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Weeratunga P, Denney L, Bull JA, Repapi E, Sergeant M, Etherington R, Vuppussetty C, Turner GDH, Clelland C, Woo J, Cross A, Issa F, de Andrea CE, Melero Bermejo I, Sims D, McGowan S, Zurke YX, Ahern DJ, Gamez EC, Whalley J, Richards D, Klenerman P, Monaco C, Udalova IA, Dong T, Antanaviciute A, Ogg G, Knight JC, Byrne HM, Taylor S, Ho LP. Single cell spatial analysis reveals inflammatory foci of immature neutrophil and CD8 T cells in COVID-19 lungs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7216. [PMID: 37940670 PMCID: PMC10632491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Single cell spatial interrogation of the immune-structural interactions in COVID -19 lungs is challenging, mainly because of the marked cellular infiltrate and architecturally distorted microstructure. To address this, we develop a suite of mathematical tools to search for statistically significant co-locations amongst immune and structural cells identified using 37-plex imaging mass cytometry. This unbiased method reveals a cellular map interleaved with an inflammatory network of immature neutrophils, cytotoxic CD8 T cells, megakaryocytes and monocytes co-located with regenerating alveolar progenitors and endothelium. Of note, a highly active cluster of immature neutrophils and CD8 T cells, is found spatially linked with alveolar progenitor cells, and temporally with the diffuse alveolar damage stage. These findings offer further insights into how immune cells interact in the lungs of severe COVID-19 disease. We provide our pipeline [Spatial Omics Oxford Pipeline (SpOOx)] and visual-analytical tool, Multi-Dimensional Viewer (MDV) software, as a resource for spatial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Weeratunga
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Denney
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua A Bull
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- MRC WIMM Computational Biology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Sergeant
- MRC WIMM Computational Biology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Etherington
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chaitanya Vuppussetty
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth D H Turner
- Department of Cellular Pathology and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin Clelland
- Anatomic Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Cross
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - David Sims
- MRC WIMM Computational Biology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon McGowan
- MRC WIMM Computational Biology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David J Ahern
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eddie C Gamez
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin Whalley
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Diseases, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Taylor
- MRC WIMM Computational Biology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Leng L, Bian XW. Injury mechanism of COVID-19-induced cardiac complications. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 8:159-166. [PMID: 37928775 PMCID: PMC10621642 DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart dysfunction is one of the most life-threatening organ dysfunctions caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Myocardial or cardiovascular damage is the most common extrapulmonary organ complication in critically ill patients. Understanding the pathogenesis and pathological characteristics of myocardial and vascular injury is important for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment approach. Herein, the mechanism of direct damage caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to the heart and secondary damage caused by virus-driven inflammation was reviewed. The pathological mechanism of ischemia and hypoxia due to microthrombosis and inflammatory injury as well as the injury mechanism of tissue inflammation and single myocardial cell necrosis triggered by the viral infection of pericytes or macrophages, hypoxia, and energy metabolism disorders were described. The latter can provide a novel diagnosis, treatment, and investigation strategy for heart dysfunctions caused by COVID-19 or the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital Affiliated to University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, USTC, Hefei 230036, China
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3
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Grabherr S, Waltenspühl A, Büchler L, Lütge M, Cheng HW, Caviezel-Firner S, Ludewig B, Krebs P, Pikor NB. An Innate Checkpoint Determines Immune Dysregulation and Immunopathology during Pulmonary Murine Coronavirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:774-785. [PMID: 36715496 PMCID: PMC9986052 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hallmarks of life-threatening, coronavirus-induced disease include dysregulated antiviral immunity and immunopathological tissue injury. Nevertheless, the sampling of symptomatic patients overlooks the initial inflammatory sequela culminating in severe coronavirus-induced disease, leaving a fundamental gap in our understanding of the early mechanisms regulating anticoronavirus immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. In this study, we delineate the innate regulators controlling pulmonary infection using a natural mouse coronavirus. Within hours of infection, the cellular landscape of the lung was transcriptionally remodeled altering host metabolism, protein synthesis, and macrophage maturation. Genetic perturbation revealed that these transcriptional programs were type I IFN dependent and critically controlled both host cell survival and viral spread. Unrestricted viral replication overshooting protective IFN responses culminated in increased IL-1β and alarmin production and triggered compensatory neutrophilia, interstitial inflammation, and vascular injury. Thus, type I IFNs critically regulate early viral burden, which serves as an innate checkpoint determining the trajectory of coronavirus dissemination and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grabherr
