1
|
Ahaduzzaman M, Reza MMB. Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1441. [PMID: 38613179 PMCID: PMC11015088 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coxiellosis is a neglected zoonosis for occupationally exposed people in many parts of the world. Sheep and goats are two important small ruminants that act as reservoirs for human contamination; however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the epidemiological aspects of coxiellosis in sheep and goats at regional and global levels. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available articles on seroprevalence of coxiellosis in sheep and goats and estimate the overall seroprevalence in different regions. METHODS A systematic search strategy was performed in five electronic repositories for articles published until December 2021. Relevant data were extracted from the selected articles based on the inclusion criteria. A random effect meta-analysis model was used to analyse the data. Results are presented as the prevalence of seropositivity as a percentage and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The global pooled seroprevalence of coxiellosis in sheep was 17.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.59%-19.17%). Overall, the regional level pooled prevalence estimates in sheep ranged from 15.04% (95% CI: 7.68%-22.40%) to 19.14% (95% CI: 15.51%-22.77%), depending on region. The global pooled seroprevalence of coxiellosis in goats was 22.60% (95% CI: 19.54%-25.66%). Overall, the regional level pooled prevalence estimates in goats ranged from 6.33% (95% CI: 2.96%-9.71%) to 55.13% (95% CI: 49.61%-60.65%), depending on the region. The prevalence estimates also varied significantly in both sheep and goats depending on age, sex, and rearing systems of the animals (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Seroprevalence of coxiellosis in both sheep and goats is considerable. Routine monitoring of the sheep and goat populations is needed to prevent spillover infection in other livestock and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahaduzzaman
- Department of Medicine & SurgeryChattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University (CVASU)ChattogramBangladesh
| | - Md Moktadir Billah Reza
- Department of Medicine & SurgeryChattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University (CVASU)ChattogramBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borhani R, Latifian M, Khalili M, Jajarmi M, Esmaeili S. Molecular investigation of Coxiella burnetii in aborted fetus of small ruminants in southeast Iran. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:919-924. [PMID: 38057691 PMCID: PMC10920599 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic animal, known as a main reservoir of Coxiella burnetii, is susceptible to the occurrence of coxiellosis, which can lead to abortions in domestic animals, causing significant economic damage and posing risks to human health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate C. burnetii as the causative agent of Q fever in abortion samples of small ruminants in southeastern Iran. This study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 in Zarand city, located in Kerman province (southeast Iran). In this study, 50 abomasum swab samples of aborted sheep and goat fetuses were collected and analyzed using molecular methods to identify C. burnetii. The results revealed that 26% (n: 13) of the collected abortion samples were infected with C. burnetii. Among the positive samples, two (50%) belonged to goat abortion samples while 11 (23.9%) belonged to sheep abortion samples. This study demonstrates that C. burnetii is one of the causes of abortion in small ruminants in southeastern Iran. It is recommended to pay more attention to C. burnetii in domestic animals due to its significant economic impact on livestock and its potential implication for human health in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Borhani
- Department of Pathobiology and Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Latifian
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Department of Pathobiology and Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology and Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saber Esmaeili
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clune T, Lockwood A, Hancock S, Thompson AN, Beetson S, Bruce M, Campbell AJ, Glanville E, Brookes D, Trengove C, O'Handley R, Jacobson C. Seropositivity to Coxiella burnetii in primiparous and multiparous ewes from southern Australia: A cross-sectional study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 80:101727. [PMID: 34875542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of infectious diseases including coxiellosis in causing poorer reproductive performance of primiparous ewes are not well studied. The aims of this study were to determine if natural exposure to Coxiella burnetii is widespread in breeding ewes and whether seropositivity is associated with poor reproductive performance of primiparous ewes. Seropositivity to Coxiella burnetii was 0.08% (CI95% 0.01, 0.36) in primiparous ewes and 0.36% (CI95% 0.07, 1.14) in mature ewes. Coxiella burnetii was not detected in aborted or stillborn lambs using qPCR. These findings suggest C. burnetii infection was unlikely to be an important contributor to abortion and perinatal mortalities observed for primiparous ewe flocks, and exposure to C. burnetii was not widespread in ewes on farms located over wide geographical region of southern Australia. Whilst ewes on these farms were not an important reservoir for C. burnetii, sporadic zoonotic transmission from sheep is reported and has public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Clune
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Amy Lockwood
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Serina Hancock
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Andrew N Thompson
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Sue Beetson
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Angus J Campbell
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Elsa Glanville
- Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Daniel Brookes
- Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Colin Trengove
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Adelaide University, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Ryan O'Handley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Adelaide University, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Caroline Jacobson
