1
|
Wen D, Hunjan M, Bardhan A, Harper N, Ogboli M, Ozoemena L, Liu L, Fine JD, Chapple I, Balacco DL, Heagerty A. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa: Signposts to Severity. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1334-1343.e14. [PMID: 38157931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis with a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Current genotype-phenotype paradigms are insufficient to accurately predict JEB subtype and characteristics from genotype, particularly for splice site variants, which account for over a fifth of disease-causing variants in JEB. This study evaluated the genetic and clinical findings from a JEB cohort, investigating genotype-phenotype correlations through bioinformatic analyses and comparison with previously reported variants. Eighteen unique variants in LAMB3, LAMA3, LAMC2, or COL17A1 were identified from 17 individuals. Seven had severe JEB, 9 had intermediate JEB, and 1 had laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome. Seven variants were previously unreported. Deep phenotyping was completed for all intermediate JEB cases and demonstrated substantial variation between individuals. Splice site variants underwent analysis with SpliceAI, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence tool, to predict resultant transcripts. Predicted functional effects included exon skipping and cryptic splice site activation, which provided potential explanations for disease severity and in most cases correlated with laminin-332 immunofluorescence. RT-PCR was performed for 1 case to investigate resultant transcripts produced from the splice site variant. This study expands the JEB genomic and phenotypic landscape. Artificial intelligence tools show potential for predicting the functional effects of splice site variants and may identify candidates for confirmatory laboratory investigation. Investigation of RNA transcripts will help to further elucidate genotype-phenotype correlations for novel variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wen
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Manrup Hunjan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, United Kingdom
| | - Ajoy Bardhan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Harper
- Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Malobi Ogboli
- Paediatric Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Ozoemena
- National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, Synovis, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Liu
- National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, Synovis, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-David Fine
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Iain Chapple
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Dental Hospital, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre Inflammation Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dario L Balacco
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Heagerty
- Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sproule TJ, Wilpan RY, Wilson JJ, Low BE, Kabata Y, Ushiki T, Abe R, Wiles MV, Roopenian DC, Sundberg JP. Dystonin modifiers of junctional epidermolysis bullosa and models of epidermolysis bullosa simplex without dystonia musculorum. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293218. [PMID: 37883475 PMCID: PMC10602294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lamc2jeb junctional epidermolysis bullosa (EB) mouse model has been used to demonstrate that significant genetic modification of EB symptoms is possible, identifying as modifiers Col17a1 and six other quantitative trait loci, several with strong candidate genes including dystonin (Dst/Bpag1). Here, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to alter exon 23 in mouse skin specific isoform Dst-e (Ensembl GRCm38 transcript name Dst-213, transcript ID ENSMUST00000183302.5, protein size 2639AA) and validate a proposed arginine/glutamine difference at amino acid p1226 in B6 versus 129 mice as a modifier of EB. Frame shift deletions (FSD) in mouse Dst-e exon 23 (Dst-eFSD/FSD) were also identified that cause mice carrying wild-type Lamc2 to develop a phenotype similar to human EB simplex without dystonia musculorum. When combined, Dst-eFSD/FSD modifies Lamc2jeb/jeb (FSD+jeb) induced disease in unexpected ways implicating an altered balance between DST-e (BPAG1e) and a rarely reported rodless DST-eS (BPAG1eS) in epithelium as a possible mechanism. Further, FSD+jeb mice with pinnae removed are found to provide a test bed for studying internal epithelium EB disease and treatment without severe skin disease as a limiting factor while also revealing and accelerating significant nasopharynx symptoms present but not previously noted in Lamc2jeb/jeb mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Y. Wilpan
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - John J. Wilson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Low
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Yudai Kabata
- Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ushiki
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michael V. Wiles
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | | | - John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sproule TJ, Wilpan RY, Low BE, Silva KA, Reyon D, Joung JK, Wiles MV, Roopenian DC, Sundberg JP. Functional analysis of Collagen 17a1: A genetic modifier of junctional epidermolysis bullosa in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292456. [PMID: 37796769 PMCID: PMC10553217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work strongly implicated Collagen 17a1 (Col17a1) as a potent genetic modifier of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) caused by a hypomorphic mutation (Lamc2jeb) in mice. The importance of the noncollagenous domain (NC4) of COLXVII was suggested by use of a congenic reduction approach that restricted the modifier effect to 2-3 neighboring amino acid changes in that domain. The current study utilizes TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 induced amino acid replacements and in-frame indels nested to NC4 to further investigate the role of this and adjoining COLXVII domains both as modifiers and primary risk effectors. We confirm the importance of COLXVI AA 1275 S/G and 1277 N/S substitutions and utilize small nested indels to show that subtle changes in this microdomain attenuate JEB. We further show that large in-frame indels removing up to 1482 bp and 169 AA of NC6 through NC1 domains are surprisingly disease free on their own but can be very potent modifiers of Lamc2jeb/jeb JEB. Together these studies exploiting gene editing to functionally dissect the Col17a1 modifier demonstrate the importance of epistatic interactions between a primary disease-causing mutation in one gene and innocuous 'healthy' alleles in other genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Y. Wilpan
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Low
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - Deepak Reyon
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. Keith Joung
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Wiles
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sproule TJ, Philip VM, Chaudhry NA, Roopenian DC, Sundberg JP. Seven naturally variant loci serve as genetic modifiers of Lamc2jeb induced non-Herlitz junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288263. [PMID: 37437067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic disorders that compromise the structural integrity of the skin such that blisters and subsequent erosions occur after minor trauma. While primary genetic risk of all subforms of EB adhere to Mendelian patterns of inheritance, their clinical presentations and severities can vary greatly, implying genetic modifiers. The Lamc2jeb mouse model of non-Herlitz junctional EB (JEB-nH) demonstrated that genetic modifiers can contribute substantially to the phenotypic variability of JEB and likely other forms of EB. The innocuous changes in an 'EB related gene', Col17a1, have shown it to be a dominant modifier of Lamc2jeb. This work identifies six additional Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) that modify disease in Lamc2jeb/jeb mice. Three QTL include other known 'EB related genes', with the strongest modifier effect mapping to a region including the epidermal hemi-desmosomal structural gene dystonin (Dst-e/Bpag1-e). Three other QTL map to intervals devoid of known EB-associated genes. Of these, one contains the nuclear receptor coactivator Ppargc1a as its primary candidate and the others contain related genes Pparg and Igf1, suggesting modifier pathways. These results, demonstrating the potent disease modifying effects of normally innocuous genetic variants, greatly expand the landscape of genetic modifiers of EB and therapeutic approaches that may be applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sproule
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Vivek M Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Nabig A Chaudhry