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Waltenspühl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lorina Büchler
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Caviezel-Firner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B. Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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4
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Dumenil T, Le TT, Rawle DJ, Yan K, Tang B, Nguyen W, Bishop C, Suhrbier A. Warmer ambient air temperatures reduce nasal turbinate and brain infection, but increase lung inflammation in the K18-hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160163. [PMID: 36395835 PMCID: PMC9659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Warmer climatic conditions have been associated with fewer COVID-19 cases. Herein we infected K18-hACE2 mice housed at the standard animal house temperature of ∼22 °C, or at ∼31 °C, which is considered to be thermoneutral for mice. On day 2 post infection, RNA-Seq analyses showed no significant differential gene expression lung in lungs of mice housed at the two temperatures, with almost identical viral loads and type I interferon responses. There was also no significant difference in viral loads in lungs on day 5, but RNA-Seq and histology analyses showed clearly elevated inflammatory signatures and infiltrates. Thermoneutrality thus promoted lung inflammation. On day 2 post infection mice housed at 31 °C showed reduced viral loads in nasal turbinates, consistent with increased mucociliary clearance at the warmer ambient temperature. These mice also had reduced virus levels in the brain, and an ensuing amelioration of weight loss and a delay in mortality. Warmer air temperatures may thus reduce infection of the upper respiratory track and the olfactory epithelium, resulting in reduced brain infection. Potential relevance for anosmia and neurological sequelae in COVID-19 patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, 4072, Australia.
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5
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Cross AR, de Andrea CE, Villalba-Esparza M, Landecho MF, Cerundolo L, Weeratunga P, Etherington RE, Denney L, Ogg G, Ho LP, Roberts IS, Hester J, Klenerman P, Melero I, Sansom SN, Issa F. Spatial transcriptomic characterization of COVID-19 pneumonitis identifies immune circuits related to tissue injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e157837. [PMID: 36472908 PMCID: PMC9977306 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe lung damage resulting from COVID-19 involves complex interactions between diverse populations of immune and stromal cells. In this study, we used a spatial transcriptomics approach to delineate the cells, pathways, and genes present across the spectrum of histopathological damage in COVID-19-affected lung tissue. We applied correlation network-based approaches to deconvolve gene expression data from 46 areas of interest covering more than 62,000 cells within well-preserved lung samples from 3 patients. Despite substantial interpatient heterogeneity, we discovered evidence for a common immune-cell signaling circuit in areas of severe tissue that involves crosstalk between cytotoxic lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory macrophages. Expression of IFNG by cytotoxic lymphocytes was associated with induction of chemokines, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, which are known to promote the recruitment of CXCR3+ immune cells. The TNF superfamily members BAFF (TNFSF13B) and TRAIL (TNFSF10) were consistently upregulated in the areas with severe tissue damage. We used published spatial and single-cell SARS-CoV-2 data sets to validate our findings in the lung tissue from additional cohorts of patients with COVID-19. The resulting model of severe COVID-19 immune-mediated tissue pathology may inform future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Cross
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Manuel F. Landecho
- Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica de la Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucia Cerundolo
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen Weeratunga
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Etherington
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denney
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S.D. Roberts
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica de la Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Stephen N. Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Melero I, Villalba-Esparza M, Recalde-Zamacona B, Jiménez-Sánchez D, Teijeira Á, Argueta A, García-Tobar L, Álvarez-Gigli L, Sainz C, Garcia-Ros D, Toledo E, Abengozar-Muela M, Fernández-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Mateos M, Reina G, Carmona-Torre F, Quiroga JA, Del Pozo JL, Cross A, López-Janeiro Á, Hardisson D, Echeveste JI, Lozano MD, Ho LP, Klenerman P, Issa F, Landecho MF, de Andrea CE. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Local IL-8 Expression, and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response in the Lungs of Patients With Fatal COVID-19. Chest 2022; 162:1006-1016. [PMID: 35714708 PMCID: PMC9197577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive inflammation is pathogenic in the pneumonitis associated with severe COVID-19. Neutrophils are among the most abundantly present leukocytes in the inflammatory infiltrates and may form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under the local influence of cytokines. NETs constitute a defense mechanism against bacteria, but have also been shown to mediate tissue damage in a number of diseases. RESEARCH QUESTION Could NETs and their tissue-damaging properties inherent to neutrophil-associated functions play a role in the respiratory failure seen in patients with severe COVID-19, and how does this relate to the SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, IL-8 (CXCL8) chemokine expression, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltrates? