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Ortega-Iguña M, Chludzinski M, Sánchez-Amaya JM. Comparative Mechanical Study of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives over Aluminium Substrates for Industrial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214783. [PMID: 36365776 PMCID: PMC9656936 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of adhesives for fixing low-weight elements is showing increasing interest in the industry, as it would reduce the weight of the assembly, costs, and production time. Specifically, the application of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) to join non-structural naval components to aluminium substrates has not yet been reported. In the present work, a study of the mechanical behaviour of different double-sided PSAs applied on bare aluminium alloy substrates is performed. The influence of surface roughness, surface chemical treatments, and the matrix of the adhesives is studied through different mechanical tests, such as shear, T-peel, and creep. The application of an adhesion promoter improved the mechanical behaviour. Low roughness substrates provided better performance than ground samples. Acrylic foam adhesives were subjected to creep tests, whose results were fitted to a simple mathematical model, predicting the fracture time as a function of the applied load.
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Swanson S, Bashmail R, Fellin CR, Luu V, Shires N, Cox PA, Nelson A, MacKenzie D, Taroc AM, Nelson LY, Seibel EJ. Prototype Development of a Temperature-Sensitive High-Adhesion Medical Tape to Reduce Medical-Adhesive-Related Skin Injury and Improve Quality of Care. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7164. [PMID: 35806167 PMCID: PMC9266747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical adhesives are used to secure wound care dressings and other critical devices to the skin. Without means of safe removal, these stronger adhesives are difficult to painlessly remove from the skin and may cause medical-adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI), including skin tears and an increased risk of infection. Lower-adhesion medical tapes may be applied to avoid MARSI, leading to device dislodgement and further medical complications. This paper outlines the development of a high-adhesion medical tape designed for low skin trauma upon release. By warming the skin-attached tape for 10-30 s, a significant loss in adhesion was achieved. A C14/C18 copolymer was developed and combined with a selected pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) material. The addition of 1% C14/C18 copolymer yielded the largest temperature-responsive drop in surface adhesion. The adhesive film was characterized using AFM, and distinct nanodomains were identified on the exterior surface of the PSA. Our optimized formulation yielded 67% drop in adhesion when warmed to 45 °C, perhaps due to melting nanodomains weakening the adhesive-substrate boundary layer. Pilot clinical testing resulted in a significant decrease in pain when a heat pack was used for removal, giving an average pain reduction of 66%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Swanson
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.S.); (R.B.); (V.L.); (N.S.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Rahaf Bashmail
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.S.); (R.B.); (V.L.); (N.S.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Christopher R. Fellin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.R.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Vivian Luu
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.S.); (R.B.); (V.L.); (N.S.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Nicholas Shires
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.S.); (R.B.); (V.L.); (N.S.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Phillip A. Cox
- Washington Clean Energy Testbeds, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.R.F.); (A.N.)
| | - Devin MacKenzie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | | | - Leonard Y. Nelson
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.S.); (R.B.); (V.L.); (N.S.); (L.Y.N.)
| | - Eric J. Seibel
- Human Photonics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (S.S.); (R.B.); (V.L.); (N.S.); (L.Y.N.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Raos
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Zappone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), Via P. Bucci, 33/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Predictive Mechanistic Model of Creep Response of Single-Layered Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) Joints. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143815. [PMID: 34300733 PMCID: PMC8307980 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the uniaxial tensile creep response of acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which exhibits a unique multi-phase creep response that does not have the classical steady-state region due to multiple transitions caused by several competing mechanisms: (i) cavity nucleation and growth in the interior of the adhesive material of the PSA system, as well as at the interfaces between the PSA and the substrate; (ii) fibrillation of the bulk adhesive, and (iii) interfacial mechanical locking between the adhesive and the bonding substrate. This results in multiple regimes of strain hardening and strain softening, evidenced by multiple regions of steady-state creep, separated by strong transitions in the creep rates. This complex, multi-phase, nonlinear creep response cannot be described by conventional creep constitutive models commonly used for polymers in commercial finite element codes. Accordingly, based on the empirical uniaxial tensile creep response and the mechanisms behind it, a new mechanistic model was proposed. This is capable of quantitatively capturing the characteristic features of the multiphase creep response of single-layered PSA joints as a function of viscoelastic bulk properties and free energy of the PSA material, substrate surface roughness, and interfacial surface energy between the adhesive and substrate. This is the first paper to present the modeling approach for capturing unique multi-phase creep behavior of PSA joint under tensile loading.
