV cells only could not migrate through Matrigel basically. 24 - 48 hours after co-cultivation Shi-1 cells began to appear in the lower layer of Transwell chambers, 72 hours later the trans-Matrigel SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells accounted for 24.7% +/- 6.9% of the inoculated SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells, a proportion significantly higher than that in the case of the SHI-1/MSCV cells (12% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.05). 24 days after the inoculation the mean body weight of the mice inoculated with SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells was 21.5 g +/- 0.4 g, significantly higher than that of the mice inoculated with SHI-1/MSCV cells (17.4 g +/- 0.6 g, P < 0.01). The mice inoculated with SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells showed much more tumors in different organs and much more severe infiltration in the CNS in comparison with the mice inoculated with SHI-1/MSCV cells The mean survival time of the mice inoculated with the SHI-1/TIMP-2 cells was 33.7 days, significantly shorter than that of the mice inoculated with SHI-1/MSCV cells (40 days). CONCLUSION TIMP-2 expressed on the cell membrane is critical to promote the proliferation and infiltration of SHI-1 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Transplantation/methods
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/biosynthesis
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics
- Transfection
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-jiang Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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45
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Subramanian A, Hegde S, Correll PH, Paulson RF. Mutation of the Lyn tyrosine kinase delays the progression of Friend virus induced erythroleukemia without affecting susceptibility. Leuk Res 2006; 30:1141-9. [PMID: 16527351 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the initial phase of Friend virus (FV) induced erythroleukemia, the interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein gp55, the Erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) and the naturally occurring truncated version of the Mst1r receptor tyrosine kinase, called Sf-Stk, drives the polyclonal expansion of infected progenitors in an erythropoietin independent manner. Sf-Stk provides signals that cooperate with EpoR signals to effect expansion of erythroid progenitors. The latter phase of disease is characterized by a clonal expansion of transformed leukemic cells causing an acute erythroleukemia in mice. Signaling by Sf-Stk and EpoR mediated by gp55 renders erythroid progenitors Epo independent through the activation of the EpoR downstream pathways such as PI3K, MAPK and JAK/STAT. Previous work has shown that Src family kinases also play an important role in erythropoiesis. In particular, mutation of Src and Lyn can affect erythropoiesis. In this report we analyze the role of the Lyn tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis of Friend virus. We demonstrate that during FV infection of primary erythroblasts, Lyn is not required for expansion of viral targets. Lyn deficient bone marrow and spleen cells are able to form Epo independent FV colonies in vitro. In vivo infection of Lyn deficient animals also results in a massive splenomegaly characteristic of the virus. However, we observe differences in the pathogenesis of Friend erythroleukemia in Lyn-/- mice. Lyn-/- mice infected with the polycythemia inducing strain of FV, FVP, do not develop polycythemia suggesting that Lyn-/- infected erythroblasts have a defect in terminal differentiation. Furthermore, the expansion of transformed cells in the spleen is reduced in Lyn-/- mice. Our data show that Lyn signals are not required for susceptibility to Friend erythroleukemia, but Lyn plays a role in later events, the terminal differentiation of infected cells and the expansion of transformed cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/enzymology
- Bone Marrow/virology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/metabolism
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/virology
- Friend murine leukemia virus
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/virology
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Phosphotransferases/genetics
- Phosphotransferases/metabolism
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Retroviridae Infections/enzymology
- Retroviridae Infections/genetics
- Spleen/enzymology
- Spleen/virology
- Tumor Virus Infections/enzymology
- Tumor Virus Infections/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Subramanian
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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46
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Abstract
AID is a cytidine deaminase essential for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation during the humoral immune response. In this issue of Immunity, Gourzi et al. (2006) show that AID also plays a critical role in innate immunity to virally induced acute pro-B cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Schlissel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.
