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Ali H, El-Neweshy M, Al Mawly J, Heller M, Weber M, Schnee C. A molecular epidemiological investigation of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats and captive Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica) in Oman. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:155. [PMID: 38664764 PMCID: PMC11044429 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a fatal WOAH-listed, respiratory disease in small ruminants with goats as primary hosts that is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp). Twelve CCPP outbreaks were investigated in 11 goat herds and a herd of captive Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica) in four Omani governorates by clinical pathological and molecular analysis to compare disease manifestation and Mccp genetic profiles in goats and wild ungulates. RESULTS The CCPP forms in diseased and necropsied goats varied from peracute (5.8%), acute (79.2%) and chronic (4.5%) while all of the five necropsied gazelles showed the acute form based on the clinical picture, gross and histopathological evaluation. Colonies of Mccp were recovered from cultured pleural fluid, but not from lung tissue samples of one gazelle and nine goats and all the isolates were confirmed by Mccp-specific real time PCR. Whole genome-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed on the ten isolates sequenced in this study and twenty sequences retrieved from the Genbank database. The Mccp strains from Oman clustered all in phylogroup A together with strains from East Africa and one strain from Qatar. A low variability of around 125 SNPs was seen in the investigated Omani isolates from both goats and gazelles indicating mutual transmission of the pathogen between wildlife and goats. CONCLUSION Recent outbreaks of CCPP in Northern Oman are caused by Mccp strains of the East African Phylogroup A which can infect goats and captive gazelles likewise. Therefore, wild and captive ungulates should be considered as reservoirs and included in CCPP surveillance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham Ali
- College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Neweshy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Central Laboratory of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Muscat, Oman
| | - Julanda Al Mawly
- Central Laboratory of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Muscat, Oman
| | - Martin Heller
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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El-Deeb W, Almujalli AA, Eljalii I, Elmoslemany A, Fayez M. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: The first isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Acta Trop 2017; 168:74-79. [PMID: 28111131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is one of the most fatal contagious disease of goats listed by World Organization for Animal Health that leads to major economic losses. It is caused by infection with Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae. In order to isolate the causative agents of CCPP for the first time in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, fifteen flocks from Eastern region (Al Ahsa, Dammam and Hafr Albaten) and ten flocks from Riyadh and Al-Kharj regions were selected for this study. A total of 700 samples (400 nasal swabs, 300 pleural fluid samples and lung samples (from necropsied animals)) were collected from goats showing typical signs of CCPP. The clinical signs of diseased cases revealed serous to mucoid nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, frothy salivation, and fever (40-42°C). Necropsied animals showed fibrinous pleuropneumonia and increased pleural fluid. Of 400 nasal swabs, 190 pleural fluid, and 110 lung samples, 26 (6.5%), 31 (16.3%) and 19 (17.3%) Mycoplasma isolates were recovered, respectively. Biochemically, all isolates were sensitive to digitonin and fermented glucose. Sixty seven of Mycoplasma isolates were belonged to Mycoplasma mycoides cluster based on detection of 16S rRNA. Polymerase chain reaction screening of Mycoplasma isolates using specific primer for M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae confirmed 55 isolates to be M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Abdul Aziz Almujalli
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam Eljalii
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elmoslemany
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Al-Ahsa Central Lab, Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Tatay-Dualde J, Prats-van der Ham M, de la Fe C, Paterna A, Sánchez A, Corrales JC, Contreras A, Tola S, Gómez-Martin Á. Antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174700. [PMID: 28346546 PMCID: PMC5367824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information about its antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial and genetic variability of different Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum field isolates. For this purpose, the growth inhibition effect of 18 antimicrobials and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on five housekeeping genes (fusA, glpQ, gyrB, lepA and rpoB) were performed on 32 selected field isolates from Italy and Spain.The results showed a wide range of growth inhibitory effects for almost all the antimicrobials studied. Macrolides presented lower efficacy inhibiting Mcc growth than in previous works performed on other CA-causative mycoplasmas. Erythromycin was not able to inhibit the growth of any of the studied strains, contrary to doxycycline, which inhibited the growth of all of them from low concentrations. On the other hand, the study of the concatenated genes revealed a high genetic variability among the different Mcc isolates. Hence, these genetic variations were greater than the ones reported in prior works on other mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tatay-Dualde
