1
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Kirkpatrick C, Lu YCW. Deciphering CD4 + T cell-mediated responses against cancer. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1209-1220. [PMID: 38725218 PMCID: PMC11166516 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
It's been long thought that CD8+ cytotoxic T cells play a major role in T cell-mediated antitumor responses, whereas CD4+ T cells merely provide some assistance to CD8+ T cells as the "helpers." In recent years, numerous studies support the notion that CD4+ T cells play an indispensable role in antitumor responses. Here, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the roles of CD4+ T cells in antitumor responses and immunotherapy, with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind these observations. These new insights on CD4+ T cells may pave the way to further optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kirkpatrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yong-Chen William Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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2
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Li Y, Zhang C, Jiang A, Lin A, Liu Z, Cheng X, Wang W, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Wei T, Luo P. Potential anti-tumor effects of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment: a review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:293. [PMID: 38509593 PMCID: PMC10953261 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor FoxP3 are essential for maintaining immunological balance and are a significant component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) technology has shown that Tregs exhibit significant plasticity and functional diversity in various tumors within the TME. This results in Tregs playing a dual role in the TME, which is not always centered around supporting tumor progression as typically believed. Abundant data confirms the anti-tumor activities of Tregs and their correlation with enhanced patient prognosis in specific types of malignancies. In this review, we summarize the potential anti-tumor actions of Tregs, including suppressing tumor-promoting inflammatory responses and boosting anti-tumor immunity. In addition, this study outlines the spatial and temporal variations in Tregs function to emphasize that their predictive significance in malignancies may change. It is essential to comprehend the functional diversity and potential anti-tumor effects of Tregs to improve tumor therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiangshu Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road. Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongiiang, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Wei
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Rathore AS, Chirmule N, Dash R, Chowdhury A. Current status and future prospective of breast cancer immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:293-326. [PMID: 38762272 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is complicated, interconnected, and offers a powerful defense system that protects its host from foreign pathogens. Immunotherapy involves boosting the immune system to kill cancer cells, and nowadays, is a major emerging treatment for cancer. With the advances in our understanding of the immunology of cancer, there has been an explosion of studies to develop and evaluate therapies that engage the immune system in the fight against cancer. Nevertheless, conventional therapies have been effective in reducing tumor burden and prolonging patient life, but the overall efficacy of these treatment regimens has been somewhat mixed and often with severe side effects. A common reason for this is the activation of molecular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of anti-tumor effector cells. The competency to block tumor escape entirely depends on our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways which operate in the tumor microenvironment. Numerous strategies have been developed for activating the immune system to kill tumor cells. Breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death in women, and is characterized by complex molecular and cellular events that closely intertwine with the host immune system. In this regard, predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy, use of nanotechnology, personalized cancer vaccines, antibodies to checkpoint inhibitors, engineered chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, and the combination with other therapeutic modalities have transformed cancer therapy and optimized the therapeutic effect. In this chapter, we will offer a holistic view of the different therapeutic modalities and recent advances in immunotherapy. Additionally, we will summarize the recent advances and future prospective of breast cancer immunotherapies, as a case study.