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - John P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boussaha M, Boulling A, Wolgust V, Bourgeois-Brunel L, Michot P, Grohs C, Gaiani N, Grivaud PY, Leclerc H, Danchin-Burge C, Vilotte M, Rivière J, Boichard D, Gourreau JM, Capitan A. Integrin alpha 6 homozygous splice-site mutation causes a new form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa in Charolais cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:40. [PMID: 37308849 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of painful and life-threatening genetic disorders that are characterized by mechanically induced blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Congenital skin fragility resembling EB was recently reported in three Charolais calves born in two distinct herds from unaffected parents. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were carried out to describe this condition and its molecular etiology. RESULTS Genealogical, pathological and histological investigations confirmed the diagnosis of recessive EB. However, the affected calves showed milder clinical signs compared to another form of EB, which was previously reported in the same breed and is caused by a homozygous deletion of the ITGB4 gene. Homozygosity mapping followed by analysis of the whole-genome sequences of two cases and 5031 control individuals enabled us to prioritize a splice donor site of ITGA6 (c.2160 + 1G > T; Chr2 g.24112740C > A) as the most compelling candidate variant. This substitution showed a perfect genotype-phenotype correlation in the two affected pedigrees and was found to segregate only in Charolais, and at a very low frequency (f = 1.6 × 10-4) after genotyping 186,154 animals from 15 breeds. Finally, RT-PCR analyses revealed increased retention of introns 14 and 15 of the ITGA6 gene in a heterozygous mutant cow compared with a matched control. The mutant mRNA is predicted to cause a frameshift (ITGA6 p.I657Mfs1) that affects the assembly of the integrin α6β4 dimer and its correct anchoring to the cell membrane. This dimer is a key component of the hemidesmosome anchoring complex, which ensures the attachment of basal epithelial cells to the basal membrane. Based on these elements, we arrived at a diagnosis of junctional EB. CONCLUSIONS We report a rare example of partial phenocopies observed in the same breed and due to mutations that affect two members of the same protein dimer, and provide the first evidence of an ITGA6 mutation that causes EB in livestock species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mekki Boussaha
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Arnaud Boulling
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Wolgust
- Unité de Pathologie du Bétail, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Pauline Michot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Eliance, 75012, Paris, France
- Herd Book Charolais, 58470, Magny-Cours, France
| | - Cécile Grohs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Gaiani
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Grivaud
- Cabinet Vétérinaire des Monts du Charolais, 71220, Saint Bonnet de Joux, France
| | - Hélène Leclerc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Eliance, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Marthe Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marie Gourreau
- Unité de Pathologie du Bétail, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurélien Capitan
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Eliance, 75012, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kotalevskaya YY, Stepanov VA. Molecular genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:18-27. [PMID: 36923479 PMCID: PMC10009482 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external mechanical influences, the clinical signs of which are the formation of blisters, erosions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. EB is a multisystemic disease and characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum with extracutaneous complications in severe types, besides the skin and mucous membranes, with high mortality. More than 30 clinical subtypes have been identified, which are grouped into four main types: simplex EB, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome. To date, pathogenic variants in 16 different genes are associated with EB and encode proteins that are part of the skin anchoring structures or are signaling proteins. Genetic mutations cause dysfunction of cellular structures, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to mechanical instability of the skin. The formation of reduced proteins or decrease in their level leads mainly to functional disorders, forming mild or intermediate severe phenotypes. Absent protein expression is a result of null genetic variants and leads to structural abnormalities, causing a severe clinical phenotype. For most of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of EB, certain relationships have been established between the type and position of genetic variant and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Establishing an accurate diagnosis depends on the correlation of clinical, genealogical and immunohistological data in combination with molecular genetic testing. In general, the study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the disease. New advances of sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe new phenotypes and study their genetic and molecular mechanisms. This article describes the pathogenetic aspects and genes that cause main and rare syndromic subtypes of EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Kotalevskaya
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia Charitable Foundation "BELA. Butterfly Children", Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Stepanov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ivanenko AV, Evtushenko NA, Gurskaya NG. Genome Editing in Therapy of Genodermatoses. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Targeted NGS in Diagnostics of Genodermatosis Characterized by the Epidermolysis Bullosa Symptom Complex in 268 Russian Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214343. [PMID: 36430820 PMCID: PMC9698894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic variants of genes encoding proteins, participating in the formation and functioning of epidermis and dermo-epidermal junctions, create a large variety of clinical phenotypes from: small localized to severe generalized dermatitis, as well as early, or even, prenatal death due to extensive epidermis loss. The diagnostic panel in this study was developed for the purposes of identifying these pathogenic genetic variants in 268 Russian children, who possessed the epidermolysis bullosa symptom complex in a selection of 247 families. This panel included the targeted areas of 33 genes, which are genetic variants that can lead to the development of the phenotype mentioned above. The usage of next generation sequencing allowed the revelation of 192 various altered alleles (of which 109 alleles were novel, i.e., had not been described previously). In addition, it allowed the definition of the genetic variants that are both typical for most of the examined children and for the separate ethnic groups inhabiting modern Russia. We found that the most characteristic mutations for the Dargin and Chechen ethnic groups are the c.3577del deletion in the COL7A1 gene and the c.2488G>A missense mutation in the COL17A1 gene, respectively. In addition, the study of haplotypes of microsatellite markers, which we managed to conduct in the Dargin population, confirmed the presence of the founder effect.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakravarti S, Enzo E, de Barros MRM, Maffezzoni MBR, Pellegrini G. Genetic Disorders of the Extracellular Matrix: From Cell and Gene Therapy to Future Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:193-222. [PMID: 35537467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans have evolved to produce various types of extracellular matrix (ECM) that provide structural support, cell adhesion, cell-cell communication, and regulated exposure to external cues. Epithelial cells produce and adhere to a specialized sheet-like ECM, the basement membrane, that is critical for cellular homeostasis and tissue integrity. Mesenchymal cells, such as chondrocytes in cartilaginous tissues and keratocytes in the corneal stroma, produce a pericellular matrix that presents optimal levels of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and nutrients to the cell and regulates mechanosensory signals through specific cytoskeletal and cell surface receptor interactions. Here, we discuss laminins, collagen types IV and VII, and perlecan, which are major components of these two types of ECM. We examine genetic defects in these components that cause basement membrane pathologies such as epidermolysis bullosa, Alport syndrome, rare pericellular matrix-related chondrodysplasias, and corneal keratoconus and discuss recent advances in cell and gene therapies being developed for some of these disorders. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | - Elena Enzo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; , ,
| | - Maithê Rocha Monteiro de Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maseda Pedrero R, Quintana Castanedo L, Pérez Conde I, Jiménez González M, Escámez Toledano M, de Lucas Laguna R. Epidermolysis Bullosa in Spain: Observational Study of a Cohort of Patients Treated in a National Referral Center. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
Ryumina II, Goryunov KV, Silachev DN, Shevtsova YA, Babenko VA, Marycheva NM, Kotalevskaya YY, Zubkov VV, Zubkov GT. Pathogenetic Therapy of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Current State and Prospects. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:109-121. [PMID: 34050833 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a severe hereditary disease caused by mutations in genes encoding cutaneous basement membrane proteins. These mutations lead to dermal-epidermal junction failure and, as a result, to disturbances in the morphological integrity of the skin. Clinically, it manifests in the formation of blisters on the skin or mucosa that in some cases can turn into non-healing chronic wounds, which not only impairs patient's quality of life, but also is a live-threatening condition. Now, the main approaches in the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa are symptomatic therapy and palliative care, though they are little effective and are aimed at reducing the pain, but not to complete recovery. In light of this, the development of new treatment approaches aimed at correction of genetic defects is in progress. Various methods based on genetic engineering technologies, transplantation of autologous skin cells, progenitor skin cells, as well as hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells are studied. This review analyzes the pathogenetic methods developed for epidermolysis bullosa treatment based on the latest achievements of molecular genetics and cellular technologies, and discusses the prospects for the use of these technologies for the therapy of epidermolysis bullosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I I Ryumina
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Goryunov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Silachev
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
- A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu A Shevtsova