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen lung biopsy samples obtained immediately after death were analyzed methodically as exploratory and validation cohorts. NETs were analyzed quantitatively by multiplexed immunofluorescence and were correlated with local levels of IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the density of CD8+ T-cell infiltration. SARS-CoV-2 presence in tissue was quantified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS NETs were found in the lung interstitium and surrounding the bronchiolar epithelium with interindividual and spatial heterogeneity. NET density did not correlate with SARS-CoV-2 tissue viral load. NETs were associated with local IL-8 mRNA levels. NETs were also detected in pulmonary thrombi and in only one of eight liver tissues. NET focal presence correlated negatively with CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the lungs. INTERPRETATION Abundant neutrophils undergoing NETosis are found in the lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19, but no correlation was found with viral loads. The strong association between NETs and IL-8 points to this chemokine as a potentially causative factor. The function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 may be interfered with by the presence of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Esparza
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan Argueta
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura García-Tobar
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Sainz
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Ros
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mirian Fernández-Alonso
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Rodríguez-Mateos
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Carmona-Torre
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jose L Del Pozo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amy Cross
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | - David Hardisson
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Echeveste
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria D Lozano
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, England
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Manuel F Landecho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos E de Andrea
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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7
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Almansa R, Eiros JM, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Postigo T, Ortega A, Lopez-Izquierdo R, Moncusí-Moix A, Gort-Paniello C, Dominguez-Gil M, Fuente ADL, González-González L, Luis-García T, García-Mateo N, Tedim AP, Rodríguez-Jara F, Jorge N, González J, Torres G, Gutiérrez-Pérez ON, Villegas MJ, Campo S, Ayllon E, Albi TR, de Frutos Arribas J, Domingo AA, Abadia-Otero J, Barquero JG, Trapiello W, Garcia Frade LJ, Inglada L, Campo FD, Bermejo-Martin JF, Barbé F, Torres A. N-antigenemia detection by a rapid lateral flow test predicts 90-day mortality in COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1391.e1-1391.e5. [PMID: 35654316 PMCID: PMC9150910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate if the detection of N antigen of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma by a rapid lateral flow test predicts 90-day mortality in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the wards. Methods The presence of N-antigenemia was evaluated in the first 36 hours after hospitalization in 600 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients, by using the Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device from Abbott (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The impact of N-antigenemia on 90-day mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results Prevalence of N-antigenemia at hospitalization was higher in nonsurvivors (69% (82/118) vs. 52% (250/482); p < 0.001). The patients with N-antigenemia showed more frequently RNAemia (45.7% (148/324) vs. 19.8% (51/257); p < 0.001), absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies (80.7% (264/327) vs. 26.6% (69/259); p < 0.001) and absence of S1 antibodies (73.4% (240/327) vs. 23.6% (61/259); p < 0.001). The patients with antigenemia showed more frequently acute respiratory distress syndrome (30.1% (100/332) vs. 18.7% (50/268); p = 0.001) and nosocomial infections (13.6% (45/331) vs. 7.9% (21/267); p = 0.026). N-antigenemia was a risk factor for increased 90-day mortality in the multivariable analysis (HR, 1.99 (95% CI,1.09–3.61), whereas the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N-antibodies represented a protective factor (HR, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.26–0.85). Discussion The presence of N-antigenemia or the absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N-antibodies after hospitalization is associated to increased 90-day mortality in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Detection of N-antigenemia by using lateral flow tests is a quick, widely available tool that could contribute to early identify those COVID-19 patients at risk of deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Almansa
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cellular Biology, Hystology and Pharmacology. University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Eiros
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Tamara Postigo
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Ortega
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raul Lopez-Izquierdo
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Anna Moncusí-Moix
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Clara Gort-Paniello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Marta Dominguez-Gil
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Amanda de la Fuente
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura González-González
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Luis-García
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia García-Mateo
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana P Tedim
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fátima Rodríguez-Jara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Noelia Jorge
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Oliver Norberto Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria José Villegas
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sonia Campo
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eva Ayllon
