1
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Nunes JPF, Williams M, Yang J, Wolf TJA, Rankine CD, Parrish R, Moore B, Wilkin K, Shen X, Lin MF, Hegazy K, Li R, Weathersby S, Martinez TJ, Wang XJ, Centurion M. Photo-induced structural dynamics of o-nitrophenol by ultrafast electron diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38764355 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The photo-induced dynamics of o-nitrophenol, particularly its photolysis, has garnered significant scientific interest as a potential source of nitrous acid in the atmosphere. Although the photolysis products and preceding photo-induced electronic structure dynamics have been investigated extensively, the nuclear dynamics accompanying the non-radiative relaxation of o-nitrophenol on the ultrafast timescale, which include an intramolecular proton transfer step, have not been experimentally resolved. Herein, we present a direct observation of the ultrafast nuclear motions mediating photo-relaxation using ultrafast electron diffraction. This work spatiotemporally resolves the loss of planarity which enables access to a conical intersection between the first excited state and the ground state after the proton transfer step, on the femtosecond timescale and with sub-Angstrom resolution. Our observations, supported by ab initio multiple spawning simulations, provide new insights into the proton transfer mediated relaxation mechanism in o-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
| | - M Williams
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - J Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
| | - C D Rankine
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - R Parrish
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - B Moore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
| | - K Wilkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
| | - K Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - R Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
| | - S Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
| | - T J Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
- Physics Department, Universität Duisburg Essen, 47052 Duisburg, Research Center Chemical Sciences and Sustainability, Research Alliance Ruhr, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Physics Department, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Research Center Chemical Sciences and Sustainability, Research Alliance Ruhr, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
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2
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Lee Y, Oang KY, Kim D, Ihee H. A comparative review of time-resolved x-ray and electron scattering to probe structural dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:031301. [PMID: 38706888 PMCID: PMC11065455 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The structure of molecules, particularly the dynamic changes in structure, plays an essential role in understanding physical and chemical phenomena. Time-resolved (TR) scattering techniques serve as crucial experimental tools for studying structural dynamics, offering direct sensitivity to molecular structures through scattering signals. Over the past decade, the advent of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED) facilities has ushered TR scattering experiments into a new era, garnering significant attention. In this review, we delve into the basic principles of TR scattering experiments, especially focusing on those that employ x-rays and electrons. We highlight the variations in experimental conditions when employing x-rays vs electrons and discuss their complementarity. Additionally, cutting-edge XFELs and MeV-UED facilities for TR x-ray and electron scattering experiments and the experiments performed at those facilities are reviewed. As new facilities are constructed and existing ones undergo upgrades, the landscape for TR x-ray and electron scattering experiments is poised for further expansion. Through this review, we aim to facilitate the effective utilization of these emerging opportunities, assisting researchers in delving deeper into the intricate dynamics of molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Key Young Oang
- Radiation Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon 34057, South Korea
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3
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Jaiswal VK, Montorsi F, Aleotti F, Segatta F, Keefer D, Mukamel S, Nenov A, Conti I, Garavelli M. Ultrafast photochemistry and electron-diffraction spectra in n → (3s) Rydberg excited cyclobutanone resolved at the multireference perturbative level. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164316. [PMID: 38686819 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We study the ultrafast time evolution of cyclobutanone excited to the singlet n → Rydberg state through non-adiabatic surface-hopping simulationsperformed at extended multi-state complete active space second-order perturbation (XMS-CASPT2) level of theory. These dynamics predict relaxation to the ground-state with a timescale of 822 ± 45 fs with minimal involvement of the triplets. The major relaxation path to the ground-state involves a three-state degeneracy region and leads to a variety of fragmented photoproducts. We simulate the resulting time-resolved electron-diffraction spectra, which track the relaxation of the excited state and the formation of various photoproducts in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Jaiswal
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Montorsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Aleotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Segatta
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Gu Y, Yong H, Gu B, Mukamel S. Chemical bond reorganization in intramolecular proton transfer revealed by ultrafast X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321343121. [PMID: 38635639 PMCID: PMC11046627 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321343121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS) is used in a simulation study to monitor the excited state intramolecular proton transfer between oxygen and nitrogen atoms in 2-(iminomethyl)phenol. Real-time monitoring of the chemical bond breaking and forming processes is obtained through the time evolution of excited-state chemical shifts. By employing individual atomic probes of the proton donor and acceptor atoms, we predict distinct signals with opposite chemical shifts of the donor and acceptor groups during proton transfer. Details of the ultrafast bond breaking and forming dynamics are revealed by extending the classical electron spectroscopy chemical analysis to real time. Through a comparison with simulated time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at the valence level, the distinct advantage of TR-XPS is demonstrated thanks to its atom specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310030, China