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Babenko
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N M Marycheva
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Kotalevskaya
- M. F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Zubkov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G T Zubkov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maseda Pedrero R, Quintana Castanedo L, Pérez Conde I, Jiménez González M, Escámez Toledano MJ, de Lucas Laguna R. Epidermolysis Bullosa in Spain: Observational Study of a Cohort of Patients Treated in a National Referral Center. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021; 112:S0001-7310(21)00176-9. [PMID: 33984313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by a high degree of mucocutaneous fragility. This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with EB treated in Hospital Universitario La Paz, a national referral center for inherited EB. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational, retrospective, single-center study. We included all cases with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of EB managed in the hospital's dermatology department from January 2, 2000, to February 28, 2021. RESULTS A total of 214 cases were studied. The median (interquartile range) age was 17 (8-32) years; 54.2% were women. One hundred thirty-five (63.1%) patients had dystrophic EB, 67 (31.3%) had EB simplex, 8 (3.7%) had junctional EB, and 3 (1.4%) had Kindler syndrome. One (0.5%) had EB acquisita. Over a third (35.5%) of the patients resided in Madrid. The most common clinical complications were pruritus (63.1%), local infections (56.5%), and pain (54.7%). The most serious ones were cardiomyopathy (in 5.6%) and squamous cell carcinoma (10.3%). Twenty-two patients (10.3%) died. CONCLUSIONS Dystrophic EB was the most prevalent clinical form. The most prevalent complications were pruritus, pain, and infections. The most serious ones were cardiomyopathy and squamous cell carcinoma. This study is the first in Spain that explores strategies for improving the health status and quality of life of patients with EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Maseda Pedrero
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | | | - I Pérez Conde
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - M Jiménez González
- Servicio de Bioestadística, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M J Escámez Toledano
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (U714-CIBERER), Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, CIEMAT, Madrid, España
| | - R de Lucas Laguna
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rathner A, Rathner P, Friedrich A, Wießner M, Kitzler CM, Schernthaner J, Karl T, Krauß J, Lottspeich F, Mewes W, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Breitenbach M, Müller N, Breitenbach-Koller H, von Hagen J. Drug Development for Target Ribosomal Protein rpL35/uL29 for Repair of LAMB3R635X in Rare Skin Disease Epidermolysis Bullosa. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:167-182. [PMID: 33823521 DOI: 10.1159/000513260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) describes a family of rare genetic blistering skin disorders. Various subtypes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and a lethal postpartum form of EB is the generalized severe junctional EB (gs-JEB). gs-JEB is mainly caused by premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in the skin anchor protein LAMB3 (laminin subunit beta-3) gene. The ribosome in majority of translational reads of LAMB3PTC mRNA aborts protein synthesis at the PTC signal, with production of a truncated, nonfunctional protein. This leaves an endogenous readthrough mechanism needed for production of functional full-length Lamb3 protein albeit at insufficient levels. Here, we report on the development of drugs targeting ribosomal protein L35 (rpL35), a ribosomal modifier for customized increase in production of full-length Lamb3 protein from a LAMB3PTC mRNA. METHODS Molecular docking studies were employed to identify small molecules binding to human rpL35. Molecular determinants of small molecule binding to rpL35 were further characterized by titration of the protein with these ligands as monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution. Changes in NMR chemical shifts were used to map the docking sites for small molecules onto the 3D structure of the rpL35. RESULTS Molecular docking studies identified 2 FDA-approved drugs, atazanavir and artesunate, as candidate small-molecule binders of rpL35. Molecular interaction studies predicted several binding clusters for both compounds scattered throughout the rpL35 structure. NMR titration studies identified the amino acids participating in the ligand interaction. Combining docking predictions for atazanavir and artesunate with rpL35 and NMR analysis of rpL35 ligand interaction, one binding cluster located near the N-terminus of rpL35 was identified. In this region, the nonidentical binding sites for atazanavir and artesunate overlap and are accessible when rpL35 is integrated in its natural ribosomal environment. CONCLUSION Atazanavir and artesunate were identified as candidate compounds binding to ribosomal protein rpL35 and may now be tested for their potential to trigger a rpL35 ribosomal switch to increase production of full-length Lamb3 protein from a LAMB3PTC mRNA for targeted systemic therapy in treating gs-JEB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rathner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petr Rathner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Friedrich
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wießner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Allergology and Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Jan Schernthaner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Karl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Krauß
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Werner Mewes
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Hintner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Allergology and Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Allergology and Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Norbert Müller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | | | - Jörg von Hagen
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jacinto JGP, Häfliger IM, Veiga IMB, Drögemüller C, Agerholm JS. A de novo mutation in KRT5 in a crossbred calf with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2800-2807. [PMID: 33135329 PMCID: PMC7694802 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 6‐day‐old Belgian Blue‐Holstein calf was referred because of a syndrome resembling epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). The clinical phenotype included irregular and differently sized erosions and ulcerations spread over the body, in particular on the limbs and over bone prominences, as well as in the nasal planum and oral mucosa. Blisters were easily induced by rubbing the skin. The skin lesions displayed a clear dermal‐epidermal separation at the level of the basal cell layer. Post mortem examination revealed erosions in the pharynx, proximal esophagus, and rumen. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a heterozygous disruptive in‐frame deletion variant in KRT5 (c.534_536delCAA). Genotyping of both parents confirmed the variant as de novo mutation. Clinicopathological and genetic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of KRT5‐related EBS providing the second example of a spontaneous mutation causing epidermolysis bullosa in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana G P Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inês M B Veiga
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jørgen S Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Te Molder L, Hoekman L, Kreft M, Bleijerveld O, Sonnenberg A. Comparative interactomics analysis reveals potential regulators of α6β4 distribution in keratinocytes. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio.054155. [PMID: 32709696 PMCID: PMC7438003 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin α6β4 and cytoskeletal adaptor plectin are essential components of type I and type II hemidesmosomes (HDs). We recently identified an alternative type II HD adhesion complex that also contains CD151 and the integrin α3β1. Here, we have taken a BioID proximity labeling approach to define the proximity protein environment for α6β4 in keratinocytes. We identified 37 proteins that interacted with both α6 and β4, while 20 and 78 proteins specifically interacted with the α6 and β4 subunits, respectively. Many of the proximity interactors of α6β4 are components of focal adhesions (FAs) and the cortical microtubule stabilizing complex (CMSC). Though the close association of CMSCs with α6β4 in HDs was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis, CMSCs have no role in the assembly of HDs. Analysis of the β4 interactome in the presence or absence of CD151 revealed that they are strikingly similar; only 11 different interactors were identified. One of these was the integrin α3β1, which interacted with α6β4 more strongly in the presence of CD151 than in its absence. These findings indicate that CD151 does not significantly contribute to the interactome of α6β4, but suggest a role of CD151 in linking α3β1 and α6β4 together in tetraspanin adhesion structures. Summary: Comparative interactomics analysis reveals close proximity of HDs, FAs and CMSCs, and a role of CD151 in linking α3β1 and α6β4 together in an alternative type II HD-like adhesion complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Te Molder
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Bleijerveld
