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Gourgues G, Manso-Silván L, Chamberland C, Sirand-Pugnet P, Thiaucourt F, Blanchard A, Baby V, Lartigue C. A toolbox for manipulating the genome of the major goat pathogen, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001423. [PMID: 38193814 PMCID: PMC10866025 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a devastating disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) as a notifiable disease and threatening goat production in Africa and Asia. Although a few commercial inactivated vaccines are available, they do not comply with WOAH standards and there are serious doubts regarding their efficacy. One of the limiting factors to comprehend the molecular pathogenesis of CCPP and develop improved vaccines has been the lack of tools for Mccp genome engineering. In this work, key synthetic biology techniques recently developed for closely related mycoplasmas were adapted to Mccp. CReasPy-Cloning was used to simultaneously clone and engineer the Mccp genome in yeast, prior to whole-genome transplantation into M. capricolum subsp. capricolum recipient cells. This approach was used to knock out an S41 serine protease gene recently identified as a potential virulence factor, leading to the generation of the first site-specific Mccp mutants. The Cre-lox recombination system was then applied to remove all DNA sequences added during genome engineering. Finally, the resulting unmarked S41 serine protease mutants were validated by whole-genome sequencing and their non-caseinolytic phenotype was confirmed by casein digestion assay on milk agar. The synthetic biology tools that have been successfully implemented in Mccp allow the addition and removal of genes and other genetic features for the construction of seamless targeted mutants at ease, which will pave the way for both the identification of key pathogenicity determinants of Mccp and the rational design of novel, improved vaccines for the control of CCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gourgues
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BFP, UMR 1332, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lucía Manso-Silván
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Chamberland
- Université de Sherbrooke, Département de biologie, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - François Thiaucourt
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Blanchard
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BFP, UMR 1332, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Vincent Baby
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Carole Lartigue
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BFP, UMR 1332, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Akhtar A, Boissière A, Hao H, Saeed M, Dupuy V, Exbrayat A, Khan FA, Chu Y, Manso-Silván L. Multi-locus sequence analysis reveals great genetic diversity among Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strains in Asia. Vet Res 2022; 53:92. [PMID: 36376915 PMCID: PMC9664803 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) strains from Asia revealed unforeseen diversity and a central position for genotyping groups representing strains from Central/East Asia, suggesting a possible origin of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in this continent. A better assessment of the emergence, diversity and distribution of Mccp in Asia and Africa calls for renewed efforts to dramatically enlarge the sample of strains. Availability and affordability in the field, added to superior typeability (directly from poor samples) and high stability, discriminatory power and concordance with epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses, make MLSA an excellent tool for such investigations.
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Ahmad F, Khan H, Khan FA, Carson BD, Sadique U, Ahmad I, Saeed M, Rehman FU, Rehman HU. The first isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae Pakistan strain: A causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:710-717. [PMID: 32601044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) causes a severe, usually fatal disease in goats known as Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP). CCPP is listed by OIE as a notifiable animal diseases, causing economic losses in terms of high morbidity and mortality. Thus far, very limited information is available on the molecular characterization of the unique Mccp strains prevalent in Pakistan. The study was aimed to isolate Mccp local strain for the development of diagnostics and vaccines. METHODS Samples were collected during November 2017-December 2018 at Northern areas of Pakistan from 10 goat flocks each in Gilgit-Baltistan, Chitral, Swat, Buner, and Hazara. 900 samples were collected; nasal swabs (n = 400), tracheal swabs (n = 150) from naturally infected goats showing clinical signs of CCPP, and lungs tissue (n = 200), pleural fluid (n = 150) from goats at necropsy. RESULTS The clinical signs recorded were mucopurulent nasal discharges, cough, abdominal respiration and hyperthermia. The post-mortem revealed, pulmonary consolidation, fibrinous pleuropneumonia, and accumulation pleural fluid. The fried egg like growth was observed on agar in 16 (4%), 11 (7.3%), 38 (19%), and 24 (16%) nasal swab, tracheal swabs, lungs and pleural fluid samples, respectively. PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene revealed isolates, belongs to Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, in 72 (8%) samples. Forty one (4.5%) isolates were Mccp by specie specific PCR generating an amplicon of 316 bp. CONCLUSIONS We successfully isolated local strain of Mccp for the first time in Pakistan. This Mccp strain could be further utilized for the development of diagnostics and control measures against Mccp infection in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ahmad