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4
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Chamorro DF, Somes LK, Hoyos V. Engineered Adoptive T-Cell Therapies for Breast Cancer: Current Progress, Challenges, and Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 38201551 PMCID: PMC10778447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, and novel treatment approaches are critically needed. This review presents an in-depth analysis of engineered adoptive T-cell therapies (E-ACTs), an innovative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their application in breast cancer. We explore the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies, highlighting their potential and challenges in targeting breast cancer. The review addresses key obstacles such as target antigen selection, the complex breast cancer tumor microenvironment, and the persistence of engineered T-cells. We discuss the advances in overcoming these barriers, including strategies to enhance T-cell efficacy. Finally, our comprehensive analysis of the current clinical trials in this area provides insights into the future possibilities and directions of E-ACTs in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Chamorro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Lauren K. Somes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Jiang W, Wu R, Yang T, Yu S, Xing W. Profiling regulatory T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer via radiomics. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21861-21872. [PMID: 38083903 PMCID: PMC10757114 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate an image-driven biomarker (Rad_score) to predict tumor-infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in breast cancer (BC). METHODS Overall, 928 BC patients were enrolled from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for survival analysis; MRI (n = 71 and n = 30 in the training and validation sets, respectively) from the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) were retrieved and subjected to repeat least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for feature reduction. The radiomic scores (rad_score) for Treg infiltration estimation were calculated via support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) algorithms, and validated on the remaining patients. RESULTS Landmark analysis indicated Treg infiltration was a risk factor for BC patients in the first 5 years and after 10 years of diagnosis (p = 0.007 and 0.018, respectively). Altogether, 108 radiomic features were extracted from MRI images, 4 of which remained for model construction. Areas under curves (AUCs) of the SVM model were 0.744 (95% CI 0.622-0.867) and 0.733 (95% CI 0.535-0.931) for training and validation sets, respectively, while for the LR model, AUCs were 0.771 (95% CI 0.657-0.885) and 0.724 (95% CI 0.522-0.926). The calibration curves indicated good agreement between prediction and true value (p > 0.05), and DCA shows the high clinical utility of the radiomic model. Rad_score was significantly correlated with immune inhibitory genes like CTLA4 and PDCD1. CONCLUSIONS High Treg infiltration is a risk factor for patients with BC. The Rad_score formulated on radiomic features is a novel tool to predict Treg abundance in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Jiang
- Department of RadiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Ruoxi Wu
- Department of RadiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Breast SurgeryGansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Department of RadiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of RadiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
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6
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Shariatmadar Taleghani A, Zohrab Beigi Y, Zare-Mirakabad F, Masoudi-Nejad A. Exploring ceRNA networks for key biomarkers in breast cancer subtypes and immune regulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20795. [PMID: 38012271 PMCID: PMC10682442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major global health concern, and recent researches have highlighted the critical roles of non-coding RNAs in both cancer and the immune system. The competing endogenous RNA hypothesis suggests that various types of RNA, including coding and non-coding RNAs, compete for microRNA targets, acting as molecular sponges. This study introduces the Pre_CLM_BCS pipeline to investigate the potential of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer subtypes. The pipeline identifies specific modules within each subtype that contain at least one long non-coding RNA or circular RNA exhibiting significantly distinct expression patterns when compared to other subtypes. The results reveal potential biomarker genes for each subtype, such as circ_001845, circ_001124, circ_003925, circ_000736, and circ_003996 for the basal-like subtype, circ_00306 and circ_00128 for the luminal B subtype, circ_000709 and NPHS1 for the normal-like subtype, CAMKV and circ_001855 for the luminal A subtype, and circ_00128 and circ_00173 for the HER2+ subtype. Additionally, certain long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, including RGS5-AS1, C6orf223, HHLA3-AS1, circ_000349, circ_003996, circ_003925, circ_002665, circ_001855, and DLEU1, are identified as potential regulators of T cell mechanisms, underscoring their importance in understanding breast cancer progression in various subtypes. This pipeline provides valuable insights into cancer and immune-related processes in breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shariatmadar Taleghani
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Zohrab Beigi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare-Mirakabad
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic Tehran), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Akshaya RL, Saranya I, Selvamurugan N. MicroRNAs mediated interaction of tumor microenvironment cells with breast cancer cells during bone metastasis. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:910-925. [PMID: 37578597 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) bone metastasis is primarily osteolytic and has limited therapeutic options. Metastasized BC cells prime the secondary environment in bone by forming a tumor niche, which favors their homing and colonization. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is primarily generated by the cancer cells. Bone TME is an intricate network of multiple cells, including altered bone, tumor, stromal, and immune cells. Recent findings highlight the significance of small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in influencing TME during tumor metastasis. MiRNAs from TME-resident cells facilitate the interaction between the tumor and its microenvironment, thereby regulating the biological processes of tumors. These miRNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Hence, both miRNA inhibitors and mimics are extensively utilized in pre-clinical trials for modulating the phenotypes of tumor cells and associated stromal cells. This review briefly summarizes the recent developments on the functional role of miRNAs secreted directly or indirectly from the TME-resident cells in facilitating tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. This information would be beneficial in developing novel targeted therapies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Saranya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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CD4 + T cells in cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:317-329. [PMID: 36894637 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunology and immunotherapy are driving forces of research and development in oncology, mostly focusing on CD8+ T cells and the tumor microenvironment. Recent progress highlights the importance of CD4+ T cells, corresponding to the long-known fact that CD4+ T cells are central players and coordinators of innate and antigen-specific immune responses. Moreover, they have now been recognized as anti-tumor effector cells in their own right. Here we review the current status of CD4+ T cells in cancer, which hold great promise for improving knowledge and therapies in cancer.
