1
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Walmsley T, Unwin J, Allum F, Bari S, Boll R, Borne K, Brouard M, Bucksbaum P, Ekanayake N, Erk B, Forbes R, Howard AJ, Eng-Johnsson P, Lee JWL, Liu Z, Manschwetus B, Mason R, Passow C, Peschel J, Rivas D, Rolles D, Rörig A, Rouzée A, Vallance C, Ziaee F, Burt M. Characterizing the multi-dimensional reaction dynamics of dihalomethanes using XUV-induced Coulomb explosion imaging. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144302. [PMID: 37823458 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-selective probing of iodine 4d orbitals at 13.1 nm was used to characterize the photolysis of CH2I2 and CH2BrI initiated at 202.5 nm. Time-dependent fragment ion momenta were recorded using Coulomb explosion imaging mass spectrometry and used to determine the structural dynamics of the dissociating molecules. Correlations between these fragment momenta, as well as the onset times of electron transfer reactions between them, indicate that each molecule can undergo neutral three-body photolysis. For CH2I2, the structural evolution of the neutral molecule was simultaneously characterized along the C-I and I-C-I coordinates, demonstrating the sensitivity of these measurements to nuclear motion along multiple degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Walmsley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - J Unwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - F Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - S Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K Borne
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - P Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Ekanayake
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Eng-Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J W L Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Z Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - B Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Mason
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - C Passow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Rivas
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - D Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - A Rörig
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - F Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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2
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Liu Y, Sanchez DM, Ware MR, Champenois EG, Yang J, Nunes JPF, Attar A, Centurion M, Cryan JP, Forbes R, Hegazy K, Hoffmann MC, Ji F, Lin MF, Luo D, Saha SK, Shen X, Wang XJ, Martínez TJ, Wolf TJA. Rehybridization dynamics into the pericyclic minimum of an electrocyclic reaction imaged in real-time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2795. [PMID: 37202402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocyclic reactions are characterized by the concerted formation and cleavage of both σ and π bonds through a cyclic structure. This structure is known as a pericyclic transition state for thermal reactions and a pericyclic minimum in the excited state for photochemical reactions. However, the structure of the pericyclic geometry has yet to be observed experimentally. We use a combination of ultrafast electron diffraction and excited state wavepacket simulations to image structural dynamics through the pericyclic minimum of a photochemical electrocyclic ring-opening reaction in the molecule α-terpinene. The structural motion into the pericyclic minimum is dominated by rehybridization of two carbon atoms, which is required for the transformation from two to three conjugated π bonds. The σ bond dissociation largely happens after internal conversion from the pericyclic minimum to the electronic ground state. These findings may be transferrable to electrocyclic reactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - D M Sanchez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Design Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Yang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Mong Man Wai Building of Science and Technology, S-1027 Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - A Attar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - K Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M C Hoffmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - F Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - T J Martínez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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3
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Abstract
We present a comparison of the photoionization dynamics of the 4d shell of XeF2 from threshold to 250 eV to those of the prototypical 4d shell of atomic Xe. The new experimental data include spin-orbit and ligand-field-resolved partial cross sections, photoelectron angular distributions, branching fractions, and lifetime widths for the 4d-hole states. The spin-orbit branching fractions and angular distributions are remarkably similar to the corresponding distributions from atomic Xe across a broad energy interval that includes both the intense shape resonance in the f continuum and a Cooper minimum in the same channel. The angular distributions and branching fractions are also in reasonably good agreement with our first-principles theoretical calculations on XeF2. Data are also presented on the lifetime widths of the substate-resolved 4d-hole states of XeF2. While the trends in the widths are similar to those in the earlier experimental and theoretical work, the linewidths are considerably smaller than in the previous measurements, which may require some reinterpretation of the decay mechanism. Finally, we present new data and an analysis of the Auger electron spectra for ionization above the 4d thresholds and resonant Auger spectra for several pre-edge features.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - I Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - J D Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D M P Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - S T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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4