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Canevari JT, Firestone SM, Vincent G, Campbell A, Tan T, Muleme M, Cameron AWN, Stevenson MA. The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii shedding in dairy goats at the time of parturition in an endemically infected enterprise and associated milk yield losses. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:353. [PMID: 30453951 PMCID: PMC6245909 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This was a panel study of the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in does in an endemic dairy goat enterprise in Victoria, Australia. Our first objective was to determine the prevalence of does shedding C. burnetii at the time of parturition and to quantify the concentration of genome equivalents (GE) present in each C. burnetii positive sample. Our second objective was to determine the proportion of positive does that were persistent shedders. Our final objective was to quantify the association between C. burnetii qPCR status at the time of kidding and daily milk volumes produced during the subsequent lactation. Results Vaginal swabs (n= 490) were collected from does at the time of kidding and analysed using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Shedding of C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 12% to 18%) of the sampled does. Does were classified as qPCR-negative, qPCR-positive low and qPCR-positive high based on the estimated concentration of GE from the qPCR. Persistent shedding at relatively low concentrations was detected in 20% (95% CI: 10% to35%) of shedding does sampled again at their subsequent parturition. After controlling for possible confounders and adjusting for variation in daily milk yields at the individual doe level, daily milk yields for qPCR-positive high does were reduced by 17% (95% CI: 3% to 32%) compared to qPCR-negative does (p= 0.02). Conclusions Shedding concentrations of C. burnetii were highly skewed, with a relatively small group of does shedding relatively high quantities of C. burnetii. Further, high shedding does had reduced milk yields compared to qPCR-negative does. Early detection and culling of high shedding does would result in increased farm profitability and reduce the risk of Q fever transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José T Canevari
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido, INTA, Leales, Tucumán, 4113, Argentina.
| | - Simon M Firestone
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Gemma Vincent
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Ballerine Street, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Angus Campbell
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tabita Tan
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Muleme
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Mark A Stevenson
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira JMB, Rozental T, de Lemos ERS, Forneas D, Ortega-Mora LM, Porto WJN, da Fonseca Oliveira AA, Mota RA. Coxiella burnetii in dairy goats with a history of reproductive disorders in Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 183:19-22. [PMID: 29621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium, is the agent of Q fever/coxiellosis, a worldwide zoonosis. Dairy animals are the primary reservoirs of C. burnetii, and although the disease is usually asymptomatic or subclinical, abortion is a serious clinical outcome among small ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate C. burnetii seroprevalence and infection In a flock of dairy goats in Brazil. Serum samples from 312 goats collected from a dairy goat flock with a history of reproductive failure were tested by a commercial ELISA (LSIVet Ruminant Q Fever - Serum/Milk; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lissieu, France) for anti-C. burnetii IgG antibodies. Samples of cotyledons from 23 placentas were analyzed by nested PCR for the presence of the bacterial DNA. ELISA seroreactivity was found in 55.1% (172/312; 95% CI = 49.4%-60.7%) of the serum samples analyzed. C. burnetii DNA was detected in 8.7% (2/23) of the placental samples tested, where both animals were also seropositive. This study reports the first description of C. burnetii infection in an abortion outbreak in goats in Brazil. The results point out to the importance of including this disease in animal and public health surveillance programs as well as into the list of abortive diseases in goats in Brazil.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv J, Fernández de Marco MDM, Goharriz H, Phipps LP, McElhinney LM, Hernández-Triana LM, Wu S, Lin X, Fooks AR, Johnson N. Detection of tick-borne bacteria and babesia with zoonotic potential in Argas (Carios) vespertilionis (Latreille, 1802) ticks from British bats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1865. [PMID: 29382871 PMCID: PMC5789838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks host a wide range of zoonotic pathogens and are a significant source of diseases that affect humans and livestock. However, little is known about the pathogens associated with bat ticks. We have collected ectoparasites from bat carcasses over a seven year period. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were extracted from 296 ticks removed from bats and the species designation was confirmed in all ticks as Argas (Carios) vespertilionis. A subset of these samples (n = 120) were tested for the presence of zoonotic pathogens by molecular methods. Babesia species, Rickettsia spp., within the spotted fever group (SFG), and Ehrlichia spp. were detected in ticks removed from 26 bats submitted from 14 counties across England. The prevalence of Rickettsia spp. was found to be highest in Pipistrellus pipistrellus from southern England. This study suggests that the tick species that host B. venatorum may include the genus Argas in addition to the genus Ixodes. As A. vespertilionis has been reported to feed on humans, detection of B. venatorum and SFG Rickettsia spp. could present a risk of disease transmission in England. No evidence for the presence of flaviviruses or Issyk-Kul virus (nairovirus) was found in these tick samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Lv
