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Deng L, Wei SL, Wang L, Huang JQ. Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Prevented Influenza-Induced Lung Inflammation via the RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9782-9794. [PMID: 38597360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation contributes significantly to the mortality in acute respiratory infections. Our previous research has demonstrated that maize bran feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) possess notable anti-inflammatory properties linked to the NF-kB pathway regulation. In this study, we clarified that the oral administration of FOs moderately inhibited H1N1 virus infection and reduced lung inflammation in influenza-infected mice by decreasing a wide spectrum of cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-23) in the lungs. The mechanism involves FOs suppressing the transduction of the RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3 signaling pathway, subsequently lowering the expression of NF-κB. In silico analysis suggests that FOs have a greater binding affinity for the RIG-I/MAVS signaling complex. This indicates that FOs have potential as promising targets for immune modulation. Moreover, in MAVS knockout mice, we confirmed that the anti-inflammatory function of FOs against influenza depends on MAVS. Comprehensive analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolite profiling techniques showed that FOs have the potential to restore immunity by modulating the gut microbiota. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that FOs are effective anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in inhibiting lung inflammation caused by influenza. This suggests that FOs could serve as a potential nutritional strategy for preventing the H1N1 virus infection and associated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu-Lei Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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2
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Yin X, Xiang Y, Huang F, Chen Y, Ding H, Du J, Chen X, Wang X, Wei X, Cai Y, Gao W, Guo D, Alolga RN, Kan X, Zhang B, Alejo‐Jacuinde G, Li P, Tran LP, Herrera‐Estrella L, Lu X, Qi L. Comparative genomics of the medicinal plants Lonicera macranthoides and L. japonica provides insight into genus genome evolution and hederagenin-based saponin biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2209-2223. [PMID: 37449344 PMCID: PMC10579715 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera macranthoides (LM) and L. japonica (LJ) are medicinal plants widely used in treating viral diseases, such as COVID-19. Although the two species are morphologically similar, their secondary metabolite profiles are significantly different. Here, metabolomics analysis showed that LM contained ~86.01 mg/g hederagenin-based saponins, 2000-fold higher than LJ. To gain molecular insights into its secondary metabolite production, a chromosome-level genome of LM was constructed, comprising 9 pseudo-chromosomes with 40 097 protein-encoding genes. Genome evolution analysis showed that LM and LJ were diverged 1.30-2.27 million years ago (MYA). The two plant species experienced a common whole-genome duplication event that occurred ∼53.9-55.2 MYA before speciation. Genes involved in hederagenin-based saponin biosynthesis were arranged in clusters on the chromosomes of LM and they were more highly expressed in LM than in LJ. Among them, oleanolic acid synthase (OAS) and UDP-glycosyltransferase 73 (UGT73) families were much more highly expressed in LM than in LJ. Specifically, LmOAS1 was identified to effectively catalyse the C-28 oxidation of β-Amyrin to form oleanolic acid, the precursor of hederagenin-based saponin. LmUGT73P1 was identified to catalyse cauloside A to produce α-hederin. We further identified the key amino acid residues of LmOAS1 and LmUGT73P1 for their enzymatic activities. Additionally, comparing with collinear genes in LJ, LmOAS1 and LmUGT73P1 had an interesting phenomenon of 'neighbourhood replication' in LM genome. Collectively, the genomic resource and candidate genes reported here set the foundation to fully reveal the genome evolution of the Lonicera genus and hederagenin-based saponin biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Yaping Xiang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feng‐Qing Huang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yahui Chen
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hengwu Ding
- The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Jinfa Du
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinru Wei
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Cai
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wen Gao
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dongshu Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural ScienceNanjingChina
| | - Raphael N. Alolga
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xianzhao Kan
- The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural ScienceNanjingChina
| | - Gerardo Alejo‐Jacuinde
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Ping Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lam‐Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Luis Herrera‐Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica/ Unidad de Genómica Avanzada del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPNIrapuatoMexico
| | - Xu Lu
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lian‐Wen Qi
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
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Kong J, Kui H, Tian Y, Kong X, He T, Li Q, Gu C, Guo J, Liu C. Nephrotoxicity assessment of podophyllotoxin-induced rats by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR-Nrf2/HO1 pathway in view of toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115392. [PMID: 37651795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Adverse reactions to traditional Chinese medicine have hindered the healthy development and internationalization process of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The critical issue that needs to be solved urgently is to evaluate the safety of traditional Chinese medicine systematically and effectively. Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a highly active compound extracted from plants of the genus Podophyllum such as Dysosma versipellis (DV). However, its high toxicity and toxicity to multiple target organs affect the clinical application, such as the liver and kidney. Based on the concurrent effects of PPT's medicinal activity and toxicity, it would be a good example to conduct a systematic review of its safety. Therefore, this study revolves around the Toxicological Evidence Chain (TEC) concept. Based on PPT as the main toxic constituent in DV, observe the objective toxicity impairment phenotype of animals. Evaluate the serum biochemical indicators and pathological tissue sections for substantial toxic damage results. Using metabolomics, lipidomics, and network toxicology to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of PPT from multiple perspectives systematically. The results showed that PPT-induced nephrotoxicity manifested as renal tubular damage, mainly affecting metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. PPT inhibits the autophagy process of kidney cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO1 pathways and induces the activation of oxidative stress in the body, thereby causing nephrotoxic injury. This study fully verified the feasibility of the TEC concept for the safety and toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Provide a research template for systematically evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Kong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China; Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongqian Kui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China; Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunyu Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jinhe Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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Martín Giménez VM, Modrego J, Gómez-Garre D, Manucha W, de las Heras N. