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Gill NB, Dowker-Key PD, Hedrick M, Bettaieb A. Unveiling the Role of Oxidative Stress in Cochlear Hair Cell Death: Prospective Phytochemical Therapeutics against Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4272. [PMID: 38673858 PMCID: PMC11050722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss represents a multifaceted and pervasive challenge that deeply impacts various aspects of an individual's life, spanning psychological, emotional, social, and economic realms. Understanding the molecular underpinnings that orchestrate hearing loss remains paramount in the quest for effective therapeutic strategies. This review aims to expound upon the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of hearing loss, with a specific focus on its correlation with diabetes. Within this context, phytochemicals have surfaced as prospective contenders in the pursuit of potential adjuvant therapies. These compounds exhibit noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which hold the potential to counteract the detrimental effects induced by oxidative stress and inflammation-prominent contributors to hearing impairment. Furthermore, this review offers an up-to-date exploration of the diverse molecular pathways modulated by these compounds. However, the dynamic landscape of their efficacy warrants recognition as an ongoing investigative topic, inherently contingent upon specific experimental models. Ultimately, to ascertain the genuine potential of phytochemicals as agents in hearing loss treatment, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms at play, coupled with rigorous clinical investigations, stands as an imperative quest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Gill
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Presley D. Dowker-Key
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Mark Hedrick
- Department of Audiology & Speech Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN 37996-0240, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
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Lin J, Gang L, Wen L, Zi HY, Xia S. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 alleviates sevoflurane-induced ototoxicity by reducing oxidative stress levels. Neuroreport 2024; 35:152-159. [PMID: 38141010 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic widely used in pediatric surgery. However, animal studies have shown that multiple sevoflurane exposures during the neonatal period led to ototoxicity. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1, a ginsenoside extract, protects against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by scavenging free radicals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of Rh1 on sevoflurane-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal cochlear explants and House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were cultured and randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the sevoflurane group and the Rh1 pretreatment group. We pretreated cochlear explants or HEI-OC1 cells with 100 μM Rh1 2 hours before performing sevoflurane exposure. Immunofluorescence was used to detect hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide were used to evaluate apoptosis. CellROX-Green and MitoSOX-Red probes were used to measure the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester labeling was used to examine mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS Rh1 attenuated spiral ganglion neuron nerve fibers and synapses degeneration in cochlear explants after sevoflurane exposure. Rh1 significantly increased the viability of HEI-OC1 cells, reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in HEI-OC1 cells, and prevented mitochondrial damage in HEI-OC1 cells after sevoflurane exposure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Rh1 is a promising drug for preventing sevoflurane-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital
| | - Li Gang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital
| | - Li Wen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratoryof Hearing Medicine
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Ying Zi
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratoryof Hearing Medicine
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Miao Z, Chai R, Chen W. Development of Chinese herbal medicine for sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:455-467. [PMID: 38322328 PMCID: PMC10840432 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization's world report on hearing, nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide will suffer from hearing loss by 2050, which may contribute to a severe impact on individual life quality and national economies. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs commonly as a result of noise exposure, aging, and ototoxic drugs, and is pathologically characterized by the impairment of mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear, which is mainly triggered by reactive oxygen species accumulation, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Though recent advances have been made in understanding the ability of cochlear repair and regeneration, there are still no effective therapeutic drugs for SNHL. Chinese herbal medicine which is widely distributed and easily accessible in China has demonstrated a unique curative effect against SNHL with higher safety and lower cost compared with Western medicine. Herein we present trends in research for Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of SNHL, and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action, to pave the way for further research and development of novel effective drugs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenyong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Hu S, Sun Q, Xu F, Jiang N, Gao J. Age-related hearing loss and its potential drug candidates: a systematic review. Chin Med 2023; 18:121. [PMID: 37730634 PMCID: PMC10512576 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the main illnesses afflicting the aged population and has a significant negative impact on society, economy, and health. However, there is presently no appropriate therapeutic treatment of ARHL due to the absence of comprehensive trials. OBJECTIVES The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate and analyze recent statistics on the pathologic classifications, risk factors, treatment strategies, and drug candidates of ARHL, including that