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Miranda Prats-van der Ham
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Christian de la Fe
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Paterna
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Corrales
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Contreras
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Sebastiana Tola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martin
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
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Settypalli TBK, Lamien CE, Spergser J, Lelenta M, Wade A, Gelaye E, Loitsch A, Minoungou G, Thiaucourt F, Diallo A. One-Step Multiplex RT-qPCR Assay for the Detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus, Capripoxvirus, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies (ssp.) capripneumoniae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153688. [PMID: 27123588 PMCID: PMC4849753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections, although showing common clinical symptoms like pneumonia, are caused by bacterial, viral or parasitic agents. These are often reported in sheep and goats populations and cause huge economic losses to the animal owners in developing countries. Detection of these diseases is routinely done using ELISA or microbiological methods which are being reinforced or replaced by molecular based detection methods including multiplex assays, where detection of different pathogens is carried out in a single reaction. In the present study, a one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection of Capripoxvirus (CaPV), Peste de petits ruminants virus (PPRV), Pasteurella multocida (PM) and Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumonia (Mccp) in pathological samples collected from small ruminants with respiratory disease symptoms. The test performed efficiently without any cross-amplification. The multiplex PCR efficiency was 98.31%, 95.48%, 102.77% and 91.46% whereas the singleplex efficiency was 93.43%, 98.82%, 102.55% and 92.0% for CaPV, PPRV, PM and Mccp, respectively. The correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99 for all the targets in both multiplex and singleplex. Based on cycle threshold values, intra and inter assay variability, ranged between the limits of 2%-4%, except for lower concentrations of Mccp. The detection limits at 95% confidence interval (CI) were 12, 163, 13 and 23 copies/reaction for CaPV, PPRV, PM and Mccp, respectively. The multiplex assay was able to detect CaPVs from all genotypes, PPRV from the four lineages, PM and Mccp without amplifying the other subspecies of mycoplasmas. The discriminating power of the assay was proven by accurate detection of the targeted pathogen (s) by screening 58 viral and bacterial isolates representing all four targeted pathogens. Furthermore, by screening 81 pathological samples collected from small ruminants showing respiratory disease symptoms, CaPV was detected in 17 samples, PPRV in 45, and PM in six samples. In addition, three samples showed a co-infection of PPRV and PM. Overall, the one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay developed will be a valuable tool for rapid detection of individual and co-infections of the targeted pathogens with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles Euloge Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mamadou Lelenta
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Abel Wade
- Laboratoire National Vétérinaire (LANAVET), Annex Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
- Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, National Veterinary Institute, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Angelika Loitsch
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Mödling, Austria
| | | | - Francois Thiaucourt
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - Adama Diallo
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
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Cillara G, Manca MG, Longheu C, Tola S. Discrimination between Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum using PCR-RFLP and PCR. Vet J 2015; 205:421-3. [PMID: 26088269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (lpdA) gene was used to distinguish Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) from Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc), two of four Mycoplasma species that cause contagious agalactia in sheep and goats. After alignment of nucleotide sequences of both species, specific primer sets were designed from unchanging and variable gene segments. The first primer set LPD-C1-F/LPD-C1-R was used to amplify a 911 bp fragment that was subsequently co-digested with FastDigest PstI, SspI, EcoRI and ClaI enzymes. The PCR-RFLP profiles differentiated the two mycoplasma species. The second primer set was used to distinguish Mmc from Mcc by single tube PCR. Both methods were further applied to identify 54 isolates collected from dairy herds from different provinces in Sardinia. The results of this study showed that PCR-RFLP and PCR could be used in routine