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Effects of isocorynoxeine, from Uncaria, on lower urinary tract dysfunction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia via antagonism of α1A-adrenoceptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 376:95-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Li T, Xu K, Che D, Huang Z, Jahan N, Wang S. Endothelium-independent vasodilator effect of isocorynoxeine in vitro isolated from the hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miquel). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1285-1293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Quantitative Analysis and Biological Efficacies regarding the Neuroprotective and Antineuroinflammatory Actions of the Herbal Formula Jodeungsan in HT22 Hippocampal Cells and BV-2 Microglia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6360836. [PMID: 29391873 PMCID: PMC5748148 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6360836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Jodeungsan (JDS) is a traditional herbal formula that comprises seven medicinal herbs and is broadly utilized to treat hypertension, dementia, and headache. However, the effects of JDS and its herbal components on neurodegenerative diseases have not been reported. We examined the inhibitory effects of JDS and its seven components on neuronal cell death and inflammation using HT22 hippocampal cells and BV-2 microglia, respectively. Among its seven herbal components, Uncaria sinensis (US), Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM), Zingiber officinale (ZO), Pinellia ternata (PT), Citrus unshiu (CU), and Poria cocos (PC) exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in HT22 cells. In BV-2 cells, JDS significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), indicating the antineuroinflammatory activity of JDS. In addition, the herbal extracts from ZO, Panax ginseng (PG), PT, CU, and PC exhibited inhibitory effects on the inflammatory response in microglia. These data imply that the JDS effect on neurodegeneration occurs via coordination among its seven components. To establish a quality control for JDS, a simultaneous analysis using five standard compounds identified hesperidin (37.892 ± 1.228 mg/g) as the most abundant phytochemical of JDS. Further investigation of the combinatorial activities of two or more standard compounds will be necessary to verify their antineurodegenerative regulatory mechanisms.
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Zhang Q, Zhao JJ, Xu J, Feng F, Qu W. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:48-80. [PMID: 26091967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Uncaria belongs to the family Rubiaceae, which mainly distributed in tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, Africa and Southeast America. Their leaves and hooks have long been thought to have healing powers and are already being tested as a treatment for asthma, cancer, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and rheumatism. The present review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria to support for further therapeutic potential of this genus. To better understanding this genus, information on the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships in indole alkaloids is also represented. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature study of this review is based on various databases search (SCIFinder, Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Medalink, Google scholar, ACS, Tropicos, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, The New York Botanical Garden, African Plants Database at Genera Botanical Garden, The Plant List and SEINet) and library search for Biological Abstract and some local books on ethnopharmacology. RESULTS 19 species of the genus Uncaria are found to be important folk medicines in China, Malaysia, Phillippines, Africa and Southeast America, etc, and have been served for the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, hyperpyrexia, hypertension and headaches, etc. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Uncaria, including indole alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, etc. As characteristic constituents, indole alkaloids have been considered as main efficacy component for hypertension, epilepsy, depressant, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, pharmacokinetic and metabolism investigation reveal that the indole alkaloids are likely to be absorbed, metabolized and excreted at early time points. Moreover, the specific inhibition of CYP isozymes can regulate their hydroxylation metabolites at C-10 and C-11. CONCLUSION Preliminary investigations on pharmacological properties of the Uncaria species have enlightened their efficacious remedy for hypertension, asthma, cancer, diabetes, rheumatism and neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure the safety and effectiveness in clinical application, research on bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms and toxicity of the genus Uncaria as well as the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships of indole alkaloids seem very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Seo HB, Kang BK, Kim JH, Choi YW, Hong JW, Choi BT, Shin HK. Partially purified components of Uncaria sinensis attenuate blood brain barrier disruption after ischemic brain injury in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:157. [PMID: 26012470 PMCID: PMC4443505 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Uncaria sinensis (US) has long been used in traditional Korean medicine to relieve various nervous-related symptoms and cardiovascular disease. We recently showed the neuroprotective and cerebrovascular protective effects of US on cerebral ischemia; however, its effects on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of partially purified components of US (PPUS) on BBB disruption were investigated in mice subjected to ischemic brain injury. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice by photothrombotic cortical ischemia. PPUS was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemic insults. Infarct volume, neurological score, wire-grip test, Evans blue leakage and brain water content were then examined 24 h after ischemic brain injury. Results Infarct volume was significantly reduced and neurological deficit and motor deficit were greatly improved in PPUS-pretreated mice relative to those treated with vehicle following photothrombotic cortical ischemia. Brain edema-induced change of Evans blue extravasation and water content in the ipsilateral hemisphere were alleviated by treatment with PPUS. In addition, PPUS significantly reduced ischemic brain injury-induced degradation of tight junction proteins and elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Conclusions PPUS prevents cerebral ischemic damage by BBB protection, and these effects were associated with inhibition of tight junction degradation and MMP-9 induction.
