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Kidd L. Changes. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kidd L. Emerging Spotted Fever Rickettsioses in the United States. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:1305-1317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kidd L. How Changing Tick-Borne Disease Prevalence in Dogs Affects Diagnostic Testing. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:1153-1161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kidd L, Hamilton H, Stine L, Qurollo B, Breitschwerdt EB. Vector-borne disease and its relationship to hematologic abnormalities and microalbuminuria in retired racing and show-bred greyhounds. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1287-1294. [PMID: 35816034 PMCID: PMC9308419 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Reference intervals for platelets and white blood cell (WBCs) counts are lower in greyhounds than other breeds. Proteinuria is common. Vector‐borne diseases (VBD) cause thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and proteinuria. Racing greyhounds are commonly exposed to vectors that carry multiple organisms capable of chronically infecting clinically healthy dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Vector‐borne disease prevalence is higher in retired racing greyhounds than in show‐bred greyhounds. Occult infection contributes to breed‐related laboratory abnormalities. Animals Thirty National Greyhound Association (NGA) retired racing and 28 American Kennel Club (AKC) show‐bred greyhounds. Methods Peripheral blood was tested for Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, hemotropic Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia species using PCR. Antibodies to Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia species and Borrelia burgdorferi were detected using immunofluorescence and ELISA assays. Complete blood counts, semiquantitative platelet estimates, and microalbuminuria concentration were determined. Results Seven of 30 NGA and 1/28 AKC greyhounds tested positive for ≥1 VBD (P = .05). More positive tests were documented in NGA (10/630) than in AKC dogs (1/588; P = .02). Exposure to Bartonella species (3/30), Babesia vogeli (2/30), Ehrlichia canis (1/30), and infection with Mycoplasma hemocanis (3/30) occurred in NGA dogs. Platelet counts or estimates were >170 000/μL. White blood cell counts <4000/μL (4/28 AKC; 5/30 NGA, P > .99; 1/8 VBD positive; 8/51 VBD negative, P = .99) and microalbuminuria (10/21 AKC; 5/26 NGA, P = .06; 1/8 VBD positive; 14/25 VBD negative, P = .41) were not associated with VBD. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The prevalence of thrombocytopenia and B. vogeli exposure was lower than previously documented. Larger studies investigating the health impact of multiple VBD organisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, USA
| | | | - Lisa Stine
- Independent Contractor, Scio, Oregon, USA
| | - Barbara Qurollo
- Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lyons
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - L Kidd
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - T Jacobs
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
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Avenick D, Kidd L, Istvan S, Dong F, Richter K, Edwards N, Hisada Y, Posma JJN, Massih CA, Mackman N. Effects of storage and leukocyte reduction on the concentration and procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles in canine packed red cells. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:221-230. [PMID: 33751799 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the size and procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles (EV) that accumulate in canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) over time and the effect of leukocyte reduction on these characteristics. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Private small animal specialty referral hospital and university research laboratories. ANIMALS Ten healthy blood donor dogs. INTERVENTIONS Five pRBCs units were obtained according to standard protocols, and 5 were leukocyte-reduced prior to processing. Platelet-free supernatant from the pRBC units was collected on days 0, 10, 20, 32, and 42. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to determine the size and concentration of EVs. Thrombin generation associated with phosphatidylserine-positive EVs was determined using a capture assay. Factor Xa generation associated with phosphatidylserine-positive EVs and tissue factor-positive EVs was measured in a subset of EVs isolated by centrifugation of the supernatant at 20,000 × g. R package nparLD and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used to determine the effect of duration of storage and the effect of leukocyte reduction, respectively. Small (mean < 125 nm) procoagulant EVs accumulated over time, with significant increases occurring on or after day 20 in both non-leukocyte reduced and leukocyte-reduced units. The procoagulant activity of the EVs was due to phosphatidylserine, not tissue factor. Increases in EV concentration and procoagulant activity occurred earlier in non-leukocyte reduced units. Extracellular vesicle accumulation and procoagulant activity were not decreased at any individual time point by leukocyte reduction. CONCLUSIONS Further studies characterizing and determining the clinical relevance of small procoagulant EVs in pRBCs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Kidd
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | | | - Fanglong Dong
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Keith Richter
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, California
| | | | - Yohei Hisada
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jens J N Posma
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cherein Abdel Massih
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Kidd L, Cope T. Ongoing role for starches in anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:559. [PMID: 32128801 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T Cope
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Concannon TM, Kidd L, Osmond C, Dong F, Griffon D. Prospective evaluation of the influence of sampling method on bacterial culture results and antimicrobial selection in 52 dogs with infected wounds. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:149-158. [PMID: 32056364 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of sampling methods on culture results and selection of antimicrobials for treating infected wounds in dogs. DESIGN Prospective study from January to July 2016. SETTING Three private multispecialty referral centers. ANIMALS Fifty-two client-owned dogs with infected wounds. INTERVENTIONS Each wound was sampled for culture by 3 methods: swabbing prior to preparation (dirty swabs), swabbing after debridement and sterile lavage (clean swabs), and biopsy. Bacterial species and phenotypes were compared. Three clinicians unaware of patient, wound, and sampling information selected antimicrobial drugs based on culture and sensitivity reports. Antimicrobials were divided into class I, II, or III based on established guidelines. The number, highest class of antimicrobial chosen, and inter-investigator agreement were examined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Identical populations of bacteria were isolated for all 3 sampling techniques in only 31% of wounds. Significantly fewer bacterial species were isolated from biopsy samples (1.87 bacterial species per wound ± 1.14) than from clean swab samples (2.29 ± 1.18; P = 0.009) but not dirty swab samples (2.29 ± 1.29; P = 0.06). The recovery frequency for gram-positive bacteria was lower for biopsy compared to either swabbing technique (P = 0.001 for both comparisons). No difference was observed between clean and dirty swabbing techniques for any parameter examined. Sampling technique did not affect the proportion of wounds with anaerobic, gram-negative, or multi-drug resistant bacteria. The number (P = 0.28) and highest class of antimicrobial (P = 0.9) selected per wound did not differ between the 3 sampling techniques (P = 0.28). Clinician agreement was 83-90% depending on sampling technique. CONCLUSION Although there were some differences in bacteria isolated from biopsy samples compared to swab samples from infected wounds, technique did not influence the number and highest class of antimicrobial selected by clinicians. Wound debridement prior to sampling by swabbing did not alter the number or type of bacteria isolated, nor the number or the highest class of antimicrobial selected by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA
| | | | - Fanglong Dong
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA
| | - Dominique Griffon
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA