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mariath LM, Santin JT, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: update on the clinical and genetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:551-569. [PMID: 32732072 PMCID: PMC7563003 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetic diseases characterized by skin fragility and blistering on the skin and mucous membranes in response to minimal trauma. Epidermolysis bullosa is clinically and genetically very heterogeneous, being classified into four main types according to the layer of skin in which blistering occurs: epidermolysis bullosa simplex (intraepidermal), junctional epidermolysis bullosa (within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane), dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (below the basement membrane), and Kindler epidermolysis bullosa (mixed skin cleavage pattern). Furthermore, epidermolysis bullosa is stratified into several subtypes, which consider the clinical characteristics, the distribution of the blisters, and the severity of cutaneous and extracutaneous signs. Pathogenic variants in at least 16 genes that encode proteins essential for the integrity and adhesion of skin layers have already been associated with different subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa. The marked heterogeneity of the disease, which includes phenotypes with a broad spectrum of severity and many causal genes, hinders its classification and diagnosis. For this reason, dermatologists and geneticists regularly review and update the classification criteria. This review aimed to update the state of the art on inherited epidermolysis bullosa, with a special focus on the associated clinical and genetic aspects, presenting data from the most recent reclassification consensus, published in 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Monteavaro Mariath
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tosetto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Dermatology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Elisa Kiszewski
- Dermatology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reimer A, Hess M, Schwieger-Briel A, Kiritsi D, Schauer F, Schumann H, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. Natural history of growth and anaemia in children with epidermolysis bullosa: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:1437-1448. [PMID: 31487386 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired growth and anaemia are major extracutaneous complications of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), but data on their development are lacking. OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical course of growth and anaemia in children with EB and clarify the impact of nutritional compromise, inflammation and genetic factors. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of 200 children, 157 with recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB) and 43 with junctional EB (JEB)-generalized intermediate, followed at the main referral centre in Germany. Growth charts were calculated using the modified LMS method and were correlated with parameters of anaemia, nutrition, inflammation and the molecular defect in a linear model. RESULTS In our cohort of patients with RDEB, weight impairment started at 12-18 months old; by the age of 10 years, 50% showed wasting. The predicted median weight at age 20 years was 35·2 kg for men and 40·1 kg for women. In JEB, growth resembled that of healthy children. Anaemia was present from the second year of life onwards in RDEB and JEB. Low levels of haemoglobin, iron, vitamin D, zinc and albumin, high levels of C-reactive protein, and absence of collagen VII correlated significantly with low weight in RDEB. No correlation was observed in JEB. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that nutritional compromise occurs early in children with RDEB and therefore may require interventions as of the first year or two of life. What's already known about this topic? Children with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) suffer from failure to thrive and anaemia as major extracutaneous complications. The course of growth and the development of anaemia in EB are poorly characterized. What does this study add? A molecularly well characterized cohort of 200 children with EB was followed with regard to anthropometrics, anaemia and inflammation. We demonstrate early onset of growth failure and anaemia, most pronounced in the subset of recessive dystrophic EB. Awareness of early growth delay and nutritional deficiencies will improve EB care in daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reimer
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Hess
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Schwieger-Briel
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Schauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Schumann
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraβe 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This Outlook discusses Cohen et al.’s finding that despite extensive genomic cobinding, PRC1 is essential for epidermal integrity, whereas PRC2 is dispensable. All of the cells in our body share largely identical DNA, yet functionally distinct cells are generated to give rise to different tissues and organs. A fundamental question in biology is how different cell fates are specified and maintained. Epigenetic mechanisms hold a key answer to the question. Without changing the sequence of DNA but through modifying DNA, histones, or RNA, epigenetic mechanisms can decide which genes to express and which to suppress. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins that can regulate gene expression through histone modification. Although PcG proteins have been traditionally described as epigenetic repressors, emerging evidence suggests a more complex scenario in which PcG proteins can have a dynamic effect on gene expression. In this issue of Genes & Development, Cohen and colleagues (pp. 55–60) studied the function of Polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) in mouse skin development and identified PRC1's unique function independent of PRC2. Notably, the total loss of PRC1 but not canonical PRC1 in the skin leads to widespread down-regulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization, resulting in skin fragility. This new study lays a foundation to examine the role of PRC1 in activating gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Has C, Liu L, Bolling MC, Charlesworth AV, El Hachem M, Escámez MJ, Fuentes I, Büchel S, Hiremagalore R, Pohla-Gubo G, van den Akker PC, Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Zambruno G. Clinical practice guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:574-592. [PMID: 31090061 PMCID: PMC7064925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Linked Comment: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18377. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18829 available online
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Liu
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K
| | - M C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A V Charlesworth
- Centre de Reference des Maladies Rares de la Peau et des Muqueuses d'Origine Génétique, L'Archet Hôpital, Nice, France
| | - M El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M J Escámez
- Bioengineering Department at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Regenerative Medicine Unit at CIEMAT - U714 CIBER on Rare Diseases (ISCIII), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IISFJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Fuentes
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Büchel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Hiremagalore
- Adjunct Faculty, Centre for Human Genetics and Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Pohla-Gubo
- EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - G Zambruno
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cohen I, Zhao D, Menon G, Nakayama M, Koseki H, Zheng D, Ezhkova E. PRC1 preserves epidermal tissue integrity independently of PRC2. Genes Dev 2018; 33:55-60. [PMID: 30567998 PMCID: PMC6317312 DOI: 10.1101/gad.319939.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cohen et al. show that, despite extensive genomic cobinding, PRC1 is essential for epidermal integrity, whereas PRC2 is dispensable. Polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 are critical chromatin regulators of gene expression and tissue development. Here, we show that despite extensive genomic cobinding, PRC1 is essential for epidermal integrity, whereas PRC2 is dispensable. Loss of PRC1 resulted in blistering skin, reminiscent of human skin fragility syndromes. Conversely, PRC1 does not restrict epidermal stratification during skin morphogenesis, whereas PRC2 does. Molecular dissection demonstrated that PRC1 functions with PRC2 to silence/dampen expression of adhesion genes. In contrast, PRC1 promotes expression of critical epidermal adhesion genes independently of PRC2-mediated H3K27me3. Together, we demonstrate a functional link between epigenetic regulation and skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Cohen
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Gopinathan Menon
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN-IMS) Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-CREST), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Has C, Nyström A, Saeidian AH, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Uitto J. Epidermolysis bullosa: Molecular pathology of connective tissue components in the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:313-329. [PMID: 29627521 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a group of heritable skin fragility disorders, is characterized by blistering, erosions and chronic ulcers in the skin and mucous membranes. In some forms, the blistering phenotype is associated with extensive mutilating scarring and development of aggressive squamous cell carcinomas. The skin findings can be associated with extracutaneous manifestations in the ocular as well as gastrointestinal and vesico-urinary tracts. The phenotypic heterogeneity reflects the presence of mutations in as many as 20 different genes expressed in the cutaneous basement membrane zone, and the types and combinations of the mutations and their consequences at the mRNA and protein levels contribute to the spectrum of severity encountered in different subtypes of EB. This overview highlights the molecular genetics of EB based on mutations in the genes encoding type VII and XVII collagens as well as laminin-332. The mutations identified in these protein components of the extracellular matrix attest to their critical importance in providing stability to the cutaneous basement membrane zone, with implications for heritable and acquired diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nauroy P, Guiraud A, Chlasta J, Malbouyres M, Gillet B, Hughes S, Lambert E, Ruggiero F. Gene profile of zebrafish fin regeneration offers clues to kinetics, organization and biomechanics of basement membrane. Matrix Biol 2018; 75-76:82-101. [PMID: 30031067 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