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Modulation and Approaches for Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12249. [PMID: 37569625 PMCID: PMC10419057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical underlying mechanisms associated with COVID-19 that contribute to the complications and clinical deterioration of patients. Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to alter the composition of patients' gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased abundance of bacteria with probiotic effects. Interestingly, certain strains of these bacteria produce metabolites that can target the S protein of other coronaviruses, thereby preventing their transmission and harmful effects. At the same time, the presence of gut dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates the disease. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota can metabolize various foods and drugs, producing by-products that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. In this regard, a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, can influence the overall inflammatory and oxidative state, affecting the prevention, treatment, or worsening of COVID-19. This review aims to explore the current evidence regarding gut dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19, its association with inflammation and oxidative stress, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the potential of gut microbiota modulation in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that gut microbiota has demonstrated high adaptability, exploring ways and strategies to maintain good intestinal health, as well as an appropriate diversity and composition of the gut microbiome, becomes crucial in the battle against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan 5400, Argentina;
| | - Javier Modrego
- Laboratorio de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Microbiota, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre
- Laboratorio de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Microbiota, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina;
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yang X, Yu A, Hu W, Zhang Z, Ruan Y, Kuang H, Wang M. Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Application of the Polysaccharides from Lonicera japonica Thunb.: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4828. [PMID: 37375383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a widely distributed plant with ornamental, economic, edible, and medicinal values. L. japonica is a phytoantibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a potent therapeutic effect on various infectious diseases. The anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-depression, antioxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-gout, and anti-alcohol-addiction effects of L. japonica can also be explained by bioactive polysaccharides isolated from this plant. Several researchers have determined the molecular weight, chemical structure, and monosaccharide composition and ratio of L. japonica polysaccharides by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and chromatography. This article searched in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI databases within the last 12 years, using "Lonicera. japonica polysaccharides", "Lonicera. japonica Thunb. polysaccharides", and "Honeysuckle polysaccharides" as the key word, systematically reviewed the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship, and health benefits of L. japonica polysaccharides to provide insights for future studies. Further, we elaborated on the potential applications of L. japonica polysaccharides in the food, medicine, and daily chemical industry, such as using L. japonica as raw material to make lozenges, soy sauce and toothpaste, etc. This review will be a useful reference for the further optimization of functional products developed from L. japonica polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Aiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhaojiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
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6
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Zhang Q, Bai Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhang L, Tang Y, Yue S. Role of herbal medicine and gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116127. [PMID: 36603782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a common metabolic dysfunction disease, which is highly correlated with the homeostasis of gut microbiota (GM). The dysregulation of GM on energy metabolism, immune response, insulin resistance and endogenous metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids) can affect the occurrence and development of obesity. Herbal medicine (HM) has particular advantages and definite therapeutic effects in the prevention and treatment of obesity, but its underlying mechanism is not fully clear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, the representative basic and clinical anti-obesity studies associated with the homeostasis of GM regulated by HM including active components, single herb and herbal formulae were summarized and discussed. We aim to provide a state of art reference for the mechanism research of HM in treating obesity and the further development of new anti-obesity drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information was collected by searching keywords (obesity, herbal medicine, prescriptions, mechanism, GM, short chain fatty acids, etc.) from scientific databases (CNKI, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, SciFinder, etc.). RESULTS GM dysbiosis did occur in obese patients and mice, whiles the intervention of GM could ameliorate the condition of obesity. HM (e.g., berberine, Ephedra sinica, Rehjnannia glutinosa, and Buzhong Yiqi prescription) has been proved to possess a certain regulation on GM and an explicit effect on obesity, but the exact mechanism of HM in improving obesity by regulating GM remains superficial. CONCLUSION GM is involved in HM against obesity, and GM can be a novel therapeutic target for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Yaya Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Shijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
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Nasir Ahmed M, Hughes K. Role of ethno-phytomedicine knowledge in healthcare of COVID-19: advances in traditional phytomedicine perspective. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:96. [PMID: 35966214 PMCID: PMC9362587 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, ethnomedicinal plants have been used in diverse geographical locations for their purported prophylactic and pharmacological effects. Medicinal plants have been relied on by people around the globe for centuries, as 80% of the world’s population rely on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care needs, according to the World Health Organization.