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Kidd L. Optimal Vector-borne Disease Screening in Dogs Using Both Serology-based and Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Diagnostic Panels. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:703-718. [PMID: 30975506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne disease and idiopathic immune-mediated disease present similarly. Diagnostic panels that include multiple organisms help detect infection and identify coinfections. Comprehensive diagnostic panels that combine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology should be used in initial screening to maximize sensitivity and identify infection. Repeat testing using PCR is warranted in dogs at high risk of infection with organisms that circulate in blood in low numbers or intermittently. Convalescent serologic testing can help diagnose acute infection. This article discusses the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the organisms, panel selection, and how to recognize when more aggressive testing for an organism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Garden OA, Kidd L, Mexas AM, Chang YM, Jeffery U, Blois SL, Fogle JE, MacNeill AL, Lubas G, Birkenheuer A, Buoncompagni S, Dandrieux JRS, Di Loria A, Fellman CL, Glanemann B, Goggs R, Granick JL, LeVine DN, Sharp CR, Smith-Carr S, Swann JW, Szladovits B. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:313-334. [PMID: 30806491 PMCID: PMC6430921 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. IMHA also occurs in cats, although less commonly. IMHA is considered secondary when it can be attributed to an underlying disease, and as primary (idiopathic) if no cause is found. Eliminating diseases that cause IMHA may attenuate or stop immune-mediated erythrocyte destruction, and adverse consequences of long-term immunosuppressive treatment can be avoided. Infections, cancer, drugs, vaccines, and inflammatory processes may be underlying causes of IMHA. Evidence for these comorbidities has not been systematically evaluated, rendering evidence-based decisions difficult. We identified and extracted data from studies published in the veterinary literature and developed a novel tool for evaluation of evidence quality, using it to assess study design, diagnostic criteria for IMHA, comorbidities, and causality. Succinct evidence summary statements were written, along with screening recommendations. Statements were refined by conducting 3 iterations of Delphi review with panel and task force members. Commentary was solicited from several professional bodies to maximize clinical applicability before the recommendations were submitted. The resulting document is intended to provide clinical guidelines for diagnosis of, and underlying disease screening for, IMHA in dogs and cats. These should be implemented with consideration of animal, owner, and geographical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Garden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda Kidd
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Angela M Mexas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Unity Jeffery
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Shauna L Blois
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan E Fogle
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Amy L MacNeill
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - George Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adam Birkenheuer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Simona Buoncompagni
- Internal Medicine Service, Central Oklahoma Veterinary Specialists, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Julien R S Dandrieux
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claire L Fellman
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Glanemann
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jennifer L Granick
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Dana N LeVine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Claire R Sharp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - James W Swann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Pratt S, Cunneen A, Perkins N, Farry T, Kidd L, McEwen M, Rainger J, Truchetti G, Goodwin W. Total intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine, medetomidine and guaifenesin compared with ketamine, medetomidine and midazolam in young horses anaesthetised for computerised tomography. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:510-516. [PMID: 30451308 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no information directly comparing midazolam with guaifenesin when used in combination with an alpha-2 agonist and ketamine to maintain anaesthesia via i.v. infusion in horses. OBJECTIVES To compare ketamine-medetomidine-guaifenesin with ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in young horses anaesthetised for computerised tomography. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomised, blinded, crossover trial. METHODS Fourteen weanlings received medetomidine 7 μg/kg bwt i.v. and anaesthesia was induced with ketamine 2.2 mg/kg bwt i.v. On two separate occasions horses each received infusions of ketamine 3 mg/kg bwt/h, medetomidine 5 μg/kg bwt/h, guaifenesin 100 mg/kg bwt/h (KMG) or ketamine 3 mg/kg bwt/h, medetomidine 5 μg/kg bwt/h, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg bwt/h (KMM) for 50 min. Cardiorespiratory variables and anaesthetic depth were assessed every 5-10 min. Recovery times after the infusions ceased were recorded and recovery quality was assessed using a composite score system (CSS), simple descriptive scale (SDS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Multivariable models were used to generate mean recovery scores for each treatment and each recovery score system and provide P-values comparing treatment groups. RESULTS Anaesthesia was uneventful with no difference in additional anaesthetic requirements and little clinically relevant differences in cardiopulmonary variables between groups. All horses recovered without incident with no significant difference in recovery times. Quality of the anaesthetic recovery was significantly better for the KMM group compared with the KMG group using the CSS (P<0.001), SDS (P<0.001) and VAS (P<0.001). MAIN LIMITATIONS No surgical stimulus was applied and study animals may not represent general horse population. CONCLUSION Midazolam is a suitable alternative to guaifenesin when co-infused with ketamine and medetomidine for anaesthesia in young horses undergoing noninvasive procedures. Both infusions produce a clinically comparable quality of anaesthesia; however, recovery from anaesthesia is of a better quality following an infusion of ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pratt
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Cunneen
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - N Perkins
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Farry
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Kidd
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - M McEwen
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Rainger
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Truchetti
- Centre Vétérinaire Rive Sud, Brossard, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Goodwin
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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Roberts NJ, Kidd L, Kirkwood K, Cross J, Partridge MR. A systematic review of the content and delivery of education in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Respir Med 2018; 145:161-181. [PMID: 30509706 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a core component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) management with well recognized benefits. While suggestions for educational content within pulmonary rehabilitation have been detailed in clinical guidance, it is unclear what educational content is delivered as part of pulmonary rehabilitation, who delivers it, and how it is delivered. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify what educational content is delivered as part of pulmonary rehabilitation, how is this delivered and who delivers it. Databases were searched from 1981 to 2017 using multiple search terms related to "pulmonary rehabilitation" and "education". RESULTS Fourteen studies were identified. This included 6 survey studies, 5 quasi-experimental studies and 3 RCTs. Five key topics that were consistently included within PR programmes were identified as: 1) Anxiety/depression and stress management. 2) Early recognition of signs of infection. 3) Dyspnea and symptom management. 4) Nutrition. 5) Techniques using inhalers and nebulizers. Broader topics such as welfare/benefits, sexuality, and advance care directives did not frequently feature. Only four studies used tools to measure knowledge or learning pre and post rehabilitation in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the education delivered as part of PR. CONCLUSIONS The delivery of education in PR programmes is variable and does not follow suggested educational topics. Education needs to take a patient centered motivational approach to ensure effective delivery. Further research into appropriate educational outcome measures are needed, in order to evaluate the changes in behaviour associated with education.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Roberts
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, United kingdom.
