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Luo T, Zheng Q, Yu J, Liang W, Sun Y, Quan G, Zhou F. Roles of nanoparticles in arsenic mobility and microbial community composition in arsenic-enriched soils. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:301-311. [PMID: 38135397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental effects of nano remediation engineering of arsenic (As) pollution need to be considered. In this study, the roles of Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the microbial mediated As mobilization from As contaminated soil were investigated. The addition of Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs restrained As(V) release, and stimulated As(III) release. As(V) concentration decreased by 94% and 93% after Fe2O3 addition, and decreased by 89% and 45% after TiO2 addition compared to the Biotic and Biotic+Acetate (amended with sodium acetate) controls, respectively. The maximum values of As(III) were 20.5 and 27.1 µg/L at 48 d after Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs addition, respectively, and were higher than that in Biotic+Acetate control (12.9 µg/L). The released As co-precipitated with Fe in soils in the presence of Fe2O3 NPs, but adsorbed on TiO2 NPs in the presence of TiO2 NPs. Moreover, the addition of NPs amended with sodium acetate as the electron donor clearly promoted As(V) reduction induced by microbes. The NPs addition changed the relative abundance of soil bacterial community, while Proteobacteria (42.8%-70.4%), Planctomycetes (2.6%-14.3%), and Firmicutes (3.5%-25.4%) were the dominant microorganisms in soils. Several potential As/Fe reducing bacteria were related to Pseudomonas, Geobacter, Desulfuromonas, and Thiobacillus. The addition of Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs induced to the decrease of arrA gene. The results indicated that the addition of NPs had a negative impact on soil microbial population in a long term. The findings offer a relatively comprehensive assessment of Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs effects on As mobilization and soil bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Pollution Control, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Qining Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Pollution Control, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weihao Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Pollution Control, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Pollution Control, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Guixiang Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Pollution Control, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Pollution Control, Yancheng 224051, China
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Ping Q, Zhang Z, Dai X, Li Y. Novel CaO 2 beads used in the anaerobic fermentation of iron-rich sludge for simultaneous short-chain fatty acids and phosphorus recovery under ambient conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124553. [PMID: 33359566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel composite CaO2 bead was prepared to improve total short-chain fatty acids (TSCFAs) production and phosphorus (P) recovery from iron-rich waste activated sludge (WAS) during ambient anaerobic fermentation. Results showed that CaO2 mass percentage of 5% and CaCl2:nylon66 = 1:1 (mass ratio) were the optimal prescription for the preparation of CaO2 beads with porous structure, loose morphology, and sustained-release of CaO2. The highest TSCFAs production (356 mg/g VSS) was observed and about 9% of P in sludge could be recovered on beads. The decrease of Fe-phosphate and Fe-oxides in the sludge were due to different mechanisms. Microbial community analyses showed that CaO2 beads effectively enriched dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) and promoted iron-reduction related genes. After fermentation, the P-rich beads are easy to separate from sludge for further P recovery, and the supernatant carrying abundant acetate and Fe2+ can be returned to the wastewater treatment line to improve nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Deng Y, Zheng T, Wang Y, Liu L, Jiang H, Ma T. Effect of microbially mediated iron mineral transformation on temporal variation of arsenic in the Pleistocene aquifers of the central Yangtze River basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1247-1258. [PMID: 29734603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Significant seasonal variation of groundwater arsenic (As) concentrations in shallow aquifers of the Jianghan Plain, central Yangtze River Basin has been reported recently, but the underlying mechanisms remain not well understood. To elaborate biogeochemical processes responsible for the observed As concentration variation, 42-day incubation experiments were done using sediment samples collected respectively from the depth of 26, 36 and 60m of the As-affected aquifer which were labeled respectively as JH26, JH36, JH60. Where JH denotes Jianghan Plain, and the number indicates the depth of the sediment sample. The results indicated that As could be mobilized from the sediments of 26m and 36m depth under the stimulation of exogenous organic carbon, with the maximum As release amount of 1.60 and 1.03mgkg-1, respectively, while the sediments at 60m depth did not show As mobilization. The microbially mediated reductive dissolution of amorphous iron oxides and reduction of As(V) to As(III) could account for the observed As mobilization. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the variation of microbial community correlated with the released As concentration (R=0.7, P<0.05) and the iron-reducing bacteria, including Pseudomonas, Clostridium and Geobacter, were the main drivers for the As mobilization from the sediments at 26m and 36m depth. The increase of arsC gene abundance (up to 1.4×105 copies g-1) during As release suggested that As reduction was mediated by the resistant reduction mechanism. By contrast, in the 60m sediments where the Fe and As release was absent, the iron-reducing bacteria accounted for a very minor proportion and sulfate-reducing bacteria were predominant in the microbial community. In addition, after 30days of incubation, the released As in the 26m sediments was immobilized via co-precipitation with or adsorption onto the Fe-sulfide mineral newly-formed by the bacterial sulfate reduction. These results are consistent with the results of our previous field monitoring, indicating that the bacterial sulfate reduction could lead to the temporal decrease in groundwater As concentrations. This study provides insights into the mechanism for As mobilization and seasonal As concentration variation in the Pleistocene aquifers from alluvial plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Deng
- Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tianliang Zheng
- Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lun Liu
- Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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Jia R, Yang D, Xu D, Gu T. Electron transfer mediators accelerated the microbiologically influence corrosion against carbon steel by nitrate reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Xiong L, Jian H, Xiao X. Deep-Sea Bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 Has Two Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductases in Distinct Subcellular Locations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01262-17. [PMID: 28687647 PMCID: PMC5583501 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01262-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) acts as a substantial sink for dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in deep waters and is therefore considered a potential electron acceptor supporting abyssal ecosystems. Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 was isolated from west Pacific deep-sea sediments, and two functional DMSO respiratory subsystems are essential for maximum growth of WP3 under in situ conditions (4°C/20 MPa). However, the relationship between these two subsystems and the electron transport pathway underlying DMSO reduction by WP3 remain unknown. In this study, both DMSO reductases (type I and type VI) in WP3 were found to be functionally independent despite their close evolutionary relationship. Moreover, immunogold labeling of DMSO reductase subunits revealed that the type I DMSO reductase was localized on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, whereas the type VI DMSO reductase was located within the periplasmic space. CymA, a cytoplasmic membrane-bound tetraheme c-type cytochrome, served as a preferential electron transport protein for the type I and type VI DMSO reductases, in which type VI accepted electrons from CymA in a DmsE- and DmsF-independent manner. Based on these results, we proposed a core electron transport model of DMSO reduction in the deep-sea bacterium S. piezotolerans WP3. These results collectively suggest that the possession of two sets of DMSO reductases with distinct subcellular localizations may be an adaptive strategy for WP3 to achieve maximum DMSO utilization in deep-sea environments.IMPORTANCE As the dominant methylated sulfur compound in deep oceanic water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been suggested to play an important role in the marine biogeochemical cycle of the volatile anti-greenhouse gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Two sets of DMSO respiratory systems in the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 have previously been identified to mediate DMSO reduction under in situ conditions (4°C/20 MPa). Here, we report that the two DMSO reductases (type I and type VI) in WP3 have distinct subcellular localizations, in which type I DMSO reductase is localized to the exterior surface of the outer membrane and type VI DMSO reductase resides in the periplasmic space. A core electron transport model of DMSO reduction in WP3 was constructed based on genetic and physiological data. These results will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of anaerobic respiratory systems in benthic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahua Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Complementary Microorganisms in Highly Corrosive Biofilms from an Offshore Oil Production Facility. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2545-2554. [PMID: 26896143 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03842-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Offshore oil production facilities are frequently victims of internal piping corrosion, potentially leading to human and environmental risks and significant economic losses. Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is believed to be an important factor in this major problem for the petroleum industry. However, knowledge of the microbial communities and metabolic processes leading to corrosion is still limited. Therefore, the microbial communities from three anaerobic biofilms recovered from the inside of a steel pipe exhibiting high corrosion rates, iron oxide deposits, and substantial amounts of sulfur, which are characteristic of MIC, were analyzed in detail. Bacterial and archaeal community structures were investigated by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, multigenic (16S rRNA and functional genes) high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and quantitative PCR analysis. The microbial community analysis indicated that bacteria, particularly Desulfovibrio species, dominated the biofilm microbial communities. However, other bacteria, such as Pelobacter, Pseudomonas, and Geotoga, as well as various methanogenic archaea, previously detected in oil facilities were also detected. The microbial taxa and functional genes identified suggested that the biofilm communities harbored the potential for a number of different but complementary metabolic processes and that MIC in oil facilities likely involves a range of microbial metabolisms such as sulfate, iron, and elemental sulfur reduction. Furthermore, extreme corrosion leading to leakage and exposure of the biofilms to the external environment modify the microbial community structure by promoting the growth of aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading organisms.