diagnosis for rapid and specific simultaneous discrimination of Mmc and Mcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Cillara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G. Pegreffi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Manca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G. Pegreffi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Longheu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G. Pegreffi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Tola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G. Pegreffi, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Chaber AL, Lignereux L, Al Qassimi M, Saegerman C, Manso-Silván L, Dupuy V, Thiaucourt F. Fatal transmission of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia to an Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:156-9. [PMID: 25069622 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is an infectious respiratory disease mainly affecting domestic goats. As CCPP has never been documented in grazing antelopes (subfamily hippotraginae), they were not considered susceptible. Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) was isolated from pleural liquid collected during the necropsy of a severely emaciated Arabian oryx with mild nasal discharge. The Mccp isolate was then genotyped using a multilocus sequence scheme; the sequence type was identical to the Mccp strain previously identified in a sand gazelle from a nearby enclosure. This case shows for the first time that members of the hippotraginae subfamily, here the Arabian oryx, can be affected by CCPP. In addition, genotyping shows that the oryx was most probably infected, at a distance, by sand gazelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Chaber
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULg), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 42, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Wildlife Consultant L.L.C, P.O. Box 13587, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - L Lignereux
- Environment Agency Abu Dhabi, Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity, P.O. Box 45553, Al Mamoura Building, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Al Qassimi
- Environment Agency Abu Dhabi, Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity, P.O. Box 45553, Al Mamoura Building, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - C Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULg), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Boulevard de Colonster, 42, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Manso-Silván
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - V Dupuy
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - F Thiaucourt
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Lartigue C, Lebaudy A, Blanchard A, El Yacoubi B, Rose S, Grosjean H, Douthwaite S. The flavoprotein Mcap0476 (RlmFO) catalyzes m5U1939 modification in Mycoplasma capricolum 23S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:8073-82. [PMID: 24939895 PMCID: PMC4081110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient protein synthesis in all organisms requires the post-transcriptional methylation of specific ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) nucleotides. The methylation reactions are almost invariably catalyzed by enzymes that use S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl group donor. One noteworthy exception is seen in some bacteria, where the conserved tRNA methylation at m5U54 is added by the enzyme TrmFO using flavin adenine dinucleotide together with N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate as the one-carbon donor. The minimalist bacterium Mycoplasma capricolum possesses two homologs of trmFO, but surprisingly lacks the m5U54 tRNA modification. We created single and dual deletions of the trmFO homologs using a novel synthetic biology approach. Subsequent analysis of the M. capricolum RNAs by mass spectrometry shows that the TrmFO homolog encoded by Mcap0476 specifically modifies m5U1939 in 23S rRNA, a conserved methylation catalyzed by AdoMet-dependent enzymes in all other characterized bacteria. The Mcap0476 methyltransferase (renamed RlmFO) represents the first folate-dependent flavoprotein seen to modify ribosomal RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Lartigue
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Anne Lebaudy
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Blanchard
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Basma El Yacoubi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, FL 32611, USA
| | - Simon Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Henri Grosjean
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, UPR3404, CNRS, Associée à l'Université Paris Sud 11, FRC 3115, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stephen Douthwaite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Zenonos G, Kim JE. Life, and ... Neurosurgery after the first "synthetic cell". Neurosurgery 2010; 67:N14-5. [PMID: 20644400 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000386962.16549.0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gibson DG, Glass JI, Lartigue C, Noskov VN, Chuang RY, Algire MA, Benders GA, Montague MG, Ma L, Moodie MM, Merryman C, Vashee S, Krishnakumar R, Assad-Garcia N, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Young L, Qi ZQ, Segall-Shapiro TH, Calvey CH, Parmar PP, Hutchison CA, Smith HO, Venter JC. Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome. Science 2010; 329:52-6. [PMID: 20488990 DOI: 10.1126/science.1190719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1317] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Gibson