| | - L Kidd
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, United kingdom
| | - K Kirkwood
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, United kingdom
| | - J Cross
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, United kingdom
| | - M R Partridge
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United kingdom
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Crouse Z, Phillips B, Flory A, Mahoney J, Richter K, Kidd L. Post-chemotherapy perforation in cats with discrete intermediate- or large-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 20:696-703. [PMID: 28809125 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17723773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation is a well described complication of GI lymphoma in people, commonly occurring within days of initiation of chemotherapy. There are no studies documenting the prevalence of GI perforation in cats with intermediate- or large-cell GI lymphoma or whether it is associated with induction of chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to document the prevalence and timing of post-chemotherapy perforation in cats with discrete GI masses caused by intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma. Methods Cats with a diagnosis of intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma based on cytologic or histopathologic examination of a mass lesion of the GI tract and treated with chemotherapy were identified by searching the patient record database of three large specialty referral hospitals. Cats undergoing surgical resection of a GI mass prior to chemotherapy were excluded from the study. A clinical diagnosis of GI perforation was made using ultrasound findings and analysis of abdominal fluid. Results Twenty-three cats with intermediate- (n = 3) or large-cell (n = 20) lymphoma were included in the study. GI perforation was confirmed in 4/23 cats (17%), and occurred at 23, 56, 59 and 87 days after induction. There was no association between tumor size, the presence of hypoproteinemia or suppurative inflammation within the mass at the time of diagnosis and subsequent perforation. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the magnitude of weight loss within 15-28 days of diagnosis was greater in cats with perforation. Conclusions and relevance In this pilot study, we found that post-chemotherapy GI perforation in cats with intermediate- or large-cell GI lymphoma occurs. Acute perforation after induction of chemotherapy was not documented. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine risk factors associated with perforation and whether surgical excision would reduce the risk of subsequent GI perforation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andi Flory
- 3 Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Mahoney
- 4 University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Linda Kidd
- 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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Kidd L, Qurollo B, Lappin M, Richter K, Hart JR, Hill S, Osmond C, Breitschwerdt EB. Prevalence of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Southern California Dogs With Clinical and Laboratory Abnormalities Consistent With Immune-Mediated Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1081-1090. [PMID: 28558145 PMCID: PMC5508353 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in southern California dogs are limited. Occult infections might be misdiagnosed as idiopathic immune-mediated disease. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES (1) To determine the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in southern California dogs with compatible clinical findings using PCR and serologic panels and (2) to determine whether testing convalescent samples and repeating PCR on acute samples using the same and different gene targets enhance detection. ANIMALS Forty-two client-owned dogs with clinical signs of vector-borne disease presenting to specialty practices in San Diego County. METHODS Combined prospective and retrospective observational study. Forty-two acute and 27 convalescent samples were collected. Acute samples were prospectively tested for antibodies to Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Bartonella, Babesia, Borrelia, and Anaplasma species. PCR targeting Ehrlichia, Babesia, Anaplasma, hemotropic Mycoplasma, and Bartonella species was also performed. Retrospectively, convalescent samples were tested for the same organisms using serology, and for Ehrlichia, Babesia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella species using PCR. Acute samples were retested using PCR targeting Ehrlichia and Babesia species. RESULTS Evidence of exposure to or infection with a vector-borne pathogen was detected in 33% (14/42) of dogs. Ehrlichia and Babesia species were most common; each was identified in 5 dogs. Convalescent serologic testing, repeating PCR, and using novel PCR gene targets increased detection by 30%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Repeated testing using serology and PCR enhances detection of infection by vector-borne pathogens in dogs with clinical signs of immune-mediated disease. Larger prevalence studies of emerging vector-borne pathogens in southern California dogs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA
| | - B Qurollo
- Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - M Lappin
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, CO
| | - K Richter
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - J R Hart
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - S Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - C Osmond
- California Veterinary Specialists, Carlsbad, CA
| | - E B Breitschwerdt
- Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Roberts NJ, Kidd L, Dougall N, Patel IS, McNarry S, Nixon C. Measuring patient activation: The utility of the Patient Activation Measure within a UK context-Results from four exemplar studies and potential future applications. Patient Educ Couns 2016; 99:1739-1746. [PMID: 27217050 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient activation can be measured using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) developed by Hibbard et al., however, little is known about the uses of the PAM in research and in practice. This study aims to explore its differing utility in four UK exemplar sites. METHODS Data from four exemplars in a range of health settings with people living with long-term conditions (i.e. stroke or COPD) were evaluated. PAM scores were described and explored in relation to clinical and sociodemographic variables and outcome measures. RESULTS PAM scores illustrated that most with COPD or stroke reported PAM levels of 3 or 4, indicating that they are engaging, but may need help to sustain their scores. The exemplars illustrate the utility of, and potential issues involved in, using PAM as a process/outcome measure to predict activation and the effectiveness of interventions, and as a tool to inform tailoring of targeted interventions. CONCLUSIONS The PAM tool has been shown to be useful as an outcome measure, a screening tool to tailor education, or a quality indicator for delivery of care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS However good demographic and patient history are needed to substantiate PAM scores. Further work is needed to monitor PAM prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Roberts
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - L Kidd
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QG, UK
| | - N Dougall
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Unit 13 Scion House, Stirling FK9 4NF, UK
| | - I S Patel
- King's Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, London, UK
| | - S McNarry
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Edinburgh Community Health Partnership, NHS Lothian, UK
| | - C Nixon
- Co-creating Health Project Team, Ayrshire Central General Hospital, Irvine KA12 8SS, UK
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Bradford C, Mak H, Kidd L, Howard V, González-Serrano R, Cuirtin C, Jury E, Manson J. THU0010 Lack of CRP Response in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis - What Are The Immunological Causes, and How Can We Harness This Data To Improve Disease Outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kidd L, Geddings J, Hisada Y, Sueda M, Concannon T, Nichols T, Merricks E, Mackman N. Procoagulant microparticles in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:908-16. [PMID: 25871966 PMCID: PMC4895429 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of some human prothrombotic diseases suggest that phosphatidylserine‐positive (PS+) and tissue factor‐positive (TF+) microparticles (MPs) might play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis or serve as biomarkers of thrombotic risk. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine if circulating levels of PS+MP and procoagulant activity (PCA) associated with PS+MPs and TF+ MPs are increased in dogs with IMHA. Animals Fifteen dogs with primary or secondary IMHA and 17 clinically healthy dogs. Methods Prospective case‐controlled observational study. Circulating PS+MPs were measured by flow cytometry. PCA associated with PS+MPs and TF+MPs was measured by thrombin and Factor Xa generating assays, respectively. Results Circulating numbers of PS+MPs were not significantly higher in dogs with IMHA [control median 251,000/μL (36,992–1,141,250/μL); IMHA median 361,990/μL (21,766–47,650,600/μL) P = .30]. However, PS+MP PCA [control median 2.2 (0.0–16.8) nM PS eq; IMHA median 8.596, (0–49.33 nM PS eq) P = .01] and TF+MP PCA [control median 0.0, (0.0–0.0 pg/mL); IMHA median 0.0; (0–22.34 pg/mL], P = .04) were increased. Intravascular hemolysis, which we showed might increase PS+ and TF+MP PCA, was evident in 3 of 5 dogs with PS+MP PCA and 2 of 4 dogs with TF+MP PCA higher than controls. Underlying disease in addition to IMHA was detected in 1 of 5 dogs with PS+PCA and 3 of 4 dogs with TF+MP PCA higher than controls. Conclusions and Clinical Importance TF+ and PS+MP PCA is increased in some dogs with IMHA. Further studies that determine if measuring TF+ and PS+ MP PCA can help identify dogs at risk for thrombosis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA
| | - J Geddings
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Y Hisada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M Sueda
- California Veterinary Specialists, Ontario, CA
| | - T Concannon
- California Veterinary Specialists, Ontario, CA
| | - T Nichols
- Francis Owen Blood Research Laboratory Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - E Merricks
- Francis Owen Blood Research Laboratory Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - N Mackman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Barton AJ, Prow NA, Hall RA, Kidd L, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. A case of Murray Valley encephalitis in a 2-year-old Australian Stock Horse in south-east Queensland. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:53-7. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AJ Barton
- School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - NA Prow
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - RA Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - L Kidd
- School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - H Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Veterinary Science; The University of Queensland; Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
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19
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Kidd L, Rasmussen R, Chaplow E, Richter K, Hill S, Slusser PG. Seasonality of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs from southern California. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:311-5. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona; CA
| | - Rachel Rasmussen
- University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine; Madison WI
| | | | | | - Steve Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital; San Diego CA
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Gordon-Ross PN, Schilling EF, Kidd L, Schmidt PL. Distributive veterinary clinical education: a model of clinical-site selection. J Vet Med Educ 2014; 41:179-188. [PMID: 24556677 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0713-104r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The distributive model at the Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine (WesternU-CVM) utilizes third-party clinical sites rather than a traditional on-campus teaching hospital during years 3 and 4 of the curriculum. All veterinary schools are required by the American Veterinary Medical Association's accreditation standards to ensure that students are exposed to a diverse case load of sufficient number with active participation in the diagnostic work-up and treatment of patients. With one centralized teaching hospital, monitoring this aspect of the student experience is relatively straightforward. The distributive model of clinical veterinary education poses several challenges not encountered in a teaching hospital due to the number of clinical sites involved in delivering the curriculum. This article describes a clinical-site and preceptor selection process and the guidelines currently used to evaluate whether clinical sites and preceptors are suitable for initial inclusion in the program at WesternU-CVM. Outcomes data regarding the number and variety of student case exposures, student involvement in case management, and student evaluations of clinical experience are presented. These data suggest that the recruitment and selection process described here results in diverse and ample case-load exposure opportunities in a distributive model of veterinary education.