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China.,Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | - Hooman Goharriz
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - L Paul Phipps
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Lorraine M McElhinney
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | | | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdel-Moein KA, Hamza DA. The burden of Coxiella burnetii among aborted dairy animals in Egypt and its public health implications. Acta Trop 2017; 166:92-95. [PMID: 27845064 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Q fever is a zoonotic disease of mounting public health implications. Dairy animals are major reservoir for such disease whereas abortion is the main clinical outcome. The current study was conducted to investigate the burden of C. burnetii abortions among dairy animals in Egypt to provide more knowledge for better control of such disease. For this purpose, placental cotyledons and vaginal discharges from 108 aborted dairy animals (27 sheep, 29 goats, 26 cattle, 26 buffaloes) were examined for the presence of C. burnetii by nested PCR. Serum samples from 58 human contacts were examined for the presence of C. burnetii IgG antibodies using ELISA. Out of the 108 examined animals only one goat yielded positive result in both placental tissue and vaginal discharges with an overall prevalence 0.9% while that among goats is 3.4%. Moreover, the seroprevalence of C. burnetii IgG antibodies among the examined individuals was 19% whereas the prevalence in farmers is significantly higher than that among veterinarians and veterinary assistants. In conclusion, C. burnetii may play a role in dairy goat abortions rather than other dairy animals in Egypt while its public health implications cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abiri Z, Khalili M, Rad M, Sharifi H. Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Aborted Fetuses of Cattle and Sheep Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Mashhad City, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep33170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
9
|
Hay J, Yeh KB, Dasgupta D, Shapieva Z, Omasheva G, Deryabin P, Nurmakhanov T, Ayazbayev T, Andryushchenko A, Zhunushov A, Hewson R, Farris CM, Richards AL. Biosurveillance in Central Asia: Successes and Challenges of Tick-Borne Disease Research in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Front Public Health 2016; 4:4. [PMID: 26870722 PMCID: PMC4740946 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central Asia is a vast geographic region that includes five former Soviet Union republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The region has a unique infectious disease burden, and a history that includes Silk Road trade routes and networks that were part of the anti-plague and biowarfare programs in the former Soviet Union. Post-Soviet Union biosurveillance research in this unique area of the world has met with several challenges, including lack of funding and resources to independently conduct hypothesis driven, peer-review quality research. Strides have been made, however, to increase scientific engagement and capability. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are examples of countries where biosurveillance research has been successfully conducted, particularly with respect to especially dangerous pathogens. In this review, we describe in detail the successes, challenges, and opportunities of conducting biosurveillance in Central Asia as exemplified by our recent research activities on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hay
- State University of New York , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | | | | | - Zhanna Shapieva
- Scientific Practical Center for Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Omasheva
- Scientific Practical Center for Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - Pavel Deryabin
- Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Nurmakhanov
- Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garcia-Ispierto I, Tutusaus J, López-Gatius F. Does Coxiella burnetii affect reproduction in cattle? A clinical update. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:529-535. [PMID: 24888579 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Q fever is a zoonosis produced by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that is widely distributed worldwide. Domestic ruminants are the most important source of C. burnetii for human infection. In sheep and goats, abortion is the main clinical consequence of infection, yet the symptoms described in cattle have so far been inconsistent. Q fever has been also scarcely reported in cattle, most likely because of its difficult diagnosis at the farm level and because of the many existing responsible C. burnetii strains. In this report, the effects of C. burnetii infection or Q fever disease on the reproductive behaviour of dairy cattle are reviewed, with special emphasis placed on the scarcity of data available and possible control actions discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Tutusaus
- Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schmoock G, Ehricht R, Sprague LD. DNA microarray-based detection of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:27. [PMID: 24886299 PMCID: PMC4025541 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An easy-to-handle microarray assay based on the cost-effective ArrayTube™ platform has been designed for the rapid and unequivocal identification of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever. The gene targets include the chromosomally coded markers icd, omp/com1, and IS1111 as well as the plasmid coded markers cbbE and cbhE. RESULTS A representative panel comprising 50 German C. burnetii isolates and 10 clinical samples was examined to validate the test. All tested isolates harboured plasmid QpH1 and were correctly identified, corresponding to 100% sensitivity. The assay's limit of detection was 100 genome equivalents (GE) for icd, omp/com1, cbbE and cbhE and 10 GE for IS1111. Assay specificity was 100% as determined by analysing a panel of 37 non-Coxiella strains. CONCLUSIONS The present array is a rational assembly of established and evaluated targets for the rapid and unequivocal detection of C. burnetii. This array could be applied to the screening of vaginal swabs from small ruminants; screening of environmental samples e.g. on farms or screening of human samples.