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Lartigue C, Vashee S, Algire MA, Chuang RY, Benders GA, Ma L, Noskov VN, Denisova EA, Gibson DG, Assad-Garcia N, Alperovich N, Thomas DW, Merryman C, Hutchison CA, Smith HO, Venter JC, Glass JI. Creating Bacterial Strains from Genomes That Have Been Cloned and Engineered in Yeast. Science 2009; 325:1693-6. [PMID: 19696314 DOI: 10.1126/science.1173759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Lartigue
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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de Crécy-Lagard V, Marck C, Brochier-Armanet C, Grosjean H. Comparative RNomics and modomics in Mollicutes: prediction of gene function and evolutionary implications. IUBMB Life 2008; 59:634-58. [PMID: 17852564 DOI: 10.1080/15216540701604632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable RNAs are central to protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNAs make the core of the ribosome and provide the scaffold for accurate translation of mRNAs by a set of tRNA molecules each carrying an activated amino acid. To fulfill these important cellular functions, both rRNA and tRNA molecules require more than the four canonical bases and have recruited enzymes that introduce numerous modifications on nucleosides. Mollicutes are parasitic unicellular bacteria that originated from gram-positive bacteria by considerably reducing their genome, reaching a minimal size of 480 kb in Mycoplasma genitalium. By analyzing the complete set of tRNA isoacceptors (tRNomics) and predicting the tRNA/rRNA modification enzymes (Modomics) among all sequenced Mollicutes (15 in all), our goal is to predict the minimal set of RNA modifications needed to sustain accurate translation of the cell's genetic information. Building on the known phylogenetic relationship of the 15 Mollicutes analyzed, we demonstrate that the solutions to reducing the RNA component of the translation apparatus vary from one Mollicute to the other and often rely on co-evolution of specific tRNA isoacceptors and RNA modification enzymes. This analysis also reveals that only a few modification enzymes acting on nucleotides of the anticodon loop in tRNA (the wobble position 34 as well as in position 37, 3'-adjacent to anticodon) and of the peptidyltransferase center of 23S rRNA appear to be absolutely essential and resistant to gene loss during the evolutionary process of genome reduction.
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Abstract
In 1985, we reported that a bacterium, Mycoplasma capricolum, used a deviant genetic code, namely UGA, a "universal" stop codon, was read as tryptophan. This finding, together with the deviant nuclear genetic codes in not a few organisms and a number of mitochondria, shows that the genetic code is not universal, and is in a state of evolution. To account for the changes in codon meanings, we proposed the codon capture theory stating that all the code changes are non-disruptive without accompanied changes of amino acid sequences of proteins. Supporting evidence for the theory is presented in this review. A possible evolutionary process from the ancient to the present-day genetic code is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi OHAMA
- Kochi University of Technology, Department of Environmental System Engineering, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-Cho, Kaimi-Shi, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji INAGAKI
- University of Tsukuba, Center for Computational Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka BESSHO
- Genomic Sciences Center, Yokohama Institute, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Syozo OSAWA
- 1003, 2-4-7, Ushita-Asahi, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima 732-0067, Japan
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Li Y, Zhang JH, Hu SP, Wang L, Xin JQ. [Reclassification of the four China isolated strains of the pathogen for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2007; 47:769-773. [PMID: 18062246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). The aims of this study were to identify 4 Chinese isolated strains employing molecular methods and to determine the appropriate subspecies classification of these strains. Three genome fragments (A, B and C) from each strain were amplified and then transformed into plasmids. The inserted fragments were sequenced and analyzed by comparison with six members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Cleavage of the PCR products of the 4 strains with PstI yielded three fragments 548, 420 and 128bp in length, just like strain F38. The other M. mycoides cluster members had only 2 fragments of 428 and 128bp. Homology analysis of fragment B indicated that the 4 strains exhibited 99.5% homology with Mccp reference strain F38, 98.9% with M. capricolum subsp. Capricolum (Mcc) strain California Kid, and only 95.4% with Mmc strain ZZ. In fragment C, the 4 strains had 67.4% - 67.6% homology with Mmc PG3, 95.1% -98.6% with Mcc strains 8601-50 and California Kid, 99.6% - 99.8% with Mccp strains 97097ET, Gabes and F38. The analysis revealed that 4 pathogeny strains, 87001, 87002, 367, 1653, isolated from China are more closely related to Mccp than to Mcc. Therefore the pathogeny of CCPP in China should be reclassified as Mccp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin 150001, China.