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Kidd L, Mackman N. Prothrombotic mechanisms and anticoagulant therapy in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:3-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Western University of Health Sciences; Pomona; CA; 91766
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Roberts NJ, Patel IS, Kidd L, Lawrence M, Booth J. P32 Does Disease Severity Affect Patient Activation Scores in COPD?: Abstract P32 Table 1. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Roberts NJ, Younis I, Kidd L, Partridge MR. Barriers to the implementation of self management support in long term lung conditions. London J Prim Care (Abingdon) 2012; 5:35-47. [PMID: 25949665 PMCID: PMC4413720 DOI: 10.1080/17571472.2013.11493370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Self-management improves outcomes in asthma and COPD and is strongly recommended in national and international guidelines; however implementation of the guidelines such as use of written action plans in practice is often poor. Setting A questionnaire survey was undertaken to identify the healthcare professional barriers to implementation of self-management for asthma and COPD in West London. Question Why is self-management education not being undertaken in respiratory conditions? Methods A questionnaire was designed to elicit healthcare professionals' views about barriers to implementation of self-management in asthma and COPD. Results Response rates were 33% (58/175). Results showed strong support for guideline recommendations, however implementation was patchy. Seventy six percent of respondents discussed asthma self-management with patients; however only 47.8% of patients received a written action plan. For COPD patients, 55.1% discussed self-management, with 41% receiving a written action plan. In COPD, there was greater GP involvement and less delegation of self-management. Barriers to implementation included patient factors (compliance, literacy and patient understanding), time constraints and insufficient resources. Those who believed they had witnessed improved health outcomes with self-management (53%, 31/58) were more likely to give written action plans (78%, 24/31, 'nearly always/sometimes' gave written action plans), Nearly a third of healthcare professionals reported lacking confidence in constructing written action plans (33% 19/58; GPs 43%, nurses 43%). Conclusion Despite overwhelming evidence self-management support is still not being implemented into routine clinical practice, identified barriers included time constraints, lack of training, lack of belief in patients ability to self-manage and lack of confidence completing self-management plans. Practice implications These issues need to be addressed if self-management support is to be delivered in a meaningful and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Roberts
- Research Fellow in Complex Interventions, Glasgow Caledonian University, Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, UK
| | - I Younis
- Former MPH Student, Imperial College London, NHLI Division at Charing Cross Hospital, UK
| | - L Kidd
- Research Fellow in Public Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, UK
| | - M R Partridge
- Professor of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London, NHLI Division at Charing Cross Hospital, UK and Senior Vice Dean, The Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, A Joint School by Imperial College and the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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24
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Kidd L, Forbat L, Kochen M, Kearney N. The supportive care needs of carers of people affected by cancer stationed in British Forces Germany. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2010; 20:212-9. [PMID: 20345459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carers are central to the effective support of people affected by cancer. Little is known however about the specific support needs of carers of military personnel. This study aimed to determine the supportive care needs of unpaid carers within British Forces (including military/civilian personnel, their families and dependent adults) currently stationed in Germany. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven carers (six men and one woman) in three British army garrisons across Germany, to identify core aspects of the experience of caregiving in this environment. Analysis of interviews with carers was based on qualitative thematic and content analysis. Three key themes were identified: (1) impact on carers of their partners being diagnosed with cancer; (2) provision of support; and (3) challenges to accessing and obtaining support. Central issues pivot around the context of working and living in the armed forces and a lack of supportive care infrastructure. While drawing on a small sample size, this study nonetheless identifies that carers of people with cancer within the armed forces, who are stationed in Germany require a specialised and contextually specific set of services to address their supportive care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- Cancer Care Research Centre, University of Stirling, Stirling Cancer Care Research Centre, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescribing errors complicate a significant number of paediatric admissions. Ongoing training and monitoring of prescribing competency in junior doctors has occurred in Cardiff since 2001, alongside national measures aimed at improving training and competency. AIM Ongoing monitoring of junior doctors' prescribing competency to assess the effect of these national and local initiatives. METHODS Junior doctors receive training and subsequent assessment on prescribing competency at induction. A 1 h bleep-free session concerning paediatric prescribing precedes completion of four prescribing tasks. British National Formulary for children and calculators are provided. Those scoring 0 or 1 are retrained before prescribing is permitted. Our previously published data of doctors between 2001 and 2004 was compared with assessment in 2007. RESULTS 30 junior doctors were assessed in 2007 (32 in 2001-2004). All four questions were answered correctly by 22/30, compared to 10/32 (31%) in 2001-2004. The mean score in 2007 was 93.3% compared to 57.8% previously (see table 1). Comparison of means with previous results demonstrated statistically significant improvement with a mean difference of 36% (95% CI 24 to 47). In 2007, eight (27%) doctors got just one question wrong and no doctor answered all questions incorrectly. In 2001-2004, 22/32 (67%) made at least one error during previous assessment, and one doctor answered all questions incorrectly. Table 1Prescribing assessment scores in 2001-2004 and 2007 Answer scores2001-2004 (n=32)2007 (n=30)All questions correct10 (31%)22 (73%)One incorrect08 (27%)Two incorrect13 (41%)0Three incorrect8 (25%)0All questions incorrect1 (3%)0 CONCLUSION Ongoing monitoring of junior doctors' prescribing ability has demonstrated improvements which may be due to local and national training initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff, UK.
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Abstract
The purpose of the literature review was to find out why people affected by cancer have been involved in research; how they have been involved and the impact of their involvement. We used systematic methods to search for literature, applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducted a quality appraisal, selected relevant data from the included articles for analysis, and provided a narrative summary of these data. The literature shows that people affected by cancer, particularly women with breast cancer, have been involved in a range of research programmes, projects and initiatives especially in the USA, UK, Canada and Australia. Their involvement has impacted upon research design, accrual and response rates. There is increasing recognition of the need for an infrastructure, including formal recruitment procedures, training and mentoring, to support an agenda of involvement and a need to challenge the ethos of traditional research, which does not easily lend itself to this agenda. Further critique of the role of 'experiential knowledge' in research is required so that researchers and people affected by cancer can work in partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hubbard
- Cancer Care Research Centre, Department of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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27
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Kidd L, Maggi R, Diniz PPVP, Hegarty B, Tucker M, Breitschwerdt E. Evaluation of conventional and real-time PCR assays for detection and differentiation of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in dog blood. Vet Microbiol 2007; 129:294-303. [PMID: 18226476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia is important cause of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in people and dogs. Importantly, dogs can serve as sentinels for disease in people. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests that differentiate among species of infecting Rickettsia are needed. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific PCR that differentiates SFG Rickettsia infecting dog blood. Conventional and real-time PCR assays were developed using primers that targeted a small region of the ompA gene. Their sensitivity, determined by testing a cloned target sequence in the presence of host DNA, was 15-30 and 5 copies of DNA, respectively. Testing of Rickettsia cultures and analysis of Rickettsia gene sequences deposited in GenBank verified DNA could be amplified and used to differentiate species. DNA from the blood of infected dogs was also tested. Importantly, Rickettsia DNA was detected before seroconversion in some dogs. The species of infecting Rickettsia was also identified. We conclude these assays may assist in the timely diagnosis of infection with SFG Rickettsia. They may also facilitate the discovery of novel SFG Rickettsia infecting dogs, and in the investigation of dogs as sentinels for emerging rickettsioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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28
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Kidd L, Kearney N. 8085 ORAL An exploration of perceived control, self efficacy and involvement in self care during treatment for cancer. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Solano-Gallego L, Kidd L, Trotta M, Di Marco M, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Breitschwerdt E. Febrile illness associated with Rickettsia conorii infection in dogs from Sicily. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1985-8. [PMID: 17326960 PMCID: PMC3291343 DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report serologic and molecular evidence of acute, febrile illness associated with Rickettsia conorii in 3 male Yorkshire terriers from Sicily (Italy).