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9
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Karami Fath M, Garousi S, Mottahedi M, Ghasemzadeh N, Salmani K, Olfati F, Beit Saeed M, Sotoudeh S, Barati G. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in breast cancer stem cell specification. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154349. [PMID: 36791562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumor is heterogeneous cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Despite new efforts to reduce the breast cancer implications, the number of newly diagnosed cases is increasing worldwide. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the implication of cancers including breast cancer. Although CSCs compose a small population in tumor bulks, they play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. These events are mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway which regulates the transcription of genes involved in CSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which hypoxia- or chemotherapy-induced HIFs promote breast CSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Kiana Salmani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Olfati
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miad Beit Saeed
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sina Sotoudeh
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
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10
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Deb S, Chakrabarti A, Fox SB. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Familial Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041346. [PMID: 36831687 PMCID: PMC9953970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of breast cancers arise within a familial context, either with known inherited germline mutations largely within DNA repair genes, or with a strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer, with unknown genetic underlying mechanisms. These cancers appear to be different to sporadic cases, with earlier age of onset, increased multifocality and with association with specific breast cancer histological and phenotypic subtypes. Furthermore, tumours showing homologous recombination deficiency, due to loss of BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and CHEK2 function, have been shown to be especially sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapeutics and PARP inhibition. While there is extensive research and data accrued on risk stratification and genetic predisposition, there are few data pertaining to relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers within this breast cancer subgroup. The following is a review of such biomarkers in male and female familial breast cancer, although the data for the former are particularly sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Deb
- Anatpath, Gardenvale, VIC 3185, Australia
- Monash Health Pathology, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Stephen B. Fox
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Mebourne, Melbourne, VIC 3101, Australia
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Zhang X, Wu J, Hu C, Zheng X, Guo Z, Li L. CXCL11 negatively regulated by MED19 favours antitumour immune infiltration in breast cancer. Cytokine 2023; 162:156106. [PMID: 36512935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through microarray results, we found that the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11) was negatively regulated by mediator complex subunit 19 (MED19), a protumour factor. However, the biological role and potential mechanism of CXCL11 need to be explored in breast cancer (BRCA). METHODS The BRCA dataset was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Our microarray data and the BRCA dataset of TCGA were analysed and visualized using the R software package. The mRNA and protein levels were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Inhibition of MED19 in MDA-MB-231 cells caused CXCL11 upregulation. The relative positive regulation of cytokine pathways was enriched after MED19 knockdown. High CXCL11 was determined to be positively correlated with immune response activation, increased antitumour immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecule expression, and enhanced sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Collectively, CXCL11 promoted antitumour immunity and was regulated by MED19 in BRCA. Clarifying the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of CXCL11 in BRCA could provide a theoretical basis to find new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Zhang
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Junqiang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Caixia Hu
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lihua Li
- Oncology Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.