How some animals regenerate missing body parts is not well understood. Taking advantage of the zebrafish caudal fin model, we performed a global unbiased time-course transcriptomic analysis of fin regeneration. Biostatistics analyses identified extracellular matrix (ECM) as the most enriched gene sets. Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized ECM structures that provide tissues with structural cohesion and serve as a major extracellular signaling platform. While the embryonic formation of BM has been extensively investigated, its regeneration in adults remains poorly studied. We therefore focused on BM gene expression kinetics and showed that it recapitulates many aspects of development. As such, the re-expression of the embryonic col14a1a gene indicated that col14a1a is part of the regeneration-specific program. We showed that laminins and col14a1a genes display similar kinetics and that the corresponding proteins are spatially and temporally controlled during regeneration. Analysis of our CRISPR/Cas9-mediated col14a1a knockout fish showed that collagen XIV-A contributes to timely deposition of laminins. As changes in ECM organization can affect tissue mechanical properties, we analyzed the biomechanics of col14a1a-/- regenerative BM using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our data revealed a thinner BM accompanied by a substantial increase of the stiffness when compared to controls. Further AFM 3D-reconstructions showed that BM is organized as a checkerboard made of alternation of soft and rigid regions that is compromised in mutants leading to a more compact structure. We conclude that collagen XIV-A transiently acts as a molecular spacer responsible for BM structure and biomechanics possibly by helping laminins integration within regenerative BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Nauroy
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Guiraud
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Chlasta
- BioMeca, ENSL, Université de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Marilyne Malbouyres
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gillet
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Hughes
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Lambert
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen YE, Fischbach MA, Belkaid Y. Skin microbiota-host interactions. Nature 2018; 553:427-436. [PMID: 29364286 DOI: 10.1038/nature25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. These microbes-collectively referred to as the skin microbiota-are fundamental to skin physiology and immunity. Interactions between skin microbes and the host can fall anywhere along the continuum between mutualism and pathogenicity. In this Review, we highlight how host-microbe interactions depend heavily on context, including the state of immune activation, host genetic predisposition, barrier status, microbe localization, and microbe-microbe interactions. We focus on how context shapes the complex dialogue between skin microbes and the host, and the consequences of this dialogue for health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Erin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peking P, Koller U, Murauer EM. Functional therapies for cutaneous wound repair in epidermolysis bullosa. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:330-343. [PMID: 29248480 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounding as a result of recurrent skin blistering in the painful genetic skin disease epidermolysis bullosa, may lead to life-threatening infections, increased risk of tumor formation, and other serious medical complications. Therefore, epidermolysis bullosa patients have an urgent need for optimal wound care and tissue regeneration. Therapeutic strategies using gene-, protein-, and cell-therapies are being developed to improve clinical symptoms, and some of them have already been investigated in early clinical trials. The most favorable options of functional therapies include gene replacement, gene editing, RNA targeting, and harnessing natural gene therapy. This review describes the current progress of the different approaches targeting autologous skin cells, and will discuss the benefits and challenges of their application.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Skin fragility refers to a large group of conditions in which the ability of the skin to provide protection against trivial mechanical trauma is diminished, resulting in the formation of blisters, erosions, wounds, or scars. Acquired and physiological skin fragility is common; genetic disorders are rare but give insight into the molecular mechanisms ensuring skin stability. The paradigm is represented by inherited epidermolysis bullosa. This review is focused on recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of genetic skin fragility, including emerging concepts, controversies, unanswered questions, and opinions of the author. In spite of the advanced knowledge on the genetic causes of skin fragility, the molecular pathology is still expanding. Open questions in understanding the molecular basis of genetic skin fragility are the following: what are the causes of phenotypes which remain genetically unsolved, and what are the molecular modifiers which might explain phenotypic differences among individuals with similar mutations? New mutational mechanisms and new genes have recently been discovered and are briefly described here. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing improved mutation detection and facilitated the identification of the genetic basis of unclear and new phenotypes. Characterization of the biochemical and cell biological consequences of the genetic variants is challenging and laborious but may represent the basis for personalized therapeutic approaches. Molecular modifiers of skin fragility have been uncovered in particular animal and genetic models but not in larger cohorts of patients. This scientific progress is the basis for revisions of the epidermolysis bullosa classification and for innovative therapeutic approaches designed for this intractable condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, DE-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sánchez-Jimeno C, Escámez M, Ayuso C, Trujillo-Tiebas M, del Río M. Genetic Diagnosis of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Recommendations From an Expert Spanish Research Group. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
27
|
Reimer A, He Y, Has C. Update on Genetic Conditions Affecting the Skin and the Kidneys. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:43. [PMID: 29552546 PMCID: PMC5840143 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic conditions affecting the skin and kidney are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and target molecular components present in both organs. The molecular pathology involves defects of cell-matrix adhesion, metabolic or signaling pathways, as well as tumor suppressor genes. This article gives a clinically oriented overview of this group of disorders, highlighting entities which have been recently described, as well as the progress made in understanding well-known entities. The genetic bases as well as molecular cell biological mechanisms are described, with therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reimer
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sánchez-Jimeno C, Escámez MJ, Ayuso C, Trujillo-Tiebas MJ, Del Río M. Genetic diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa: recommendations from an expert Spanish research group. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 109:104-122. [PMID: 29180129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic disease that causes mucocutaneous fragility. It comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorder characterized by spontaneous or contact/friction-induced blistering. EB is classified into 4 types-simplex, junctional, dystrophic, and Kindler syndrome-and 30 subtypes. The disease is caused by defects in proteins implicated in dermal-epidermal adhesion. At least 19 genes have been characterized and more than 1000 mutations identified, thus rendering diagnosis complex. Molecular diagnosis of EB is the last stage of a laborious process that starts with a detailed clinical history compilation and careful procurement of a skin fresh biopsy that includes an area where the epidermis detaches from the dermis. The detachment area makes it possible to establish the cleavage plane by antigen mapping and, in the best scenario, to identify a single candidate gene to search for pathogenic mutations. The results of the molecular diagnosis enable the physician to provide appropriate genetic counseling (inheritance pattern, risk of recurrence, and options for prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis) and implement subsequent preventive programs, as well as to establish a reasonable clinical prognosis facilitating access to specific therapy and rehabilitation. Lastly, molecular diagnosis is essential for the participation of patients in clinical trials, a critical issue given the current incurable status of EB. The present guidelines aim to disseminate the procedure for diagnosing EB in our laboratory and thus avoid suboptimal or incomplete clinical diagnoses. The recommendations we provide are the result of more than 10 years' experience in the molecular diagnosis of EB in Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sánchez-Jimeno
- Departamento de Genética, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (ISCIII) U704, Madrid, España
| | - M J Escámez
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (ISCIII) U714, Madrid, España
| | - C Ayuso
- Departamento de Genética, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (ISCIII) U704, Madrid, España
| | - M J Trujillo-Tiebas
- Departamento de Genética, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (ISCIII) U704, Madrid, España.