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30
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Kidd L, Hegarty B, Sexton D, Breitschwerdt E. Molecular characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii infecting dogs and people in North Carolina. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:400-9. [PMID: 17114748 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMST) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people and dogs in the United States. Disease manifestations are strikingly similar in both species, and illness in dogs can precede illness in people. R. rickettsii has been identified as a Select Agent by the CDC as a Category C priority pathogen by the National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases because it is amenable to use as a bioterror agent. The clinical and temporal relationship of naturally occurring diseases in dogs and people suggests that dogs could serve as sentinels for natural infection and bioterrorist attacks using this organism. Recognizing genetic modifications in naturally occurring disease agents in order to distinguish them from intentionally released agents are priorities put forth by the NIAID. To determine whether the rickettsiae naturally infecting dogs is the same as those that infect persons in a given geographical region, we characterized rickettsial isolates obtained from three dogs and two persons diagnosed with RMSF in North Carolina. Portions of three genes (ompA, rrs, and gltA) amplified by PCR were cloned and sequenced or directly sequenced. Reactions were run in duplicate in forward and reverse directions. Gene sequences were aligned with known sequences deposited in GenBank and with each other. Sequences of the 5' region of the ompA gene were 100% homologous with a tick strain (Bitterroot) of R. rickettsii for all five isolates. Sequences of the rrs gene were 99.8 99.9% homologous with a tick strain (Sawtooth) of R. rickettsii. rrs gene sequences from one dog and the two persons was identical. Sequences of one dog isolate differed from these by one base pair. Sequences from another dog isolate differed by two base pairs. Sequences of the gltA gene are pending. This confirms on a molecular level that R. rickettsii causing naturally occurring RMSF in dogs in North Carolina is highly homologous to R. rickettsii that causes the disease in people in the same region. Sequence data will be deposited in GenBank, thereby providing genetic information regarding naturally occurring R. rickettsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- TheScripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Kearney N, Kidd L, Miller M, Sage M, Khorrami J, McGee M, Cassidy J, Niven K, Gray P. Utilising handheld computers to monitor and support patients receiving chemotherapy: results of a UK-based feasibility study. Support Care Cancer 2006; 14:742-52. [PMID: 16525792 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-005-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
GOALS OF WORK Recent changes in cancer service provision mean that many patients spend a limited time in hospital and therefore experience and must cope with and manage treatment-related side effects at home. Information technology can provide innovative solutions in promoting patient care through information provision, enhancing communication, monitoring treatment-related side effects and promoting self-care. PATIENTS AND METHODS The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the acceptability of using handheld computers as a symptom assessment and management tool for patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. A convenience sample of patients (n = 18) and health professionals (n = 9) at one Scottish cancer centre was recruited. Patients used the handheld computer to record and send daily symptom reports to the cancer centre and receive instant, tailored symptom management advice during two treatment cycles. Both patients' and health professionals' perceptions of the handheld computer system were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the project. MAIN RESULTS Patients believed the handheld computer had improved their symptom management and felt comfortable in using it. The health professionals also found the handheld computer to be helpful in assessing and managing patients' symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This project suggests that a handheld-computer-based symptom management tool is feasible and acceptable to both patients and health professionals in complementing the care of patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kearney
- Cancer Care Research Centre, Department of Nursing & Midwifery, R.G. Bomont Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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Barnes MP, Best D, Kidd L, Roberts B, Stark S, Weeks P, Whitaker J. The use of botulinum toxin type-B in the treatment of patients who have become unresponsive to botulinum toxin type-A -- initial experiences. Eur J Neurol 2006; 12:947-55. [PMID: 16324088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of botulinum toxin type-A, especially for focal dystonia and spasticity has highlighted the issue of secondary non-responsiveness. Within the last few years botulinum toxin type-B (Myobloc/Neurobloc) has become commercially available as an alternative to type-A. This paper discusses our initial experience of botulinum toxin type-B in a total of 63 individuals who attended our botulinum clinic. Thirty-six patients had cervical dystonia and a secondary non-response to type-A toxin. Thirteen of these patients (36%) had a reasonable clinical response to Neurobloc and continue to have injections. The other 23 patients either had no response, or a poor response, or had unacceptable side effects and ceased treatment. A small number of people with blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and foot dystonia also had a disappointing response to injection. Twenty patients with spasticity were also type-A resistant. Seven of these show some continuing response to type-B, without unacceptable side effects. These findings demonstrate that botulinum toxin type-B has a place in the management of patients who have become non-responsive to type-A, but overall the responses to type-B toxin were disappointing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Barnes
- Specialist Neurological Rehabilitation Services Division, Northgate & Prudhoe NHS Trust, Hunters Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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Salavaggione OE, Kidd L, Prondzinski JL, Szumlanski CL, Pankratz VS, Wang L, Trepanier L, Weinshilboum RM. Canine red blood cell thiopurine S-methyltransferase: companion animal pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12:713-24. [PMID: 12464800 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200212000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) plays an important role in the metabolism of thiopurine drugs. In humans, a common genetic polymorphism for TPMT is a major factor responsible for individual variation in the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are also treated with thiopurine drugs and, similar to humans, they display large individual variations in thiopurine toxicity and efficacy. We set out to determine whether dogs might also display genetically determined variation in TPMT activity. As a first step, we observed that canine red blood cell (RBC) TPMT activity in samples from 145 dogs varied over a nine-fold range. That variation was not associated with either the age or sex of the animal. Subsequently, we cloned the canine TPMT cDNA and gene. The canine cDNA encoded a protein that was 81.2% identical to the enzyme encoded by the most common TPMT allele in humans. A genotype-phenotype correlation analysis was performed by resequencing the canine gene using DNA samples from 39 animals selected for high, low or intermediate levels of RBC TPMT activity. We observed nine polymorphisms in these 39 DNA samples, including three insertion/deletion events and six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one of which was a nonsynonymous cSNP (Arg97Gln). However, when the variant allozyme at codon 97 was expressed in COS-1 cells, it did not display significant differences in either basal levels of TPMT activity or in substrate kinetics compared with the wild-type allozyme. Six of the nine canine TPMT polymorphisms were associated with 67% of the variation in level of RBC TPMT activity in these 39 blood samples. When those six SNPs were assayed using DNA from all 145 animals studied, 40% of the phenotypic variance in the entire population sample could be explained by these polymorphisms. Therefore, inheritance is a major factor involved in the regulation of variation in RBC TPMT in the dog, just as it is in humans. These observations represent a step towards the application of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic principles to companion animal drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreste E Salavaggione