from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to provide potential new approaches for preventing and treating ARHL. METHODS Literature related to ARHL was conducted in databases such as PubMed, WOS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang from the establishment of the database to Jan, 2023. The pathology, causal factor, pathophysiological mechanism, treatment strategy, and the drug candidate of ARHL were extracted and pooled for synthesis. RESULTS Many hypotheses about the etiology of ARHL are based on genetic and environmental elements. Most of the current research on the pathology of ARHL focuses on oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cochlear blood flow, ion homeostasis, etc. In TCM, herbs belonging to the kidney, lung, and liver meridians exhibit good hearing protection. Seven herbs belonging to the kidney meridian, 9 belonging to the lung meridian, and 4 belonging to the liver meridian were ultimately retrieved in this review, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Their active compounds, 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rb1, and puerarin, may act as the molecular substance for their anti-ARHL efficacy, and show anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, or mitochondrial protective effects. CONCLUSION Anti-oxidants, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation agents, vasodilators, K+ channel openers, Ca2+ channel blockers, JNK inhibitors, and nerve growth factors/neurotrophic factors all contribute to hearing protection, and herbs are an important source of potential anti-ARHL drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Z, Zhu Z, Cao J, Wu W, Hu S, Deng C, Xie Q, Huang X, You C. Prediction of network pharmacology and molecular docking-based strategy to determine potential pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang pill against tinnitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31711. [PMID: 36401375 PMCID: PMC9678611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liuwei Dihuang Pill is widely used to treat tinnitus in China. However, the underlying mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in treating tinnitus still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the potential pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the treatment of tinnitus based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The active components of the Liuwei Dihuang Pill were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) database. Cytoscape software was used to draw the active component-target network diagram of Liuwei Dihuang Pill, and obtain the core components. Then the corresponding targets were also obtained from the TCMSP database. Targets related to tinnitus were obtained from the GeneCards, DisGeNET, TTD and DrugBank databases. The String database was used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets of drugs and diseases, then the core targets were screened out. The Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of common targets. Finally, the molecular docking between the core component and the core target was carried out by AutoDock. RESULTS The core components of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the treatment of tinnitus including quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, tetrahydroalstonine, which may act on core targets such as STAT3, transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 and MAPK3. HIF-1 signaling pathway, Influenza A, P53 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway play a role in anti-inflammatory, improving microcirculation in the blood-labyrinth barrier, increasing cochlear blood flow, and preventing hair cell damage. The molecular docking results showed that the affinity between core components and core targets was good. CONCLUSION The potential mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the treatment of tinnitus was preliminarily discussed in this study, which may provide a theoretical basis and evidence for further experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Wu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weikun Wu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Weikun Wu, Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China (e-mail: )
| | - Shiping Hu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengcheng Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengkun You
- Pinghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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Preventive Effect of Cocoa Flavonoids via Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Auditory Senescent Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081450. [PMID: 35892652 PMCID: PMC9330887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis or Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a sensorineural hearing loss that affects communication, leading to depression and social isolation. Currently, there are no effective treatments against ARHL. It is known that cocoa products have high levels of polyphenol content (mainly flavonoids), that are potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with proven benefits for health. The objective is to determine the protective effect of cocoa at the cellular and molecular levels in Presbycusis. For in vitro study, we used House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), stria vascularis (SV-k1), and organ of Corti (OC-k3) cells (derived from the auditory organ of a transgenic mouse). Each cell line was divided into a control group (CTR) and an H2O2 group (induction of senescence by an oxygen radical). Additionally, every group of every cell line was treated with the cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE), measuring different markers of apoptosis, viability, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The data show an increase of reactive oxidative and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) in senescent cells compared to control ones. CPE treatment effectively reduced these high levels and correlated with a significant reduction in apoptosis cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, in senescence cells, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; and Glutathione peroxidase, GPx) was recovered after CPE treatment. Administration of CPE also decreased oxidative DNA damage in the auditory senescent cells. In conclusion, CPE inhibits the activation of senescence-related apoptotic signaling by decreasing oxidative stress in auditory senescent cells.