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
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5
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Mukherjee S, Mattos RS, Toldo JM, Lischka H, Barbatti M. Prediction Challenge: Simulating Rydberg photoexcited cyclobutanone with surface hopping dynamics based on different electronic structure methods. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154306. [PMID: 38624122 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examines the nonadiabatic dynamics of cyclobutanone after excitation into the n → 3s Rydberg S2 state. It stems from our contribution to the Special Topic of the Journal of Chemical Physics to test the predictive capability of computational chemistry against unseen experimental data. Decoherence-corrected fewest-switches surface hopping was used to simulate nonadiabatic dynamics with full and approximated nonadiabatic couplings. Several simulation sets were computed with different electronic structure methods, including a multiconfigurational wavefunction [multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF)] specially built to describe dissociative channels, multireference semiempirical approach, time-dependent density functional theory, algebraic diagrammatic construction, and coupled cluster. MCSCF dynamics predicts a slow deactivation of the S2 state (10 ps), followed by an ultrafast population transfer from S1 to S0 (<100 fs). CO elimination (C3 channel) dominates over C2H4 formation (C2 channel). These findings radically differ from the other methods, which predicted S2 lifetimes 10-250 times shorter and C2 channel predominance. These results suggest that routine electronic structure methods may hold low predictive power for the outcome of nonadiabatic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael S Mattos
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Josene M Toldo
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
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6
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Janoš J, Figueira Nunes JP, Hollas D, Slavíček P, Curchod BFE. Predicting the photodynamics of cyclobutanone triggered by a laser pulse at 200 nm and its MeV-UED signals-A trajectory surface hopping and XMS-CASPT2 perspective. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144305. [PMID: 38591685 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This work is part of a prediction challenge that invited theoretical/computational chemists to predict the photochemistry of cyclobutanone in the gas phase, excited at 200 nm by a laser pulse, and the expected signal that will be recorded during a time-resolved megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED). We present here our theoretical predictions based on a combination of trajectory surface hopping with XMS-CASPT2 (for the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics) and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with MP2 (for the athermal ground-state dynamics following internal conversion), coined (NA+BO)MD. The initial conditions were sampled from Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics coupled to a quantum thermostat. Our simulations indicate that the main photoproducts after 2 ps of dynamics are CO + cyclopropane (50%), CO + propene (10%), and ethene and ketene (34%). The photoexcited cyclobutanone in its second excited electronic state S2 can follow two pathways for its nonradiative decay: (i) a ring-opening in S2 and a subsequent rapid decay to the ground electronic state, where the photoproducts are formed, or (ii) a transfer through a closed-ring conical intersection to S1, where cyclobutanone ring opens and then funnels to the ground state. Lifetimes for the photoproduct and electronic populations were determined. We calculated a stationary MeV-UED signal [difference pair distribution function-ΔPDF(r)] for each (interpolated) pathway as well as a time-resolved signal [ΔPDF(r,t) and ΔI/I(s,t)] for the full swarm of (NA+BO)MD trajectories. Furthermore, our analysis provides time-independent basis functions that can be used to fit the time-dependent experimental UED signals [both ΔPDF(r,t) and ΔI/I(s,t)] and potentially recover the population of photoproducts. We also offer a detailed analysis of the limitations of our model and their potential impact on the predicted experimental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Hollas
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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7
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Chen K, Yang J. Electron scattering beyond the independent atom model: Quantum fluctuation of the Coulomb potential. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:140901. [PMID: 38591674 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past century, electron scattering has mostly served as a powerful tool to measure the microscopic structure of gases, liquids, and solids in either a static or time-resolved manner. One common basis for these works is the independent atom model, which directly relates electron scattering signals to the atomic structure of matter. In this perspective, we explore the information content of electron scattering that goes beyond the independent atom model. We show that the small-angle limit of the electron scattering signal encodes the quantum mechanical fluctuation of the long-range Coulomb potential. This quantum fluctuation, described by the second moment of the dipole operator, is the root cause of the intermolecular van der Waals forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Basic Molecular Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Basic Molecular Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Suchan J, Liang F, Durden AS, Levine BG. Prediction challenge: First principles simulation of the ultrafast electron diffraction spectrum of cyclobutanone. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134310. [PMID: 38573851 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Computer simulation has long been an essential partner of ultrafast experiments, allowing the assignment of microscopic mechanistic detail to low-dimensional spectroscopic data. However, the ability of theory to make a priori predictions of ultrafast experimental results is relatively untested. Herein, as a part of a community challenge, we attempt to predict the signal of an upcoming ultrafast photochemical experiment using state-of-the-art theory in the context of preexisting experimental data. Specifically, we employ ab initio Ehrenfest with collapse to a block mixed quantum-classical simulations to describe the real-time evolution of the electrons and nuclei of cyclobutanone following excitation to the 3s Rydberg state. The gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) signal is simulated for direct comparison to an upcoming experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Following initial ring-opening, dissociation via two distinct channels is observed: the C3 dissociation channel, producing cyclopropane and CO, and the C2 channel, producing CH2CO and C2H4. Direct calculations of the GUED signal indicate how the ring-opened intermediate, the C2 products, and the C3 products can be discriminated in the GUED signal. We also report an a priori analysis of anticipated errors in our predictions: without knowledge of the experimental result, which features of the spectrum do we feel confident we have predicted correctly, and which might we have wrong?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Andrew S Durden
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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9
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Miao X, Diemer K, Mitrić R. A CASSCF/MRCI trajectory surface hopping simulation of the photochemical dynamics and the gas phase ultrafast electron diffraction patterns of cyclobutanone. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124309. [PMID: 38526800 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the simulation of the photochemical dynamics of cyclobutanone induced by the excitation of the 3 s Rydberg state. For this purpose, we apply the complete active space self-consistent field method together with the spin-orbit multireference configuration interaction singles treatment, combined with the trajectory surface hopping for the inclusion of nonadiabatic effects. The simulations were performed in the spin-adiabatic representation, including nine electronic states derived from three singlet and two triplet spin-diabatic states. Our simulations reproduce the two previously observed primary dissociation channels: the C2 pathway yielding C2H4 + CH2CO and the C3 pathway producing c-C3H6 + CO. In addition, two secondary products, CH2 + CO from the C2 pathway and C3H6 from the C3 pathway, both of them previously reported, are also observed in our simulation. We determine the ratio of the C3:C2 products to be about 2.8. Our findings show that most of the trajectories reach their electronic ground state within 200 fs, with dissociation events finished after 300 fs. We also identify the minimum energy conical intersections that are responsible for the relaxation and provide an analysis of the photochemical reaction mechanism based on multidimensional scaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate a minimal impact of triplet states on the photodissociation mechanism within the observed timescale. In order to provide a direct link to experiments, we simulate the gas phase ultrafast electron diffraction patterns and connect their features to the underlying structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Miao
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kira Diemer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Figueira Nunes JP, Ibele LM, Pathak S, Attar AR, Bhattacharyya S, Boll R, Borne K, Centurion M, Erk B, Lin MF, Forbes RJG, Goff N, Hansen CS, Hoffmann M, Holland DMP, Ingle RA, Luo D, Muvva SB, Reid AH, Rouzée A, Rudenko A, Saha SK, Shen X, Venkatachalam AS, Wang X, Ware MR, Weathersby SP, Wilkin K, Wolf TJA, Xiong Y, Yang J, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D, Curchod BFE. Monitoring the Evolution of Relative Product Populations at Early Times during a Photochemical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4134-4143. [PMID: 38317439 PMCID: PMC10870701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Identifying multiple rival reaction products and transient species formed during ultrafast photochemical reactions and determining their time-evolving relative populations are key steps toward understanding and predicting photochemical outcomes. Yet, most contemporary ultrafast studies struggle with clearly identifying and quantifying competing molecular structures/species among the emerging reaction products. Here, we show that mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction in combination with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations offer a powerful route to determining time-resolved populations of the various isomeric products formed after UV (266 nm) excitation of the five-membered heterocyclic molecule 2(5H)-thiophenone. This strategy provides experimental validation of the predicted high (∼50%) yield of an episulfide isomer containing a strained three-membered ring within ∼1 ps of photoexcitation and highlights the rapidity of interconversion between the rival highly vibrationally excited photoproducts in their ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Maria Ibele
- CNRS,
Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université
Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 9140, France
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Andrew R. Attar
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Kurtis Borne
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Martin Centurion
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches
Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ruaridh J. G. Forbes
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nathan Goff
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Matthias Hoffmann
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Rebecca A. Ingle
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Duan Luo
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sri Bhavya Muvva
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander H. Reid
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Sajib Kumar Saha
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anbu Selvam Venkatachalam
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matt R. Ware
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Kyle Wilkin
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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11