Collapse
|
12
|
Borel N, Frey CF, Gottstein B, Hilbe M, Pospischil A, Franzoso FD, Waldvogel A. Laboratory diagnosis of ruminant abortion in Europe. Vet J 2014; 200:218-29. [PMID: 24709519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abortion in ruminants is a major cause of economic loss worldwide, and the management and control of outbreaks is important in limiting their spread, and in preventing zoonotic infections. Given that rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is central to controlling abortion outbreaks, the submission of tissue samples to laboratories offering the most appropriate tests is essential. Direct antigen and/or DNA detection methods are the currently preferred methods of reaching an aetiological diagnosis, and ideally these results are confirmed by the demonstration of corresponding macroscopic and/or histopathological lesions in the fetus and/or the placenta. However, the costs of laboratory examinations may be considerable and, even under optimal conditions, the percentage of aetiological diagnoses reached can be relatively low. This review focuses on the most commonly occurring and important abortifacient pathogens of ruminant species in Europe highlighting their epizootic and zoonotic potential. The performance characteristics of the various diagnostic methods used, including their specific advantages and limitations, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline F Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pospischil
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca D Franzoso
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Waldvogel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pearson T, Hornstra HM, Hilsabeck R, Gates LT, Olivas SM, Birdsell DM, Hall CM, German S, Cook JM, Seymour ML, Priestley RA, Kondas AV, Clark Friedman CL, Price EP, Schupp JM, Liu CM, Price LB, Massung RF, Kersh GJ, Keim P. High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:41. [PMID: 24533573 PMCID: PMC3936997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever in humans and Coxiellosis in animals; symptoms range from general malaise to fever, pneumonia, endocarditis and death. Livestock are a significant source of human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in birth tissues, milk, urine and feces. Although prevalence of C. burnetii is high, few Q fever cases are reported in the U.S. and we have a limited understanding of their connectedness due to difficulties in genotyping. Here, we develop canonical SNP genotyping assays to evaluate spatial and temporal relationships among C. burnetii environmental samples and compare them across studies. Given the genotypic diversity of historical collections, we hypothesized that the current enzootic of Coxiellosis is caused by multiple circulating genotypes. We collected A) 23 milk samples from a single bovine herd, B) 134 commercial bovine and caprine milk samples from across the U.S., and C) 400 bovine and caprine samples from six milk processing plants over three years. Results We detected C. burnetii DNA in 96% of samples with no variance over time. We genotyped 88.5% of positive samples; bovine milk contained only a single genotype (ST20) and caprine milk was dominated by a second type (mostly ST8). Conclusions The high prevalence and lack of genotypic diversity is consistent with a model of rapid spread and persistence. The segregation of genotypes between host species is indicative of species-specific adaptations or dissemination barriers and may offer insights into the relative lack of human cases and characterizing genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talima Pearson
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-4073, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hazlett MJ, McDowall R, DeLay J, Stalker M, McEwen B, van Dreumel T, Spinato M, Binnington B, Slavic D, Carman S, Cai HY. A prospective study of sheep and goat abortion using real-time polymerase chain reaction and cut point estimation shows Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila abortus infection concurrently with other major pathogens. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:359-68. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713484729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2009 to 2011, 163 sheep and 96 goat abortion submissions were received at the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, for gross and histologic examination, as well as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Chlamydophila abortus and/or Coxiella burnetii. Additional testing included immunohistochemistry for Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila spp., routine bacterial culture and selective culture for Campylobacter spp., examination of modified acid-fast–stained placenta smears, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing for Chlamydophila spp., and virus isolation. The final diagnosis made for each case by individual pathologists, based on gross and histologic lesions, as well as ancillary testing, was used as a standard to determine the significance of C. abortus and C. burnetii infection. Coxiella burnetii was identified by real-time PCR in 113 of 163 (69.0%) and 72 of 96 (75%) sheep and goat abortion submissions, respectively, but was considered to be significant in causing abortion in only 11 of 113 (10%) sheep and 15 out of 72 (21%) goat submissions that tested positive. Chlamydophila abortus was identified by real-time PCR in 42 of 162 (26%) and 54 of 92 (59%) sheep and goat submissions, respectively, but was considered the cause of the abortion in 16 of 42 (38%) sheep and 34 of 54 (63%) goat submissions that tested positive. Optimal sensitivity and specificity cut points for the real-time PCR copy number for C. abortus and C. burnetii were determined using the final pathology diagnosis as the reference test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murray J. Hazlett
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Rebeccah McDowall
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Josepha DeLay
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Margaret Stalker
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Beverly McEwen
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Tony van Dreumel