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Champenois EG, Sanchez DM, Yang J, Figueira Nunes JP, Attar A, Centurion M, Forbes R, Gühr M, Hegazy K, Ji F, Saha SK, Liu Y, Lin MF, Luo D, Moore B, Shen X, Ware MR, Wang XJ, Martínez TJ, Wolf TJA. Conformer-specific photochemistry imaged in real space and time. Science 2021; 374:178-182. [PMID: 34618569 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D M Sanchez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Yang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J P Figueira Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - A Attar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - R Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Gühr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - K Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - B Moore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - T J Martínez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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5
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Ding X, Forbes R, Kübel M, Lee KF, Spanner M, Naumov AY, Villeneuve DM, Stolow A, Corkum PB, Staudte A. Threshold photodissociation dynamics of NO2 studied by time-resolved cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5095430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ding
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - R. Forbes
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M. Kübel
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kevin F. Lee
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - M. Spanner
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A. Yu. Naumov
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D. M. Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A. Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - P. B. Corkum
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A. Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Trofimov AB, Belogolova AM, Serebrennikova SA, Forbes R, Pratt ST, Holland DMP. An experimental and theoretical study of the C 1s ionization satellites in CH 3I. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:224303. [PMID: 31202236 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The C 1s ionization spectrum of CH3I has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Synchrotron radiation has been employed to record polarization dependent photoelectron spectra at a photon energy of 614 eV. These spectra encompass the main-line due to the C 1s single-hole state and the peaks associated with the shake-up satellites. Vertical ionization energies and relative photoelectron intensities have been computed using the fourth-order algebraic-diagrammatic construction approximation scheme for the one-particle Green's function and the 6-311++G** basis set. The theoretical spectrum derived from these calculations agrees qualitatively with the experimental results, thereby allowing the principal spectral features to be assigned. According to our calculations, two 2A1 shake-up states of the C 1s-1 σCI → σCI * type with singlet and triplet intermediate coupling of the electron spins (S' = 0, 1) play an important role in the spectrum and contribute significantly to the overall intensity. Both of these states are expected to have dissociative diabatic potential energy surfaces with respect to the C-I separation. Whereas the upper of these states perturbs the manifold of Rydberg states, the lower state forms a band which is characterized by a strongly increased width. Our results indicate that the lowest shake-up peak with significant spectral intensity is due to the pair (S' = 0, 1) of 2E (C 1s-1 I 5p → σCI *) states. We predict that these 2E states acquire photoelectron intensity due to spin-orbit interaction. Such interactions play an important role here due to the involvement of the I 5p orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A M Belogolova
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - S A Serebrennikova
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - R Forbes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D M P Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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Morcrette CJ, Van Weverberg K, Ma HY, Ahlgrimm M, Bazile E, Berg LK, Cheng A, Cheruy F, Cole J, Forbes R, Gustafson WI, Huang M, Lee WS, Liu Y, Mellul L, Merryfield WJ, Qian Y, Roehrig R, Wang YC, Xie S, Xu KM, Zhang C, Klein S, Petch J. Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near-Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains. J Geophys Res Atmos 2018; 123:2655-2683. [PMID: 33479573 PMCID: PMC7816730 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Clouds Above the United States and Errors at the Surface (CAUSES) project with its aim of better understanding the physical processes leading to warm screen temperature biases over the American Midwest in many numerical models. In this first of four companion papers, 11 different models, from nine institutes, perform a series of 5 day hindcasts, each initialized from reanalyses. After describing the common experimental protocol and detailing each model configuration, a gridded temperature data set is derived from observations and used to show that all the models have a warm bias over parts of the Midwest. Additionally, a strong diurnal cycle in the screen temperature bias is found in most models. In some models the bias is largest around midday, while in others it is largest during the night. At the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, the model biases are shown to extend several kilometers into the atmosphere. Finally, to provide context for the companion papers, in which observations from the SGP site are used to evaluate the different processes contributing to errors there, it is shown that there are numerous locations across the Midwest where the diurnal cycle of the error is highly correlated with the diurnal cycle of the error at SGP. This suggests that conclusions drawn from detailed evaluation of models using instruments located at SGP will be representative of errors that are prevalent over a larger spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H-Y Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M Ahlgrimm