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Tikhonov DS. Regularized weighted sine least-squares spectral analysis for gas electron diffraction data. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:174101. [PMID: 37909450 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a new approach for obtaining radial distribution functions (RDF) from the electron diffraction data using a regularized weighted sine least-squares spectral analysis. It allows for explicitly transferring the measured experimental uncertainties in the reduced molecular scattering function to the produced RDF. We provide a numerical demonstration, discuss the uncertainties and correlations in the RDFs, and suggest a regularization parameter choice criterion. The approach is also applicable for other diffraction data, e.g., for x-ray or neutron diffraction of liquid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Tikhonov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Siddiqui KM, Durham DB, Cropp F, Ji F, Paiagua S, Ophus C, Andresen NC, Jin L, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang X, You W, Murnane M, Centurion M, Wang X, Slaughter DS, Kaindl RA, Musumeci P, Minor AM, Filippetto D. Relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction at high repetition rates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064302. [PMID: 38058995 PMCID: PMC10697722 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) emerge as one of the forefront techniques with the sensitivity to resolve atomic motions. Increasingly sophisticated UED instruments are being developed that are aimed at increasing the beam brightness in order to observe structural signatures, but so far they have been limited to low average current beams. Here, we present the technical design and capabilities of the HiRES (High Repetition-rate Electron Scattering) instrument, which blends relativistic electrons and high repetition rates to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in average beam current compared to the existing state-of-the-art instruments. The setup utilizes a novel electron source to deliver femtosecond duration electron pulses at up to MHz repetition rates for UED experiments. Instrument response function of sub-500 fs is demonstrated with < 100 fs time resolution targeted in future. We provide example cases of diffraction measurements on solid-state and gas-phase samples, including both micro- and nanodiffraction (featuring 100 nm beam size) modes, which showcase the potential of the instrument for novel UED experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Siddiqui
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - F. Ji
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Paiagua
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C. Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N. C. Andresen
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L. Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W. You
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - D. S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P. Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - D. Filippetto
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Champenois EG, List NH, Ware M, Britton M, Bucksbaum PH, Cheng X, Centurion M, Cryan JP, Forbes R, Gabalski I, Hegazy K, Hoffmann MC, Howard AJ, Ji F, Lin MF, Nunes JPF, Shen X, Yang J, Wang X, Martinez TJ, Wolf TJA. Femtosecond Electronic and Hydrogen Structural Dynamics in Ammonia Imaged with Ultrafast Electron Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:143001. [PMID: 37862660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Directly imaging structural dynamics involving hydrogen atoms by ultrafast diffraction methods is complicated by their low scattering cross sections. Here we demonstrate that megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction is sufficiently sensitive to follow hydrogen dynamics in isolated molecules. In a study of the photodissociation of gas phase ammonia, we simultaneously observe signatures of the nuclear and corresponding electronic structure changes resulting from the dissociation dynamics in the time-dependent diffraction. Both assignments are confirmed by ab initio simulations of the photochemical dynamics and the resulting diffraction observable. While the temporal resolution of the experiment is insufficient to resolve the dissociation in time, our results represent an important step towards the observation of proton dynamics in real space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nanna H List
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ian Gabalski
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kareem Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fuhao Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Pedro F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Sanchez DM, Ware MR, Champenois EG, Yang J, Nunes JPF, Attar A, Centurion M, Cryan JP, Forbes R, Hegazy K, Hoffmann MC, Ji F, Lin MF, Luo D, Saha SK, Shen X, Wang XJ, Martínez TJ, Wolf TJA. Rehybridization dynamics into the pericyclic minimum of an electrocyclic reaction imaged in real-time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2795. [PMID: 37202402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocyclic reactions are characterized by the concerted formation and cleavage of both σ and π bonds through a cyclic structure. This structure is known as a pericyclic transition state for thermal reactions and a pericyclic minimum in the excited state for photochemical reactions. However, the structure of the pericyclic geometry has yet to be observed experimentally. We use a combination of ultrafast electron diffraction and excited state wavepacket simulations to image structural dynamics through the pericyclic minimum of a photochemical electrocyclic ring-opening reaction in the molecule α-terpinene. The structural motion into the pericyclic minimum is dominated by rehybridization of two carbon atoms, which is required for the transformation from two to three conjugated π bonds. The σ bond dissociation largely happens after internal conversion from the pericyclic minimum to the electronic ground state. These findings may be transferrable to electrocyclic reactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - D M Sanchez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Design Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Yang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Mong Man Wai Building of Science and Technology, S-1027 Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - A Attar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - K Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M C Hoffmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - F Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - T J Martínez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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15