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Jin X, Wang F, Gu C, Yang X, Kengara FO, Bian Y, Song Y, Jiang X. The interactive biotic and abiotic processes of DDT transformation under dissimilatory iron-reducing conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:18-24. [PMID: 26025430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to elucidate the biotic and abiotic processes under dissimilatory iron reducing conditions involved in reductive dechlorination and iron reduction. DDT transformation was investigated in cultures of Shewanella putrefaciens 200 with/without α-FeOOH. A modified first-order kinetics model was developed and described DDT transformation well. Both the α-FeOOH reduction rate and the dechlorination rate of DDT were positively correlated to the biomass. Addition of α-FeOOH enhanced reductive dechlorination of DDT by favoring the cell survival and generating Fe(II) which was absorbed on the surface of bacteria and iron oxide. 92% of the absorbed Fe(II) was Na-acetate (1M) extractable. However, α-FeOOH also played a negative role of competing for electrons as reflected by the dechlorination rate of DDT was inhibited when increasing the α-FeOOH from 1 g L(-1) to 5 g L(-1). DDT was measured to be toxic to S. putrefaciens 200. The metabolites DDD, DDE and DDMU were recalcitrant to S. putrefaciens 200. The results suggested that iron oxide was not the key factor to promote the dissipation of DDX (DDT and the metabolites), whereas the one-electron reduction potential (E1) of certain organochlorines is the main factor and that the E1 higher than the threshold of the reductive driving forces of DIRB probably ensures the occur of reductive dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | | | - Yongrong Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Zhang P, Xu D, Li Y, Yang K, Gu T. Electron mediators accelerate the microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel by the Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 101:14-21. [PMID: 25023048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), iron oxidation happens outside sessile cells while the utilization of the electrons released by the oxidation process for sulfate reduction occurs in the SRB cytoplasm. Thus, cross-cell wall electron transfer is needed. It can only be achieved by electrogenic biofilms. This work hypothesized that the electron transfer is a bottleneck in MIC by SRB. To prove this, MIC tests were carried out using 304 stainless steel coupons covered with the Desulfovibrio vulgaris (ATCC 7757) biofilm in the ATCC 1249 medium. It was found that both riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), two common electron mediators that enhance electron transfer, accelerated pitting corrosion and weight loss on the coupons when 10ppm (w/w) of either of them was added to the culture medium in 7-day anaerobic lab tests. This finding has important implications in MIC forensics and biofilm synergy in MIC that causes billions of dollars of damages to the US industry each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Dake Xu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yingchao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States.
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Gorby YA, Lovley DR. Electron Transport in the Dissimilatory Iron Reducer, GS-15. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 57:867-70. [PMID: 16348451 PMCID: PMC182808 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.3.867-870.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms for electron transport to Fe(III) were investigated in GS-15, a novel anaerobic microorganism which can obtain energy for growth by coupling the complete oxidation of organic acids or aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). The results indicate that Fe(III) reduction proceeds through a type b cytochrome and a membrane-bound Fe(III) reductase which is distinct from the nitrate reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Gorby
- Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, 430 National Center, Reston, Virginia 22092
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Roden EE, Lovley DR. Dissimilatory Fe(III) Reduction by the Marine Microorganism Desulfuromonas acetoxidans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:734-42. [PMID: 16348888 PMCID: PMC202183 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.3.734-742.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the marine microorganism Desulfuromonas acetoxidans to reduce Fe(III) was investigated because of its close phylogenetic relationship with the freshwater dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer Geobacter metallireducens. Washed cell suspensions of the type strain of D. acetoxidans reduced soluble Fe(III)-citrate and Fe(III) complexed with nitriloacetic acid. The c-type cytochrome(s) of D. acetoxidans was oxidized by Fe(III)-citrate and Mn(IV)-oxalate, as well as by two electron acceptors known to support growth, colloidal sulfur and malate. D. acetoxidans grew in defined anoxic, bicarbonate-buffered medium with acetate as the sole electron donor and poorly crystalline Fe(III) or Mn(IV) as the sole electron acceptor. Magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and siderite (FeCO(3)) were the major end products of Fe(III) reduction, whereas rhodochrosite (MnCO(3)) was the end product of Mn(IV) reduction. Ethanol, propanol, pyruvate, and butanol also served as electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. In contrast to D. acetoxidans, G. metallireducens could only grow in freshwater medium and it did not conserve energy to support growth from colloidal S reduction. D. acetoxidans is the first marine microorganism shown to conserve energy to support growth by coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). Thus, D. acetoxidans provides a model enzymatic mechanism for Fe(III) or Mn(IV) oxidation of organic compounds in marine and estuarine sediments. These findings demonstrate that 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses can suggest previously unrecognized metabolic capabilities of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Roden
- Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 430 National Center, Reston, Virginia 22092
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Fredrickson JK, Romine MF, Beliaev AS, Auchtung JM, Driscoll ME, Gardner TS, Nealson KH, Osterman AL, Pinchuk G, Reed JL, Rodionov DA, Rodrigues JLM, Saffarini DA, Serres MH, Spormann AM, Zhulin IB, Tiedje JM. Towards environmental systems biology of Shewanella. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008; 6:592-603. [PMID: 18604222 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Shewanella are known for their versatile electron-accepting capacities, which allow them to couple the decomposition of organic matter to the reduction of the various terminal electron acceptors that they encounter in their stratified environments. Owing to their diverse metabolic capabilities, shewanellae are important for carbon cycling and have considerable potential for the remediation of contaminated environments and use in microbial fuel cells. Systems-level analysis of the model species Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and other members of this genus has provided new insights into the signal-transduction proteins, regulators, and metabolic and respiratory subsystems that govern the remarkable versatility of the shewanellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Fredrickson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA. ;
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Abstract