| | - M Del Río
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (ISCIII) U714, Madrid, España.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Mahmoudi H, Touati A, Abiri M, Kajbafzadeh AM, Aristodemou S, Liu L, McGrath JA, Ertel A, Londin E, Kariminejad A, Zeinali S, Fortina P, Uitto J. Recessive mutation in tetraspanin CD151 causes Kindler syndrome-like epidermolysis bullosa with multi-systemic manifestations including nephropathy. Matrix Biol 2017; 66:22-33. [PMID: 29138120 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is caused by mutations in as many as 19 distinct genes. We have developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel targeting genes known to be mutated in skin fragility disorders, including tetraspanin CD151 expressed in keratinocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction. The NGS panel was applied to a cohort of 92 consanguineous families of unknown subtype of EB. In one family, a homozygous donor splice site mutation in CD151 (NM_139029; c.351+2T>C) at the exon 5/intron 5 border was identified, and RT-PCR and whole transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq confirmed deletion of the entire exon 5 encoding 25 amino acids. Immunofluorescence of proband's skin and Western blot of skin proteins with a monoclonal antibody revealed complete absence of CD151. Transmission electron microscopy showed intracellular disruption and cell-cell dysadhesion of keratinocytes in the lower epidermis. Clinical examination of the 33-year old proband, initially diagnosed as Kindler syndrome, revealed widespread blistering, particularly on pretibial areas, poikiloderma, nail dystrophy, loss of teeth, early onset alopecia, and esophageal webbing and strictures. The patient also had history of nephropathy with proteinuria. Collectively, the results suggest that biallelic loss-of-function mutations in CD151 underlie an autosomal recessive mechano-bullous disease with systemic features. Thus, CD151 should be considered as the 20th causative, EB-associated gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew Touati
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maryam Abiri
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - Adam Ertel
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sirous Zeinali
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The "Kelch" Surprise: KLHL24, a New Player in the Pathogenesis of Skin Fragility. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1211-1212. [PMID: 28532758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new protein, kelch-like 24, has recently been associated with a distinct subtype of epidermolysis bullosa simplex, a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with mechanical fragility of epidermal keratinocytes. All mutations involve the translation initiation codon and lead to a degradation-resistant N-terminally truncated kelch-like 24. Kelch-like 24 appears to be involved in the turnover of intermediated filaments, in particular of keratin 14, in keratinocytes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Has C, Schumann H, Leppert J, He Y, Hartmann B, Hausser I, Kohlhase J. Monoallelic Large Intragenic KRT5 Deletions Account for Genetically Unsolved Cases of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2231-2234. [PMID: 28576738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Schumann
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Juna Leppert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dor-On E, Raviv S, Cohen Y, Adir O, Padmanabhan K, Luxenburg C. T-plastin is essential for basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/481/eaal3154. [PMID: 28559444 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of epithelial architecture is a complex process involving cross-talk between cells and the basement membrane. Basement membrane assembly requires integrin activity but the role of the associated actomyosin cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here, we identify the actin-bundling protein T-plastin (Pls3) as a regulator of basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. In utero depletion of Pls3 transcripts in mouse embryos caused basement membrane and polarity defects in the epidermis but had little effect on cell adhesion and differentiation. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that the apicobasal polarity defects were secondary to the disruption of the basement membrane. However, the basement membrane itself was profoundly sensitive to subtle perturbations in the actin cytoskeleton. We further show that Pls3 localized to the cell cortex, where it was essential for the localization and activation of myosin II. Inhibition of myosin II motor activity disrupted basement membrane organization. Our results provide insights into the regulation of cortical actomyosin and its importance for basement membrane assembly and skin morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Dor-On
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shaul Raviv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yonatan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Betulin-Based Oleogel to Improve Wound Healing in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Prospective Controlled Proof-of-Concept Study. Dermatol Res Pract 2017; 2017:5068969. [PMID: 28611842 PMCID: PMC5458380 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5068969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin fragility and recurrent wounds are hallmarks of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Treatment options to accelerate wound healing are urgently needed. Oleogel-S10 contains a betulin-rich triterpene extract from birch bark. In this study, we tested the wound healing properties of topical Oleogel-S10 in patients with dystrophic EB. Methods We conducted an open, blindly evaluated, controlled, prospective phase II pilot trial in patients with dystrophic EB (EudraCT number 2010-019945-24). Healing of wounds treated with and without topical Oleogel-S10 was compared. Primary efficacy variable was faster reepithelialization as determined by 2 blinded experts. The main secondary outcome variable of the study was percentage of wound epithelialization. Results Twelve wound pairs of 10 patients with dystrophic EB were evaluated. In 5 of 12 cases, both blinded reviewers considered epithelialization of the intervention wounds as superior. In 3 cases, only one reviewer considered Oleogel-S10 as superior and the other one as equal to control. Measurements of wound size showed a trend towards accelerated wound healing with the intervention but without reaching statistical significance. Conclusion Our results indicate a potential for faster reepithelialization of wounds in patients with dystrophic EB when treated with Oleogel-S10 but larger studies are needed to confirm significance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Has C, He Y. Renal-skin syndromes. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:63-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Kroeger JK, Hofmann SC, Leppert J, Has C, Franzke CW. Amino acid duplication in the coiled-coil structure of collagen XVII alters its maturation and trimerization causing mild junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:479-488. [PMID: 28365758 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The function and stability of collagens depend on the accurate triple helix formation of three distinct polypeptide chains. Disruption of this triple-helical structure can result in connective-tissue disorders. Triple helix formation is thought to depend on three-stranded coiled-coil oligomerization sites within non-collagenous domains. However, only little is known about the physiological relevance of these coiled-coil structures. Transmembrane collagen XVII, also known as 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen provides mechanical stability through the anchorage of epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Mutations in the collagen XVII gene, COL17A1, cause junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), characterized by chronic trauma-induced skin blistering. Here we exploited a novel naturally occurring COL17A1 mutation, leading to an in-frame lysine duplication within the coiled-coil structure of the juxtamembranous NC16A domain of collagen XVII, which resulted in a mild phenotype of JEB due to reduced membrane-anchored collagen XVII molecules. This mutation causes structural changes in the mutant molecule and interferes with its maturation. The destabilized coiled-coil structure of the mutant collagen XVII unmasks a furin cleavage site that results in excessive and non-physiological ectodomain shedding during its maturation. Furthermore, it decreases its triple-helical stability due to defective coiled-coil oligomerization, which makes it highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation. As a consequence of altered maturation and decreased stability of collagen XVII trimers, reduced collagen XVII is incorporated into the cell membrane, resulting in compromised dermal-epidermal adhesion. Taken together, using this genetic model, we provide the first proof that alteration of the coiled-coil structure destabilizes oligomerization and impairs physiological shedding of collagen XVII in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin K Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Center for Dermatology, Allergy and Dermatosurgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Juna Leppert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Several dermatoses are typified by the formation of spaces (blisters; bullae) within or beneath the epidermis. These may be acellular or filled with particular species of inflammatory cells. Etiological categories include infectious, immune-mediated, genetic, drug-related, and idiopathic lesions. Examples of such disorders include impetigo, Herpes virus infections, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid and pemphigoid gestationis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, IgA-related dermatoses, inherited epidermolysis bullosa variants, Hailey-Hailey disease, and porphyria cutanea tarda. Other conditions manifest microscopic acantholysis within the surface epithelium but are not associated with clinical bullae, such as Darier disease and Grover disease. Finally, both infectious and non-infectious causes exist for the development of neutrophilic pustules in the epidermis, as seen in pustular psoriasis, Sneddon-Wilkinson disease (subcorneal pustular dermatosis), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. This review considers the clinical and histological features of all of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wick