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - E Bazile
- CNRM, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - L K Berg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A Cheng
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - F Cheruy
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - J Cole
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Forbes
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - W I Gustafson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - M Huang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - W-S Lee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - L Mellul
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - W J Merryfield
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - R Roehrig
- CNRM, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - S Xie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - K-M Xu
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - S Klein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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8
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Forbes R, Mandrusiak A, Smith M, Russell T. Training physiotherapy students to educate patients: A randomised controlled trial. Patient Educ Couns 2018; 101:295-303. [PMID: 28847438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a training intervention on physiotherapy students' self-efficacy and skills in the area of patient education. METHODS Final year physiotherapy students were randomised to an intervention group or a wait-list control group. The intervention group participated in a 3.5h training intervention about patient education that included video observation, simulated patient practice and structured feedback. The control group did not receive any training. Self-efficacy was assessed at baseline (T1) and after the intervention (or no intervention for the control group) (T2). Patient education performance was assessed by a blinded rater from a video-recorded standardised clinical examination. RESULTS 83 students were randomised to the intervention group and 81 students to the control group. There were no differences in demographic variables or self-efficacy between groups at baseline. There was significant improvement in self-efficacy for the intervention group, but no change for the control group. The intervention group performed significantly better than the control group for nine of the eleven performance items, with significantly higher scores overall. CONCLUSION A training intervention enhances physiotherapy student self-efficacy and performance in patient education. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Use of patient education training is recommended to enhance student self-efficacy and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Forbes
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Mandrusiak
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - M Smith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - T Russell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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9
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Forbes R, Smith S, Ritchie A, O'Sullivan J, Mantovani S. A case-control spectral analysis of sleep in Friedreich's Ataxia. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Howell K, Forbes R, Burgess T, O’Reilly D, DuSart D, Chong B, Clarke N, McLean C, Leventer R, Laing N, Wilton S, Ryan M. D.O.2 Microarray testing for developmental delay reveals an expanded clinical spectrum of dystrophinopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Yindom LM, Forbes R, Aka P, Janha O, Jeffries D, Jallow M, Conway DJ, Walther M. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 79:104-13. [PMID: 22220719 PMCID: PMC3320664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of innate immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum infection, in particular the central role of natural killer (NK) cell-derived interferon gamma (IFN-γ), is becoming increasingly recognised. Recently, it has been shown that IFN-γ production in response to P. falciparum antigens is in part regulated by killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, and a study from malaria-exposed Melanesians suggested an association between KIR genotypes and susceptibility to infection. This prompted us to determine and compare the frequencies of 15 KIR genes in Gambian children presenting with either severe malaria (n = 133) or uncomplicated malaria (n = 188) and in cord-blood population control samples (n = 314) collected from the same area. While no significant differences were observed between severe and uncomplicated cases, proportions of individuals with KIR2DS2+C1 and KIR2DL2+C1 were significantly higher among malaria cases overall than in population control samples. In an exploratory analysis, activating KIR genes KIR2DS2, KIR3DS1 and KIR2DS5 were slightly higher in children in disease subgroups associated with the highest mortality. In addition, our data suggest that homozygosity for KIR genotype A might be associated with different malaria outcomes including protection from infection and higher blood parasitaemia levels in those that do get infected. These findings are consistent with a probable role of KIR genes in determining susceptibility to malaria, and further studies are warranted in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Yindom
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia.