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Baggioli A, Casalegno M, David A, Pasquini M, Raos G. Polymer-Mediated Adhesion: Nanoscale Surface Morphology and Failure Mechanisms. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baggioli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ”G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mosè Casalegno
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ”G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio David
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ”G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Pasquini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ”G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Raos
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ”G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Huang H, Dasgupta A, Singh N. Predictive mechanistic model for single-layered pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) joints : Part I: Uniaxial tensile stress-strain response. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:59. [PMID: 32965566 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modeling the deformation of structures containing pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) joints can be a challenging task because of the dependence of the deformation mechanism on a) PSA adhesive properties and b) the bonding substrate's surface properties, such as surface energy and surface roughness. These parameters have significant and unique effects on the mechanical response of the joint. This paper is part of a two-part series, where a mechanism-based predictive modeling approach, supported by empirical observations, is presented for modeling the uniaxial tensile mechanical behavior of single-layered PSA joints based on acrylic PSA materials. This paper (Part I) addresses the stress-strain response, while Part II of this series will address the creep behavior. The underlying model is based on multiple mechanisms: i) cavity nucleation and growth in the bulk adhesive material of the PSA system, as well as at the interfaces between the PSA and the substrate; ii) fibrillation of the cavitated adhesive layer and iii) interfacial slippage between the adhesive and the bonding substrate; iv) PSA delamination from the substrate. This predictive model can be used as a virtual testing tool to generate stress-strain curves for constitutive models of PSA joints under different tensile loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - A Dasgupta
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - N Singh
- Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA
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Cavitation in thin films of amorphous polymers from the static melt induced by thermal treatment. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yamaguchi T, Creton C, Doi M. Simple model on debonding of soft adhesives. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6206-6213. [PMID: 29911218 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple theoretical model describing the debonding process of soft adhesives in the probe-tack test. In this model, the expansion dynamics of interfacial cavities is determined by the balance between the strain energy release rate and the rate-dependent fracture energy. As a result, we obtain analytical solutions for the cavity size, stress-strain curve, peak stress, strain at the peak stress, maximum strain, as well as the adhesion energy. Furthermore, we discuss the validity of our theoretical results by comparing them with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Inozemtsev VA, Gamov AL, Moscalets AP. Soft to tough: ordering in and tack of polymeric materials. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2184-2193. [PMID: 29493692 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, adhesive properties (in terms of practical work of adhesion, Wa, and maximum stress in probe tack test) of blends of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) are studied at different level of stretching stress, applied perpendicular to the probe. The anisotropic behavior in both directions is investigated. Upon stretching, blends of 50/50 wt% PVP-PEG demonstrate little decrease in tack and little increase in maximum debonding stress. Whereas for more cohesive blends like PVP-PEG mixtures with down to 35 wt% of PEG, a significant reduction in Wa at the size of an order of a magnitude is observed. Similar behavior is measured with a commercial product from 3M with the trade name "Command". For the first time, the anisotropy of probe tack properties of two identical strips after stretching is demonstrated via a specially designed quasi-2D setup, where the external force is applied either along or transverse the long side of the quasi-2D substrate, resulting in a significant difference in the measured probe tack curves. This phenomenon has been described by the block model, developed by Yamaguchi et al. We extended the block model by introducing the stretching stress into the model. The differences are explained by the difference in kinetics of the cavity growth between the two directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Inozemtsev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 blg. 2 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Callies X, Fonteneau C, Pensec S, Bouteiller L, Ducouret G, Creton C. Adhesion and non-linear rheology of adhesives with supramolecular crosslinking points. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7174-7185. [PMID: 27498899 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft supramolecular materials are promising for the design of innovative and highly tunable adhesives. These materials are composed of polymer chains functionalized by strongly interacting moieties, sometimes called "stickers". In order to systematically investigate the effect of the presence of associative groups on the debonding properties of a supramolecular adhesive, a series of supramolecular model systems has been characterized by probe-tack tests. These model materials, composed of linear and low dispersity poly(butylacrylate) chains functionalized in the middle by a single tri-urea sticker, are able to self-associate by six hydrogen bonds and range in molecular weight (Mn) between 5 and 85 kg mol(-1). The linear rheology and the nanostructure of the same materials (called "PnBA3U") were the object of a previous study. At room temperature, the association of polymers via hydrogen bonds induces the formation of rod-like aggregates structured into bundles for Mn < 40 kg mol(-1) and the behavior of a soft elastic material was observed (G'≪G'' and G'∼ω(0)). For higher Mn materials, the filaments were randomly oriented and the polymers displayed a crossover towards viscous behavior although terminal relaxation was not reached in the experimental frequency window. All these materials show, however, similar adhesive properties characterized by a cohesive mode of failure and low debonding energies (Wadh < 40 J m(-2) for a debonding speed of 100 μm s(-1)). The debonding mechanisms observed during the adhesion tests have been investigated in detail with an Image tools analysis developed by our group. The measure of the projected area covered by cavities growing in the adhesive layer during debonding can be used to estimate the true stress in the walls of the cavities and thus to characterize the in situ large strain deformation of the thin layer during the adhesion test itself. This analysis revealed in particular that the PnBA3U materials with Mn < 40 kg mol(-1) soften very markedly at large deformation like yield stress fluids, explaining the low adhesion energies measured for these viscoelastic gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Callies