The dramatic decrease in solubility accompanying the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), producing the insoluble mineral uraninite, has been viewed as a potential mechanism for sequestration of environmental uranium contamination. In the past 15 years, it has been firmly established that a variety of bacteria exhibit this reductive capacity. To obtain an understanding of the microbial metal metabolism, to develop a practical approach for the acceleration of in situ bioreduction, and to predict the long-term fate of environmental uranium, several aspects of the microbial process have been experimentally explored. This review briefly addresses the research to identify specific uranium reductases and their cellular location, competition between uranium and other electron acceptors, attempts to stimulate in situ reduction, and mechanisms of reoxidation of reduced uranium minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy D Wall
- Biochemistry and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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Saffarini DA, Schultz R, Beliaev A. Involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein in anaerobic respiration of Shewanella oneidensis. J Bacteriol 2003; 185:3668-71. [PMID: 12775705 PMCID: PMC156221 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.12.3668-3671.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis is a metal reducer that can use several terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration, including fumarate, nitrate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), nitrite, and insoluble iron and manganese oxides. Two S. oneidensis mutants, SR-558 and SR-559, with Tn5 insertions in crp, were isolated and analyzed. Both mutants were deficient in Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. They were also deficient in anaerobic growth with, and reduction of, nitrate, fumarate, and DMSO. Although nitrite reductase activity was not affected by the crp mutation, the mutants failed to grow with nitrite as a terminal electron acceptor. This growth deficiency may be due to the observed loss of cytochromes c in the mutants. In contrast, TMAO reduction and growth were not affected by loss of cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP). Fumarate and Fe(III) reductase activities were induced in rich medium by the addition of cAMP to aerobically growing wild-type S. oneidensis. These results indicate that CRP and cAMP play a role in the regulation of anaerobic respiration, in addition to their known roles in catabolite repression and carbon source utilization in other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daad A Saffarini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA.
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Turick CE, Caccavo F, Tisa LS. Electron transfer from Shewanella algae BrY to hydrous ferric oxide is mediated by cell-associated melanin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 220:99-104. [PMID: 12644234 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae BrY uses insoluble mineral oxides as terminal electron acceptors, but the mechanism of electron transfer from cell surface to mineral surface is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that cell-associated melanin produced by S. algae BrY serves as an electron conduit for bacterial-mineral reduction. Results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cell surface hydrophobicity assays indicated that extracellular melanin was associated with the cell surface. With H(2) as electron donor, washed cell suspensions of melanin-coated S. algae BrY reduced hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) 10 times faster than cells without melanin. The addition of melanin (20 microg ml(-1)) to these melanin-free cells increased their HFO reduction rate two-fold. These results suggest that cell-associated melanin acts as an electron conduit for iron mineral reduction by S. algae BrY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Turick
- Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-2617, USA.
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Beliaev AS, Thompson DK, Khare T, Lim H, Brandt CC, Li G, Murray AE, Heidelberg JF, Giometti CS, Yates J, Nealson KH, Tiedje JM, Zhoui J. Gene and protein expression profiles of Shewanella oneidensis during anaerobic growth with different electron acceptors. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2002; 6:39-60. [PMID: 11881834 DOI: 10.1089/15362310252780834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mRNA and protein expression profiles of Shewanella oneidenesis MR-1 during switch from aerobic to fumarate-, Fe(III)-, or nitrate-reducing conditions were examined using DNA microarrays and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). In response to changes in growth conditions, 121 of the 691 arrayed genes displayed at least a two-fold difference in transcript abundance as determined by microarray analysis. Genes involved in aerobic respiration encoding cytochrome c and d oxidases and TCA cycle enzymes were repressed under anaerobic conditions. Genes induced during anaerobic respiration included those involved in cofactor biosynthesis and assembly (moaACE, ccmHF, nosD, cysG), substrate transport (cysUP, cysTWA, dcuB), and anaerobic energy metabolism (dmsAB, psrC, pshA, hyaABC, hydA). Transcription of genes encoding a periplasmic nitrate reductase (napBHGA), cytochrome c552, and prismane was elevated 8- to 56-fold in response to the presence of nitrate, while cymA, ifcA, and frdA were specifically induced three- to eightfold under fumarate-reducing conditions. The mRNA levels for two oxidoreductase-like genes of unknown function and several cell envelope genes involved in multidrug resistance increased two- to fivefold specifically under Fe(III)-reducing conditions. Analysis of protein expression profiles under aerobic and anaerobic conditions revealed 14 protein spots that showed significant differences in abundance on 2-D gels. Protein identification by mass spectrometry indicated that the expression of prismane, dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase, and alcaligin siderophore biosynthesis protein correlated with the microarray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Beliaev
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831-6038, USA
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Turick CE, Tisa LS, Caccavo F. Melanin production and use as a soluble electron shuttle for Fe(III) oxide reduction and as a terminal electron acceptor by Shewanella algae BrY. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:2436-44. [PMID: 11976119 PMCID: PMC127558 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.5.2436-2444.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) utilize numerous compounds as terminal electron acceptors, including insoluble iron oxides. The mechanism(s) of insoluble-mineral reduction by DMRB is not well understood. Here we report that extracellular melanin is produced by Shewanella algae BrY. The extracted melanin served as the sole terminal electron acceptor. Upon reduction the reduced, soluble melanin reduced insoluble hydrous ferric oxide in the absence of bacteria, thus demonstrating that melanin produced by S. algae BrY is a soluble Fe(III)-reducing compound. In the presence of bacteria, melanin acted as an electron conduit to Fe(III) minerals and increased Fe(III) mineral reduction rates. Growth of S. algae BrY occurred in anaerobic minimal medium supplemented with melanin extracted from previously grown aerobic cultures of S. algae BrY. Melanin produced by S. algae BrY imparts increased versatility to this organism as a soluble Fe(III) reductant, an electron conduit for iron mineral reduction, and a sole terminal electron acceptor that supports growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Turick
- Department of Microbiology University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-2617, USA.