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Ozcan A, Ware K, Calomeni E, Nadasdy T, Forbes R, Satoskar AA, Nadasdy G, Rovin BH, Hebert LA, Brodsky SV. 5/6 nephrectomy as a validated rat model mimicking human warfarin-related nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2012; 35:356-64. [PMID: 22473220 DOI: 10.1159/000337918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We previously reported that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving warfarin therapy and whose international normalized ratio increases to >3.0 may develop acute kidney injury (AKI) as a result of glomerular hemorrhage and formation of obstructive red blood cell (RBC) casts. We named this condition warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN). We also previously reported that acute excessive anticoagulation with brodifacoum (superwarfarin) induces AKI in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) rats. Limitations of the brodifacoum model precluded a careful assessment of dose-response relationships. METHODS Warfarin treatment was used in 5/6NE. RESULTS Herein we report that warfarin treatment of 5/6NE rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in serum creatinine (SC). The increase in SC following warfarin treatment was greater at 3 and 19 weeks after the ablative surgery, than that observed 8 weeks after the ablative surgery. The SC increase was correlated with the prothrombin time increase. Morphologically, 5/6NE, but not control rats, had acute tubular injury with RBC and RBC casts in the tubules. Treatment with vitamin K prevented SC increase and morphologic changes in the kidney associated with warfarin treatment. A single episode of WRN did not affect the progression of CKD in 5/6NE. CONCLUSION (1) The 5/6NE model of CKD is an appropriate animal model to study the pathogenesis of WRN. (2) The pharmacokinetics of warfarin is better suited to the study of WRN than that of brodifacoum. (3) The more advanced stages of 5/6NE are more susceptible to WRN than the earlier stages. (4) Vitamin K treatment prevents WRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozcan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Devenney E, Gray O, Forbes R. 083 What is the aetiology of thunderclap headache? A systematic review of the causes of acute severe headache. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Peukert T, Forbes R, Gray O. 072 Lumbar puncture audit: do atraumatic needle matter? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Loze JY, Mankoski R, Zhao J, Carson W, Youngstrom E, Findling R, Forbes R, Landsberg W. P01-226-Line item analysis in paediatric patients with bipolar I disorder treated with aripiprazole. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAripiprazole has demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of paediatric patients (10–17 years) with a manic or mixed episode associated with bipolar I disorder in a clinical trial that utilised the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total score as the primary outcome measure.Objectives/aimThis analysis evaluated the profile of discrete symptom response using the YMRS and other measures.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of individual items of the YMRS and the parent or subject version of the General Behaviour Inventory (GBI) Mania and Depression scales using data from a 4-week, double-blind, randomised trial that compared aripiprazole (10 or 30 mg/day, n = 197) with placebo (n = 99).ResultsIn total, 296 patients were randomised; 80% completed the study. Significant decreases at Week 4 (p < 0.05) were seen in eight YMRS items: elevated mood, increased motor activity/energy, need for sleep, irritability, speech (rate and amount), language/thought disorder, abnormal thought content and disruptive/aggressive behaviour. For the GBI, effect sizes for parent-reported mania items were medium to large (for example, 0.41 for ‘depressed but high energy’ to 0.78 for ‘rage combined with unusually happy’) but were consistently small on subject self-reported items of mania and depression and, for the overall scale, had the poorest agreement with clinician ratings.ConclusionsAripiprazole demonstrated improvements in some of the more troublesome symptoms of paediatric patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing an acute manic or mixed episode. Of note, irritability and aggression showed large treatment effects on both clinician and parent-reported measures, but less so for subject-reported measures.
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Gismondi R, Clayton A, Baker R, Forbes R, Marler S, Berman R. Effect of aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressants on sexual functioning: A subgroup analysis of a 52-week open-label safety study (CN138–164). Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis presentation addresses impacts of adjunctive aripiprazole (AA) in major depressive disorder (MDD).ObjectiveAssess impacts of long-term (≤52 weeks) open-label AA to ADT on efficacy, sexual function and weight change in MDD.MethodsData were analyzed post-hoc from de novo patients enrolled in an open-label safety study of AA after inadequate response to one or more ADT. Three ADT classes were included: SSRIs, SNRIs, and a noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion.Global well-being with AA was assessed (mean change in CGI-S score from baseline by ADT). Sexual functioning was assessed by Sexual Function Inventory (SFI) items: interest in sex, sexual arousal, achievement of orgasm, erection maintenance and sexual satisfaction. Item 6 captured change in the overall improvement score. Weight change at Week 52 (last observation carried forward) was assessed.ResultsOverall mean change in CGI-S (n = 285) by Week 52 was -1.5. Mean changes in CGI-S from baseline scores (4.2-4.4) were: escitalopram (n=64) -1.5, venlafaxine XL (n = 48) -1.4, sertraline (n = 39) -1.7, fluoxetine (n = 41) -1.3, paroxetine or CR (n = 37) -1.5 and bupropion XL or SR (n = 46) -1.4. Improvements on SFI items (n = 155) ranged from -0.2 (sexual satisfaction) to -0.6 (interest in sex and orgasm). Mean overall improvement score (3.8) indicated mild-to-moderate sexual dysfunction. All AA groups experienced a mean weight increase (range +1.8 kg [sertraline] to +3.3 kg [fluoxetine]).ConclusionsAA moderately improved CGI-S scores (to a similar degree) when added to three different classes of ADTs. Sexual functioning in patients on ADT modestly improved after adding aripiprazole to ADT.