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Medical Therapy of Hearing Impairment and Tinnitus with Chinese Medicine: An Overview. Chin J Integr Med 2022:10.1007/s11655-022-3678-5. [PMID: 35419727 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current review gives a comprehensive overview of the recent development in Chinese medicine (CM) for treating several kinds of acquired nerve deafness and tinnitus, as well as links the traditional principle to well-established pharmacological mechanisms for future research. To date, about 24 herbal species and 40 related ingredients used in CM to treat hearing loss and tinnitus are reported for the treatment of endocochlear potential, endolymph growth, lowering toxic and provocative substance aggregation, inhibiting sensory cell death, and retaining sensory transfer. However, there are a few herbal species that can be used for medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, clinical studies have been hampered by a limited population sample, a deficiency of a suitable control research group, or contradictory results. Enhanced cochlear blood flow, antiinflammatory antioxidant, neuroprotective effects, and anti-apoptotic, as well as multi-target approach on different auditory sections of the inner ear, are all possible benefits of CM medications. There are numerous unknown natural products for aural ailment and tinnitus identified in CM that are expected to be examined in the future utilizing various aural ailment models and processes.
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Gao X, Liu Y, An Z, Ni J. Active Components and Pharmacological Effects of Cornus officinalis: Literature Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633447. [PMID: 33912050 PMCID: PMC8072387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Shanzhuyu), a herb and food plant in east Asia, has the properties of tonifying the liver and kidney, and nourishing the essence according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. C. officinalis has been commonly used to treat asthenia diseases, liver, and kidney diseases, and reproductive system diseases since ancient times. The objectives of this article were to review the pharmacological effects and phytochemistry of C. officinalis. We conducted a literature review of the pharmacological effects of C. officinalis by different systems and compared the effects with the traditional usages, discussed the research status and potential blanks to be filled. The experimental studies showed that C. officinalis extract and its active components had various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, immunoregulation, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular protection, but clinical studies are still needed to assess whether the reported pharmacological activities have confirmed efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhichao An
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Deng D, Yan J, Wu Y, Wu K, Li W. Morroniside suppresses hydrogen peroxide-stimulated autophagy and apoptosis in rat ovarian granulosa cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:577-586. [PMID: 32954801 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120960768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidences have indicated that granulosa cells play a critical role in follicular growth. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress has been associated with ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and ovarian function. Recently, a study highlighted the protective role of morroniside against H2O2-induced damage. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of morroniside on H2O2-stimulated rat ovarian granulosa cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that H2O2 treatment suppressed cell survival and increased apoptosis in rat granulosa cells, while treatment with morroniside markedly increased H2O2-induced granulosa cell survival in a dose-dependent manner (0, 10, 50 and 100 µM). Moreover, treatment with 50 µM morroniside impeded H2O2-induced cell apoptosis. An elevation in intracellular ROS, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT level was observed in H2O2-induced granulosa cells; however, this effect was abrogated by morroniside treatment. Further studies suggested that administration of morroniside inhibited H2O2-induced granulosa cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. In addition, after morroniside treatment of H2O2-stimulated granulosa cells, autophagy-related protein (LC3-II/LC3-I ratio) and beclin-1 expression was decreased and p62 level was increased. Interestingly, we found that morroniside treatment activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in H2O2-stimulated granulosa cells. Finally, we showed that treatment with PI3K and mTOR inhibitors reversed the protective effects of morroniside on H2O2-induced granulosa cells. Taken together, our data suggest that treatment with morroniside decreased apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress in rat granulosa cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Deng
- Hospital of 118385Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J Yan
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of 118385Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - K Wu
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of 118385Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - W Li