- Section of Dermatopathology, Division of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He Y, Maier K, Leppert J, Hausser I, Schwieger-Briel A, Weibel L, Theiler M, Kiritsi D, Busch H, Boerries M, Hannula-Jouppi K, Heikkilä H, Tasanen K, Castiglia D, Zambruno G, Has C. Monoallelic Mutations in the Translation Initiation Codon of KLHL24 Cause Skin Fragility. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1395-1404. [PMID: 27889062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa, a group of genetic disorders characterized by the mechanically induced formation of skin blisters, is largely known, but a number of cases still remain genetically unsolved. Here, we used whole-exome and targeted sequencing to identify monoallelic mutations, c.1A>G and c.2T>C, in the translation initiation codon of the gene encoding kelch-like protein 24 (KLHL24) in 14 individuals with a distinct skin-fragility phenotype and skin cleavage within basal keratinocytes. Remarkably, mutation c.1A>G occurred de novo and was recurrent in families originating from different countries. The striking similarities of the clinical features of the affected individuals point to a unique and very specific pathomechanism. We showed that mutations in the translation initiation codon of KLHL24 lead to the usage of a downstream translation initiation site with the same reading frame and formation of a truncated polypeptide. The pathobiology was examined in keratinocytes and fibroblasts of the affected individuals and via expression of mutant KLHL24, and we found mutant KLHL24 to be associated with abnormalities of intermediate filaments in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In particular, KLHL24 mutations were associated with irregular and fragmented keratin 14. Recombinant overexpression of normal KLHL24 promoted keratin 14 degradation, whereas mutant KLHL24 showed less activity than the normal molecule. These findings identify KLHL24 mutations as a cause of skin fragility and identify a role for KLHL24 in maintaining the balance between intermediate filament stability and degradation required for skin integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Kristin Maier
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Juna Leppert
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Agnes Schwieger-Briel
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Weibel
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Martin Theiler
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Katariina Hannula-Jouppi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hannele Heikkilä
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Department of Dermatology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lin Z, Li S, Feng C, Yang S, Wang H, Ma D, Zhang J, Gou M, Bu D, Zhang T, Kong X, Wang X, Sarig O, Ren Y, Dai L, Liu H, Zhang J, Li F, Hu Y, Padalon-Brauch G, Vodo D, Zhou F, Chen T, Deng H, Sprecher E, Yang Y, Tan X. Stabilizing mutations of KLHL24 ubiquitin ligase cause loss of keratin 14 and human skin fragility. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1508-1516. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
39
|
Lefrançois P, Chapdelaine H, Côté B, Desrosiers M. A role for auto-immunity in chronic rhinosinusitis? Lessons learned from sub-epidermal bullous disorders of the skin. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 12:38. [PMID: 27499767 PMCID: PMC4975886 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequent chronic condition, which has origins in complex interactions between genetic, immunological and microbial factors. The role of auto-immunity in CRS remains unclear, although recent studies have started to emerge in CRS patient refractory to maximal medical management. We discuss the possible auto-immunity link between CRS and other skin diseases, in particular acquired bullous dermatoses, and review the current evidence. We raise additional considerations for auto-immunity from both research and clinical standpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Chapdelaine
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Benoît Côté
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Martin Desrosiers
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Diaz-Tellez A, Zampedri C, Ramos-Balderas JL, García-Hernández F, Maldonado E. Zebrafish scarb2a insertional mutant reveals a novel function for the Scarb2/Limp2 receptor in notochord development. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:508-19. [PMID: 26743566 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scarb2 or Limp2 belong to a subfamily of Scavenger receptors described as lysosomal transmembrane glycosylated receptors, that are mutated in the human syndrome AMRF (action myoclonus-renal failure). The zebrafish insertional mutant scarb2a(hi1463Tg) has notochord defects, the notochord is a defining feature of chordates running along the center of the longitudinal axis and it is essential for forming the spinal column in all vertebrates. RESULTS There are three paralogous scarb2 genes in zebrafish; scarb2a, scarb2b, and scarb2c. Both Scarb2a and Scarb2b proteins lack the classical di-leucine motif. We found that scarb2a(hi1463Tg) homozygous zebrafish embryos have a null mutation impairing vacuole formation in the notochord and simultaneously disrupting proper formation of the basement membrane resulting in its thickening at the ventral side of the notochord, which may be the cause for the anomalous upward bending observed in the trunk. Through whole-mount in situ hybridization, we detected scarb2a mRNA expression in the notochord and in the brain early in development. However, it is puzzling that scarb2a notochord mRNA expression is short-lived in the presumptive notochord and precedes the complete differentiation of the notochord. CONCLUSIONS This work describes a novel function for the Scarb2 receptor as an essential glycoprotein for notochord development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Diaz-Tellez
- EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Cecilia Zampedri
- EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Jose L Ramos-Balderas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. México
| | | | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kühl T, Mezger M, Hausser I, Guey LT, Handgretinger R, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Nyström A. Collagen VII Half-Life at the Dermal-Epidermal Junction Zone: Implications for Mechanisms and Therapy of Genodermatoses. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1116-1123. [PMID: 26899947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tissue half-life of proteins largely determines treatment frequency of non-gene-editing-based therapies targeting the cause of genodermatoses. Surprisingly, such knowledge is missing for a vast number of proteins involved in pathologies. The dermal-epidermal junction zone is believed to be a rather static structure, but to our knowledge no detailed analysis of the stability of proteins within this zone has been performed. Here, we addressed the in vivo half-life of collagen type VII using genetic ablation of its expression and therapeutic introduction of exogenous collagen VII in a preclinical model. A similar in vivo stability of collagen VII was observed in the skin, tongue, and esophagus, with a half-life of about 1 month. Collagen VII expressed by intradermally injected mesenchymal stromal cells also exhibited a similar half-life. Our study provides key information needed for the development of protein replacement or cell-based therapies for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by genetic deficiency of collagen VII. Moreover, by showing what we define as an intermediate half-life of collagen VII, our study challenges the view of the dermal-epidermal junction zone as a static structure with very slow turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kühl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- EM lab, Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rupert Handgretinger