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
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12
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Hagita K, Morita H, Takano H. Molecular dynamics simulation study of a fracture of filler-filled polymer nanocomposites. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Takahashi K, Yamagata Y, Inaba K, Kishimoto K, Tomioka S, Sugizaki T. Characterization of Tack Strength Based on Cavity-Growth Criterion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3525-3531. [PMID: 26991212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The adhesive force generated by a small short-term pressure, called tack, is measured by a probe tack test on pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs); the maximum force is evaluated by cavity growth at the interface between the PSA layer and the probe surface. As the PSA layer becomes thinner, it is more difficult to measure the tack with a cylindrical probe because of the uneven contact resulting from misalignment. A spherical probe is preferable to obtain reproducible contact on the PSA layer, but the contact area should be taken into account if the contact pressure affects the tack performance. Tack was measured on PSAs with various thicknesses in different contact areas to clarify their effect. The results showed that a larger contact area on a thinner PSA generated higher adhesive stress with larger strain. It was found that the maximum adhesive stress was not affected by the contact pressure, but it was strongly correlated to the contact radius divided by the PSA thickness. In addition, a video microscope observation showed that, in all of the experimental cases, the adhesive stress always reached the maximum when cavities were generated at the interface between the PSA and probe surface. Therefore, the criterion of cavity growth was introduced for the evaluation of the maximum adhesive stress. As a result, the experimental results, even at different release rates, were in good agreement with the estimation by considering the effect of confining a thin layer. Furthermore, the theoretical estimation indicated the ultimate value, which was not dependent upon the PSA thickness or contact area. It was defined as a material property, referred to as the "ultimate tack strength" of PSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 I6-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamagata
- Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 I6-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Inaba
- Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 I6-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kikuo Kishimoto
- Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 I6-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shiori Tomioka
- LINTEC Corporation , 5-14-42 Nishiki-cho, Warabi-shi, Saitama 335-0005, Japan
| | - Toshio Sugizaki
- LINTEC Corporation , 5-14-42 Nishiki-cho, Warabi-shi, Saitama 335-0005, Japan
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Creton C, Ciccotti M. Fracture and adhesion of soft materials: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:046601. [PMID: 27007412 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/4/046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials are materials with a low shear modulus relative to their bulk modulus and where elastic restoring forces are mainly of entropic origin. A sparse population of strong bonds connects molecules together and prevents macroscopic flow. In this review we discuss the current state of the art on how these soft materials break and detach from solid surfaces. We focus on how stresses and strains are localized near the fracture plane and how elastic energy can flow from the bulk of the material to the crack tip. Adhesion of pressure-sensitive-adhesives, fracture of gels and rubbers are specifically addressed and the key concepts are pointed out. We define the important length scales in the problem and in particular the elasto-adhesive length Γ/E where Γ is the fracture energy and E is the elastic modulus, and how the ratio between sample size and Γ/E controls the fracture mechanisms. Theoretical concepts bridging solid mechanics and polymer physics are rationalized and illustrated by micromechanical experiments and mechanisms of fracture are described in detail. Open questions and emerging concepts are discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Creton
- Sciences et lngénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research Univeristy, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France. SIMM, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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15
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Chen JH, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Luo F, Shen L, Wu K, Liang LY, Lu M. Improvement in mechanical properties and thermal stability of solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesives based on triazine heterocyclic monomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials for Electronics; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - ManGeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
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Kleinteich T, Gorb SN. Frog tongue acts as muscle-powered adhesive tape. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150333. [PMID: 26473054 PMCID: PMC4593688 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Frogs are well known to capture fast-moving prey by flicking their sticky tongues out of the mouth. This tongue projection behaviour happens extremely fast which makes frog tongues a biological high-speed adhesive system. The processes at the interface between tongue and prey, and thus the mechanism of adhesion, however, are completely unknown. Here, we captured the contact mechanics of frog tongues by filming tongue adhesion at 2000 frames per second through an illuminated glass. We found that the tongue rolls over the target during attachment. However, during the pulling phase, the tongue retractor muscle acts perpendicular to the target surface and thus prevents peeling during tongue retraction. When the tongue detaches, mucus fibrils form between the tongue and the target. Fibrils commonly occur in pressure-sensitive adhesives, and thus frog tongues might be a biological analogue to these engineered materials. The fibrils in frog tongues are related to the presence of microscopic papillae on the surface. Together with a layer of nanoscale fibres underneath the tongue epithelium, these surface papillae will make the tongue adaptable to asperities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we are able to integrate anatomy and function to explain the processes during adhesion in frog tongues.