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Taira H, Matsushita Y, Kojima K, Hohsaka T. Development of amber suppressor tRNAs appropriate for incorporation of nonnatural amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007:233-4. [PMID: 17150903 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrl116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An amber suppression method has been used for incorporation of nonnatural amino acids into proteins. However, the incorporation efficiency of nonnatural amino acids through an amber codon has been low, which restricts the application of the proteins containing nonnatural amino acids. In this study, we screened a wide variety of amber suppressor tRNAs to discover tRNAs capable to incorporate nonnatural amino acids with high efficiency. To this purpose, synthetic amber suppressor tRNAs of E. coli and Mycoplasma capricolum were screened for the incorporation of a fluorescently labeled nonnatural amino acid in an E. coli cell-free translation system. tRNAs that showed high capability for the incorporation were then mutated not to be aminoacylated by any of endogenous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of E. coli and to enhance the incorporation capability. As a result of these investigations, we successfully obtained several amber suppressor tRNAs with high ability for the incorporation of nonnatural amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Taira
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Robino P, Alberti A, Chessa B, Pittau M, Profiti M, Rosati S. Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Surface Lipoprotein of Mycoplasma Capricolum as a Potential Antigen for Serological Diagnosis. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31 Suppl 1:257-60. [PMID: 17682889 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Robino
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
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Wise KS, Foecking MF, Röske K, Lee YJ, Lee YM, Madan A, Calcutt MJ. Distinctive repertoire of contingency genes conferring mutation- based phase variation and combinatorial expression of surface lipoproteins in Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum of the Mycoplasma mycoides phylogenetic cluster. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:4926-41. [PMID: 16788201 PMCID: PMC1483001 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00252-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of surface variation among many divergent species of Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) occurs through stochastic expression patterns of diverse lipoprotein genes. The size and wide distribution of such variable gene sets in minimal (approximately 0.6- to 1.4-Mb) mycoplasmal genomes suggest their key role in the adaptation and survival of these wall-less monoderms. Diversity through variable genes is less clearly established among phylogenetically similar mycoplasmas, such as the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster of ruminant pathogens, which vary widely in host range and pathobiology. Using (i) genome sequences from two members of this clade, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony biotype (SC), (ii) antibodies to specific peptide determinants of predicted M. capricolum subsp. capricolum gene products, and (iii) analysis of the membrane-associated proteome of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, a novel set of six genes (vmcA to vmcF) expressing distinct Vmc (variable M. capricolum subsp. capricolum) lipoproteins is demonstrated. These occur at two separate loci in the M. capricolum subsp. capricolum genome, which shares striking overall similarity and gene synteny with the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC genome. Collectively, Vmc expression is noncoordinate and combinatorial, subject to a single-unit insertion/deletion in a 5' flanking dinucleotide repeat that governs expression of each vmc gene. All vmc genes share modular regions affecting expression and membrane translocation. In contrast, vmcA to vmcD genes at one locus express surface proteins with highly structured size-variable repeating domains, whereas vmcE to vmcF genes express products with short repeats devoid of predicted structure. These genes confer a distinctive, dynamic surface architecture that may represent adaptive differences within this important group of pathogens as well as exploitable diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Wise
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, M616 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Bencina D, Bradbury JM, Stipkovits L, Varga Z, Razpet A, Bidovec A, Dovc P. Isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum-like strains from chickens. Vet Microbiol 2005; 112:23-31. [PMID: 16293373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Mycoplasma infect a wide range of hosts, but individual Mycoplasma species tend to exhibit a considerable degree of host specificity. We characterized Mycoplasma strain 700, isolated from a kidney of a layer hen in Spain and Mycoplasma strains ULB-A and ULB-B, isolated from the air sac and from the bile of stunted broiler chickens in Slovenia. The serologic examination showed that these three strains are antigenically unrelated to all of the recognized Mycoplasma species of avian origin, but closely related to the ruminant mycoplasma Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum (M. capricolum). The comparison of their 16S rRNA gene sequences with the sequence of M. capricolum (California kid) revealed 99.66% sequence identity for the strain 700 and 99.59% identity for strains ULB-A and ULB-B. Moreover, the predicted DnaK sequences of the M. capricolum-like strains, isolated from chickens, were identical to DnaK sequences of M. capricolum. Comparison of their dnaK gene sequences with M. capricolum showed 99.64% sequence identity for strain 700 and 99.27% identity for strains ULB-A and ULB-B. In the flock from which M. capricolum-like strains ULB-A and ULB-B were isolated, the majority of chickens (83% of the chickens examined) raised antibodies reacting with M. capricolum antigens. Notably, the infection of chickens with M. capricolum-like strains represents an unusual exception to the range of Mycoplasma species host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Bencina
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia.