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12
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Blomberg OS, Kos K, Spagnuolo L, Isaeva OI, Garner H, Wellenstein MD, Bakker N, Duits DE, Kersten K, Klarenbeek S, Hau CS, Kaldenbach D, Raeven EA, Vrijland K, Kok M, de Visser KE. Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade triggers persistent and systemic T reg activation which blunts therapeutic efficacy against metastatic spread of breast tumors. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2201147. [PMID: 37089449 PMCID: PMC10114978 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in advanced cancer patients have recently spurred the clinical implementation of ICB in the neoadjuvant and perioperative setting. However, how neoadjuvant ICB therapy affects the systemic immune landscape and metastatic spread remains to be established. Tumors promote both local and systemic expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are key orchestrators of tumor-induced immunosuppression, contributing to immune evasion, tumor progression and metastasis. Tregs express inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules and thus may be unintended targets for ICB therapy counteracting its efficacy. Using ICB-refractory models of spontaneous primary and metastatic breast cancer that recapitulate the poor ICB response of breast cancer patients, we observed that combined anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy inadvertently promotes proliferation and activation of Tregs in the tumor, tumor-draining lymph node and circulation. Also in breast cancer patients, Treg levels were elevated upon ICB. Depletion of Tregs during neoadjuvant ICB in tumor-bearing mice not only reshaped the intratumoral immune landscape into a state favorable for ICB response but also induced profound and persistent alterations in systemic immunity, characterized by elevated CD8+ T cells and NK cells and durable T cell activation that was maintained after treatment cessation. While depletion of Tregs in combination with neoadjuvant ICB did not inhibit primary tumor growth, it prolonged metastasis-related survival driven predominantly by CD8+ T cells. This study demonstrates that neoadjuvant ICB therapy of breast cancer can be empowered by simultaneous targeting of Tregs, extending metastasis-related survival, independent of a primary tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Blomberg
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Spagnuolo
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga I. Isaeva
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Garner
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max D. Wellenstein
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noor Bakker
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danique E.M. Duits
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Kersten
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cheei-Sing Hau
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A.M. Raeven
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Vrijland
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- CONTACT Karin E. de Visser Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam1066 CX, The Netherlands
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13
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Usman AN, Ahmad M, Sinrang AW, Natsir S, Takko AB, Ariyandy A, Ilhamuddin I, Eragradini AR, Hasan II, Hasyim S. FOXP3 regulatory T cells on prognosis of breast cancer. Breast Dis 2023; 42:213-218. [PMID: 37458005 DOI: 10.3233/bd-239002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXP3 Tregs have been found in breast cancer patients, both humoral and tumor. Survival or prognosis of breast cancer patients seems to correlate with the increase and decrease in FOXP3 Treg. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide insights regarding the FOXP3 Tregs involved and their mechanisms in breast cancer prognosis. METHODS The literature study method is used from primary and secondary libraries. The library search used online-based search instruments such as NCBI-PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier. The data obtained were then arranged according to the framework, data on the relationship between FOXP3 Regulatory T Cells and breast cancer, and writing a journal review was carried out according to the given format. Regulators (Tregs) can inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Tregs also play a role in inhibiting cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells by inhibiting the release of granules from CD8+, where CD8+ is important in killing tumor cells. FOXP3 is a Treg-specific biomarker and plays an important role in the development and function of Tregs. RESULTS Studies on the presence of FOXP3+ Tregs in tumors have shown controversial results. Studies in some tumors reported the presence of FOXP3+, indicating a poor prognosis, whereas studies in other tumors found that FOXP3+ correlated with a good prognosis. CONCLUSION Regulatory T lymphocytes and TILs in invasive breast carcinoma are still not established. Therefore, further research on the Effect of FOXP3 expression of regulatory T lymphocytes on breast cancer is still important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Nilawati Usman
- Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mardiana Ahmad
- Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Wardihan Sinrang
- Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sartini Natsir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - A B Takko
- Department of Anthropology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Ariyandy
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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14