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Directorate of Livestock and Dairy Development (Extension), Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hayatullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Directorate of Livestock and Dairy Development (Research), Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Bryan D Carson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Umar Sadique
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hanif Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Directorate of Livestock and Dairy Development (Research), Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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The first identification of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in sheep and goats in Egypt: molecular and pathological characterization. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1179-1186. [PMID: 31705356 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is one of the most fatal and contagious diseases of goats. To date, the occurrence of CCPP in Egypt has not been reported. During the period from 2017 to 2018, 200 goats and 400 sheep from Matrouh Governorate (Al Alamein and El Hammam cities) were suspected to have CCPP; animals were examined to confirm the presence of CCPP infection as well as the epidemiological status, clinical features, and molecular and histopathologic characteristics of lung tissues. Additionally, a treatment trial was performed to assess the efficacy of anti-mycoplasma therapy in the treatment of clinical cases of this disease. The occurrence of CCPP was 32.5% and 5% in goats and sheep, respectively, while case fatality was 30% and 8% in goats and sheep, respectively. The clinical forms of CCPP in both sheep and goats varied from per-acute to acute or chronic cases. Histopathological analysis of lung tissues from dead cases (either sheep or goats) revealed different stages of broncho- and pleuropneumonia ranging from per-acute to acute or chronic stages. Lung tissues showed severe congestion of interalveolar capillaries, flooding of alveoli and bronchi with a fibrinous exudate, a high degree of pleural thickening, and multifocal areas of necrosis that were sometimes sequestered in the fibrous capsule. Isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) was confirmed in all dead cases by agar and broth culture methods and polymerase chain reaction. The treatment trial revealed that the marbofloxacin and spiramycin groups had a higher cure rate (70%) than the oxytetracycline group (40%) and a lower fatality rate (30%) than the oxytetracycline group (60%). Conclusively, infection with CCPP in goats and sheep is considered to be novel for Mccp in Egypt, where this species is considered to be the main pathogen in goats, not in sheep. Additionally, it could be concluded that treatment may be effective only if given early. Further comprehensive surveys are required to investigate the risk of CCPP in goats and sheep in all Egyptian governorates.
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Jean de Dieu B, Charles BS, Nwankpa N, Chitsungo E, Moustapha Boukary CR, Maina N, Tefera TA, Nwankpa RV, Mwangi N, Mathurin Koffi Y. Development and Evaluation of Epitope-Blocking ELISA for Detection of Antibodies against Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goat Sera. Vet Sci 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31635322 PMCID: PMC6958372 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for the detection of antibodies against contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), the causative agent of which is Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp). The currently available commercial CCPP competitive ELISA (CCPP cELISA) kit produced and supplied by IDEXX Company (Westbrook, Maine, United States) is relatively expensive for most African laboratories. To address this issue and provide a variety of choices, a sensitive and specific blocking-ELISA (b-ELISA) test to detect antibodies against CCPP was developed. We describe the newly developed CCPP blocking-ELISA based on the blocking of an epitope of a monoclonal antibody (Mccp-25) by a positive serum sample against the Mccp protein coated on a plate. The Percentage Inhibition (PI) cut-off value for the CCPP b-ELISA was set at 50 using 466 CCPP negative and 84 CCPP positive small ruminant sera. Of the negative sera, 307 were obtained from the Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL) and 159 from the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI) Germany. The 84 positive sera samples came from experimentally vaccinated goats at the AU-PANVAC facility in Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia. The relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the CCPP b-ELISA was 93% and 88%, respectively. This test result indicated good correlation with that of the commercial CCPP cELISA by IDEXX Company (Westbrook, Maine, United States) with a Cohen's κ agreement of κ agreement of 0.85. The newly developed CCPP b-ELISA will be useful in the detection of antibodies for the diagnosis CCPP and for sero-surveillance during vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baziki Jean de Dieu
- African Union-Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P.O. Box 1746, Debrezeit, Ethiopia.