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Abstract
A series of studies was undertaken in 1989 to validate the data held by the Western Australian Congenital Malformations Registry. Comparison with hospital discharge data identified 1585 children six years of age or younger with malformations discharged from hospitals in Western Australia in 1986, 226 of whom were not already recorded on the Congenital Malformations Register. When the records of a special register for cleft lip and palate were examined, all cases of facial cleft known to the special register were also recorded on the Malformations Register. Comparison of the Western Australian data for major groups of malformations with data from the South Australian Birth Defects Register raised the possibility of under ascertainment in Western Australia of cases of congenital heart disease. Multiple sources of ascertainment and evaluation of the ways in which such sources are tapped are important factors in striving for complete and accurate information on congenital malformations for research and public health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bower
- Western Australian Congenital Malformations Registry, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco
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Gismondi R, Loze JY, Baker R, Jing Y, Corey-Lisle P, Rollin L, Tran QV, Forbes R, Berman R. PW01-11 - Effect of adjunctive aripiprazole on quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder: pooled data from three clinical trials. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Loze JY, Gismondi R, Baker R, Nashat M, Corey-Lisle P, Rollin L, Tran QV, Forbes R, Berman R, Marcus R. P01-58 - Adjunctive aripiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder: pooled data on functioning from three clinical trials. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jaques AM, Halliday JL, Francis I, Bonacquisto L, Forbes R, Cronin A, Sheffield LJ. Follow up and evaluation of the Victorian first-trimester combined screening programme for Down syndrome and trisomy 18. BJOG 2007; 114:812-8. [PMID: 17501960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to follow up and evaluate the statewide first-trimester combined screening programme for Down syndrome and trisomy 18 at Genetic Health Services Victoria, Australia. DESIGN Retrospective population cohort. SETTING Maternal Serum Screening Laboratory records. SAMPLE All women screened between February 2000 and June 2002 (16,153 pregnancies). METHODS Screening results were matched to Victorian perinatal and birth defect data via record linkage, with an ascertainment of 96.8% of pregnancy outcomes. Manual follow up with health professionals increased ascertainment to more than 99%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fetal Down syndrome or trisomy 18, and combined screen results, to calculate test characteristics. RESULTS Using a risk threshold of 1 in 300 at time of ultrasound, the sensitivities for standard first-trimester combined screening and augmented 13-week combined screening for Down syndrome were 87.3 and 90.5% and the false-positive rates (FPR) were 4.1 and 3.9%, respectively. The sensitivity for trisomy 18 was 66.7% (10/15, 95% CI 42.8-90.5%) with a 0.4% FPR and 15.2% positive predictive value (1 in 250 risk threshold). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of record linkage and manual follow-up techniques was effective in ascertaining more than 99% of pregnancy outcomes for calculations of accurate test characteristics of the combined screen. The sensitivity for Down syndrome at Genetic Health is comparable to similar populations. However, the sensitivity for trisomy 18 is lower than that elsewhere, which may reflect the overall low birth prevalence of trisomy 18 and associated small numbers in this particular cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jaques
- Public Health Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Scanga JA, Hoffman T, Picanso J, Rajopadhye SV, Kim DG, Gupta A, Forbes R, Ladd J, Burns PJ. Development of computational models for the purpose of conducting individual livestock and premises traceback investigations utilizing National Animal Identification System-compliant data. J Anim Sci 2006; 85:503-11. [PMID: 17040946 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the efforts surrounding the development of the National Animal Identification System have encompassed the identification of livestock production and handling premises as well as individuals or herds of animals, whereas little effort has been directed toward the ultimate goal of animal traceback within 48 h. A mock data set representative of the Colorado cattle population was created for modeling of cattle traceability. Using this data set, algorithms were developed to complete rapid and accurate traceback and traceforward of animals or premises or both. On July 19, 2005, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, in conjunction with the Colorado Department of Agriculture, conducted a test exercise pertaining to homeland security. The exercise team randomly identified animal number 926,583 (of the 2 million total animals) as a potentially infected animal of interest and requested a traceback of this animal. Traceback was accomplished in 215 s, and 540 primary coresident animals were identified. However, due to animal movements, the number of coresidents (animals exposed, directly or indirectly, to the animal of interest) expanded with coresidency level (level 1 = direct contact; level 2 = direct contact with an animal that had direct contact with the animal of interest; level 3 = direct contact with an animal that had contact with an animal that had direct contact with the animal of interest, etc.) to more than 1.2 million coresidents at level 4, and more than 90% of all animals identified as a coresident at some level. In addition to the coresidency results, the premises containing the coresidents were identified and sorted by the number of coresidents. Because of animal movement, all 19,391 premises included in the data set had coresidents at some level. This exercise demonstrated the capability of the developed algorithms to complete rapid traceback and the complexity of the resulting animal traceback output.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Scanga
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA.