- Hospital of 118385Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Di Y, Xu T, Tian Y, Ma T, Qu D, Wang Y, Lin Y, Bao D, Yu L, Liu S, Wang A. Ursolic acid protects against cisplatin‑induced ototoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and TRPV1‑mediated Ca2+‑signaling. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:806-816. [PMID: 32626955 PMCID: PMC7307815 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is widely used in clinical settings for the treatment of various cancers. However, ototoxicity is a major side effect of CDDP, and there is an associated risk of irreversible hearing loss. We previously demonstrated that CDDP could induce ototoxicity via activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) pathway and subsequent induction of oxidative stress. The present study investigated whether ursolic acid (UA) treatment could protect against CDDP‑induced ototoxicity. UA is a triterpenoid with strong antioxidant activity widely used in China for the treatment of liver diseases. This traditional Chinese medicine is mainly isolated from bearberry, a Chinese herb. The present results showed that CDDP increased auditory brainstem response threshold shifts in frequencies associated with observed damage to the outer hair cells. Moreover, CDDP increased the expression of TRPV1, calpain 2 and caspase‑3 in the cochlea, and the levels of Ca2+ and 4‑hydroxynonenal. UA co‑treatment significantly attenuated CDDP‑induced hearing loss and inhibited TRPV1 pathway activation. In addition, UA enhanced CDDP‑induced growth inhibition in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, suggesting that UA synergizes with CDDP in vitro. Collectively, the present data suggested that UA could effectively attenuate CDDP‑induced hearing loss by inhibiting the TRPV1/Ca²+/calpain‑oxidative stress pathway without impairing the antitumor effects of CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Xu
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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Castañeda R, Natarajan S, Jeong SY, Hong BN, Kang TH. Traditional oriental medicine for sensorineural hearing loss: Can ethnopharmacology contribute to potential drug discovery? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:409-428. [PMID: 30439402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Traditional Oriental Medicine (TOM), the development of hearing pathologies is related to an inadequate nourishment of the ears by the kidney and other organs involved in regulation of bodily fluids and nutrients. Several herbal species have historically been prescribed for promoting the production of bodily fluids or as antiaging agents to treat deficiencies in hearing. AIM OF REVIEW The prevalence of hearing loss has been increasing in the last decade and is projected to grow considerably in the coming years. Recently, several herbal-derived products prescribed in TOM have demonstrated a therapeutic potential for acquired sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Therefore, the aims of this review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the current known efficacy of the herbs used in TOM for preventing different forms of acquired sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, and associate the traditional principle with the demonstrated pharmacological mechanisms to establish a solid foundation for directing future research. METHODS The present review collected the literature related to herbs used in TOM or related compounds on hearing from Chinese, Korean, and Japanese herbal classics; library catalogs; and scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; and Science Direct). RESULTS This review shows that approximately 25 herbal species and 40 active compounds prescribed in TOM for hearing loss and tinnitus have shown in vitro or in vivo beneficial effects for acquired sensorineural hearing loss produced by noise, aging, ototoxic drugs or diabetes. The inner ear is highly vulnerable to ischemia and oxidative damage, where several TOM agents have revealed a direct effect on the auditory system by normalizing the blood supply to the cochlea and increasing the antioxidant defense in sensory hair cells. These strategies have shown a positive impact on maintaining the inner ear potential, sustaining the production of endolymph, reducing the accumulation of toxic and inflammatory substances, preventing sensory cell death and preserving sensory transmission. There are still several herbal species with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy whose mechanisms have not been deeply studied and others that have been traditionally used in hearing loss but have not been tested experimentally. In clinical studies, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Astragalus propinquus have demonstrated to improve hearing thresholds in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and alleviated the symptoms of tinnitus. However, some of these clinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, lack of an adequate control group or contradictory results. CONCLUSIONS Current therapeutic strategies have proven that the goal of the traditional oriental medicine principle of increasing bodily fluids is a relevant approach for reducing the development of hearing loss by improving microcirculation in the blood-labyrinth barrier and increasing cochlear blood flow. The potential benefits of TOM agents expand to a multi-target approach on different auditory structures of the inner ear related to increased cochlear blood flow, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. However, more research is required, given the evidence is very limited in terms of the mechanism of action at the preclinical in vivo level and the scarce number of clinical studies published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castañeda
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sathishkumar Natarajan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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Chen M, Wang X, Hu B, Zhou J, Wang X, Wei W, Zhou H. Ursolic acid stimulates UCP2 expression and protects H9c2 cells from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via p38 signaling. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Czerwińska ME, Melzig MF. Cornus mas and Cornus Officinalis-Analogies and Differences of Two Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:894. [PMID: 30210335 PMCID: PMC6121078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among 65 species belonging to the genus Cornus only two, Cornus mas L. and Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Cornaceae), have been traditionally used since ancient times. Cornus mas (cornelian cherry) is native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, whereas C. officinalis (Asiatic dogwood, cornel dogwood) is a deciduous tree distributed in eastern Asia, mainly in China, as well as Korea and Japan. Based on the different geographic distribution of the closely related species but clearly distinct taxa, the ethnopharmacological use of C. mas and C. officinalis seems to be independently originated. Many reports on the quality of C. mas fruits were performed due to their value as edible fruits, and few reports compared their physicochemical properties with other edible fruits. However, the detailed phytochemical profiles of C. mas and C. officinalis, in particular fruits, have never been compared. The aim of this review was highlighting the similarities and differences of phytochemicals found in fruits of C. mas and C. officinalis in relation to their biological effects as well as compare the therapeutic use of fruits from both traditional species. The fruits of C. mas and C. officinalis are characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites, in particular iridoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, much more not widely known iridoids, such as morroniside, as well as tannins were detected particularly in fruits of C. officinalis. The referred studies of biological activity of both species indicate their antidiabetic and hepatoprotective properties. Based on the available reports antihyperlipidemic and anticoagulant activity seems to be unique for extracts of C. mas fruits, whereas antiosteoporotic and immunomodulatory activities were assigned to preparations of C. officinalis fruits. In conclusion, the comparison of phytochemical composition of fruits from both species revealed a wide range of similarities as well as some constituents unique for cornelian cherry or Asiatic dogwood. Thus, these phytochemicals are considered the important factor determining the biological activity and justifying the use of C. mas and C. officinalis in the traditional European and Asiatic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Dong Y, Feng ZL, Chen HB, Wang FS, Lu JH. Corni Fructus: a review of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Chin Med 2018; 13:34. [PMID: 29983732 PMCID: PMC6020197 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. is part of the genus Cornus of the family Cornaceae. Ripening and dry fruits (Corni Fructus) are recognized as an essential herb medicine in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have been widely used for over 2000 years. This review provides a comprehensive summary of Corni Fructus (CF), including the botany, phytochemistry, traditional use, and current pharmacological activities. According to the basic theory of TCM, CF usually participates in various Chinese medicinal formulae to exert the essential roles in replenishing liver and kidney, arresting seminal emission and sweat. Based on modern pharmacological studies, about 90 compounds have been isolated and identified from CF. In vivo and in vitro experimental studies indicate that CF exhibits extensive pharmacological activities including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. However, only about 18% of chemical constituents in CF were tested. It means the potential pharmacological activities and clinical values of CF need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- 2School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- 3Ulcerous Vascular Surgical Department, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR People's Republic of China
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15
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Ye XS, He J, Cheng YC, Zhang L, Qiao HY, Pan XG, Zhang J, Liu SN, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Cornusides A-O, Bioactive Iridoid Glucoside Dimers from the Fruit of Cornus officinalis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3103-3111. [PMID: 29140705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new and rare iridoid glucoside dimers, cornusides A-O (1-15), and 10 known iridoid glucosides (16-25) were isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. These new chemical structures were established through spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-25 were tested for their inhibitory activities by measuring IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in HepG2 cells, and 3, 12, 17, 22, and 23 showed inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 11.9, 12.2, 14.0, 7.0, and 6.9 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ye
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yi Qiao
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Na Liu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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He J, Ye XS, Wang XX, Yang YN, Zhang PC, Ma BZ, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Four new iridoid glucosides containing the furan ring from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:136-141. [PMID: 28596026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new and rare iridoid glucosides, cornusfuroside A-D (1-4), containing the furan ring were identified from water extract of the fruit of Cornus officinalis. These new chemical structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HRESIMS, experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Notably, this study is the first report on the isolation of four iridoid glucoside structures with acetal functions in the sugar moiety. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were also evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Sheng Ye