Main body This review portrays advances in traditional phytomedicine by bridging the knowledge of ethno-phytomedicine and COVID-19 healthcare. Ethnomedicinal plants have been used for symptoms related to COVID-19 as antiviral, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, and lung–gut immune boosters. Traditionally used medicinal plants have the ability to inhibit virus entry and viral assembly, bind to spike proteins, membrane proteins, and block viral replications and enzymes. The efficacy of traditional medicinal plants in the terms of COVID-19 management can be evaluated by in vitro, in vivo as well as different in silico techniques (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning, etc.) which have been applied extensively to the quest and design of effective biotherapeutics rapidly. Other advances in traditional phytomedicines against COVID-19 are controlled clinical trials, and notably the roles in the gut microbiome. Targeting the gut microbiome via medicinal plants as prebiotics is also found to be an alternative and potential strategy in the search for a COVID-19 combat strategy. Conclusions Since medicinal plants are the sources of modern biotherapeutics development, it is essential to build collaborations among ethnobotanists, scientists, and technologists toward developing the most efficient and the safest adjuvant therapeutics against the pandemic of the twenty-first century, COVID-19.
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Liu Y, Xia K, Liu S, Wang W, Li G. Ginseng as a Key Immune Response Modulator in Chinese Medicine: From Antipandemic History to COVID-19 Management. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 51:19-34. [PMID: 36419254 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine storm plays an indispensable role in the severe and critical illness and death of the COVID-19 vulnerable population. Thus, suppressing the cytokine storm is of great significance. Ginseng is a traditional Chinese herb originally used for improving physiological conditions and ameliorating disease. Common throughout the history of ancient Chinese medicine is utilizing ginseng as a major ingredient to successfully fight various pandemics, and the most famous decoction is Renshen Baidu powder. In recent years, ginseng has been observed to provide preventive and therapeutic benefits in the treatment of various conditions by suppressing hyper-inflammation, inhibiting virus intrusion, and balancing the host's immunity. This paper summarizes the ancient Chinese medicine books' recordings of, the clinical practice of, and the laboratory exploration of ginseng for the treatment of pandemics and COVID-19. Ginseng and its active ingredients were found to downregulate inflammatory cytokines, upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines, stimulate the secretion of the antiviral cytokine IFN-[Formula: see text], prevent viral entry and replication, and improve viral clearance. Furthermore, ginseng modulates both natural and acquired immunity during viral infection. Collectively, we propose that ginseng can act as a key immune response modulator against the cytokine storm of COVID-19. This paper may provide a new approach to discover specific medications using ginseng to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Shixu Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Guangxi Li
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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9
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Xu P, Yang Z, Du S, Hong Z, Zhong S. Intestinal microbiota analysis and network pharmacology reveal the mechanism by which Lianhua Qingwen capsule improves the immune function of mice infected with influenza A virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035941. [PMID: 36504796 PMCID: PMC9732014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LHQW) can attenuate lung injury caused by influenza virus infection. However, it is unclear whether the intestinal microbiota plays a role in LHQW activity in ameliorating viral infectious pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in LHQW activity in ameliorating viral infectious pneumonia and its possible mechanisms. Research design and methods A mouse model of influenza A viral pneumonia was established by intranasal administration in BALB/c mice. Detection of influenza virus in the lungs, pathological examination of the lungs and small intestine, and biochemical detection of inflammatory indices were performed. The effects of LHQW on intestinal microbiota were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The key components and targets of LHQW were screened via network pharmacology and verified through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and free binding energy calculations. Results Body weight decreased, inflammatory factor levels were disturbed, and the lung and intestinal mucosal barriers were significantly injured in the infected group. The alpha diversity of the intestinal microbiota decreased, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, and Streptococcus decreased significantly. LHQW treatment reduced the viral load in the lungs, rescued body weight and survival, alleviated lung and intestinal mucosal barrier injury, reversed the reduction in the intestinal microbiota alpha diversity, and significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Muribaculaceae. Network pharmacological analysis showed that six active herbal medicinal compounds from LHQW could regulate the intestinal microbiota and inhibit the immune-inflammatory response through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathways in the lungs. Conclusion These results suggest that LHQW is effective for treating influenza A virus infectious pneumonia, and the mechanism is associated with the regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in the lungs by restoring intestinal microbiota and repairing the intestinal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | | | - Zongyuan Hong
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,*Correspondence: Zongyuan Hong,
| | - Shuzhi Zhong
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,Shuzhi Zhong,
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10