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Massa D, Tosi A, Rosato A, Guarneri V, Dieci MV. Multiplexed In Situ Spatial Protein Profiling in the Pursuit of Precision Immuno-Oncology for Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4885. [PMID: 36230808 PMCID: PMC9562913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of many solid tumors. In breast cancer (BC), immunotherapy is currently approved in combination with chemotherapy, albeit only in triple-negative breast cancer. Unfortunately, most patients only derive limited benefit from ICIs, progressing either upfront or after an initial response. Therapeutics must engage with a heterogeneous network of complex stromal-cancer interactions that can fail at imposing cancer immune control in multiple domains, such as in the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic domains. To overcome these types of heterogeneous resistance phenotypes, several combinatorial strategies are underway. Still, they can be predicted to be effective only in the subgroups of patients in which those specific resistance mechanisms are effectively in place. As single biomarker predictive performances are necessarily suboptimal at capturing the complexity of this articulate network, precision immune-oncology calls for multi-omics tumor microenvironment profiling in order to identify unique predictive patterns and to proactively tailor combinatorial treatments. Multiplexed single-cell spatially resolved tissue analysis, through precise epitope colocalization, allows one to infer cellular functional states in view of their spatial organization. In this review, we discuss-through the lens of the cancer-immunity cycle-selected, established, and emerging markers that may be evaluated in multiplexed spatial protein panels to help identify prognostic and predictive patterns in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Massa
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
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15
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Peterko AC, Rajković-Molek K, Gulić T, Vujaklija DV, Lovasić IB, Lovasić F, Mustać E, Avirović M. HSP70 In triple negative breast cancer: Prognostic value and clinical significance. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154127. [PMID: 36174439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and the highest immunogenic potential of all breast cancer subtypes. It is characterized by a lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as HER2. A major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). A chaperone heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved in several pathways that enable tumour growth and progression, as well as in immune modulation. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of HSP70 expression in immune cells, as well as expression of immunosuppressive markers CTLA4 and PD-L1 and major TILs components: CD8, CD4 and Tregs were analyzed in the superficial and deep tumor layer of primary TNBC and compared with established clinicopathological parameters. Clinical data and surgical tissue samples from 68 TNBC patients who underwent initial surgery were included in the analysis and 36 control samples from benign breast tissue biopsies. RESULTS A higher expression of TILs, CD4, CD8 and PD-L1 was found in the invasive tumor front (ITF), as compared to the tumor center (TC) (p < 0001). HSP70 positive immune cells (HSP70(+) IC) in TC were associated with adverse clinical and pathological markers: higher stage of disease (P = 0.013), higher grade (P = 0.05) and a higher pN status (P < 0.001). In addition, higher expression of HSP70(+) IC from TC was correlated with the higher expression of FOXP3(+)T cells both in ITF (N = 61, rho=0.42, p < 0.001) and in metastatic tissue from the draining lymph nodes (N = 13, rho=0.61, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION Correlations between HSP70 immune cells expression and individual TILs components support the hypothesis of its active role in inducing immunosuppression and tumor progression. Routine determination of HSP70 expression, in immune cells of TC, may be of added value in the clinical decision-making process concerning axillary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Car Peterko
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Rajković-Molek
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Tamara Gulić
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Immunology and Pathophysiology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Ingrid Belac Lovasić
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Franjo Lovasić
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Elvira Mustać
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Manuela Avirović
- Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rijeka, Croatia; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Rijeka, Croatia
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16
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Daly RJ, Scott AM, Klein O, Ernst M. Enhancing therapeutic anti-cancer responses by combining immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibition. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:189. [PMID: 36175961 PMCID: PMC9523960 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been established as the standard of care for many types of cancer, but the strategies employed have continued to evolve. Recently, much clinical focus has been on combining targeted therapies with ICI for the purpose of manipulating the immune setpoint. The latter concept describes the equilibrium between factors that promote and those that suppress anti-cancer immunity. Besides tumor mutational load and other cancer cell-intrinsic determinants, the immune setpoint is also governed by the cells of the tumor microenvironment and how they are coerced by cancer cells to support the survival and growth of the tumor. These regulatory mechanisms provide therapeutic opportunities to intervene and reduce immune suppression via application of small molecule inhibitors and antibody-based therapies against (receptor) tyrosine kinases and thereby improve the response to ICIs. This article reviews how tyrosine kinase signaling in the tumor microenvironment can promote immune suppression and highlights how therapeutic strategies directed against specific tyrosine kinases can be used to lower the immune setpoint and elicit more effective anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Oliver Klein
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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17