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Morimoto Y. Attosecond electron-beam technology: a review of recent progress. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023; 72:2-17. [PMID: 36269108 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopy and diffraction with ultrashort pulsed electron beams are capable of imaging transient phenomena with the combined ultrafast temporal and atomic-scale spatial resolutions. The emerging field of optical electron beam control allowed the manipulation of relativistic and sub-relativistic electron beams at the level of optical cycles. Specifically, it enabled the generation of electron beams in the form of attosecond pulse trains and individual attosecond pulses. In this review, we describe the basics of the attosecond electron beam control and overview the recent experimental progress. High-energy electron pulses of attosecond sub-optical cycle duration open up novel opportunities for space-time-resolved imaging of ultrafast chemical and physical processes, coherent photon generation, free electron quantum optics, electron-atom scattering with shaped wave packets and laser-driven particle acceleration. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Morimoto
- Ultrashort Electron Beam Science RIKEN Hakubi research team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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16
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Yong H, Keefer D, Mukamel S. Novel Ultrafast Molecular Imaging Based on the Combination of X-ray and Electron Diffraction. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:835-841. [PMID: 36650121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of X-ray free-electron lasers and megaelectronvolt radio-frequency electron guns have made ultrafast X-ray and electron diffraction measurements possible, thereby capturing chemical dynamics with atomic-spatial and femtosecond-temporal resolutions. We present a unified formulation of standard homodyne-detected and heterodyne-detected signals for both techniques. Noting that X-rays scatter from molecular electrons while electrons scatter from both molecular electrons and nuclei, we show how the two diffraction signals can be combined to reveal novel chemical information that is unavailable by solely using each technique alone. By subtracting the homodyne-detected X-ray and electron diffraction signals, a mixed electronic-nuclear interference in electron diffraction can be identified with a self-heterodyne nature for the direct imaging of attosecond electron dynamics where the scattering off molecular nuclei serves as a local oscillator for the scattering off molecular electrons. By subtracting heterodyne-detected X-ray and electron diffraction, the purely nuclear charge density can be singled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
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17
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Yong H, Sun S, Gu B, Mukamel S. Attosecond Charge Migration in Molecules Imaged by Combined X-ray and Electron Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20710-20716. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Shichao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92697, United States
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18
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Chakraborty P, Liu Y, McClung S, Weinacht T, Matsika S. Nonadiabatic Excited State Dynamics of Organic Chromophores: Take-Home Messages. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6021-6031. [PMID: 36069531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic excited state dynamics are important in a variety of processes. Theoretical and experimental developments have allowed for a great progress in this area, while combining the two is often necessary and the best approach to obtain insight into the photophysical behavior of molecules. In this Feature Article we use examples of our recent work combining time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with theoretical nonadiabatic dynamics to highlight important lessons we learned. We compare the nonadiabatic excited state dynamics of three different organic molecules with the aim of elucidating connections between structure and dynamics. Calculations and measurements are compared for uracil, 1,3-cyclooctadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. The comparison highlights the role of rigidity in influencing the dynamics and the difficulty of capturing the dynamics accurately with calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Samuel McClung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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19
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Yong H, Rouxel JR, Keefer D, Mukamel S. Direct Monitoring of Conical Intersection Passage via Electronic Coherences in Twisted X-Ray Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:103001. [PMID: 36112435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum coherences in electronic motions play a critical role in determining the pathways and outcomes of virtually all photophysical and photochemical molecular processes. However, the direct observation of electronic coherences in the vicinity of conical intersections remains a formidable challenge. We propose a novel time-resolved twisted x-ray diffraction technique that can directly monitor the electronic coherences created as the molecule passes through a conical intersection. We show that the contribution of electronic populations to this signal is canceled out when using twisted x-ray beams that carry a light orbital angular momentum, providing a direct measurement of transient electronic coherences in gas-phase molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- University Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Graduate School Optics Institute, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne 42023, France
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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20
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Ki H, Kim TW, Moon J, Kim J, Lee Y, Heo J, Kim KH, Kong Q, Khakhulin D, Newby G, Kim J, Kim J, Wulff M, Ihee H. Photoactivation of triosmium dodecacarbonyl at 400 nm probed with time-resolved X-ray liquidography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7380-7383. [PMID: 35695475 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoactivation mechanism of Os3(CO)12 at 400 nm is examined with time-resolved X-ray liquidography. The data reveal two pathways: the vibrational relaxation following an internal conversion to the electronic ground state and the ligand dissociation to form Os3(CO)11 with a ligand vacancy at the axial position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Ki
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Heo
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Gemma Newby
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Joonghan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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