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Medical School-Mayo Clinic-Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Carr AP, Panciera DL, Kidd L. Prognostic Factors for Mortality and Thromboembolism in Canine Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Retrospective Study of 72 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Carr AP, Panciera DL, Kidd L. Prognostic factors for mortality and thromboembolism in canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: a retrospective study of 72 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16:504-9. [PMID: 12322697 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0504:pffmat>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical records of 72 dogs diagnosed with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) were reviewed to find risk factors for the disease, for mortality, and for thromboembolism. Coagulation data of 32 patients were evaluated for mortality or thromboembolism risk factors. Cocker Spaniels were at increased risk for IMHA (P = .012). Timing of vaccination was not associated with development of IMHA. PCV ranged from 5 to 33%, with a mean of 16 +/- 5%. Autoagglutination was present in 42% of the dogs. Platelet counts (n = 60) varied from 3,000 to 793,000/microL (mean, 160,117 +/- 133,571; median, 144,000). Thrombocytopenia (platelet count, <200,000/microL) was present in 70% of the dogs, with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count, <50,000/microL) being present in 22%. One-step prothrombin time (OSPT) was prolonged in 28% of the dogs tested, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged in 47% of the dogs tested. Fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDPs) were detected in 16 of 28 dogs tested (57%). Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed in 10 of 31 (32%) dogs and was suspected in 8 dogs. Thromboemboli were found in 20 of 25 dogs given postmortem examinations. Mortality rate was 58%. Thrombocytopenia (P = .008) and serum bilirubin concentration of >5 mg/dL (P = .015) were risk factors for mortality, and hypoalbuminemia approached significance (P = .053). Severe thrombocytopenia (P = .046), serum bilirubin concentration of >5 mg/dL (P = .038), and hypoalbuminemia (P = .016) were risk factors for thromboembolism. On evaluation of continuous data, decreased platelet count (P = .057), increased bilirubin (P = .062), and decreased albumin (P = .054) approached significance for decreased survival. A higher risk for thrombosis was found with increased alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) (P = .042), increased bilirubin (P = .047), and decreased albumin (P = .012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Carr
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Kidd L, Stepien RL, Amrheiw DP. Clinical findings and coronary artery disease in dogs and cats with acute and subacute myocardial necrosis: 28 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36:199-208. [PMID: 10825090 DOI: 10.5326/15473317-36-3-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Records of final diagnoses based on necropsies performed on dogs and cats over a 4.5-year period at a university teaching hospital were examined for the diagnosis of acute or subacute myocardial necrosis. Clinical findings signaling the occurrence of myocardial necrosis were often not specific, due to simultaneously occurring disease processes. However, of 28 animals identified, dyspnea occurred frequently (17/28; 61%) and in some cases in the presence of minimal pulmonary pathology (2/3; 66%) or otherwise unexplained pulmonary edema (4/4; 100%). Elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (10/10; 100%) and creatine kinase (5/9; 55%) were also frequent. Disease processes associated with thrombus formation were present for each case in which a coronary artery thrombus occurred (5/28; 18%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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Sturgis CD, Caraway NP, Johnston DA, Sherman SI, Kidd L, Katz RL. Image analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma fine-needle aspirates: significant association between aneuploidy and death from disease. Cancer 1999; 87:155-60. [PMID: 10385447 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990625)87:3<155::aid-cncr9>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy in the U.S. As many as half of patients with papillary carcinoma present with cervical lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis. Metastatic disease involving cervical lymph node tissue has not historically been proven to correlate with a more aggressive course; however, distant metastases worsen prognosis. METHODS Diagnostic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears from 26 primary and metastatic papillary carcinomas underwent Feulgen reaction and were studied by image analysis to determine DNA pattern, proliferation index, and the percentage of cells with DNA content >5C. The medical records of all the patients were reviewed for metastatic disease pattern and survival data. For metastatic pattern, two groups were defined: 1) confined to thyroid/local lymph node metastases/soft tissues of the neck involved by tumor, and 2) distant metastases. RESULTS Among the 26 patients, 16 had "nonaggressive" DNA patterns described as diploid, abnormal diploid, or tetraploid, and 10 had "aggressive" DNA patterns described as aneuploid. Only 2 of the 16 patients in the "nonaggressive" DNA pattern group developed distant metastases, whereas 5 of the 10 patients in the aneuploid group developed distant metastatic disease. In addition, none of the 16 patients with "nonaggressive" DNA patterns died of disease, whereas 3 of the 10 individuals with DNA histograms interpreted as aneuploid did die of metastatic disease complications. CONCLUSIONS Aneuploidy identified by image analysis of FNA of papillary thyroid carcinoma is significantly associated with death from papillary carcinoma (log rank test, P=0.027).
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Sturgis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Hughes JH, Katz RL, Rodriguez-Villanueva J, Kidd L, Dinney C, Grossman HB, Fritsche HA. Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22): a diagnostic adjunct to urine cytologic examination for the detection of recurrent transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 20:285-90. [PMID: 10319229 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199905)20:5<285::aid-dc7>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compares urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) immunoassay and conventional urine cytologic examination for detecting recurrent transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. One hundred twenty-eight urine specimens from 107 patients with a history of TCC of the urinary bladder were studied. NMP22 immunoassay and conventional cytologic examination were performed on each specimen. The NMP22 and cytology results were then compared with the results of subsequent cystoscopies/surgical biopsies performed over a 6-mo follow-up period. The sensitivity of urine cytologic study for predicting recurrent TCC was 60%, while the sensitivity of NMP22 assay was 47%. When both NMP22 assay results and the cytologic interpretation were positive for TCC, the positive predictive value of the combined tests was 74%. When both tests showed negative results, the negative predictive power was 81%. Our findings suggest that urine NMP22 assay may represent a useful diagnostic adjunct to conventional urine cytologic examination for the detection of recurrent TCC of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hughes
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City 52242-1009, USA.
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Abstract
Forelimb navicular bones and associated soft tissues were collected from 3 groups of horses and subjected to pathological examinations. The groups consisted of 38 horses with clinical navicular disease (ND) and 2 control groups, with no history of forelimb lameness, consisting of 25 age-matched mature horses (A-MC) and 9 immature horses (IC). Histological and histomorphometric studies were performed on tissue samples from 10 ND, 10 A-MC and 5 IC horses. Gross changes seen only in ND horses included: full thickness defects in the palmar surface fibrocartilage, palmar cortex erosion, medullary lysis, flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDPT) surface fibrillation, FDPT core lesions and adhesions between the FDPT and navicular bone. Palmar surface partial thickness fibrocartilage loss and distal border fragmentation were seen with a significantly greater incidence in ND than in A-MC and not observed in IC. Remodelling of the proximal border, FDPT surface colouration, palmar surface fibrocartilage colouration and proximal border entheseous bone were identified in ND and A-MC but not in IC. Mid-ridge synovial fossae and horizontal depressions in the palmar surface were identified in all groups. Histologically palmar fibrocartilage thinning and loss were associated with reduced palmar fibrocartilage cell density and chondrocyte cluster formation. Palmar fibrocartilage fibrillation, palmar cortical bone defects, fibromyxoid stromal change in the medulla, medullary pseudocyst formation and entheseous new bone formation were all seen in ND. The adjacent FDPT showed fibrillation, tag formation and degeneration of the dorsal surface. Necrotic foci were also present within the body of the tendon. Although not always present, medullary bone pseudocysts, separate mineralised foci and most changes on the dorsal surface of the FDPT were specific to ND. Bone histomorphometric parameters were compared among groups. Cross-sectional area reduced from the sagittal ridge to the medial and lateral margins of each navicular bone. IC navicular bones had a smaller subchondral area, subchondral bone volume and a greater osteoid volume than in the AC, indicating that these differences were age-related. In ND the medullary area was decreased but the trabecular bone volume increased. The palmar subchondral area was increased but contained bone with an increased porosity and osteoid volume. Changes occurred from the medial to the lateral margins of the bone in horses with ND indicating remodelling of the bony elements throughout the bone in ND. The histological and histomorphometric changes in the navicular bone and palmar fibrocartilage were considered similar of those found in articular hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the individual and combined ability of cytology (CYT), image analysis (IA), and cystoscopy (CYSTO) to predict the presence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) at 