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Jiao G, Fan X, Wang Y, Weng N, Ouyang L, Wang H, Pan S, Huang D, Han J, Zhang F, Chen W. Dissection of the Active Ingredients and Potential Mechanism of Han-Shi-Yu-Fei-Decoction in Treating COVID-19 Based on In Vivo Substances Profiling and Clinical Symptom-Guided Network Pharmacology. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36598-36610. [PMID: 36268464 PMCID: PMC9578366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of Han-Shi-Yu-Fei-decoction (HSYFD) for treating patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on clinical symptom-guided network pharmacology. Experimentally, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was used to profile the chemical components and the absorbed prototype constituents in rat serum after its oral administration, and 11 out of 108 compounds were identified. Calculatingly, the disease targets of Han-Shi-Yu-Fei symptoms of COVID-19 were constructed through the TCMIP V2.0 database. The subsequent network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis explored the molecular mechanism of the absorbed prototype constituents in the treatment of COVID-19. A total of 42 HSYFD targets oriented by COVID-19 clinical symptom were obtained, with EGFR, TP53, TNF, JAK2, NR3C1, TH, COMT, and DRD2 as the core targets. Enriched pathway analysis yielded multiple COVID-19-related signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and JAK-STAT pathway. Molecular docking showed that the key compounds, such as 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and scopoletin, had high binding activity to the core targets like COMT, JAK2, and NR3C1. Our work also verified the feasibility of clinical symptom-guided network pharmacology analysis of chemical compounds, and provided a possible agreement between the points of views of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Jiao
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangcheng Fan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, (Second Military Medical University), Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yejian Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese
Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Weng
- Department
of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, (Second Military Medical University), Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- School
of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang
Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 11001, China
| | - Luolan Ouyang
- School of
Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- School of
Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sihan Pan
- School of
Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, (Second Military Medical
University), Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, (Second Military Medical University), Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department
of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese
Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, (Second Military Medical University), Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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He Q, Shi Y, Tang Q, Xing H, Zhang H, Wang M, Chen X. Herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the gut-lung axis. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:172-183. [PMID: 37808350 PMCID: PMC9746256 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory symptoms are most commonly experienced by patients in the early stages of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with a better understanding of COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting have attracted increasing attention. The gastrointestinal tract may be a target organ of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The intestinal microecological balance is a crucial factor for homeostasis, including immunity and inflammation, which are closely related to COVID-19. Herbal medicine can restore intestinal function and regulate the gut flora structure. Herbal medicine has a long history of treating lung diseases from the perspective of the intestine, which is called the gut-lung axis. The physiological activities of guts and lungs influence each other through intestinal flora, microflora metabolites, and mucosal immunity. Microecological modulators are included in the diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19. In this review, we demonstrate the relationship between COVID-19 and the gut, gut-lung axis, and the role of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases originating from the intestinal tract. It is expected that the significance of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases from the perspective of the intestinal tract could lead to new ideas and methods for treatment. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University/SU Biomedicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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12
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Ma L, Zhao X, Liu T, Wang Y, Wang J, Kong L, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Chen L, Zhang H. Xuanfei Baidu decoction attenuates intestinal disorders by modulating NF-κB pathway, regulating T cell immunity and improving intestinal flora. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154100. [PMID: 35489324 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have shown that gastrointestinal manifestations co-exist with respiratory symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Xuanfei Baidu decoction (XFBD) was recommended by the National Health Commission to treat mild and moderate COVID-19 patients and proved to effectively alleviate intestinal symptoms. However, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed at exploring potential mechanisms of XFBD by utilizing a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis, mimicking the disease conditions of intestinal microecological disorders. METHODS The network pharmacology approach was employed to identify the potential targets and pathways of XFBD on the intestinal disorders. Mice with DSS-induced intestinal disorders were utilized to evaluate the protective effect of XFBD in vivo, including body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, spleen weight, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. Colon tissues were used to perform hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, western blot analysis, and transcriptome sequencing. Macrophages, neutrophils and the proportions of T helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Intestinal contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis indicated that XFBD inhibited the progression of COVID-19-related intestinal diseases by repressing inflammation. In mice with DSS-induced intestinal inflammation, XFBD treatment significantly reduced weight loss, the spleen index, the disease activity index, TNF-α levels, and colonic tissue damage, and prevented colon shortening. Transcriptomics and flow cytometry results suggested that XFBD remodeled intestinal immunity by downregulating the Th1/Th2 ratio. Western blot analysis showed that XFBD exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Indicator analysis of microbiota showed that 75 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were affected after XFBD administration. Among them, Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Enterorhabdus were simultaneously negatively correlated with intestinal disorders' parameters, and Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Eubacterium nodatum,Turicibacter, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1, showed positive correlations with intestinal disorders' parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that XFBD treatment attenuated intestinal disorders associated with inhibiting inflammation, remodeling of intestinal immunity, and improving intestinal flora. These findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of XFBD and offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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13