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Pedersen CA, Cao MD, Fleischer T, Rye MB, Knappskog S, Eikesdal HP, Lønning PE, Tost J, Kristensen VN, Tessem MB, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF. DNA methylation changes in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy are associated with breast cancer survival. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:43. [PMID: 35751095 PMCID: PMC9233373 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally advanced breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with respect to response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and survival. It is currently not possible to accurately predict who will benefit from the specific types of NACT. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism known to play an important role in regulating gene expression and may serve as a biomarker for treatment response and survival. We investigated the potential role of DNA methylation as a prognostic marker for long-term survival (> 5 years) after NACT in breast cancer. METHODS DNA methylation profiles of pre-treatment (n = 55) and post-treatment (n = 75) biopsies from 83 women with locally advanced breast cancer were investigated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. The patients received neoadjuvant treatment with epirubicin and/or paclitaxel. Linear mixed models were used to associate DNA methylation to treatment response and survival based on clinical response to NACT (partial response or stable disease) and 5-year survival, respectively. LASSO regression was performed to identify a risk score based on the statistically significant methylation sites and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was used to estimate survival probabilities using ten years of survival follow-up data. The risk score developed in our discovery cohort was validated in an independent validation cohort consisting of paired pre-treatment and post-treatment biopsies from 85 women with locally advanced breast cancer. Patients included in the validation cohort were treated with either doxorubicin or 5-FU and mitomycin NACT. RESULTS DNA methylation patterns changed from before to after NACT in 5-year survivors, while no significant changes were observed in non-survivors or related to treatment response. DNA methylation changes included an overall loss of methylation at CpG islands and gain of methylation in non-CpG islands, and these changes affected genes linked to transcription factor activity, cell adhesion and immune functions. A risk score was developed based on four methylation sites which successfully predicted long-term survival in our cohort (p = 0.0034) and in an independent validation cohort (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation patterns in breast tumors change in response to NACT. These changes in DNA methylation show potential as prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Aaserød Pedersen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Maria Dung Cao
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Nursing, Health and Laboratory Science, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway.
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten B Rye
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Eikesdal
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA - Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris Saclay, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Manfroi B, Fillatreau S. Regulatory B cells gain muscles with a leucine-rich diet. Immunity 2022; 55:970-972. [PMID: 35704998 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells infiltrate the microenvironment of solid tumors. However, their identification and characterization remain incomplete. In this issue of Immunity, Wang and colleagues characterize a new subset of leucine-induced regulatory B cells involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) immunoevasion in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Manfroi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8253, Paris, France.
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1151, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8253, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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19
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Kos K, Salvagno C, Wellenstein MD, Aslam MA, Meijer DA, Hau CS, Vrijland K, Kaldenbach D, Raeven EA, Schmittnaegel M, Ries CH, de Visser KE. Tumor-associated macrophages promote intratumoral conversion of conventional CD4 + T cells into regulatory T cells via PD-1 signalling. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2063225. [PMID: 35481289 PMCID: PMC9037432 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2063225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Salvagno
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Max D. Wellenstein
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad A. Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denize A. Meijer
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cheei-Sing Hau
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Vrijland
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A.M. Raeven
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmittnaegel
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carola H. Ries
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Kos K, Aslam MA, van de Ven R, Wellenstein MD, Pieters W, van Weverwijk A, Duits DEM, van Pul K, Hau CS, Vrijland K, Kaldenbach D, Raeven EAM, Quezada SA, Beyaert R, Jacobs H, de Gruijl TD, de Visser KE. Tumor-educated T regs drive organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer by impairing NK cells in the lymph node niche. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110447. [PMID: 35235800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is accompanied by systemic immunosuppression, which facilitates metastasis formation, but how this shapes organotropism of metastasis is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the impact of mammary tumorigenesis on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in distant organs and how this affects multi-organ metastatic disease. Using a preclinical mouse mammary tumor model that recapitulates human metastatic breast cancer, we observe systemic accumulation of activated, highly immunosuppressive Tregs during primary tumor growth. Tumor-educated Tregs show tissue-specific transcriptional rewiring in response to mammary tumorigenesis. This has functional consequences for organotropism of metastasis, as Treg depletion reduces metastasis to tumor-draining lymph nodes, but not to lungs. Mechanistically, we find that Tregs control natural killer (NK) cell activation in lymph nodes, thereby facilitating lymph node metastasis. In line, an increased Treg/NK cell ratio is observed in sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls. This study highlights that immune regulation of metastatic disease is highly organ dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad A Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max D Wellenstein
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wietske Pieters
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoinette van Weverwijk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Danique E M Duits
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Pul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cheei-Sing Hau
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Vrijland
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Raeven
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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