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang JX, Wang R, Xi J, Shen L, Zhu AY, Qi Q, Wang QY, Zhang LJ, Wang FC, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Morroniside protects SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells against H2O2-induced damage. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:603-612. [PMID: 28204825 PMCID: PMC5360361 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced cell injury has been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Morroniside is an antioxidant derived from the Chinese herb Shan-Zhu-Yu. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of morroniside against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. H2O2 increased cell apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining. This effect was reversed by pretreatment with morroniside at concentrations of 1–100 µM. The increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2 was also abrogated by morroniside. H2O2 induced a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, increased caspase-3 activity, and caused downregulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression. These effects were blocked by morroniside pretreatment. Thus, morroniside protects human neuroblastoma cells against oxidative damage by inhibiting ROS production while suppressing Bax and stimulating Bcl-2 expression, thereby blocking mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. These results indicate that morroniside has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - An-You Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Lun-Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Chao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Pranlukast attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced necrosis in endothelial cells by inhibiting oxygen reactive species-mediated collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 57:479-88. [PMID: 21283018 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31821076d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we reported that pranlukast, an antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, attenuates ischemic injury in endothelial cells by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation in a leukotriene-independent manner. In this study, we investigated the effect of pranlukast on oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in EA.hy926 cells, a human endothelial cell line, and the possible mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that H2O2 reduced cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Necrosis was the main death mode, and the necrotic rate increased 32% after exposure to 220 μM H2O2 for 4 hours. Pretreatment with pranlukast significantly ameliorated the reduced viability and the increased lactate dehydrogenase release and necrosis after exposure to H2O2. We next examined the mechanisms underlying the antinecrotic effects of pranlukast. The results showed that pranlukast attenuated excessive ROS production and ameliorated the reduced superoxide dismuase and glutathione peroxidase activity in EA.hy926 cells exposed to H2O2. Pranlukast also inhibited the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) induced by H2O2. Inhibition of ROS production by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a powerful antioxidant, reduced MMP collapse and necrosis. Inhibition of MMP collapse by cyclosporine A, a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor, attenuated necrosis but failed to reduce ROS production. In addition, we found no expression of 5-lipoxygenase in EA.hy926 cells and zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not affect the cellular injury induced by H2O2. CONCLUSION Pranlukast protects endothelial cells from H2O2-induced necrosis by inhibiting ROS-mediated collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and this is leukotriene-independent.
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Lee HZ, Bau DT, Kuo CL, Tsai RY, Chen YC, Chang YH. Clarification of the phenotypic characteristics and anti-tumor activity of Hedyotis diffusa. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 39:201-13. [PMID: 21213409 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11008750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Rubiaceae) is an important folk herb used to prevent and cure hepatitis and liver cancer in Taiwan. For differentiation of H. diffusa from counterfeits, macroscopic and microscopic characters of H. diffusa, H. corymbosa and H. tenelliflora were examined in this study. According to Trypan blue exclusion assay and Western blot analysis, H. diffusa had a significant inhibition of cell growth and induction of cell apoptosis in COLO 205 (colon cancer), Hep 3B (hepatocellular carcinoma) and H460 (lung cancer) cell lines. This study also used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the quality control of H. diffusa. The HPLC data showed that ursolic and oleanolic acid are the components of the H. diffusa, consisting of approximately 4.66-4.80% and 1.86-1.96%, respectively. Our study also demonstrated that ursolic acid has significant anti-tumor activity in COLO 205, Hep 3B and H460 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ramos AA, Pereira-Wilson C, Collins AR. Protective effects of ursolic acid and luteolin against oxidative DNA damage include enhancement of DNA repair in Caco-2 cells. Mutat Res 2010; 692:6-11. [PMID: 20659486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of developing a wide range of cancers including colon cancer. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two compounds present in fruits and vegetables, ursolic acid, a triterpenoid, and luteolin, a flavonoid, on DNA protection and DNA repair in Caco-2 cells using the comet assay. Ursolic acid and luteolin showed a protective effect against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage. Repair rate (rejoining of strand breaks) after treatment with H(2)O(2) was increased by pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells for 24h with ursolic acid or luteolin. To evaluate effects on induction of base oxidation, we exposed cells to the photosensitizer Ro 19-8022 plus visible light to induce 8-oxoguanine. Luteolin protected against this damage in Caco-2 cells after a short period of incubation. We also measured the incision activity of a cell extract from Caco-2 cells treated for 24h with test compounds, on a DNA substrate containing specific damage (8-oxoGua), to evaluate effects on base excision repair activity. Preincubation for 24h with ursolic acid enhanced incision activity in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that ursolic acid and luteolin not only protect DNA from oxidative damage but also increase repair activity in Caco-2 cells. These effects of ursolic acid and luteolin may contribute to their anti-carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Ramos
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:466-74. [PMID: 20827086 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833f3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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