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Haas JR, DiChristina TJ. Effects of Fe(III) chemical speciation on dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:373-380. [PMID: 11871551 DOI: 10.1021/es0109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens, a heterotrophic member of the gamma-proteobacteria is capable of respiring anaerobically on Fe(III) as the sole terminal electron acceptor (TEA). Recent genetic and biochemical studies have indicated that anaerobic Fe(III) respiration by S. putrefaciens requires outer-membrane targeted secretion of respiration-linked Fe(III) reductases. Thus, the availability of Fe(III) to S. putrefaciens may be governed by equilibrium chemical speciation both in the solution phase and at the bacterial cell-aqueous or cell-mineral interface. In the present study, effects of Fe(III) speciation on rates of bacterial Fe(III) reduction have been systematically examined by cultivating S. putrefaciens anaerobically on a suite of Fe(III)-organic complexes as the sole TEA. The suite of Fe(III)-organic complexes spans the range of stability constants normally encountered in natural water systems and includes Fe(III) complexed to citrate, 5-sulfosalicylate, NTA, salicylate, tiron, and EDTA. Rates of bacterial Fe(III) reduction in the presence of dissolved chelating agents correlate with the thermodynamic stability constants of the Fe(III)-organic complexes, implying that chemical speciation governs Fe(III) bioavailability. Equilibrium Fe(III) sorption experiments measured the reversible coordination of Fe(III) with S. putrefaciens as a function of cell/Fe(III) concentration, time, and activity of competing chelating agents. Results show that S. putrefaciens readily sorbs dissolved Fe(III) but that adsorption is restricted by the presence of strong Fe(III)-chelating agents. Our results indicate that dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by S. putrefaciens is controlled by equilibrium competition for Fe(III) between dissolved organic ligands and strongly sorbing functional groups on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson R Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo 49008, USA.
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Beliaev AS, Saffarini DA. Shewanella putrefaciens mtrB encodes an outer membrane protein required for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:6292-7. [PMID: 9829939 PMCID: PMC107715 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.23.6292-6297.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/1998] [Accepted: 09/30/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and manganese oxides or oxyhydroxides are abundant transition metals, and in aquatic environments they serve as terminal electron acceptors for a large number of bacterial species. The molecular mechanisms of anaerobic metal reduction, however, are not understood. Shewanella putrefaciens is a facultative anaerobe that uses Fe(III) and Mn(IV) as terminal electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. Transposon mutagenesis was used to generate mutants of S. putrefaciens, and one such mutant, SR-21, was analyzed in detail. Growth and enzyme assays indicated that the mutation in SR-21 resulted in loss of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction but did not affect its ability to reduce other electron acceptors used by the wild type. This deficiency was due to Tn5 inactivation of an open reading frame (ORF) designated mtrB. mtrB encodes a protein of 679 amino acids and contains a signal sequence characteristic of secreted proteins. Analysis of membrane fractions of the mutant, SR-21, and wild-type cells indicated that MtrB is located on the outer membrane of S. putrefaciens. A 5.2-kb DNA fragment that contains mtrB was isolated and completely sequenced. A second ORF, designated mtrA, was found directly upstream of mtrB. The two ORFs appear to be arranged in an operon. mtrA encodes a putative 10-heme c-type cytochrome of 333 amino acids. The N-terminal sequence of MtrA contains a potential signal sequence for secretion across the cell membrane. The amino acid sequence of MtrA exhibited 34% identity to NrfB from Escherichia coli, which is involved in formate-dependent nitrite reduction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genes encoding proteins involved in metal reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Beliaev
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Tsapin AI, Nealson KH, Meyers T, Cusanovich MA, Van Beuumen J, Crosby LD, Feinberg BA, Zhang C. Purification and properties of a low-redox-potential tetraheme cytochrome c3 from Shewanella putrefaciens. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:6386-8. [PMID: 8892848 PMCID: PMC178519 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.21.6386-6388.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium in the gamma group of the proteobacteria, capable of utilizing a wide variety of anaerobic electron acceptors. An examination of its cytochrome content revealed the presence of a tetraheme, low-redox-potential (E'o = -233 mV), cytochrome c-type cytochrome with a molecular mass of 12,120 Da and a pI of 5.8. The electron spin resonance data indicate a bis-histidine coordination of heme groups. Reduction of ferric citrate was accompanied by oxidation of the cytochrome. The biochemical properties suggested that this protein was in the cytochrome c3 group, which is supported by N-terminal sequence data up to the first heme binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Tsapin
- Center for Great Lakes Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