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Park SH, Kim JH, Park SJ, Bae SS, Choi YW, Hong JW, Choi BT, Shin HK. Protective effect of hexane extracts of Uncaria sinensis against photothrombotic ischemic injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:774-779. [PMID: 22051882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria sinensis (US) has been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat vascular disease and to relieve various neurological symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY Scientific evidence related to the effectiveness or action mechanism of US on cerebrovascular disease has not been examined experimentally. Here, we investigated the cerebrovascular protective effect of US extracts on photothrombotic ischemic injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS US hexane extracts (HEUS), ethyl acetate extracts (EAEUS) and methanol extracts (MEUS) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemic insults. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice by photothrombotic cortical occlusion. We evaluated the infarct volume, neurological score and the activation of Akt and eNOS in ischemic brain. RESULTS HEUS more significantly reduced infarct volume and edema than did EAEUS and MEUS following photothrombotic cortical occlusion. HEUS produced decreased infarct volume and edema size, and improved neurological function in a concentration-dependent manner (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg). However, HEUS did not reduce brain infarction in eNOS KO mice, suggesting that the protective effect of HEUS is primarily endothelium-dependent. Furthermore, HEUS (10-300 μg/ml) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in mouse aorta and rat basilar artery, which was not seen in eNOS KO mouse aorta, suggesting that HEUS cause vasodilation via an eNOS-dependent mechanism. This correlated with increased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in the brains of HEUS-treated mice. CONCLUSION HEUS prevent cerebral ischemic damage by regulating Akt/eNOS signaling. US, herbal medicine, may be the basis of a novel strategy for the therapy of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Zhang HY, Tang XC. Cholinergic deficiency involved in vascular dementia: possible mechanism and strategy of treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:879-88. [PMID: 19574993 PMCID: PMC4006646 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence. Several studies have recently reported that VaD patients present cholinergic deficits in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that may be closely related to the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment. Moreover, cholinergic therapies have shown promising effects on cognitive improvement in VaD patients. The precise mechanisms of these cholinergic agents are currently not fully understood; however, accumulating evidence indicates that these drugs may act through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, in which the efferent vagus nerve signals suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine release and inhibit inflammation, although regulation of oxidative stress and energy metabolism, alleviation of apoptosis may also be involved. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the cholinergic treatment strategy for VaD and its relevant mechanisms of anti-inflammation.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 879-888; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi-can Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Pu F, Motohashi K, Kaneko T, Tanaka Y, Manome N, Irie K, Takata J, Egashira N, Oishi R, Okamoto T, Sei Y, Yokozawa T, Mishima K, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M. Neuroprotective Effects of Kangen-karyu on Spatial Memory Impairment in an 8-Arm Radial Maze and Neuronal Death in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Induced by Repeated Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 109:424-30. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08245fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Obi R, Tohda M, Zhao Q, Obi N, Hori H, Murakami Y, Goto H, Shimada Y, Ochiai H, Matsumoto K. Chotosan enhances macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA expression in the ischemic rat brain and C6Bu-1 glioma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 30:2250-6. [PMID: 18057707 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a cytokine which has been recently reported to have a neuroprotective effect on ischemic rat brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of chotosan, an oriental medicine, which has been clinically demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of vascular dementia, on M-CSF gene expression in rats with permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (P2VO) in vivo and in a C6Bu-1 glioma cell line in vitro. The expression level of M-CSF mRNA in the cerebral cortices of P2VO rats was significantly higher than that in the cerebral cortices of sham-operated animals. Repeated treatment of P2VO rats with chotosan (75 mg/kg per day) for 4 d after P2VO significantly increased the