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Feldstein MM, Dormidontova EE, Khokhlov AR. Pressure sensitive adhesives based on interpolymer complexes. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Tanguy F, Nicoli M, Lindner A, Creton C. Quantitative analysis of the debonding structure of soft adhesives. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:3. [PMID: 24458551 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the growth dynamics of cavities nucleating during the first stages of debonding of three different model adhesives. The material properties of these adhesives range from a more liquid-like material to a soft viscoelastic solid and are carefully characterized by small strain oscillatory shear rheology as well as large strain uniaxial extension. The debonding experiments are performed on a probe tack set-up. Using high contrast images of the debonding process and precise image analysis tools, we quantify the total projected area of the cavities, the average cavity shape and growth rate and link these observations to the material properties. These measurements are then used to access corrected effective stress and strain curves that can be directly compared to the results from the uniaxial extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tanguy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Polymeres et Milieux Disperses, UMR7615 ESPCI-CNRS-UPMC, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
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Annepu H, Sarkar J. Squeezing instabilities and delamination in elastic bilayers: a linear stability analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:051604. [PMID: 23214790 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.051604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A linear stability analysis is presented to understand the instabilities that arise in an elastic bilayer, consisting of a very thin bottom layer (thickness < 100 nm) that acts as a wetting film and a top layer that acts as an adhesive film, when placed in contact proximity with an external rigid contactor. Depending on whichever layer is more compliant, "squeezing modes" of instability with a variety of length scales ranging from <<3h to <<3h (h: bilayer thickness) are found to be possible. The least length scales obtained are 0.1h. The squeezing instabilities are, however, accompanied by delamination of the film-film interface. The instability length scales, the strength of interactions required, and the delamination decrease as the compliance of the top film increases. Surface tension effects are found to have a stabilizing influence which increases the instability length scales and decreases the degree of delamination at the cost of high interaction penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Annepu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India
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Diethert A, Körstgens V, Magerl D, Ecker K, Perlich J, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Structure and macroscopic tackiness of ultrathin pressure sensitive adhesive films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3951-3958. [PMID: 22817560 DOI: 10.1021/am300774b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin layers of the statistical copolymer P(nBA-stat-MA) with a majority of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and a minority of methyl acrylate (MA) are characterized with respect to the film morphology and the mechanical response in a probe tack test. The probed copolymer can be regarded as a model system of a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The films are prepared by spin-coating which enables an easy thickness control via the polymer concentration of the solution. The film thickness is determined with x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and white light interferometry (WLI). Grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) provides detailed and statistically significant information about the film morphology. Two types of lateral structures are identified and no strong correlation of these structures with the PSA film thickness is observed. In contrast, prominent parameters of the probe tack test, such as the stress maximum and the tack energy, exhibit an exponential dependence on the film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Diethert
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Creton C, Hu G, Deplace F, Morgret L, Shull KR. Large-Strain Mechanical Behavior of Model Block Copolymer Adhesives. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900821k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fanny Deplace
- Current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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Glassmaker NJ, Hui CY, Yamaguchi T, Creton C. Detachment of stretched viscoelastic fibrils. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2008; 25:253-266. [PMID: 18398567 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
New experimental results are presented about the final stage of failure of soft viscoelastic adhesives. A microscopic view of the detachment of the adhesive shows that after cavity growth and expansion, well adhered soft adhesives form a network of fibrils connected to expanded contacting feet which fail via a sliding mechanism, sensitive to interfacial shear stresses rather than by a fracture mechanism as sometimes suggested in earlier work. A mechanical model of this stretching and sliding failure phenomenon is presented which treats the fibril as a nonlinear elastic or viscoelastic rod and the foot as an elastic layer subject to a friction force proportional to the local displacement rate. The force on the stretched rod drives the sliding of the foot against the substrate. The main experimental parameter controlling the failure strain and stress during the sliding process is identified by the model as the normalized probe pull speed, which also depends on the magnitude of the friction and PSA modulus. In addition, the material properties, viscoelasticity and finite extensibility of the polymer chains, are shown to have an important effect on both the details of the sliding process and the ultimate failure strain and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Glassmaker
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Polymères et Milieux Dispersés, UMR7615 ESPCI-CNRS-UPMC, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cédex 05, France
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Yamaguchi T, Doi M. Debonding dynamics of pressure-sensitive adhesives: 3D block model. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2006; 21:331-9. [PMID: 17297565 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2006-10073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We develop a 3-dimensional mechanical model which describes cavity expansions in a viscoelastic solid medium during the debonding phase of the probe-tack test. The stress-strain curves are in good agreement with experiments for the typical pressure-sensitive adhesives. We also show that the separation speed dependence can be explained by viscous dissipations due to large strain rates around the cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8656, Japan.
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