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Tomás Ruiz Albi
- Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Julio de Frutos Arribas
- Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; Deparment of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Arroyo Domingo
- Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesica Abadia-Otero
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Julia Gómez Barquero
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Wysali Trapiello
- Clinical Analysis Service. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Garcia Frade
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Inglada
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Felix Del Campo
- Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; Deparment of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús F Bermejo-Martin
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Institut D investigacions August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Almamlouk R, Kashour T, Obeidat S, Bois MC, Maleszewski JJ, Omrani OA, Tleyjeh R, Berbari E, Chakhachiro Z, Zein-Sabatto B, Gerberi D, Tleyjeh IM. COVID-19-associated cardiac pathology at post-mortem evaluation: A Collaborative systematic Review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1066-1075. [PMID: 35339672 PMCID: PMC8941843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Many postmortem studies address the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 and provide valuable information, but are limited by their small sample size. Objectives The aim of this systematic review is to better understand the various aspects of the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 by pooling data from a large number of autopsy studies. Data sources We searched the online databases Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for concepts of autopsy or histopathology combined with COVID-19, published between database inception and February 2021. We also searched for unpublished manuscripts using the medRxiv services operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Study eligibility criteria Articles were considered eligible for inclusion if they reported human postmortem cardiovascular findings among individuals with a confirmed SARS coronavirus type 2 (CoV-2) infection. Participants Confirmed COVID-19 patients with post-mortem cardiovascular findings. Interventions None. Methods Studies were individually assessed for risk of selection, detection, and reporting biases. The median prevalence of different autopsy findings with associated interquartile ranges (IQRs). Results This review cohort contained 50 studies including 548 hearts. The median age of the deceased was 69 years. The most prevalent acute cardiovascular findings were myocardial necrosis (median: 100.0%; IQR, 20%–100%; number of studies = 9; number of patients = 64) and myocardial oedema (median: 55.5%; IQR, 19.5%–92.5%; number of studies = 4; number of patients = 46). The median reported prevalence of extensive, focal active, and multifocal myocarditis were all 0.0%. The most prevalent chronic changes were myocyte hypertrophy (median: 69.0%; IQR, 46.8%–92.1%) and fibrosis (median: 35.0%; IQR, 35.0%–90.5%). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the myocardium with median prevalence of 60.8% (IQR 40.4-95.6%). Conclusions Our systematic review confirmed the high prevalence of acute and chronic cardiac pathologies in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 cardiac tropism, as well as the low prevalence of myocarditis in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Kashour
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sawsan Obeidat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melanie C Bois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Osama A Omrani
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Tleyjeh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elie Berbari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zaher Chakhachiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassel Zein-Sabatto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana Gerberi
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Imad M Tleyjeh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA; Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
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9
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Downes DJ, Cross AR, Hua P, Roberts N, Schwessinger R, Cutler AJ, Munis AM, Brown J, Mielczarek O, de Andrea CE, Melero I, Gill DR, Hyde SC, Knight JC, Todd JA, Sansom SN, Issa F, Davies JOJ, Hughes JR. Identification of LZTFL1 as a candidate effector gene at a COVID-19 risk locus. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1606-1615. [PMID: 34737427 PMCID: PMC7611960 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Genome-wide association studies identified the 3p21.31 region as conferring a twofold increased risk of respiratory failure. Here, using a combined multiomics and machine learning approach, we identify the gain-of-function risk A allele of an SNP, rs17713054G>A, as a probable causative variant. We show with chromosome conformation capture and gene-expression analysis that the rs17713054-affected enhancer upregulates the interacting gene, leucine zipper transcription factor like 1 (LZTFL1). Selective spatial transcriptomic analysis of lung biopsies from patients with COVID-19 shows the presence of signals associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a viral response pathway that is regulated by LZTFL1. We conclude that pulmonary epithelial cells undergoing EMT, rather than immune cells, are likely responsible for the 3p21.31-associated risk. Since the 3p21.31 effect is conferred by a gain-of-function, LZTFL1 may represent a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien J Downes
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy R Cross
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Transplantation Research and Immunology Group,University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peng Hua
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ron Schwessinger
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Centre for Computational Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antony J Cutler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Altar M Munis