expression level of M-CSF mRNA in the cortex but it had no effect on the expression of beta-actin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNAs. Moreover, the present in vitro studies revealed that chotosan treatment (10-100 mug/ml) of C6Bu-1 glioma cells dose-dependently enhanced M-CSF mRNA expression without affecting the expression of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNAs. The effect of chotosan was reversed by Ro 31-8220 (1 muM), a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but not by H-89 (10 muM), a selective protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. These findings suggest that the upregulatory effect of chotosan on M-CSF mRNA expression involves PKC and may play an important role in the anti-vascular dementia action of this formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Obi
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Zhao Q, Murakami Y, Tohda M, Obi R, Shimada Y, Matsumoto K. Chotosan, a kampo formula, ameliorates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced deficits in object recognition behaviors and central cholinergic systems in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 103:360-73. [PMID: 17409635 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the Kampo formula chotosan (CTS) ameliorated spatial cognitive impairment via central cholinergic systems in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (P2VO) mouse model. In this study, the object discrimination tasks were used to determine if the ameliorative effects of CTS on P2VO-induced cognitive deficits are a characteristic pharmacological profile of this formula, with the aim of clarifying the mechanisms by which CTS enhances central cholinergic function in P2VO mice. The cholinesterase inhibitor tacrine (THA) and Kampo formula saikokeishito (SKT) were used as controls. P2VO impaired object discrimination performance in the object recognition, location, and context tests. Daily administration of CTS (750 mg/kg, p.o.) and THA (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) improved the object discrimination deficits, whereas SKT (750 mg/kg, p.o.) did not. In ex vivo assays, tacrine but not CTS or SKT inhibited cortical cholinesterase activity. P2VO reduced the mRNA expression of m(3) and m(5) muscarinic receptors and choline acetyltransferase but not that of other muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cerebral cortex. Daily administration of CTS and THA but not SKT reversed these expression changes. These results suggest that CTS and THA improve P2VO-induced cognitive impairment by normalizing the deficit of central cholinergic systems and that the beneficial effect on P2VO-induced cognitive deficits is a distinctive pharmacological characteristic of CTS.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholinesterase/genetics
- Actins/genetics
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Brain Ischemia/complications
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects
- Choline O-Acetyltransferase/genetics
- Cholinergic Fibers/drug effects
- Cholinergic Fibers/pathology
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Chronic Disease
- Cognition Disorders/etiology
- Cognition Disorders/prevention & control
- Discrimination, Psychological/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Male
- Medicine, Kampo
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Muscarinic/genetics
- Recognition, Psychology/drug effects
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tacrine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Japan
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Murakami Y, Zhao Q, Harada K, Tohda M, Watanabe H, Matsumoto K. Choto-san, a Kampo formula, improves chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced spatial learning deficit via stimulation of muscarinic M1 receptor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 81:616-25. [PMID: 15936808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A recent double-blind and placebo-controlled study demonstrated a beneficial effect of Choto-san, a Kampo (traditional medicine of Japan) formula, on cognitive impairment in patients with vascular dementia. However, the neuronal mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of this formula remains to be clarified. Using a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model, we investigated the effect of Choto-san on cognitive dysfunction in mice to clarify its mechanism of actions. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by permanent occlusion of both the common carotid arteries (2VO). Choto-san and Uncaria, a major constituent of Choto-san, caused an improvement in 2VO-induced learning deficits, whereas Uncaria-free Choto-san did not. The effects of Choto-san and Uncaria were blocked by pirenzepine, a selective muscarinic M1 antagonist. In a tube-dominance test, 2VO induced increased rates of assertive behavior in mice. 2VO mice administered Choto-san showed significantly reduced rates of assertive behavior compared to vehicle-treated controls, whereas Uncaria-free Choto-san and Uncaria had little effect on 2VO-induced assertive behavior. 2VO caused a significant decrease in the level of acetylcholine (ACh) contents in the brain, and the daily administration of Choto-san or Uncaria raised the ACh level to that in the sham-operated controls. These results suggest that Choto-san has an ameliorating effect on the spatial memory deficit caused by chronic hypoperfusion, and that the effect is mainly attributable to Uncaria. Moreover, it was suggested that the effects of Choto-san and Uncaria are at least partly mediated by stimulation of the muscarinic M1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Murakami