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Maria Spinato
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Brian Binnington
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Susy Carman
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| | - Hugh Y. Cai
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (Hazlett, McDowall, DeLay, Stalker, McEwen, van Dreumel, Spinato, Slavic, Carman, Cai)
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, ON, Canada (Binnington)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reichel R, Mearns R, Brunton L, Jones R, Horigan M, Vipond R, Vincent G, Evans S. Description of a Coxiella burnetii abortion outbreak in a dairy goat herd, and associated serology, PCR and genotyping results. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Horigan MW, Bell MM, Pollard TR, Sayers AR, Pritchard GC. Q fever diagnosis in domestic ruminants: comparison between complement fixation and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 23:924-31. [PMID: 21908348 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711416971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by infection with the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories, including the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) in England and Wales, have traditionally relied on the complement fixation test (CFT) for serological diagnosis. However, Q fever has assumed greater significance in recent years following several large human outbreaks linked to exposure to infected ruminants and it is essential that more reliable tests are introduced to detect the presence of C. burnetii infection in animals. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the performance of 3 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of antibodies to C. burnetii and to compare the findings with the CFT using a sample panel of 548 sera from sheep, goats, and cattle, including animals of known disease status. The statistical analysis using TAGS (test accuracy in the absence of a gold standard) software and receiver operating characteristic techniques demonstrated that the 3 ELISAs all showed improved sensitivity over the CFT. The test based on ovine antigen demonstrated the best overall performance and therefore, the VLA has adopted this test for routine use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Horigan
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
E. Earing J, C. Durig A, L. Gellin G, M. Lawrence L, D. Flythe M. Bacterial Colonization of the Equine Gut; Comparison of Mare and Foal Pairs by PCR-DGGE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2012.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Muskens J, Wouda W, von Bannisseht-Wijsmuller T, van Maanen C. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections in aborted fetuses and stillborn calves. Vet Rec 2011; 170:260. [PMID: 22186379 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii infections are mostly subclinical in cattle, but can occasionally be associated with abortion. In the present study, 100 aborted fetuses or stillborn calves that were submitted for postmortem examination between September 2007 and March 2008 were examined for infection with C burnetii. Samples of both pooled fetal tissues and placental cotyledon were tested using a real-time PCR assay. In addition, the sections of placental cotyledon were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC of four placentas was positive. The PCR results of the IHC-positive placentas were high positive (HP); the PCR results of the organs of these four fetuses and calves varied from low positive (LP) to HP. The four IHC-positive fetuses had a gestation length of seven to nine months. All four placentas had histological signs of inflammation, but only one of four placentas had gross pathological signs of inflammation possibly due to a concomitant infection with Bacillus licheniformis. Five other IHC-negative placentas had (high) positive PCR results; the PCR results of the organs of these fetuses were LP or negative. The present study indicates that C burnetii infections are detected in a limited percentage of aborted fetuses and stillborn calves by IHC. To assess the importance of placentas with PCR-positive and IHC-negative test results, more research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Muskens
- Ruminant Health Department, Animal Health Service, PO BOX 9, Deventer 7400 AA, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leon A, Richard E, Fortier C, Laugier C, Fortier G, Pronost S. Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii and Neospora caninum in equine aborted foetuses and neonates. Prev Vet Med 2011; 104:179-83. [PMID: 22130310 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death are major causes of equine mortality and cause severe economic loss to the equine industry. The present study was based on a complete necropsy protocol associated with classical microbiological examinations and molecular biology on 407 cases of abortion, stillbirths and neonate death. Based on this retrospective survey, "less common" abortive infectious agents were characterised by molecular tools in nine independent cases of abortion or neonate mortality. Among others, Chlamydophila abortus (1 case), Coxiella burnetii (6 cases) and Neospora caninum (3 cases) were detected by real-time PCR; one of these samples being co-infected by N. caninum and C. burnetii. DNA detection of this latter bacterium is reported here for the first time in equine abortion samples. C. burnetii should, along with other common pathogens, probably be taken into account in equine abortion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albertine Leon
- Frank Duncombe Laboratory, IFR 146-ICORE, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, 14053 Caen cedex 4, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pritchard GC, Smith RP, Errington J, Hannon S, Jones RM, Mearns R. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in livestock abortion material using PCR. Vet Rec 2011; 169:391. [PMID: 21900261 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G C Pritchard
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) - Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|