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Liu IL, Chi NY, Chang CL, Hung ML, Chiu CT, Chen HW. A novel PCR-based point-of-care method enables rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:428. [PMID: 31783850 PMCID: PMC6884907 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of dogs that causes fever and hemolytic illness. A timely diagnosis is essential for the disease management. RESULTS Here, we report a QubeMDx PCR system which enables a rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnosis of B. gibsoni near the dog patient. Within 30 min, this diagnostic assay was able to detect as low as 0.002% parasitemia of the dog blood. Using clinical samples, this new assay was validated to demonstrate 100% agreement with real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS This novel diagnostic method provides a reliable point-of-care test to assist in the identification of B. gibsoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Li Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yu Chi
- Credo Biomedical Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Chun-Ta Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mittal M, Kundu K, Chakravarti S, Mohapatra JK, Singh VK, Raja Kumar B, Thakur V, Churamani CP, Kumar A. Canine babesiosis among working dogs of organised kennels in India: A comprehensive haematological, biochemical, clinicopathological and molecular epidemiological multiregional study. Prev Vet Med 2019; 169:104696. [PMID: 31311632 PMCID: PMC7126866 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
First holistic study on canine babesiosis among working dogs from India. B. gibsoni babesiosis is posing a diagnostic & therapeutic challenge in this country. Atypical babesiosis (MODS, DIC) are being maidenly documented from this country. Simple PCR assay results were statistically found to be significantly false negative. Nested PCR assay to be relied upon as screening and for epidemiological studies.
Canine babesiosis is a serious disease among tick-borne haemoprotozoan diseases, globally. The present study was envisaged for carrying out thorough investigation of the disease among working dogs of organised kennels situated in different agro-climatic zones of India as comprehensive understanding of the disease from this country was pertinently lacking. During the study period of three years (2012–2014), 330 dogs suspected for babesiosis were examined for clinicopathology by their physical examination, haematological and biochemical parameters estimation, while the detection of apicomplexan parasites was confirmed by using various diagnostic techniques i.e. by conventional microscopy, by two different Babesia specific 18S rRNA based PCR protocols (conventional/simple PCR and nested PCR assays) followed by sequencing of obtained PCR amplicons for Babsesia spp. identification. Out of 330 clinical cases screened 5.15% (17/330), 9.09% (30/330) and 15.45% (51/330) were found to be positive in microscopic examination, simple- and nested- PCR assay, respectively. Comparative statistical analyses of these diagnostic assay results revealed that significant difference exists among the three diagnostic methodologies and thus it is recommended that the nested PCR technique be relied upon as a screening molecular assay and also for epidemiological studies of the disease in this country. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA depicted the monophyletic nature and clonal expansion among all the B. gibsoni, under study. Sequencing results of PCR amplicons revealed that B. gibsoni has predominantly established itself over B. vogeli as former was incriminated in 47 cases while latter was confirmed in only four animals. Based on the clinical severity, these 51 affected animals were classified into three main groups’ of 17 animals each viz., apparently healthy-, simple or uncomplicated babesiosis- and atypical or complicated babesiosis- group. Haematological and biochemical profiling of these dogs confirmed the characteristics findings of infection by both the Babesia spp. It was observed that the infection by small form of Babesia (B. gibsoni) is posing a significant therapeutic challenge and chemosterilization by commonly prescribed anti-protozoal drugs was not achieved as clinical relapses were often observed. The clinical signs, sequence based confirmation and severity of the infection suggested that there is a positive selection of B. gibsoni (smaller form) over B. vogeli (larger form) in this country and raises serious concerns as prognosis in former is considered to be poor compared to latter. Thus, these findings have opened new paradigms for planning of pragmatic control strategies against this emerging canine health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Mittal
- Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Sardhana Road, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), Project Site Secunderabad, Military Farm Road, Old Bowenpally, Secunderabad, Telangana State, India.