- Department of Medicine, Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill Brown
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olga Mielczarek
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlos E de Andrea
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Deborah R Gill
- Department of Medicine, Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen C Hyde
- Department of Medicine, Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - John A Todd
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Transplantation Research and Immunology Group,University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - James O J Davies
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jim R Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Centre for Computational Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Povoa P, Martin-Loeches I, Nseir S. Secondary pneumonias in critically ill patients with COVID-19: risk factors and outcomes. Curr Opin Crit Care 2021; 27:468-473. [PMID: 34321415 PMCID: PMC8452245 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current evidence of secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients, its incidence, risk factors and impact outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Early studies reported low incidence of hospital-acquired infections in COVID-19 patients. More recent large studies clearly showed that the incidence of secondary pneumonias was markedly high in patients under mechanical ventilation. Duration of mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, prone position and male sex were identified as risk factors. The adjunctive therapy with steroids and immunomodulators were associated with a higher risk of pneumonia and invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis. Although secondary pneumonias seemed to be associated with poor outcomes, namely mortality, in comparison with influenza, no difference was found in heterogeneity of outcomes. Immunosuppressive therapy has been studied in several observational and randomized trials with conflicting results and the true impact on superinfections, namely secondary pneumonias, has not been properly assessed. SUMMARY According to the current evidence, COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of secondary pneumonias. The impact of immunosuppressive therapies on superinfections is yet to be determined. Further studies are needed to assess the true risk of secondary infections associated with immunosuppressive therapies and to identify preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Povoa
- Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, São Francisco Xavier Hospital, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental
- NOVA Medical School, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, OUH Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, St. James Street, Dublin 8, Dublin, Eire, Ireland
- Hospital Clinic. IDIBAPS. Universided de Barcelona. CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saad Nseir
- CHU de Lille, Centre de Réanimation
- Université de Lille, INSERM U995, Team Fungal Associated Invasive & Inflammatory Diseases, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
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11
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İnanç İ, Erdemli E. Histopathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and relationships with organoid technology. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211044382. [PMID: 34521239 PMCID: PMC8447099 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211044382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following infection by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic
that is still having serious effects worldwide. This virus, which targets the
lungs in particular, can also damage other tissues. Angiotensin converting
enzyme 2 (ACE-2) plays a key role in viral entry into host cells. The presence
of ACE-2 in various tissues may permit viral infection. Studies of COVID-19
often make use of postmortem tissues. Although this information provides various
useful results, it is also necessary to conduct in vitro
studies to understand optimal treatment approaches. Because the virus may show
species-specific differences, in vitro technologies using human
cells are particularly important. Organoid technologies, three-dimensional
structures that can be obtained from human cells, are playing increasingly
important roles in studies of SARS-CoV-2. This technology offers a significant
advantage in terms of mimicking in vivo tissue structures and
testing antiviral compounds. In this mini-review, we summarize studies of
SARS-CoV-2 using both histopathological and organoid technology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem İnanç
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdemli
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Landecho MF, Marin-Oto M, Recalde-Zamacona B, Bilbao I, Frühbeck G. Obesity as an adipose tissue dysfunction disease and a risk factor for infections - Covid-19 as a case study. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 91:3-9. [PMID: 33858724 PMCID: PMC8017564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) disease (COVID-19) is a novel threat that hampers life expectancy especially in obese individuals. Though this association is clinically relevant, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. SARS CoV2 enters host cells via the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 receptor, that is also expressed in adipose tissue. Moreover, adipose tissue is also a source of many proinflammatory mediators and adipokines that might enhance the characteristic COVID-19 cytokine storm due to a chronic low-grade inflammatory preconditioning. Further obesity-dependent thoracic mechanical constraints may also incise negatively into the prognosis of obese subjects with COVID-19. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the obesity-dependent circumstances triggering an increased risk for COVID-19 severity, and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Landecho
- Internal Medicine Department, General Health Check-up Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;.