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mittapalli VR, Madl J, Löffek S, Kiritsi D, Kern JS, Römer W, Nyström A, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Injury-Driven Stiffening of the Dermis Expedites Skin Carcinoma Progression. Cancer Res 2015; 76:940-51. [PMID: 26676755 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a genetic skin fragility disorder characterized by injury-driven blister formation, progressive soft-tissue fibrosis, and a highly elevated risk of early-onset aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the unusually rapid progression of RDEB to cSCC are unknown. In this study, we investigated the contribution of injury-induced skin alterations to cSCC development by using a genetic model of RDEB and organotypic skin cultures. Analysis of RDEB patient samples suggested that premalignant changes to the dermal microenvironment drive tumor progression, which led us to subject a collagen VII hypomorphic mouse model of RDEB to chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogen-treated RDEB mice developed invasive tumors phenocopying human RDEB-cSCC, whereas wild-type mice formed papillomas, indicating that the aggressiveness of RDEB-cSCC is mutation-independent. The inherent structural instability of the RDEB dermis, combined with repeated injury, increased the bioavailability of TGFβ, which promoted extracellular matrix production, cross-linking, thickening of dermal fibrils, and tissue stiffening. The biophysically altered dermis increased myofibroblast activity and integrin β1/pFAK/pAKT mechanosignaling in tumor cells, further demonstrating that cSCC progression is governed by pre-existing injury-driven changes in the RDEB tissue microenvironment. Treatment of three-dimensional organotypic RDEB skin cultures with inhibitors of TGFβ signaling, lysyl oxidase, or integrin β1-mediated mechanosignaling reduced or bypassed tissue stiffness and limited tumor cell invasion. Collectively, these findings provide a new mechanism by which RDEB tissue becomes malignant and offer new druggable therapeutic targets to prevent cSCC onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Madl
- Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Löffek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes S Kern
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
McGrath JA. Recently Identified Forms of Epidermolysis Bullosa. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:658-66. [PMID: 26719633 PMCID: PMC4695416 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.6.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a collection of clinically diverse inherited blistering diseases that affect the skin and, in some subtypes, mucous membranes and other organs. Currently classified into four main subtypes (EB simplex, junctional EB, dystrophic EB, and Kindler syndrome, mainly based on the level of skin cleavage), the spectrum of EB extends to more than 30 clinical subtypes with pathogenic mutations in at least 18 distinct genes. This review focuses on three recent additions to variants of EB: all are autosomal recessive, and result from mutations in either DST-e (coding for epidermal dystonin, also known as the 230 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, BP230), EXPH5 (coding for exophilin-5, also known as Slac2-b), or ITGA3 (coding for the integrin alpha-3 subunit). Each of these new forms of EB is reviewed with respect to the initial gene discovery, clinical features, the current mutation database, and skin pathology. Awareness of these recently described forms of EB is helpful in the clinical evaluation of patients with EB and in defining genotype-phenotype correlation for inherited blistering skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Genodermatoses are rare genetic disorders with a broad spectrum of cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations that have a genetic background. A thorough clinical examination, laboratory workup and morphological analyses of the skin remain crucial for the diagnosis in the era of next generation sequencing (NGS). The diagnostic algorithm depends on the clinical and molecular heterogeneity and should be adapted for each group of genodermatoses. In cases with uncharacteristic phenotypes which cannot be classified, NGS-based testing accelerates the time to diagnosis and leads to the identification of new disorders and new disease-associated genes. The new knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations should enable revision of the classification of genodermatoses on a molecular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Has
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - Y He
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Taffoni C, Pujol N. Mechanisms of innate immunity in C. elegans epidermis. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1078432. [PMID: 26716073 PMCID: PMC4681281 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1078432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The roundworm C. elegans has been successfully used for more than 50 y as a genetically tractable invertebrate model in diverse biological fields such as neurobiology, development and interactions. C. elegans feeds on bacteria and can be naturally infected by a wide range of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Most of these pathogens infect C. elegans through its gut, but some have developed ways to infect the epidermis. In this review, we will mainly focus on epidermal innate immunity, in particular the signaling pathways and effectors activated upon wounding and fungal infection that serve to protect the host. We will discuss the parallels that exist between epidermal innate immune responses in nematodes and mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Taffoni
- Center d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix Marseille Université UM2 ; Inserm; Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Pujol
- Center d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix Marseille Université UM2 ; Inserm; Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sartelet A, Harland C, Tamma N, Karim L, Bayrou C, Li W, Ahariz N, Coppieters W, Georges M, Charlier C. A stop-gain in the laminin, alpha 3 gene causes recessive junctional epidermolysis bullosa in Belgian Blue cattle. Anim Genet 2015; 46:566-70. [PMID: 26370913 DOI: 10.1111/age.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Four newborn purebred Belgian Blue calves presenting a severe form of epidermolysis bullosa were recently referred to our heredo-surveillance platform. SNP array genotyping followed by autozygosity mapping located the causative gene in a 8.3-Mb interval on bovine chromosome 24. Combining information from (i) whole-genome sequencing of an affected calf, (ii) transcriptomic data from a panel of tissues and (iii) a list of functionally ranked positional candidates pinpointed a private G to A nucleotide substitution in the LAMA3 gene that creates a premature stop codon (p.Arg2609*) in exon 60, truncating 22% of the corresponding protein. The LAMA3 gene encodes the alpha 3 subunit of the heterotrimeric laminin-332, a key constituent of the lamina lucida that is part of the skin basement membrane connecting epidermis and dermis layers. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in this gene are known to cause severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa in human, mice, horse, sheep and dog. Overall, our data strongly support the causality of the identified gene and mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Sartelet
- Bovine Clinic, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chad Harland
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nico Tamma
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Latifa Karim
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA-Genomic platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Calixte Bayrou
- Department of Pathology, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Wanbo Li
- Bovine Clinic, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Naima Ahariz
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA-Genomic platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Wouter Coppieters
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA-Genomic platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carole Charlier
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pfendner E. Next-generation sequencing: comprehensive genetic testing for epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:638-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.G. Pfendner
- GeneDx Inc.; 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg MD 20877 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schwieger-Briel A, Weibel L, Chmel N, Leppert J, Kernland-Lang K, Grüninger G, Has C. A COL7A1 variant leading to in-frame skipping of exon 15 attenuates disease severity in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1308-11. [PMID: 26076072 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schwieger-Briel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - L Weibel
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Chmel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - J Leppert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - K Kernland-Lang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Grüninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - C Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Has C, Nyström A. Epidermal Basement Membrane in Health and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:117-70. [PMID: 26610913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin, as the organ protecting the individual from environmental aggressions, constantly meets external insults and is dependent on mechanical toughness for its preserved function. Accordingly, the epidermal basement membrane (BM) zone has adapted to enforce tissue integrity. It harbors anchoring structures created through unique organization of common BM components and expression of proteins exclusive to the epidermal BM zone. Evidence for the importance of its correct assembly and the nonredundancy of its components for skin integrity is apparent from the multiple skin blistering disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins associated with the epidermal BM and from autoimmune disorders in which autoantibodies target these molecules. However, it has become clear that these proteins not only provide mechanical support but are also critically involved in tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the unique organization and components of the epidermal BM. A special focus will be given to its function during regeneration, and in inherited and acquired diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Has C, Kiritsi D. Therapies for inherited skin fragility disorders. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:325-31. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|