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal, District-Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumendu Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jajati K Mohapatra
- Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V K Singh
- Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Sardhana Road, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B Raja Kumar
- Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Sardhana Road, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Thakur
- Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Sardhana Road, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - C P Churamani
- Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Sardhana Road, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Sardhana Road, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kidd L, Rasmussen R, Chaplow E, Richter K, Hill S, Slusser PG. Seasonality of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs from southern California. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:311-5. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona; CA
| | - Rachel Rasmussen
- University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine; Madison WI
| | | | | | - Steve Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital; San Diego CA
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Narantsatsral S, Goo YK, Battsetseg B, Myagmarsuren P, Terkawi MA, Soma T, Luo Y, Li Y, Cao S, Yu L, Kamyingkird K, Aboge GO, Nishikawa Y, Xuan X. Expression of truncated Babesia gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive proteins in Escherichia coli and evaluation of their diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:196-202. [PMID: 21802417 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the previously established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), an ELISA using the full length of a recombinant thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of Babesia gibsoni (rBgTRAPf) is considered as the most sensitive diagnostic method for the detection of an antibody to B. gibsoni in dogs. However, the expression of rBgTRAPf in high concentration is poor and, thus, limits its usefulness as a diagnostic antigen. To improve its expression level, we have truncated BgTRAPf into two fragments having either an N- or a C-terminus (BgTRAPn or BgTRAPc, respectively). The expression of BgTRAPc protein in Escherichia coli yielded adequate recombinant protein. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISAs with the truncated proteins were determined using dog sera experimentally infected with B. gibsoni and specific pathogen-free (SPF) dog sera. A total of 254 field dog sera were examined by the ELISA with rBgTRAPn, rBgTRAPc, and rBgTRAPf as well as by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The specificity of rBgTRAPc was the highest (97.15%), and its kappa value was more (0.8003) than rBgTRAPn (0.7083). With a sufficient level of expression as well as higher specificity and reliable sensitivity, rBgTRAPc appears to be a potential candidate antigen for the serodiagnosis of B. gibsoni infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Narantsatsral
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Ayoob AL, Hackner SG, Prittie J. Clinical management of canine babesiosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2010; 20:77-89. [PMID: 20230437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarize current information regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology leading to the various clinical syndromes associated with canine babesiosis. Diagnosis, treatment, preventative strategies, and zoonotic implications are discussed. ETIOLOGY Babesiosis is caused by hemoprotozoa of the genus Babesia. Numerous species of Babesia exist worldwide. An increased incidence of babesiosis is described, especially in North America. The babesial organism spends the majority of its life cycle within the erythrocyte of the definitive host, resulting in hemolysis, with or without systemic complications. DIAGNOSIS Definitive diagnosis depends on direct visualization of the organism on blood smear or polymerase chain reaction. A positive serologic antibody test indicates exposure with or without active infection. THERAPY Antiprotozoal drugs, antimicrobials, and supportive care are the mainstays of babesiosis therapy. PROGNOSIS Prognosis depends on the severity of disease, which in turn depends on both organism and host factors. Clinical syndromes associated with a poorer prognosis include red biliary syndrome, acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neurologic dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, cardiac dysfunction, and hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Ayoob