| | - M Marin-Oto
- COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;; Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - B Recalde-Zamacona
- COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;; Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - I Bilbao
- Internal Medicine Department, General Health Check-up Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Dimbath E, Maddipati V, Stahl J, Sewell K, Domire Z, George S, Vahdati A. Implications of microscale lung damage for COVID-19 pulmonary ventilation dynamics: A narrative review. Life Sci 2021; 274:119341. [PMID: 33716059 PMCID: PMC7946865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic surges on as vast research is produced to study the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease state it induces. Still, little is known about the impact of COVID-19-induced microscale damage in the lung on global lung dynamics. This review summarizes the key histological features of SARS-CoV-2 infected alveoli and links the findings to structural tissue changes and surfactant dysfunction affecting tissue mechanical behavior similar to changes seen in other lung injury. Along with typical findings of diffuse alveolar damage affecting the interstitium of the alveolar walls and blood-gas barrier in the alveolar airspace, COVID-19 can cause extensive microangiopathy in alveolar capillaries that further contribute to mechanical changes in the tissues and may differentiate it from previously studied infectious lung injury. Understanding microlevel damage impact on tissue mechanics allows for better understanding of macroscale respiratory dynamics. Knowledge gained from studies into the relationship between microscale and macroscale lung mechanics can allow for optimized treatments to improve patient outcomes in case of COVID-19 and future respiratory-spread pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dimbath
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Stahl
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kerry Sewell
- Laupus Library, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Domire
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie George
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ali Vahdati
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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14
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Recalde-Zamacona B, Tomás-Velázquez A, Campo A, Satrústegui-Alzugaray B, Fernández-Alonso M, Iñigo M, Rodríguez-Mateos M, Di Frisco M, Felgueroso C, Bertó J, Marín-Oto M, Alcaide AB, Zulueta JJ, Seijo L, Landecho MF. Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in upper respiratory tract samples: A case-control study. J Intern Med 2021; 289:921-925. [PMID: 33372300 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 causative agent, has infected millions of people and killed over 1.6 million worldwide. A small percentage of cases persist with prolonged positive RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for prolonged viral shedding amongst patient's basal clinical conditions. METHODS We have evaluated all 513 patients attended in our hospital between 1 March and 1 July. We have selected all 18 patients with prolonged viral shedding and compared them with 36 sex-matched randomly selected controls. Demographic, treatment and clinical data were systematically collected. RESULTS Global median duration of viral clearance was 25.5 days (n = 54; IQR, 22-39.3 days), 48.5 days in cases (IQR 38.7-54.9 days) and 23 days in controls (IQR 20.2-25.7), respectively. There were not observed differences in demographic, symptoms or treatment data between groups. Chronic rhinosinusitis and atopy were more common in patients with prolonged viral shedding (67%) compared with controls (11% and 25% respectively) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003). The use of inhaled corticosteroids was also more frequent in case group (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis indicated that CRS (odds ratio [OR], 18.78; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 3.89-90.59; P < 0.001) was independently associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in URT samples, after adjusting for initial PCR Ct values. CONCLUSION We found that chronic rhinosinusitis and atopy might be associated with increased risk of prolonged viral shedding. If confirmed in prospective trials, this finding might have clinical implications for quarantine duration due to increased risk of pandemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Recalde-Zamacona
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Tomás-Velázquez
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Campo
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - M Fernández-Alonso
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Division, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Iñigo
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Division, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Mateos
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Division, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Di Frisco
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - C Felgueroso
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Bertó
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Marín-Oto
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A B Alcaide
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J J Zulueta
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Seijo
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M F Landecho
- From the, Covid19 Department, Clinica, Pamplona, Spain.,Internal Medicine department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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15
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Bermejo-Martin JF, Almansa R, Tedim AP, de la Fuente A, Eiros JM, Torres A, Kelvin DJ. Mounting evidence of impaired viral control in severe COVID-19. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2021; 2:e228-e229. [PMID: 33880456 PMCID: PMC8049594 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus F Bermejo-Martin
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Valladolid 47012, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raquel Almansa
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Valladolid 47012, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana P Tedim
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Valladolid 47012, Spain
| | - Amanda de la Fuente
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Valladolid 47012, Spain
| | - Jose María Eiros
- Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Valladolid 47012, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Pulmonology, Institut D investigacions August Pi I Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David J Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
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16
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An Integrated Approach of the Potential Underlying Molecular Mechanistic Paradigms of SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Coagulopathy. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:387-403. [PMID: 33875909 PMCID: PMC8047580 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic disease which has affected more than 6.2 million people globally, with numbers mounting considerably daily. However, till date, no specific treatment modalities are available for Covid-19 and also not much information is known about this disease. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the generation of thrombosis and coagulopathy. Fundamentally, it has been believed that a diverse array of signalling pathways might be responsible for the activation of coagulation cascade during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Henceforth, a detailed understanding of these probable underlying molecular mechanistic pathways causing thrombosis in Covid-19 disease deserves an urgent exploration. Therefore, in this review, the hypothetical crosstalk between distinct signalling pathways including apoptosis, inflammation, hypoxia and angiogenesis attributable for the commencement of thrombotic events during SARS-CoV-2 infection has been addressed which might further unravel promising therapeutic targets in Covid-19 disease.