6 months of follow-up in patients with or without a prior history of urothelial carcinoma and negative (NEG) or equivocal (atypical or suspicious) urinary CYT. METHODS Fifty-one patients (43 with prior TCC) provided 57 urinary samples that were evaluated by CYT and DNA IA. Forty-nine patients were evaluated by CYSTO. Disease status was reassessed at 6 months by a combination of clinical, CYSTO, CYT, and histologic follow-up. RESULTS At 6 months' follow-up, the incidence of recurrence for patients with diploid, broad diploid, or aneuploid DNA histograms was 38%, 73%, and 100%, respectively. In the same group of patients, 43% of patients with NEG and "atypical" CYT recurred compared with 83.3% of patients with "suspicious" CYT. The predictive value (PV) of a positive (+) CYSTO evaluation was 100%; however, a NEG CYSTO examination was correct in only 73% of cases. Sensitivities of CYT, IA, and CYSTO to predict recurrence were 54%, 59%, and 62.5%, respectively, whereas the combined sensitivity of all three modalities was 72%. The +PV of combined CYT and IA in patients with prior TCC was 90% with aneuploidy 100% specific for malignancy; the NEG PV of combined CYT, IA, and CYSTO was 70%. CYT, IA, and CYSTO were highly significant in predicting recurrence (P = 0.0017, P = 0.0026, and P = 0.0002, respectively) whereas tumor grade and degree of invasiveness as assessed on initial biopsy were not significant. However, 11% of patients recurred between 6 months to 1 year who had NEG CYT, NEG CYSTO, and NEG IA. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic accuracy increases in patients with NEG or equivocal CYT if supplemented by DNA IA and CYSTO. In patients with no history of TCC, equivocal urine CYT and/or abnormal DNA IA can occur after chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or viral infection. In these patients, the combined approach together with accurate history is essential for correct diagnosis. For the small subpopulation of patients who recur but demonstrate no abnormalities on combined testing, more sensitive diagnostic tests, such as chromosomal abnormalities by in situ hybridization, need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Katz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Guidozzi F, Szumel RC, Ball JH, Johnston DA, Katz RL, Kidd L. Image analysis of cellular DNA content in peritoneal fluid of patients with ovarian tumors of low malignant potential and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1996; 61:204-9. [PMID: 8626133 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1996.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Image analysis has rarely been used to quantitate the DNA content of intact cells derived from peritoneal fluid in patients with ovarian malignancy. An average of 118 (range 100-208) of the most atypical, visually selected Feulgen-stained cells in peritoneal fluid obtained from 46 patients undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery for histologically proven ovarian tumors of low malignant potential and truly invasive ovarian cancer were evaluated retrospectively using the SAMBA-4000 Image analysis system. The patients were stratified into 3 groups: 16 with ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP), 14 with low-stage disease (LSD) (FIGO I and II), and 16 with advanced-stage (ASD) (FIGO III and IV). A pattern of high-degree aneuploidy with negative balance (means: LMP, 3.3; LSD, 20.5; ASD, 32.0), increased proliferative index (LMP, 11.2; LSD, 16.1; ASD, 13.9), and percentage of cells with DNA content greater than 5C (LMP, 6.7; LSD, 6.5; ASD, 9.5) was demonstrated in the peritoneal fluid of 8 of 16 patients with LMP (50%), 8 of 14 patients with LSD (57%), and 13 of 16 with ASD (81%). The median disease-free interval for patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer with peritoneal DNA diploid tumor cells was 57 months and for those with DNA aneuploid tumor cells 28 months, while in patients with LMP it was 65 and 54 months, respectively. In total, 19 patients developed a recurrence (LMP, 2; LSD, 5; ASD, 12) of which 17 were shown to have DNA aneuploid cells in the peritoneal fluid. Multivariate analysis, however, did not identify aneuploid population in the fluid, ploidy balance, proliferation indices, or degree of hyperploidy as an independently significant variable for predicting recurrence. It did appear, however, that tumor cells in peritoneal fluid with a degree of hyperploidy greater than 8 had a strong correlation for development of recurrence, although not statistically significant. Interactive image analysis of tumor cells in peritoneal fluid proved to be a valuable adjunct to cytodiagnosis. Seven of 28 patients (25%) who were underdiagnosed by cytology alone (LMP, 2; LSD, 3; ASD, 2) were shown to have malignant cells in their peritoneal fluid, while 2 of 18 patients (11%) who were called positive by cytology (LMP, 1; LSD, 1) showed diploid pattern histograms and upon review were interpreted as reactive mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guidozzi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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de la Roza GL, Hopkovitz A, Caraway NP, Kidd L, Dinney CP, Johnston D, Katz RL. DNA image analysis of urinary cytology: prediction of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:571-8. [PMID: 8733774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the utility of image analysis in monitoring patients with transitional cell carcinoma, we studied, by cytologic means and by image analysis, 78 urinary tract specimens from 66 patients, of whom 49 (74%) had a previous history of transitional cell carcinoma. The specimens consisted of 51 (65%) voided urine specimens, 12 (15%) bladder washings, 8 (10%) ureteral washings, 3 (4%) ureteral brushings, 2 (3%) renal pelvic washings, and 2 (3%) catheterized urine specimens. DNA histograms were classified into five patterns on the basis of their DNA index and the percentage of their cells with DNA content greater than 5c: diploid (single peak in the 2c region with no cells greater than 5c), intermediate (diploid with less than 10% of cells greater than 5c), aneuploid (single peak or multiple peaks between the 2c and 4c region or more than 10% of cells greater than 5c), tetraploid (at least 10% of cells in the 4c region and a corresponding peak at 8c), and polyploid (multiple peaks in the 2c, 4c, 8c, and 10c regions). Of the 78 cases, 22 were diploid, 24 were intermediate, 29 were aneuploid, one was tetraploid, and two were polyploid. Histologic confirmation or clinical follow-up was found in 29 aneuploid cases, 13 intermediate cases, and one diploid case. Most cases of carcinoma in situ (five of six) and invasive tumors (12 of 17) were aneuploid. The sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 73% when cytologic and image analysis results were combined. We conclude that image analysis, when combined with cytologic examination, is a reliable noninvasive diagnostic test for monitoring patients with transitional cell carcinoma; aneuploidy is specific for malignancy; and the presence of cells greater than 5c, although frequently associated with tumor recurrence, can be seen in non-neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L de la Roza
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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McCrindle BW, Shaffer KM, Kan JS, Zahka KG, Rowe SA, Kidd L. Cardinal clinical signs in the differentiation of heart murmurs in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996; 150:169-74. [PMID: 8556121 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170270051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment of heart murmurs in children and specific clinical features that are predictive of cardiac disease. DESIGN Concurrent case series with pretest-posttest assessment. SETTING Pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Five full-time academic pediatric cardiologists. MEASURES For each of 222 consecutive patients who were seen for first-time evaluation of a heart murmur, the clinical findings and diagnostic impressions were recorded after clinical assessment. The results of electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were then reviewed, and changes in diagnostic impressions were recorded and compared with the original impressions. RESULTS The prevalence of cardiac disease was 33%. Clinical assessment differentiated those patients with pathologic murmurs with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 88%, and negative predictive value of 96%. If diagnostic uncertainty was considered an indication for echocardiography, then sensitivity and specificity increased to 97% and 98%, respectively. Missed disease included only trivial or minor lesions. Clinical features that were independently predictive of the presence of disease included murmurs that were pansystolic (odds ratio [OR], 54.0), grade 3 or more in intensity (OR, 4.84), heard best at the left upper sternal border (OR, 4.24) and harsh in quality (OR, 2.37), and the presence of an abnormal second heart sound (OR, 4.09) and an early or midsystolic click (OR, 8.35). CONCLUSIONS Clinical assessment by a pediatric cardiologist is sufficient to distinguish pathologic from innocent heart murmurs. A genetic approach by using specific clinical features that are independently associated with disease may have some practical utility to noncardiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W McCrindle
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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McCrindle BW, Shaffer KM, Kan JS, Zahka KG, Rowe SA, Kidd L. Factors prompting referral for cardiology evaluation of heart murmurs in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:1277-9. [PMID: 7581765 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170240095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