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Trevett AJ, Sheehan C, Forbes R. Decompression illness presenting as breast pain. Undersea Hyperb Med 2006; 33:77-9. [PMID: 16716055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present two cases of decompression illness in women in whom the initial symptom causing distress after completion of the dives was breast pain. Both women were also subsequently found to have a patent foramen ovale. We postulate that breast pain may be an unusual under-recognized manifestation of decompression illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Trevett
- Stromness Surgery, John Street, Stromness, Orkney, Scotland, UK KW16 3AD
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Abstract
Scapa Flow in Orkney is one of the major world centres for wreck diving. Because of the geography of Orkney and the nature of the diving, it is possible to make relatively accurate estimates of the number of dives taking place. The denominator of dive activity allows the unusual opportunity of precise calculation of accident rates. In 1999, one in every 178 sports divers visiting Orkney was involved in a significant accident, in 2000 the figure was one in 102. Some of these accidents appear to have been predictable and could be avoided by better education and preparation of visiting divers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Trevett
- Heriot Watt University Dive Unit, ICIT Stromness.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective communication with patients is critical to effective nursing practice. Surprisingly, there is little information on nurses' experiences in caring for patients who are unable to speak. PURPOSE AND METHOD This study provides descriptive information from interviews with 20 nurses who cared for patients with severe communication impairment. The interview protocol explored positive and negative experiences of nursing patients with severe communication impairment. Frequency counts and descriptive analyses were conducted to identify the major themes emerging from the interviews. RESULTS The results suggest that nurse-patient communication is difficult when the patient has severe communication impairment, although some nurses discovered effective strategies to facilitate communication with such patients. Many of the difficulties could be viewed as a breakdown in understanding arising from the lack of a readily interpretable communication system that could be used by nurse and patient. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a need for training nurses in the use of alternative modes of communication. Nurses also need access to a variety of simple augmentative communication devices for use with patients who are unable to speak. Finally, nurses should collaborate with speech pathologists on the development of preadmission information and bedside training for people who are admitted to hospital with severe communication impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hemsley
- Centre for Developmental Disability Studies, Sydney, Australia
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Tubridy N, Behan PO, Capildeo R, Chaudhuri A, Forbes R, Hawkins CP, Hughes RA, Palace J, Sharrack B, Swingler R, Young C, Moseley IF, MacManus DG, Donoghue S, Miller DH. The effect of anti-alpha4 integrin antibody on brain lesion activity in MS. The UK Antegren Study Group. Neurology 1999; 53:466-72. [PMID: 10449105 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.53.3.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of humanized monoclonal antibody against alpha4 integrin (reactive with alpha4beta1 integrin or very-late antigen-4) on MRI lesion activity in MS. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 72 patients with active relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS was performed. Each patient received two IV infusions of anti-alpha4 integrin antibody (natalizumab; Antegren) or placebo 4 weeks apart and was followed up for 24 weeks with serial MRI and clinical assessment. RESULTS The treated group exhibited significantly fewer new active lesions (mean 1.8 versus 3.6 per patient) and new enhancing lesions (mean 1.6 versus 3.3 per patient) than the placebo group over the first 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in the number of new active or new enhancing lesions in the second 12 weeks of the study. The number of baseline-enhancing lesions (i.e., lesions that enhanced on the baseline scan) that continued to enhance 4 weeks following the first treatment was not significantly different between the two groups. The number of patients with acute MS exacerbations was not significantly different in the two groups during the first 12 weeks (9 in the treated group versus 10 in placebo) but was higher in the treatment group in the second 12 weeks (14 versus 3; p = 0.005). The study was not, however, designed to look definitively at the effect of treatment on relapse rate. Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment with monoclonal antibody against alpha4 integrin results in a significant reduction in the number of new active lesions on MRI. Further studies will be required to determine the longer term effect of this treatment on MRI and clinical outcomes.