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), JKUAT Main Campus, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Bodjo S Charles
- African Union-Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P.O. Box 1746, Debrezeit, Ethiopia.
| | - Nick Nwankpa
- African Union-Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P.O. Box 1746, Debrezeit, Ethiopia.
| | - Ethel Chitsungo
- African Union-Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), P.O. Box 1746, Debrezeit, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Naomi Maina
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), JKUAT Main Campus, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Biochemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Takele A Tefera
- Research and Development Department, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debrezeit, Ethiopia.
| | - Rume Veronica Nwankpa
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia.
| | - Nduta Mwangi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Department, Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute (KEVEVAPI), P.O. Box 53260-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Yao Mathurin Koffi
- Laboratoire Central Veterinaire, Laboratoire de Virologie, B.P. 206 Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Iqbal Yatoo M, Raffiq Parray O, Tauseef Bashir S, Ahmed Bhat R, Gopalakrishnan A, Karthik K, Dhama K, Vir Singh S. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2019; 39:1-25. [PMID: 30929577 PMCID: PMC6830973 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1580826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a serious disease of goats, occasionally sheep and wild ruminants, caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease is characterized by severe serofibrinous pleuropneumonia, very high morbidity (∼100%), and mortality (80–100%). CCPP affects goats in more than 40 countries of the world thereby posing a serious threat to goat farming around the globe. The characteristic clinical signs of CCPP are severe respiratory distress associated with sero-mucoid nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia, pleurodynia, and general malaise. In later stages, severe lobar fibrinous pleuropneumonia, profuse fluid accumulation in pleural cavity, severe congestion of lungs and adhesion formation is observed. Mycoplasmal antigen interactions with host immune system and its role in CCPP pathogenesis are not clearly understood. CCPP is not a zoonotic disease. Diagnosis has overcome cumbersome and lengthy conventional tests involving culture, isolation, and identification by advanced serological (LAT, cELISA) or gene-based amplification of DNA (PCR, RFLP, and hybridization) and sequencing. The latex agglutination test (LAT) is rapid, simple, and better test for field and real-time diagnosis applicable to whole blood or serum and is more sensitive than the CFT and easier than the cELISA. Moreover, the studies on antibiotic sensitivity and exploration of novel antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, macrolides) can help in better therapeutic management besides preventing menace of antibiotic resistance. Re-visiting conventional prophylactic measures focussing on developing novel strain-based or recombinant vaccines using specific antigens (capsular or cellular) should be the most important strategy for controlling the disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- a Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry , Shuhama , Srinagar , India
| | - Oveas Raffiq Parray
- a Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry , Shuhama , Srinagar , India
| | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- b Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Bhat
- a Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry , Shuhama , Srinagar , India
| | - Arumugam Gopalakrishnan
- c Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine , Madras Veterinary College Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- d Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- e Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly , India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- f Animal Health Division , Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG) , Mathura , India
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El-Deeb W, Almujalli AA, Eljalii I, Elmoslemany A, Fayez M. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: The first isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Acta Trop 2017; 168:74-79. [PMID: 28111131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is one of the most fatal contagious disease of goats listed by World Organization for Animal Health that leads to major economic losses. It is caused by infection with Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae. In order to isolate the causative agents of CCPP for the first time in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, fifteen flocks from Eastern region (Al Ahsa, Dammam and Hafr Albaten) and ten flocks from Riyadh and Al-Kharj regions were selected for this study. A total of 700 samples (400 nasal swabs, 300 pleural fluid samples and lung samples (from necropsied animals)) were collected from goats showing typical signs of CCPP. The clinical signs of diseased cases revealed serous to mucoid nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, frothy salivation, and fever (40-42°C). Necropsied animals showed fibrinous pleuropneumonia and increased pleural fluid. Of 400 nasal swabs, 190 pleural fluid, and 110 lung samples, 26 (6.5%), 31 (16.3%) and 19 (17.3%) Mycoplasma isolates were recovered, respectively. Biochemically, all isolates were sensitive to digitonin and fermented glucose. Sixty seven of Mycoplasma isolates were belonged to Mycoplasma mycoides cluster based on detection of 16S rRNA. Polymerase chain reaction screening of Mycoplasma isolates using specific primer for M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae confirmed 55 isolates to be M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Abdul Aziz Almujalli
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam Eljalii
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elmoslemany
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Al-Ahsa Central Lab, Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Dupuy V, Verdier A, Thiaucourt F, Manso-Silván L. A large-scale genomic approach affords unprecedented resolution for the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Vet Res 2015; 46:74. [PMID: 26149260 PMCID: PMC4492101 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), is a devastating disease of domestic goats and of some wild ungulate species. The disease is currently spreading in Africa and Asia and poses a serious threat to disease-free areas. A comprehensive view of the evolutionary history and dynamics of Mccp is essential to understand the epidemiology of CCPP. Yet, analysing the diversity of genetically monomorphic pathogens, such as Mccp, is complicated due to their low variability. In this study, the molecular epidemiology and evolution of CCPP was investigated using a large-scale genomic approach based on next-generation sequencing technologies, applied to a sample of strains representing the global distribution of this disease. A highly discriminatory multigene typing system was developed, allowing the differentiation of 24 haplotypes among 25 Mccp strains distributed in six genotyping groups, which showed some correlation with geographic origin. A Bayesian approach was used to infer the first robust phylogeny of the species and to date the principal events of its evolutionary history. The emergence of Mccp was estimated only at about 270 years ago, which explains the low genetic diversity of this species despite its high mutation rate, evaluated at 1.3 × 10−6 substitutions per site per year. Finally, plausible scenarios were proposed to elucidate the evolution and dynamics of CCPP in Asia and Africa, though limited by the paucity of Mccp strains, particularly in Asia. This study shows how combining large-scale genomic data with spatial and temporal data makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive view of the epidemiology of CCPP, a precondition for the development of improved disease surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dupuy
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Axel Verdier
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Thiaucourt
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lucía Manso-Silván
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
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Akwuobu CA, Ayling RD, Chah KF, Oboegbulem SI. Studies into the prevalence of Mycoplasma species in small ruminants in Benue State, North-central Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1087-92. [PMID: 24828562 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The indicative prevalence of respiratory Mycoplasma species in small ruminants (SR) was determined in North-central Nigeria. Nasal swabs from 172 sheep and 336 goats from the Northeast, Northwest and South Senatorial Districts of Benue State were examined. Initial Mycoplasma isolation used Mycoplasma culture techniques followed by digitonin sensitivity testing. Species identification was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, Mycoplasma organisms were isolated from 131 (25.8 %) of the 508 SR examined. Prevalence rates of 18.1 and 29.8 % were recorded for sheep and goats, respectively. A total of 135 isolates of Mycoplasma belonging to three different species were identified: Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (127), Mycoplasma arginini (7) and Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (1). More than one Mycoplasma species were detected in four (3.1 %) of the 131 confirmed Mycoplasma positive cultures. Mycoplasma was isolated from 16.2 and 29.1 % of animals with and without respiratory signs, respectively. The high isolation rate of mycoplasmas in apparently healthy and clinically sick sheep and goats in this study indicates a carrier status in these SR which may constitute a serious problem in disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu A Akwuobu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