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The influence of chelating agents upon the dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) byShewanella putrefaciens. Part 2. Oxo-and hydroxo-bridged polynuclear Fe(III) complexes. Biometals 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00817930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lovley DR, Phillips EJ, Lonergan DJ, Widman PK. Fe(III) and S0 reduction by Pelobacter carbinolicus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:2132-8. [PMID: 7793935 PMCID: PMC167486 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.6.2132-2138.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close phylogenetic relationship between Pelobacter species and members of the genera Desulfuromonas and Geobacter, and yet there has been a perplexing lack of physiological similarities. Pelobacter species have been considered to have a fermentative metabolism. In contrast, Desulfuromonas and Geobacter species have a respiratory metabolism with Fe(III) serving as the common terminal electron acceptor in all species. However, the ability of Pelobacter species to reduce Fe(III) had not been previously evaluated. When a culture of Pelobacter carbinolicus that had grown by fermentation of 2,3-butanediol was inoculated into the same medium supplemented with Fe(III), the Fe(III) was reduced. There was less accumulation of ethanol and more production of acetate in the presence of Fe(III). P. carbinolicus grew with ethanol as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Ethanol was metabolized to acetate. Growth was also possible on Fe(III) with the oxidation of propanol to propionate or butanol to butyrate if acetate was provided as a carbon source. P. carbinolicus appears capable of conserving energy to support growth from Fe(III) respiration as it also grew with H2 or formate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Once adapted to Fe(III) reduction, P. carbinolicus could also grow on ethanol or H2 with S0 as the electron acceptor. P. carbinolicus did not contain detectable concentrations of the c-type cytochromes that previous studies have suggested are involved in electron transport to Fe(III) in other organisms that conserve energy to support growth from Fe(III) reduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Picardal F, Arnold RG, Huey BB. Effects of electron donor and acceptor conditions on reductive dehalogenation of tetrachloromethane by Shewanella putrefaciens 200. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:8-12. [PMID: 7887629 PMCID: PMC167256 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.1.8-12.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens 200 is a nonfermentative bacterium that is capable of dehalogenating tetrachloromethane to chloroform and other, unidentified products under anaerobic conditions. Since S. putrefaciens 200 can respire anaerobically by using a variety of terminal electron acceptors, including NO3-, NO2-, and Fe(III), it provides a unique opportunity to study the competitive effects of different electron acceptors on dehalogenation in a single organism. The results of batch studies showed that dehalogenation of CT by S. putrefaciens 200 was inhibited by O2, 10 mM NO3-, and 3 mM NO2-, but not by 15 mM Fe(III), 15 mM fumarate, or 15 mM trimethylamine oxide. Using measured O2, Fe(III), NO2-, and NO3- reduction rates, we developed a speculative model of electron transport to explain inhibition patterns on the basis of (i) the kinetics of electron transfer at branch points in the electron transport chain, and (ii) possible direct inhibition by nitrogen oxides. In additional experiments in which we used 20 mM lactate, 20 mM glucose, 20 mM glycerol, 20 mM pyruvate, or 20 mM formate as the electron donor, dehalogenation rates were independent of the electron donor used. The results of other experiments suggested that sufficient quantities of endogenous substrates were present to support transformation of tetrachloromethane even in the absence of an exogenous electron donor. Our results should be significant for evaluating (i) the bioremediation potential at sites contaminated with both halogenated organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, and (ii) the bioremediation potential of iron-reducing bacteria at contaminated locations containing significant amounts of iron-bearing minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Picardal
- Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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Saffarini D, DiChristina T, Bermudes D, Nealson K. Anaerobic respiration ofShewanella putrefaciensrequires both chromosomal and plasmid-borne genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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DiChristina TJ, DeLong EF. Isolation of anaerobic respiratory mutants of Shewannella putrefaciens and genetic analysis of mutants deficient in anaerobic growth on Fe3+. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:1468-74. [PMID: 8113188 PMCID: PMC205214 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.5.1468-1474.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A genetic approach was used to study (dissimilatory) ferric iron (Fe3+) reduction in Shewanella putrefaciens 200. Chemical mutagenesis procedures and two rapid plate assays were developed to facilitate the screening of Fe3+ reduction-deficient mutants. Sixty-two putative Fe3+ reduction-deficient mutants were identified, and each was subsequently tested for its ability to grow anaerobically on various compounds as sole terminal electron acceptors, including Fe3+, nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), manganese oxide (Mn4+), sulfite (SO3(2-)), thiosulfate (S2O3(2-)), trimethylamine N-oxide, and fumarate. A broad spectrum of mutants deficient in anaerobic growth on one or more electron acceptors was identified. Nine of the 62 mutants (designated Fer mutants) were deficient only in anaerobic growth on Fe3+ and retained the ability to grow on all other electron acceptors. These results suggest that S. putrefaciens expresses at least one terminal Fe3+ reductase that is distinct from other terminal reductases coupled to anaerobic growth. The nine Fer mutants were conjugally mated with an S. putrefaciens genomic library harbored in Escherichia coli S17-1. Complemented S. putrefaciens transconjugants were identified by the acquired ability to grow anaerobically on Fe3+ as the sole terminal electron acceptor. All recombinant cosmids that conferred the Fer+ phenotype appeared to carry a common internal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J DiChristina