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Yokoyama K, Shimada Y, Hori E, Nakagawa T, Takagi S, Sekiya N, Kouta K, Nishijo H, Yokozawa T, Terasawa K. Effects of Choto-san and hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on antioxidant enzyme activities in the gerbil brain after transient forebrain ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 95:335-343. [PMID: 15507357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Revised: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we revealed that oral administrations of Choto-san, a Kampo formula, and the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis Haviland (Rubiaceae), a medicinal plant comprising Choto-san, enhanced superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in the hippocampus, and prevented delayed neuronal death of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in a transient forebrain ischemia gerbil model. In the present study, for the purpose of clarifying whether the endogenous antioxidant enzymes contribute to these mechanisms, we investigated the effects of Choto-san extract (CSE) and Uncaria sinensis extract (USE) on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the brain by using the same experimental model. 1.0% CSE or 3.0% USE were dissolved in water and provided to gerbils ad libitum from 7 days prior to ischemia/reperfusion (i/rp). Seven days of continuous administrations of CSE or USE without i/rp procedure enhanced CAT activity but not SOD and GSH-Px activities in both the hippocampus and cortex. CSE elevated CAT activity in the hippocampus at 7 days and in the cortex at 3h after i/rp. USE raised CAT activity in both the hippocampus and cortex at 3 h and 7 days after i/rp. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the protective effects of CSE and USE against transient brain ischemia-induced neuronal damage may be their enhancing effect on CAT activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yokoyama
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan
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Ha KT, Lee TK, Kwak KH, Kim JK, Kim DI, Choi DY, Kim CH. Inhibitory effect of Cho-Deung-San on human aortic smooth muscle cell migration induced by TNF-α through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activity. Vascul Pharmacol 2004; 41:83-90. [PMID: 15380733 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The migration and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) may play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. A Korean traditional herbal formulation, Cho-Deung-San (CDS), which is composed of 11 herbal ingredients, has been used to treat vascular diseases for many centuries. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of CDS on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) migration and MMP-2 and -9 activity. The cytotoxocity of CDS on HASMC was very low (IC(50)>500 microg/ml) as measured by the XTT assay method. The Matrigel migration assay showed that CDS effectively inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced migration of HASMC as compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=85 microg/ml). To explain this inhibitory effect, the extracts prepared from CDS and its herbal ingredients were assayed for gelatin zymography. The results showed that CDS inhibited MMP-2 and -9 activity (IC(50)=180 and 75 microg/ml, respectively). Among the herbal ingredients of CDS, the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil (UR) has shown significant inhibition against MMP-2 and -9 activity. In addition, the inhibitory effect of UR against gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and -9 was higher than that of catechin and lower than that of epigallocatechin gallate. These results suggest that CDS could be used as potential antiatherosclerotic agent, and UR is major component of CDS for antimigration in TNF-alpha treated HASMC.
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MESH Headings
- Aorta/pathology
- Catechin/chemistry
- Catechin/classification
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Herbal Medicine
- Humans
- Korea
- Medicine, East Asian Traditional
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Stems
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Rhizome
- Tetrazolium Salts
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Uncaria/chemistry
- Uncaria/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Pathology and Gynecology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Sukjang-Dong 707, Kyungju City, Kyungbuk 780-714, South Korea
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