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Peyraud A, Poumarat F, Tardy F, Manso-Silván L, Hamroev K, Tilloev T, Amirbekov M, Tounkara K, Bodjo C, Wesonga H, Nkando IG, Jenberie S, Yami M, Cardinale E, Meenowa D, Jaumally MR, Yaqub T, Shabbir MZ, Mukhtar N, Halimi M, Ziay GM, Schauwers W, Noori H, Rajabi AM, Ostrowski S, Thiaucourt F. An international collaborative study to determine the prevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia by monoclonal antibody-based cELISA. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:48. [PMID: 24565080 PMCID: PMC3938968 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few serological tests are available for detecting antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). The complement fixation test, the test prescribed for international trade purposes, uses a crude antigen that cross-reacts with all the other mycoplasma species of the “mycoides cluster” frequently infecting goat herds. The lack of a more specific test has been a real obstacle to the evaluation of the prevalence and economic impact of CCPP worldwide. A new competitive ELISA kit for CCPP, based on a previous blocking ELISA, was formatted at CIRAD and used to evaluate the prevalence of CCPP in some regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Tajikistan and Pakistan in an international collaborative study. Results The strict specificity of the test was confirmed in CCPP-free goat herds exposed to other mycoplasma species of the “mycoides cluster”. Prevalence studies were performed across the enzootic range of the disease in Africa and Asia. Seroprevalence was estimated at 14.6% in the Afar region of Ethiopia, whereas all the herds presented for CCPP vaccination in Kenya tested positive (individual seroprevalence varied from 6 to 90% within each herd). In Mauritius, where CCPP emerged in 2009, nine of 62 herds tested positive. In Central Asia, where the disease was confirmed only recently, no positive animals were detected in the Wakhan District of Afghanistan or across the border in neighboring areas of Tajikistan, whereas seroprevalence varied between 2.7% and 44.2% in the other districts investigated and in northern Pakistan. The test was also used to monitor seroconversion in vaccinated animals. Conclusions This newly formatted CCPP cELISA kit has retained the high specificity of the original kit. It can therefore be used to evaluate the prevalence of CCPP in countries or regions without vaccination programs. It could also be used to monitor the efficacy of vaccination campaigns as high-quality vaccines induce high rates of seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - François Thiaucourt
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) UMR CMAEE, Montpellier F-34398, France.
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Nicholas R, Churchward C. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia: New Aspects of an Old Disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:189-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Manso-Silván L, Dupuy V, Chu Y, Thiaucourt F. Multi-locus sequence analysis of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae for the molecular epidemiology of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Vet Res 2011; 42:86. [PMID: 21756321 PMCID: PMC3177781 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a devastating disease of domestic goats. The exact distribution of CCPP is not known but it is present in Africa and the Middle East and represents a significant threat to many disease-free areas including Europe. Furthermore, CCPP has been recently identified in Tajikistan and China. A typing method with an improved resolution based on Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) has been developed to trace new epidemics and to elucidate whether the recently identified cases in continental Asia were due to recent importation of Mccp. The H2 locus, a polymorphic region already in use as a molecular marker for Mccp evolution, was complemented with seven new loci selected according to the analysis of polymorphisms observed among the genome sequences of three Mccp strains. A total of 25 strains, including the two new strains from Asia, were analysed by MLSA resulting in the discrimination of 15 sequence types based on 53 polymorphic positions. A distance tree inferred from the concatenated sequences of the eight selected loci revealed two evolutionary lineages comprising five groups, which showed good correlation with geographic origins. The presence of a distinct Asian cluster strongly indicates that CCPP was not recently imported to continental Asia. It is more likely that the disease has been endemic in the area for a long time, as supported by historical clinical descriptions. In conclusion, this MLSA strategy constitutes a highly discriminative tool for the molecular epidemiology of CCPP.
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Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Beetal goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:477-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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