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts 02543
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Picardal FW, Arnold RG, Couch H, Little AM, Smith ME. Involvement of cytochromes in the anaerobic biotransformation of tetrachloromethane by Shewanella putrefaciens 200. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:3763-70. [PMID: 8285682 PMCID: PMC182529 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.11.3763-3770.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens 200 is an obligate respiratory bacterium that can utilize a variety of terminal electron acceptors, e.g., NO3-, NO2-, Fe(III), and trimethylamine N-oxide, in the absence of O2. The bacterium catalyzed the reductive transformation of tetrachloromethane (CT) under anaerobic conditions. The only identified product was trichloromethane (CF), but CF production was not stoichiometric. No dichloromethane, chloromethane, or methane was produced. A chloride mass balance indicated that fully dechlorinated products were not formed. Studies with [14C]CT suggested that a portion of the transformed CT reacted with biomass to form unidentified soluble and insoluble products. Intermediate production of a trichloromethyl radical can explain observed product distribution without significant CO2 formation. Evidence suggests that respiratory c-type cytochromes are responsible for the dehalogenation ability of S. putrefaciens 200. Previous growth under microaerobic conditions ([O2], < 2.5 microM) results in (i) a 2.6-fold increase in specific heme c content and (ii) a 2.3-fold increase in specific rates of anaerobic CT transformation. Manipulation of heme content by growth on iron-free medium or medium amended with delta-aminolevulinic acid showed that CT transformation rates increase with increases in specific heme c content. Transformation of CT is inhibited by CO. Dehalogenation studies with periplasmic, cytoplasmic, and membrane fractions indicated that only periplasmic and membrane fractions possessed dehalogenation ability. Cytochromes c were the predominant cytochromes present. Membranes were also found to contain smaller amounts of cytochrome b. Observed CT transformation patterns are consistent with a cometabolic description involving fortuitous CT reduction by reduced c-type cytochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Picardal
- Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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28
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Myers CR, Myers JM. Ferric reductase is associated with the membranes of anaerobically grown Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Lovley DR, Phillips EJ, Caccavo F. Acetate oxidation by dissimilatory Fe(III) reducers. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:3205-8. [PMID: 1444439 PMCID: PMC183076 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.9.3205-3208.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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30
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DiChristina TJ. Effects of nitrate and nitrite on dissimilatory iron reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens 200. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:1891-6. [PMID: 1548235 PMCID: PMC205793 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.6.1891-1896.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) on dissimilatory iron (FE3+) reduction were examined in a series of electron acceptor competition experiments using Shewanella putrefaciens 200 as a model iron-reducing microorganism. S. putrefaciens 200 was found to express low-rate nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and ferrireductase activity after growth under highly aerobic conditions and greatly elevated rates of each reductase activity after growth under microaerobic conditions. The effects of NO3- and NO2- on the Fe3+ reduction activity of both aerobically and microaerobically grown cells appeared to follow a consistent pattern; in the presence of Fe3+ and either NO3- or NO2-, dissimilatory Fe3+ and nitrogen oxide reduction occurred simultaneously. Nitrogen oxide reduction was not affected by the presence of Fe3+, suggesting that S. putrefaciens 200 expressed a set of at least three physiologically distinct terminal reductases that served as electron donors to NO3-, NO2-, and Fe3+. However, Fe3+ reduction was partially inhibited by the presence of either NO3- or NO2-. An in situ ferrozine assay was used to distinguish the biological and chemical components of the observed inhibitory effects. Rate data indicated that neither NO3- nor NO2- acted as a chemical oxidant of bacterially produced Fe2+. In addition, the decrease in Fe3+ reduction activity observed in the presence of both NO3- and NO2- was identical to the decrease observed in the presence of NO2- alone. These results suggest that bacterially produced NO2- is responsible for inhibiting electron transport to Fe3+.
