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Lee HY, Lee J, Lim H, Kim HY, Koo YS, Lim JS, Yoon Y. Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Loss in BALB/c Mice and C2C12 Myotubes. J Med Food 2024; 27:385-395. [PMID: 38574296 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17, a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk, on dexamethasone-induced muscle loss in mice and cultured myotubes. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone, and orally administered L. gasseri BNR17 for 21 days. L. gasseri BNR17 treatment ameliorated dexamethasone-induced decline in muscle function, as evidenced by an increase in forelimb grip strength, treadmill running time, and rotarod retention time in both female and male mice. In addition, L. gasseri BNR17 treatment significantly increased the mass of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed a significant increase in lean body mass and a decrease in fat mass in both whole body and hind limb after treatment with L. gasseri BNR17. It was found that L. gasseri BNR17 treatment downregulated serum myostatin level and the protein degradation pathway composed of muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, and their transcription factor FoxO3. In contrast, L. gasseri BNR17 treatment upregulated serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level and Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway involved in protein synthesis in muscle. As a result, L. gasseri BNR17 treatment significantly increased the levels of major muscular proteins such as myosin heavy chain and myoblast determination protein 1. Consistent with in vivo results, L. gasseri BNR17 culture supernatant significantly ameliorated dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy in vitro. In conclusion, L. gasseri BNR17 ameliorates muscle loss by downregulating the protein degradation pathway and upregulating the protein synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Yeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongkyu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Koo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu H, Yuan S, Liu G, Li J, Zheng K, Zhang Z, Zheng S, Yin L, Li Y. Satellite Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Novel Approach to Alleviate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Fibrosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300558. [PMID: 38329214 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy coincides with extensive fibrous tissue hyperplasia in muscle-atrophied patients, and fibrous tissue plays a vital role in skeletal muscle function and hinders muscle fiber regeneration. However, effective drugs to manage skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis remain elusive. This study isolated and characterized exosomes derived from skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSC-Exo). The study investigated their effects on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats via intramuscular injection. MuSC-Exo demonstrated the potential to alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis. The underlying mechanism using single-cell RNA sequencing data and functional analysis are analyzed. Mechanistic studies reveal close associations between fibroblasts and myoblasts, with the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad3-Pax7 axis governing fibroblast activation in atrophic skeletal muscle. MuSC-Exo intervention inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and improved muscle atrophy and fibrosis. In conclusion, MuSC-Exo-based therapy may represent a novel strategy to alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy and reduce excessive fibrotic tissue by targeting Pax7 through the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Discipline Construction Office, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, 617067, China
| | - Shiguo Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570203, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Gaofeng Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570203, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570203, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Discipline Construction Office, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, 617067, China
| | - Yikai Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
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Gerosa L, Malvandi AM, Gomarasca M, Verdelli C, Sansoni V, Faraldi M, Ziemann E, Olivieri F, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Murine Myoblasts Exposed to SYUIQ-5 Acquire Senescence Phenotype and Differentiate into Sarcopenic-Like Myotubes, an In Vitro Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae022. [PMID: 38267369 PMCID: PMC10924451 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is one of the most affected organs by aging that correlates well with an accumulation of senescent cells as for other multiple age-related pathologies. The molecular mechanisms underpinning muscle impairment because of senescent cells are still elusive. The availability of in vitro model of skeletal muscle senescence is limited and restricted to a small panel of phenotypic features of these senescent cells in vivo. Here, we developed a new in vitro model of senescent C2C12 mouse myoblasts that, when subjected to differentiation, the resulting myotubes showed sarcopenic features. To induce senescence, we used SYUIQ-5, a quindoline derivative molecule inhibitor of telomerase activity, leading to the expression of several senescent hallmarks in treated myoblasts. They had increased levels of p21 protein accordingly with the observed cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, they had enhanced SA-βgalactosidase enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p53 and histone H2AX. SYUIQ-5 senescent myoblasts had impaired differentiation potential and the resulting myotubes showed increased levels of ATROGIN-1 and MURF1, ubiquitin ligases components responsible for protein degradation, and decreased mitochondria content, typical features of sarcopenic muscles. Myotubes differentiated from senescent myoblasts cultures release increased levels of MYOSTATIN that could affect skeletal muscle cell growth. Overall, our data suggest that a greater burden of senescent muscle cells could contribute to sarcopenia. This study presents a well-defined in vitro model of muscle cell senescence useful for deeper investigation in the aging research field to discover new putative therapeutic targets and senescence biomarkers associated with the aged musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gerosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Verdelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Zheng Y, Yu Y, Feng J, Ling M, Wang X. Unveiling the Potential of Nelumbo nucifera-Derived Liensinine to Target The Myostatin Protein and to Counteract Muscle Atrophy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2240-2249. [PMID: 38258624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy refers to a decline in muscle mass and function, which has become a global concern due to the aging population. Various clinical trials have investigated the inhibitors of myostatin (MSTN). They have shown promising improvements in muscle function and quality of life. However, there are no drugs specifically targeting MSTN that have been approved for clinical use. In this study, we virtually screened liensinine (LIE), a food (Nelumbo nucifera)-derived compound, with low toxicity, from over 1.1 million compounds. We subsequently identified it as a potential candidate that targets MSTN by a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity response target stability (DARTS) assay. Further validation through cellular and in vivo studies demonstrated its promising potential in combating muscle atrophy. The mechanism of action may involve hindering the interaction between MSTN and the activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) and downregulating the expression of downstream proteins, including the muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/Atrogin-1, ultimately promoting muscle regeneration. These results provide a strong foundation for future studies to explore the therapeutic potential of LIE in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youle Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jin Feng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Min Ling