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Forbes R. Smoke-free soccer: US women take the lead. Tob Control 1996; 5:105-6. [PMID: 8910988 PMCID: PMC1759495 DOI: 10.1136/tc.5.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Nkanga S, Aseno O, Forbes R. A hazard of an anesthesia delivery system in a developing country: intraoperative subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and cardiac arrest. Anesth Analg 1995; 80:424-6. [PMID: 7818138 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199502000-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nkanga
- Institute of Anaesthesia Training and Research, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
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Forbes R, Murray D. Update on local anesthetics. Iowa Med 1994; 84:72-7. [PMID: 8163355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Forbes
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City
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Lee JM, Stormshak F, Thompson JM, Thinesen P, Painter LJ, Olenchek EG, Hess DL, Forbes R, Foster DL. Melatonin secretion and puberty in female lambs exposed to environmental electric and magnetic fields. Biol Reprod 1993; 49:857-64. [PMID: 8218652 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether chronic exposure of female lambs to the electric and magnetic fields (EMF) of a high voltage transmission line can alter pineal secretion of melatonin and the normal occurrence of puberty. Twenty female Suffolk lambs were assigned randomly in equal numbers to a control and a treatment group. Treatment from 2 to 10 mo of age consisted of continuous exposure within the electrical environment of a 500-kV transmission line (mean electric field 6 kV/m, mean magnetic field 40 mG). Treated lambs were penned directly beneath the transmission line; control lambs were maintained in a pen of similar construction 229 m from the line where EMF were at ambient levels (mean electric field < 10 V/m, mean magnetic field < 0.3 mG). Melatonin was analyzed by RIA in serum of blood samples collected at 0.5-3-h intervals over eight 48-h periods. To assess attainment of puberty, serum concentrations of progesterone were determined by RIA from blood samples collected twice weekly beginning at 19 wk of age. Concentrations of circulating melatonin in control and treated lambs were low during daylight hours and increased during nighttime hours. The characteristic pattern of melatonin secretion during nighttime (amplitude, phase, and duration) did not differ between control and treatment groups. Age at puberty and number of subsequent estrous cycles also did not differ between groups. These data suggest that chronic exposure of developing female sheep to 60-Hz environmental EMF does not affect the mechanisms underlying the generation of the circadian pattern of melatonin secretion or the mechanisms involved in the onset of reproductive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-6702
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Bower C, Forbes R, Seward M, Stanley F. Congenital malformations in aborigines and non-aborigines in Western Australia, 1980-1987. Med J Aust 1989; 151:245-8. [PMID: 2770601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of congenital malformations in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Western Australia has been made by means of data from the WA Congenital Malformations Registry, for births from 1980 to 1987 inclusive. Although the birth prevalence of all malformations was 3.5% for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants, significant differences were found in the birth prevalence of some individual malformations. Nervous-system and cardiovascular defects, and cleft lip and palate were significantly more prevalent in Aborigines, and pyloric stenosis and urogenital defects were significantly less prevalent. While some of the observed differences may have been a result of biases in ascertainment, others are likely to represent true differences. A discussion of Aboriginal beliefs concerning conception and birth is included, in order that the quantitative findings from the study might be considered in an appropriate cultural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bower
- WA Congenital Malformations Registry, Health Department of Western Australia, East Perth
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Anderson K, Forbes R. Job sharing. Part 1. Can J Nurs Adm 1989; 2:11-4. [PMID: 2486669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article is the first of a three part series discussing the impact of nurses job sharing at University Hospital, London, Ontario. This first article explores the advantages and disadvantages of job sharing for staff nurses and their supervising nurse manager, as discussed in the literature. The results of a survey conducted on a unit with a large number of job sharing positions, concur with literature findings. The second article will present the evaluation of a pilot project in which two nurses job share a first line managerial position in the Operating Room. The third article will relate the effects of job sharing on women's perceived general well being. Job sharing in all areas, is regarded as a positive experience by both nurse and administrators.
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Forbes R, Murray DJ. Teaching fibreoptic intubation. Br J Anaesth 1989; 62:113-4. [PMID: 2917107 DOI: 10.1093/bja/62.1.113-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Forbes R, Murray D. Local anesthetics. Iowa Med 1988; 78:586-90. [PMID: 3068188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Murray D, Forbes R, Murphy K, Mahoney L. Nitrous oxide: cardiovascular effects in infants and small children during halothane and isoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1988; 67:1059-64. [PMID: 3189895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography were used to measure cardiovascular function in 31 unmedicated infants and small children. In 15 patients, the cardiovascular effects of equipotent levels of halothane were compared with and without N2O. In 16 patients, the cardiovascular effects of isoflurane with and without N2O were compared. Prior to anesthesia induction, cardiovascular measurements of heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography were recorded. The echocardiographic measurements were used to determine cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (LVEDV and LVESV). Twenty minutes after mask inhalation induction with halothane or isoflurane with N2O and O2 (3:2 liters/min), cardiovascular measurements were repeated with end-expired halothane or isoflurane maintained at 0.9 MAC. A third set of cardiovascular data was collected 10 minutes after the discontinuation of N2O, with inspired isoflurane or halothane levels in O2 (5 liters/min) increased to maintain 1.5 MAC end-expired levels. Ventilation was controlled throughout the study period and the study was completed before intubation and the start of elective surgery. Heart rate and MBP decreased to similar degrees below awake levels in both patient groups during N2O with halothane or isoflurane. When N2O was discontinued and end-expired levels of halothane or isoflurane increased, MBP remained at levels observed during N2O-O2 with halothane or isoflurane. Heart rate increased during isoflurane in O2. Cardiac output decreased significantly and similarly below awake levels during both halothane of isoflurane with and without N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Murray