This study sought to determine the extent of anxiety and misperceptions about heart murmurs for consenting parents of 182 children referred for first-time pediatric cardiology assessment (including echocardiography) of a heart murmur. From questionnaires completed before assessment, 22% of parents indicated that they were extremely concerned, and only 16% could define a heart murmur as a sound made by the heart. From 1-month follow-up questionnaires obtained from parents of children without heart disease at assessment, 10% continued to believe that their child had a heart problem. Cardiology assessment may not provide complete reassurance to all families and additional interventions may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W McCrindle
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Dyson SJ, Kidd L. A comparison of responses to analgesia of the navicular bursa and intra-articular analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint in 59 horses. Equine Vet J 1993; 25:93-8. [PMID: 8467786 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Analgesia of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and of the navicular bursa was performed independently in the lame or lamer forelimb of 59 horses, in which lameness was significantly improved by perineural analgesia of either the palmar digital or palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerves. In 3 horses no improvement was detected. Lameness was improved by analgesia of the DIP joint but there was no response to analgesia of the navicular bursa in 3 horses. In 12 horses, lameness was improved by analgesia of the navicular bursa but intra-articular analgesia resulted in no change. Forty-one horses responded both to analgesia of the navicular bursa and intra-articular analgesia of the DIP joint. Synovial fluid was retrieved from all DIP joints but from only one navicular bursa. It is suggested that a positive response to analgesia of the DIP joint does not necessarily imply that pain arises from the joint per se, but a positive response to intra-bursal analgesia probably reflects pathology of the bursa per se, the navicular bone and/or supporting ligaments and/or the DDFT. Radiographic abnormalities of the navicular bone in the lame or lamer limb were detected in 35 horses, all of which showed some response to analgesia of the navicular bursa. In 25 of these horses (71%) changes were only identifiable in the palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique views.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Dyson
- Equine Clinical Unit, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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Kidd L, Driscoll DJ, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Keane JF, O'Fallon WM, Pieroni DR, Wolfe RR, Weidman WH. Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Results of treatment of patients with ventricular septal defects. Circulation 1993; 87:I38-51. [PMID: 8425321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 1958 to 1969, 1,280 patients (mostly children) with ventricular septal defects (VSDs) were admitted to the First Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects (NHS-1) after cardiac catheterization. Most with small defects and Eisenmenger's syndrome were managed medically; most with large VSDs were managed surgically. Of those with moderate-size defects, some were managed medically, and some were managed surgically. Most had a second catheterization at the conclusion of NHS-1. More than 15 years have elapsed since NHS-1, and most of the cohort are adults. This report (Second Natural History Study) addresses the long-term results of medical and surgical management. METHODS AND RESULTS Of an original cohort of 1,280 patients, 1,099 were alive at completion of NHS-1. New data were obtained on 976 (76.3%) of the original cohort. Probability of 25-year survival was 87%, and admission severity was the best predictor of survival. Of the 860 patients managed medically during NHS-1, 245 subsequently required surgical closure of the VSD. Only 5.5% of patients who had surgical closure required a second operation. On follow-up, there was a higher-than-normal prevalence of serious arrhythmias. Bacterial endocarditis occurred rarely. Of patients with small VSDs, 94.1% were in New York Heart Association functional class I. With the exception of those with Eisenmenger's syndrome, most patients had a final clinical status that was excellent or good. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients fared well. However, there was a higher-than-normal prevalence of serious arrhythmia and sudden death, including those with small VSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kidd
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Driscoll DJ, Wolfe RR, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Keane JF, Kidd L, O'Fallon WM, Pieroni DR, Weidman WH. Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise of patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect. Circulation 1993; 87:I102-13. [PMID: 8425316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine exercise tolerance and cardiac response to exercise for a large cohort of adult subjects with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect participating in the Second Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects (NHS-2). METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise testing was performed on 134 of 235 NHS-2 full participants with aortic stenosis, 195 of 331 NHS-2 full participants with pulmonary stenosis, and 324 of 594 NHS-2 full participants with ventricular septal defect. A Bruce treadmill exercise protocol was used. Mean exercise duration for patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect was 86.5%, 94.2%, and 90.8% of predicted, respectively. For patients with aortic stenosis, there was a direct relation between echocardiographic Doppler maximum transaortic gradient and ST segment change during exercise. ST segment change during exercise was very uncommon for patients with pulmonary stenosis. For patients with ventricular septal defect, there was an association between arrhythmias noted during exercise and the presence of associated aortic insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Although exercise duration was well preserved for patients with each of the three defects, exercise tolerance was subnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Driscoll
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905
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O'Fallon WM, Crowson CS, Rings LJ, Weidman WH, Driscoll DJ, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Keane JF, Kidd L, Pieroni DR. Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Materials and methods. Circulation 1993; 87:I4-15. [PMID: 8425322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Results of the location and recruitment efforts and comparisons of responses from patients who cooperated at different levels in the Second Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects are included because they influenced the choice of analytic methods and are essential to the generalizability of the results to the entire study cohort. Included are examination and data collection protocols (e.g., protocol definitions, test procedures, and data editing), statistical methods (e.g., box plots, survival curves, multivariable models, and rate adjustment), participation results (e.g., proportional odds analysis, mortality, location, recruitment, and full participants, including comparison of questionnaire responses and comparison of questionnaire response and physician history), and a discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M O'Fallon
- Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905
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Driscoll DJ, Michels VV, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Keane JF, Kidd L, Pieroni DR, Rings LJ, Wolfe RR, Weidman WH. Occurrence risk for congenital heart defects in relatives of patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect. Circulation 1993; 87:I114-20. [PMID: 8425317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the risk of occurrence of congenital heart defects in offspring of individuals with a congenital heart defect is important for genetic counseling and understanding the etiology of congenital heart diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS A portion of the questionnaire mailed to all patients in the Second Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects (NHS-2) addressed marital status, pregnancy, miscarriage, and presence or absence of congenital heart defects or other congenital malformations in first-degree relatives. Offspring were not examined as a part of the study. For male probands with aortic stenosis (AS), three of 251 offspring had congenital heart disease, whereas one of 72 offspring of female probands with AS had congenital heart disease. For patients with pulmonary stenosis (PS), three of 176 offspring of male probands had congenital heart disease, whereas eight of 205 offspring of female probands had congenital heart disease. For male probands with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 10 of 334 offspring had congenital heart defects, and 11 of 384 offspring of female probands with VSD had offspring with congenital heart defects. The prevalence rate for noncardiac congenital anomalies in offspring of probands was 2%. CONCLUSIONS Based on known congenital heart defects in offspring of probands in the NHS-2, occurrence rates of congenital heart disease in children of subjects with AS, PS, and VSD were 1.2% (confidence interval [CI], 0.34-3.1%), 2.8% (CI, 1.4-5.1%), and 2.9% (CI, 1.8-4.4%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Driscoll
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905
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