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Janis C, Lartigue C, Frey J, Wróblewski H, Thiaucourt F, Blanchard A, Sirand-Pugnet P. Versatile use of oriC plasmids for functional genomics of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2888-93. [PMID: 15932982 PMCID: PMC1151838 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.6.2888-2893.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicative oriC plasmids were recently developed for several mollicutes, including three Mycoplasma species belonging to the mycoides cluster that are responsible for bovine and caprine diseases: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony type, and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. In this study, oriC plasmids were evaluated in M. capricolum subsp. capricolum as genetic tools for (i) expression of heterologous proteins and (ii) gene inactivation by homologous recombination. The reporter gene lacZ, encoding beta-galactosidase, and the gene encoding spiralin, an abundant surface lipoprotein of the related mollicute Spiroplasma citri, were successfully expressed. Functional Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase was detected in transformed Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum cells despite noticeable codon usage differences. The expression of spiralin in M. capricolum subsp. capricolum was assessed by colony and Western blotting. Accessibility of this protein at the cell surface and its partition into the Triton X-114 detergent phase suggest a correct maturation of the spiralin precursor. The expression of a heterologous lipoprotein in a mycoplasma raises potentially interesting applications, e.g., the use of these bacteria as live vaccines. Targeted inactivation of gene lppA encoding lipoprotein A was achieved in M. capricolum subsp. capricolum with plasmids harboring a replication origin derived from S. citri. Our results suggest that the selection of the infrequent events of homologous recombination could be enhanced by the use of oriC plasmids derived from related mollicute species. Mycoplasma gene inactivation opens the way to functional genomics in a group of bacteria for which a large wealth of genome data are already available and steadily growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Janis
- UMR Génomique Développement Pouvoir Pathogène, INRA, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Woubit S, Lorenzon S, Peyraud A, Manso-Silván L, Thiaucourt F. A specific PCR for the identification of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). Vet Microbiol 2004; 104:125-32. [PMID: 15530747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is a severe infectious disease of goats in Africa and the Middle East. It is caused by a fastidious mycoplasma, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, a member of the "M. mycoides cluster". Members of this cluster share genomic and antigenic features, which result in common biochemical and serological properties, complicating species identification. Two species of this cluster, M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony biotype, are very often isolated from clinical cases resembling contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Furthermore, in the laboratory, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae can be easily confused with the closely related capricolum subspecies. Considering these constraints and the scarcity of available methods for identification, a specific polymerase chain reaction was developed. A DNA fragment of 7109 bp containing genes coding for the arginine deiminase pathway (ADI) was chosen as target sequence for the selection of a specific primer pair. The full ADI operon from M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strain GL100 was sequenced. Polymorphism within this locus was analyzed by comparison with the sequence from the closely related IPX strain (M. capricolum subsp. capricolum). It varied from 0.6% to 3.5%. The highest divergence was found in a region coding for arcD. Therefore, this gene was chosen as target for the specific amplification of a 316 bp-long DNA fragment. The specificity of this PCR was validated on 14 M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strains and 27 heterologous strains belonging to the "M. mycoides cluster" and M. putrefaciens. This new PCR will be a valuable tool for the surveillance of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Woubit
- CIRAD EMVT Sante Animale, Animal Health Program, TA30/G Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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