| | - Tracy C Kuo
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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47
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Gourzi P, Leonova T, Papavasiliou FN. A role for activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the host response against a transforming retrovirus. Immunity 2006; 24:779-786. [PMID: 16782033 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is specifically expressed in the germinal centers of lymphoid organs, where it initiates targeted hypermutation of variable regions of immunoglobulin genes in response to stimulation by antigen. Ectopic expression of AID, however, mediates generalized hypermutation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Here, we present evidence that AID is induced outside the germinal center in response to infection by the Abelson murine leukemia virus. The genotoxic activity of virally induced AID resulted in checkpoint kinase-1 (chk1) phosphorylation and ultimately restricted the proliferation of the infected cell. At the same time, it induced NKG2D ligand upregulation, which alerts the immune system to the presence of virally transformed cells. Hence, in addition to its known function in immunoglobulin diversification, AID is active in innate defense against a transforming retrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Gourzi
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - Tatyana Leonova
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021
| | - F Nina Papavasiliou
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021.
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48
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Walters DK, Mercher T, Gu TL, O'Hare T, Tyner JW, Loriaux M, Goss VL, Lee KA, Eide CA, Wong MJ, Stoffregen EP, McGreevey L, Nardone J, Moore SA, Crispino J, Boggon TJ, Heinrich MC, Deininger MW, Polakiewicz RD, Gilliland DG, Druker BJ. Activating alleles of JAK3 in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2006; 10:65-75. [PMID: 16843266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are aberrantly activated in numerous malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To identify tyrosine kinases activated in AML, we developed a screening strategy that rapidly identifies tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins using mass spectrometry. This allowed the identification of an activating mutation (A572V) in the JAK3 pseudokinase domain in the acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) cell line CMK. Subsequent analysis identified two additional JAK3 alleles, V722I and P132T, in AMKL patients. JAK3(A572V), JAK3(V722I), and JAK3(P132T) each transform Ba/F3 cells to factor-independent growth, and JAK3(A572V) confers features of megakaryoblastic leukemia in a murine model. These findings illustrate the biological importance of gain-of-function JAK3 mutations in leukemogenesis and demonstrate the utility of proteomic approaches to identifying clinically relevant mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Janus Kinase 2
- Janus Kinase 3
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- Mutant Proteins/chemistry
- Mutant Proteins/genetics
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- TYK2 Kinase
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49
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Rocnik JL, Gilliland DG. Cell-autonomous and -nonautonomous contributions of STAT1 in murine models of tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2006; 10:1-2. [PMID: 16843258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Kovacic and colleagues have reexamined the role of STAT1 in murine models of leukemogenesis. Their studies shed new light on the complex interplay between cell-autonomous contributions and host responsiveness to cancer and elucidate a previously unknown role of STAT1 in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rocnik
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Karp Family Research Laboratories, 1 Blackfan Circle, Room 5210, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,USA
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50
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Kovacic B, Stoiber D, Moriggl R, Weisz E, Ott RG, Kreibich R, Levy DE, Beug H, Freissmuth M, Sexl V. STAT1 acts as a tumor promoter for leukemia development. Cancer Cell 2006; 10:77-87. [PMID: 16843267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 03/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor STAT1 is considered a key regulator of the surveillance of developing tumors. Here, we describe an unexpected tumor-promoting role for STAT1 in leukemia. STAT1(-/-) mice are partially protected from leukemia development, and STAT1(-/-) tumor cells induce leukemia in RAG2(-/-) and immunocompetent mice with increased latency. The low MHC class I protein levels of STAT1(-/-) tumor cells enable efficient NK cell lysis and account for the enhanced tumor clearance. Strikingly, STAT1(-/-) tumor cells acquire increased MHC class I expression upon leukemia progression. These findings define STAT1 as a tumor promoter in leukemia development. Furthermore, we describe the upregulation of MHC class I expression as a general mechanism that allows for the escape of hematopoietic malignancies from immune surveillance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Genotype
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Phenotype
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/deficiency
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kovacic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna A-1090, Austria
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