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242
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Forbes R. The stresses and strains of working women. Hosp Gift Shop Manage 1987; 5:12-22. [PMID: 10280911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
Sixty-three mainly male alcoholics were randomly assigned to placebo or lofexidine treatment for 48 hr shortly after admission to the hospital. Their starting points were similar regarding their semiquantitative estimates of alcohol withdrawal symptoms (AWS). Their demographics, histories of past alcohol use, physical findings, and laboratory abnormalities usually associated with alcoholism were similar. Starting 3 hr after 0.4 mg of oral lofexidine, which was given every 6 hr as eight doses, the AWS scores were significantly lower than those of the placebo group. Hypotension was the strongest finding. Six placebo recipients had to be prematurely interrupted due to increasing or intolerable alcohol withdrawal symptoms and switched to a benzodiazepine. Only one lofexidine recipient was prematurely interrupted, due to transient hallucinations. The study has a large placebo effect, as both groups of patients rated the treatment process very highly. Lofexidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, was superior to placebo in alcohol withdrawal. This drug, as with its analogue clonidine, may represent a new and important pharmacological treatment for alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
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Shapiro B, Savage PJ, Lomatch D, Gniadek T, Forbes R, Mitchell R, Hein K, Starr R, Nutter M, Scherdt B. A comparison of accuracy and estimated cost of methods for home blood glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 1981; 4:396-403. [PMID: 7344886 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.4.3.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Venous serum glucose concentrations determined by a laboratory hexokinase technique were compared over a wide range of glucose concentrations with concentrations of capillary blood glucose determined by three reflectance meter techniques currently available in the United States (Eyetone and Dextrometer, Ames Company; StatTek, Bio-Dynamics BMC) and by visual interpretation of reagent strips (Chemstrip bG, Bio-Dynamics BMC). The Chemstrip bG reagent strip was read by patients, nurses, and a physician. In all cases, there was an excellent correlation between laboratory serum glucose concentrations and reflectance meter blood glucose determinations (r = 0.90-0.94, P less than 0.0001) or visual interpretation of Chemstrip bG (r = 0.85-0.92, P less than 0.0001). Chemstrip bG appears to be the least expensive method of glucose measurement. This method offers additional advantages in not requiring a reflectance meter, which needs frequent recalibration and other ancillary equipment for blood glucose determination.
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Shore RE, Pasternack BS, Thiessen EU, Sadow M, Forbes R, Albert RE. A case-control study of hair dye use and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1979; 62:277-83. [PMID: 283264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A case-control study of the relationship between hair dye use and breast cancer included 129 breast cancer patients and 193 control women drawn from the records of a multiphasic screening clinic. Information was obtained by telephone interview on a number of risk factors for breast cancer and on variables pertaining to hair dye use: chronologic time, duration, frequency, type, and color. From this, quantitative measures of cumulative hair dye use at various intervals prior to breast cancer (or an equivalent for controls) were obtained. A multivariate risk factor score was used to control for confounding variables. The adjusted relative risks for breast cancer versus hair dye use were greater than unity but were not generally significant. However, integral measures of hair dye use (No. of yr times frequency per yr) were significantly related to breast cancer when confounding variables were controlled. The association between hair dye use and breast cancer was greatest among women over 50 years of age and among those at lower natural risk for breast cancer. An analysis of temporal patterns showed that breast cancer was related mainly to hair dye use 10 or more years before cancer diagnosis. Because of the retrospective nature of the hair dye data and the small sample size, these results require further validation.
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Griffiths E, Forbes R, Jeffcoate S, Holland D. Local degradation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the rat central nervous system. Neurosci Lett 1978; 7:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(78)90111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/1977] [Revised: 10/05/1977] [Accepted: 10/05/1977] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Forbes R. A new role for expectant fathers. Midwife Health Visit 1973; 8:166-8. [PMID: 4490876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Forbes R. Psychoprophylaxis. Dist Nurs 1967; 10:74-5. [PMID: 5182950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Forbes R. Rights of National Service Medical Officers. West J Med 1952. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4787.779-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Forbes R. Correspondence: Anaesthetic Explosions. West J Med 1952. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4782.514-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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