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Lee MJ, Yu DH, Yoon JS, Li YH, Lee JH, Chae JS, Park J. Epidemiologic and Clinical Surveys in Dogs Infected withBabesia gibsoniin South Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 9:681-6. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ying-Hua Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Canine Hepatozoonosis and Babesiosis, and Feline Cytauxzoonosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 39:1035-53, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nakao R, Mizukami C, Kawamura Y, Subeki, Bawm S, Yamasaki M, Maede Y, Matsuura H, Nabeta K, Nonaka N, Oku Y, Katakura K. Evaluation of efficacy of bruceine A, a natural quassinoid compound extracted from a medicinal plant, Brucea javanica, for canine babesiosis. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:33-41. [PMID: 19194074 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruceine A, a natural quassinoid compound extracted from the dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr., was evaluated for its antibabesial activity in vitro and in vivo. Bruceine A inhibited the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at lower concentration compared with the standard antibabesial drug diminazene aceturate and killed the parasites within 24 hr at a concentration of 25 nM. Oral administration of bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 5 days resulted in no clinical findings in a dog with normal ranges of hematological and biochemical values in the blood. Three dogs were infected with B. gibsoni and two of them were treated with bruceine A at a dosage of 6.4 mg/kg/day for 6 days from day 5 post-infection. An untreated dog developed typical acute babesiosis symptoms including severe anemia, high fever, and complete loss of appetite and movement. However, the two bruceine A-treated dogs maintained their healthy conditions throughout the experimental period of 4 weeks although complete elimination of parasites from the peripheral blood was not achieved and decreases in the packed cell volume and the erythrocyte and platelet counts were observed. Since natural quassinoid compounds have been used as traditional medicines for the treatment of various ailments including cancer and malaria, the present results suggest that bruceine A or other related compounds are potential candidates for the treatment of canine babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Japan
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Goo YK, Jia H, Aboge GO, Terkawi MA, Kuriki K, Nakamura C, Kumagai A, Zhou J, Lee EG, Nishikawa Y, Igarashi I, Fujisaki K, Xuan X. Babesia gibsoni: Serodiagnosis of infection in dogs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant BgTRAP. Exp Parasitol 2008; 118:555-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Birkenheuer AJ, Marr HS, Hladio N, Acton AE. Molecular evidence of prevalent dual piroplasma infections in North American raccoons (Procyon lotor). Parasitology 2007; 135:33-7. [PMID: 17767797 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Based on 18S rRNA sequence analyses 2 distinct genotypes of piroplasms have been described in raccoons. One genotype resides in the Babesia sensu stricto clade and the other in the Babesia microti-like clade. Since these organisms appear morphologically indistinguishable, it is unclear which strain is responsible for the majority of the infections in raccoons. In order to overcome these limitations we performed a molecular survey of raccoons using polymerase chain reaction assays specific for each genotype. We tested blood samples from 41 wild raccoons trapped in eastern North Carolina using PCR assays and found that 95% (39/41) had detectable piroplasm DNA. Ninety percent (37/41) of the samples contained Babesia sensu stricto DNA and 83% (34/41) samples contained Babesia microti-like DNA. DNA from both genotypes was present in 76% (31/41) samples suggesting a very high rate of co-infections. The presence of dual piroplasma infections in carnivores appears to be an uncommon finding. This study highlights the need for molecular assays for the accurate identification of piroplasma. Further studies are indicated to investigate the ability of these parasites to infect domestic animals as well as their zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Birkenheuer
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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12
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Avery AC, Avery PR. Determining the Significance of Persistent Lymphocytosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2007; 37:267-82, vi. [PMID: 17336675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors provide a review of current knowledge of lymphocytosis in nonneoplastic conditions. They conclude that the list of major differentials for persistent nonneoplastic lymphocyte expansion in dogs and cats is short and that most of these conditions are relatively uncommon. Persistent lymphocytosis of small, mature, or reactive lymphocytes is most commonly the result of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma. The first step in distinguishing nonneoplastic from neoplastic lymphocytosis is immunophenotyping by flow cytometry to determine the phenotypic diversity of the circulating cells. Clonality testing using the polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements assay is a useful second step in cases in which the phenotype data are equivocal. Once the diagnosis of malignancy has been established, the immunophenotype also provides prognostic information in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Avery