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17
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Brogna B, Bignardi E, Brogna C, Volpe M, Lombardi G, Rosa A, Gagliardi G, Capasso PFM, Gravino E, Maio F, Pane F, Picariello V, Buono M, Colucci L, Musto LA. A Pictorial Review of the Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations, and Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:437. [PMID: 33806423 PMCID: PMC8000129 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging plays an important role in the detection of coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in both managing the disease and evaluating the complications. Imaging with chest computed tomography (CT) can also have a potential predictive and prognostic role in COVID-19 patient outcomes. The aim of this pictorial review is to describe the role of imaging with chest X-ray (CXR), lung ultrasound (LUS), and CT in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia, the current indications, the scores proposed for each modality, the advantages/limitations of each modality and their role in detecting complications, and the histopathological correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brogna
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Elio Bignardi
- Radiology Unit, Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Via Quagliariello 54, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Claudia Brogna
- Neuropsychiatric Unit ASL Avellino, Via Degli Imbimbo 10/12, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Mena Volpe
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Giulio Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Giuliano Gagliardi
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Pietro Fabio Maurizio Capasso
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Enzo Gravino
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Francesca Maio
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Francesco Pane
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Valentina Picariello
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Marcella Buono
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Colucci
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Lanfranco Aquilino Musto
- Department of Radiology, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.V.); (G.L.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (P.F.M.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (F.P.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (L.C.); (L.A.M.)
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18
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González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Gándara E, Casablanca-Piñera A, Boquera-Ventosa C, Landecho MF, Zarranz-Ventura J, García-Layana A. Retinal Microvascular Impairment in COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030247. [PMID: 33801324 PMCID: PMC7998142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of retinal and microvascular alterations in COVID-19 patients with bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-COV-2 that required hospital admission and compare this with a cohort of age- and sex-matched controls. COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia patients underwent retinal imaging 14 days after hospital discharge with structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements. Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were evaluated in the superficial, deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC). After exclusion criteria, only one eye per patient was selected, and 50 eyes (25 patients and 25 controls) were included in the analysis. COVID-19 patients presented significantly thinner ganglion cell layer (GCL) (p = 0.003) and thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) compared to controls (p = 0.048), and this RNFL thickening was greater in COVID-19 cases with cotton wool spots (CWS), when compared with patients without CWS (p = 0.032). In both SCP and DCP, COVID-19 patients presented lower VD in the foveal region (p < 0.001) and a greater FAZ area than controls (p = 0.007). These findings suggest that thrombotic and inflammatory phenomena could be happening in the retina of COVID-19 patients. Further research is warranted to analyze the longitudinal evolution of these changes over time as well as their correlation with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Zamora
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (E.G.)
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (E.G.)
| | - Elsa Gándara
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (E.G.)
| | - Anna Casablanca-Piñera
- Institut Clínic de Oftalmología (ICOF), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (C.B.-V.)
| | - Claudia Boquera-Ventosa
- Institut Clínic de Oftalmología (ICOF), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (C.B.-V.)
| | - Manuel F. Landecho
- COVID-19 Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Zarranz-Ventura
- Institut Clínic de Oftalmología (ICOF), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (C.B.-V.)
- Institut de Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.Z.-V.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.-V.); (A.G.-L.)
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19
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Garcia-Fandino R, Piñeiro Á. Delving Into the Origin of Destructive Inflammation in COVID-19: A Betrayal of Natural Host Defense Peptides? Front Immunol 2021; 11:610024. [PMID: 33552069 PMCID: PMC7862704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to other pathogenic agents that directly destroy host cells and tissues, the lethal power of SARS-CoV-2 resides in the over-reactive immune response triggered by this virus. Based on numerous evidences indicating that the lipid composition of host membranes is dramatically affected by COVID-19, and in the fact that our endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are sensitive to the membrane composition of pathogenic agents, we propose that such destructive immune response is due to the direct action of AMPs. In a scenario where most host cell membranes are dressed by a pathogenic lipid composition, AMPs can indiscriminately attack them. This is why we use the "AMP betrayal" term to describe this mechanism. Previously proposed cytokine/bradykinin storm mechanisms are not incompatible with this new proposal. Interestingly, the harmful action of AMPs could be prevented by new therapies aimed to reestablish the lipid composition or to inhibit the action of specific peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Garcia-Fandino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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