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Nealson KH, Myers CR. Microbial reduction of manganese and iron: new approaches to carbon cycling. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:439-43. [PMID: 1610166 PMCID: PMC195266 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.2.439-443.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K H Nealson
- Center for Great Lakes Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 53204
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Abstract
The oxidation of organic matter coupled to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) is one of the most important biogeochemical reactions in aquatic sediments, soils, and groundwater. This process, which may have been the first globally significant mechanism for the oxidation of organic matter to carbon dioxide, plays an important role in the oxidation of natural and contaminant organic compounds in a variety of environments and contributes to other phenomena of widespread significance such as the release of metals and nutrients into water supplies, the magnetization of sediments, and the corrosion of metal. Until recently, much of the Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction in sedimentary environments was considered to be the result of nonenzymatic processes. However, microorganisms which can effectively couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) have recently been discovered. With Fe(III) or Mn(IV) as the sole electron acceptor, these organisms can completely oxidize fatty acids, hydrogen, or a variety of monoaromatic compounds. This metabolism provides energy to support growth. Sugars and amino acids can be completely oxidized by the cooperative activity of fermentative microorganisms and hydrogen- and fatty-acid-oxidizing Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reducers. This provides a microbial mechanism for the oxidation of the complex assemblage of sedimentary organic matter in Fe(III)- or Mn(IV)-reducing environments. The available evidence indicates that this enzymatic reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) accounts for most of the oxidation of organic matter coupled to reduction of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) in sedimentary environments. Little is known about the diversity and ecology of the microorganisms responsible for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction, and only preliminary studies have been conducted on the physiology and biochemistry of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lovley
- Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092
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Myers CR, Nealson KH. Respiration-linked proton translocation coupled to anaerobic reduction of manganese(IV) and iron(III) in Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:6232-8. [PMID: 2172208 PMCID: PMC526804 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.11.6232-6238.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An oxidant pulse technique, with lactate as the electron donor, was used to study respiration-linked proton translocation in the manganese- and iron-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. Cells grown anaerobically with fumarate or nitrate as the electron acceptor translocated protons in response to manganese (IV), fumarate, or oxygen. Cells grown anaerobically with fumarate also translocated protons in response to iron(III) and thiosulfate, whereas those grown with nitrate did not. Aerobically grown cells translocated protons only in response to oxygen. Proton translocation with all electron acceptors was abolished in the presence of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (20 microM) and was partially to completely inhibited by the electron transport inhibitor 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (50 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Myers
- Center for Great Lakes Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 53201
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Arnold RG, DiChristina TJ, Hoffmann MR. Reductive dissolution of fe(III) oxides byPseudomonas sp. 200. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 32:1081-96. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260320902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Williams HD, Poole RK. Reduction of iron(III) byEscherichia coli K12: Lack of involvement of the respiratory chains. Curr Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01577588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Arnold RG, Olson TM, Hoffmann MR. Kinetics and mechanism of dissimilative Fe(III) reduction byPseudomonas sp. 200. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:1657-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260281110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arnold RG, DiChristina TJ, Hoffmann MR. Inhibitor studies of dissimilative Fe(III) reduction by Pseudomonas sp. strain 200 ("Pseudomonas ferrireductans"). Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:281-9. [PMID: 2428308 PMCID: PMC203516 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.2.281-289.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic respiration and dissimilative iron reduction were studied in pure, batch cultures of Pseudomonas sp. strain 200 ("Pseudomonas ferrireductans"). Specific respiratory inhibitors were used to identify elements of electron transport chains involved in the reduction of molecular oxygen and Fe(III). When cells were grown at a high oxygen concentration, dissimilative iron reduction occurred via an abbreviated electron transport chain. The induction of alternative respiratory pathways resulted from growth at low oxygen tension (less than 0.01 atm [1 atm = 101.29 kPa]). Induced cells were capable of O2 utilization at moderately increased rates; dissimilative iron reduction was accelerated by a factor of 6 to 8. In cells grown at low oxygen tension, dissimilative iron reduction appeared to be uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation. Models of induced and uninduced electron transport chains, including a mathematical treatment of chemical inhibition within the uninduced, aerobic electron transport system, are presented. In uninduced cells respiring anaerobically, electron transport was limited by ferrireductase activity. This limitation may disappear among induced cells.
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Jones J, Davison W, Gardener S. Iron reduction by bacteria: range of organisms involved and metals reduced. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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