- Clinical Immunopathology Service, 300 West Drake Street, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Dantas-Torres F, Figueredo LA. Canine babesiosis: A Brazilian perspective. Vet Parasitol 2006; 141:197-203. [PMID: 16962707 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is highly endemic in Brazil, caused by Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni, both transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. The present review argues for a more adequate method of characterizing the Babesia species infecting dogs and cats in different Brazilian endemic zones. It advocates for a comprehensive understanding of the biology of R. sanguineus ticks under Brazilian conditions in order to define the more effective preventive strategies against canine babesiosis and calls for partnerships between the public and private sectors for research on canine babesiosis and other vector-borne diseases in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, C.P. 7472, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Miyama T, Inokuma H, Itamoto K, Okuda M, Verdida RA, Xuan X. Clinical Usefulness of Antibodies against Babesia gibsoni Detected by ELISA with Recombinant P50. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:1371-3. [PMID: 17213713 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical usefulness of antibodies against Babesia gibsoni detected by ELISA with recombinant P50 was examined in dogs in an area where B. gibsoni infection was endemic. Only 8 among 14 dogs with acute type B. gibsoni infection without a previous history of infection were positive. This high percentage of false-negative results is thought to be a weak point of ELISA as a diagnostic tool. However, 14 other anemic dogs with a confirmed history of B. gibsoni infection were all positive, thus confirming the higher sensitivity of ELISA in detecting a history of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Miyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Loretti AP, Barros SS. Hemorrhagic disease in dogs infected with an unclassified intraendothelial piroplasm in southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2005; 134:193-213. [PMID: 16153781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A hemorrhagic disease affecting dogs in Brazil, referred to popularly as "nambiuvú" (bloody ears) and believed to be transmitted by ticks, has been observed in animals infected with an organism described originally in 1910 as a piroplasm, and known locally as Rangelia vitalii. In this series of 10 cases, the disease was characterized by anaemia, jaundice, fever, spleno- and lymphadenomegaly, hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, and persistent bleeding from the nose, oral cavity and tips, margins and outer surface of the pinnae. The ixodid ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma aureolatum infested affected dogs from suburban and rural areas, respectively. Laboratory findings included regenerative anaemia, spherocytosis, icteric plasma and bilirubinuria. Those intracellular organisms were found in bone marrow smears but not in blood smears. Microscopically, zoites were seen within the cytoplasm of blood capillary endothelial cells. Parasitized and non-parasitized endothelial cells were positive immunohistochemically for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Langhans-type multinucleate giant cells were observed in the lymph nodes and choroid plexus. There was prominent erythrophagocytosis by macrophages in the lymph node sinuses and infiltration of the medullary cords by numerous plasma cells. Ultrastructurally, this organism had an apical complex that included a polar ring and rhoptries but no conoid. This parasite was contained within a parasitophorous vacuole that had a trilaminar membrane with villar protrusions and was situated in the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells. This organism tested positive by immunohistochemistry for Babesia microti. This pathogen was also positive by in situ hybridization for B. microti. Tentative clinical diagnosis in these cases was based on the history, clinical picture, haemogram and favorable response to therapy, and confirmed through microscopic examination of smears from the bone marrow or histological sections of multiple tissues, especially lymph nodes where zoites were most frequently found. The disease was reproduced by intravenous inoculation of blood from a naturally infected dog into an experimental dog. The authors demonstrate in this study that this organism is a protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, order Piroplasmorida. This piroplasm seems to be different from Babesia since it has an intraendothelial stage. Molecular phylogenetic analysis is necessary to better characterize this parasite and clarify its taxonomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Paulino Loretti
- Section of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Miyama T, Sakata Y, Shimada Y, Ogino S, Watanabe M, Itamoto K, Okuda M, Verdida RA, Xuan X, Nagasawa H, Inokuma H. Epidemiological Survey of Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs in Eastern Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:467-71. [PMID: 15942130 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the distribution of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in the eastern part of Japan, an epidemiological survey of dogs suspected of having B. gibsoni infection was attempted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-five of 115 such dogs (30.4%) were positive by PCR and/or ELISA. The 35 positive dogs consisted of 28 Tosa dogs, 4 American Pit Bull Terriers, and 3 mongrel dogs in Aomori, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Gunma, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Nagano Prefectures. The positive dogs had a significantly lower rate of tick exposure and a higher rate of bites by other dogs. Twenty-two of 35 B. gibsoni-positive dogs were infected with hemoplasma, and the rate of infection was significantly higher than that of B. gibsoni-negative dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Miyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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