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Gao J, Xiao G, Fan G, Zhang H, Zhu Y, lu: M. “三药三方”治疗COVID-19的临床和药理研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Akhmedov VA. Correction of intestinal microbial composition disturbances as a potential link in complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:277-282. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The article reflects the potential for correcting intestinal microbiota disorders in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. It has been noted that the inclusion of dietary fiber in the diet contributes to protection against disruption of the integrity of the intestinal barrier and may limit bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation. The possibility of using psyllium (Mucofalk) is reflected, the action of which is realized both through its sorption, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in viral lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and through stimulation of the own beneficial intestinal microbiota. The paper presents studies of the prospects for the use of probiotics, synbiotics in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. Detailed data are provided on the mechanisms of the positive effect of short-chain fatty acid preparations on reducing the severity of the disease in patients with COVID-19. It was noted that taking the drug Zacofalk leads to a significant increase in its own butyrate-producing microbiota (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and suppression of the growth of opportunistic flora with pro-inflammatory activity. The results of a recent study are presented showing that in patients with a mild course of COVID infection with respiratory and intestinal symptoms, the administration of Zakofalk for 30 days (3 tablets per day) led to significantly faster stool normalization (by day 7), persistent normalization of the frequency and consistency of stools by the 21st day and a significantly more pronounced regression of bloating and abdominal pain, as well as a decrease in the risk of developing post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.
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15
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Sun X, Wang D, Wei L, Ding L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Kong Y, Yang J, Sun L, Sun L. Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti- Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:791466. [PMID: 34950611 PMCID: PMC8688933 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed the presence in animals of a bidirectional regulatory “lung-gut axis” that provides resistance to respiratory infections. Clues to the existence of this system stem from observations that respiratory infections are often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, whereby intestinal microbiota appear to play pivotal roles in combating pathogenic infections. Importantly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota appear to serve as the biological link between host immune defenses and gut flora. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn), the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections, is involved in more than 1.189 million deaths per year. QingFei Yin (QFY) is known for its excellent therapeutic efficacy in combating bacterial lung infections. In this study, effects of S.pn infection on gut homeostasis were assessed using 16S RNA-based microbiota community profiling analysis. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying QFY recipe beneficial therapeutic effects against bacterial pneumonia were explored using S.pn-infected gut microbiota-depleted mice. Results of data analysis indicated that QFY treatment alleviated lung infection-associated pathogenic processes, while also promoting repair of disordered gut flora and counteracting S.pn infection-associated decreases in levels of SCFAs, particularly of acetate and butyrate. Mechanistically, QFY treatment suppressed inflammatory lung injury through inhibition of the host NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway. These results inspired us to identify precise QFY targets and mechanisms underlying QFY anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, we conducted an in-depth evaluation of QFY as a potential treatment for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China., Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhong Ding
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yibu Kong
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China., Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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16
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Lyu M, Fan G, Xiao G, Wang T, Xu D, Gao J, Ge S, Li Q, Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Cui Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhang B. Traditional Chinese medicine in COVID-19. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3337-3363. [PMID: 34567957 PMCID: PMC8450055 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe, posing an enormous threat to public health and safety. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in combination with Western medicine (WM), has made important and lasting contributions in the battle against COVID-19. In this review, updated clinical effects and potential mechanisms of TCM, presented in newly recognized three distinct phases of the disease, are summarized and discussed. By integrating the available clinical and preclinical evidence, the efficacies and underlying mechanisms of TCM on COVID-19, including the highly recommended three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas, are described in a panorama. We hope that this comprehensive review not only provides a reference for health care professionals and the public to recognize the significant contributions of TCM for COVID-19, but also serves as an evidence-based in-depth summary and analysis to facilitate understanding the true scientific value of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Taiyi Wang
- Oxford Chinese Medicine Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qingling Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Oxford Chinese Medicine Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanlu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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