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Zhou KZ, Wu PF, Ling XZ, Zhang J, Wang QF, Zhang XC, Xue Q, Zhang T, Han W, Zhang GX. miR-460b-5p promotes proliferation and differentiation of chicken myoblasts and targets RBM19 gene. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103231. [PMID: 37980764 PMCID: PMC10685028 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The meat production of broilers is crucial to economic benefits of broiler industries, while the slaughter performance of broilers is directly determined by skeletal muscle development. Hence, the broiler breeding for growth traits shows a great importance. As a kind of small noncoding RNA, microRNA (miRNA) can regulate the expression of multiple genes and perform a wide range of regulation in organisms. Currently, more and more studies have confirmed that miRNAs are closely associated with skeletal muscle development of chickens. Based on our previous miR-seq analysis (accession number: PRJNA668199), miR-460b-5p was screened as one of the key miRNAs probably involved in the growth regulation of chickens. However, the regulatory effect of miR-460b-5p on the development of chicken skeletal muscles is still unclear. Therefore, miR-460b-5p was further used for functional validation at the cellular level in this study. The expression pattern of miR-460b-5p was investigated in proliferation and differentiation stages of chicken primary myoblasts. It was showed that the expression level of miR-460b-5p gradually decreased from the proliferation stage (GM 50%) to the lowest at 24 h of differentiation. As differentiation proceeded, miR-460b-5p expression increased significantly, reaching the highest and stabilizing at 72 h and 96 h of differentiation. Through mRNA quantitative analysis of proliferation marker genes, CCK-8 and Edu assays, miR-460b-5p was found to significantly facilitate the transition of myoblasts from G1 to S phase and promote chicken myoblast proliferation. mRNA and protein quantitative analysis of differentiation marker genes, as well as the indirect immunofluorescence results of myotubes, revealed that miR-460b-5p significantly stimulated myotube development and promote chicken myoblast differentiation. In addition, the target relationship was validated for miR-460b-5p according to the dual-luciferase reporter assay and mRNA quantitative analysis, which indicates that miR-460b-5p was able to regulate RBM19 expression by specifically binding to the 3' UTR of RBM19. In summary, miR-460b-5p has positive regulatory effects on the proliferation and differentiation of chicken myoblasts, and RBM19 is a target gene of miR-460b-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Zhi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xuan-Ze Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Qi-Fan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xin-Chao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wei Han
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Gen-Xi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
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Ibrahim AH, Kasim SA, Ezzat AA, Ibrahim NE, Hassan DA, Ibrahim AS, Abouelgreed TA, Abdo EM, Aboelsoud NM, Abdelmonem NM, Alnajem MT, Aboomar AA. Relation between myostatin levels and malnutrition and muscle wasting in hemodialysis patients. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11869. [PMID: 38117215 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Malnutrition is one of the most troublesome comorbidities among hemodialysis patients (HD). Myostatin (MSTN) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. In HD patients, MSTN effects are not limited to skeletal muscle growth. The present study aimed to assess MSTN levels in HD patients and its relation to various clinical and biochemical parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present case control study included 60 patients on HD for at least three years. In addition, there were age and sex-matched healthy subjects who constitutes the control group. Nutritional status was evaluated using the malnutrition inflammation score (MIS). Muscle wasting in the present study was evaluated using the lean tissue index (LTI) as assessed by the body composition monitor (BCM). Rectus Femoris Muscle (RFM) thickness was also measured as indicator for nutritional status of patient. RESULTS The present study included 60 HD patients, and ageand sex-matched healthy controls. Patients expressed significantly higher myostatin levels when compared to controls [median (IQR): 221.3 (153.5-688.2) versus 144.8 (97.0-281.7), p < 0.001]. According to MIS, patients were classified into those with no/mild malnutrition (n = 22) and others with moderate/severe malnutrition (n = 38). Comparison between the two subgroups revealed that the former group had significantly lower myostatin levels [167.7 (150.3-236.3) versus 341.7 (160.9-955.9), p = 0.004]. According to LTI, patients were classified into those with muscle wasting (n = 23) and others without muscle wasting (n = 37). Comparative analysis showed that patients in the former group had significantly higher myostatin levels [775.1 (325.1-2133.7) versus 161.8 (142.6-302.3), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Myostatin seems to be a promising marker for identification of malnutrition and muscle wasting in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal H Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | - Sammar A Kasim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | - Alshimaa A Ezzat
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | - Noha E Ibrahim
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza.
| | - Donia A Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | - Amira Sh Ibrahim
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | | | - Ehab M Abdo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | - Naglaa M Aboelsoud
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
| | | | | | - Ahmed A Aboomar
- Department of internal medicine, Nephrology Unit, Faculty Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta.
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Elsheikh M, El Sabagh A, Mohamed IB, Bhongade M, Hassan MM, Jalal PK. Frailty in end-stage liver disease: Understanding pathophysiology, tools for assessment, and strategies for management. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6028-6048. [PMID: 38130738 PMCID: PMC10731159 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i46.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty and sarcopenia are frequently observed in patients with end-stage liver disease. Frailty is a complex condition that arises from deteriorations across various physiological systems, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and immune systems, resulting in a reduced ability of the body to withstand stressors. This condition is associated with declined resilience and increased vulnerability to negative outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and mortality. In cirrhotic patients, frailty is influenced by multiple factors, such as hyperammonemia, hormonal imbalance, malnutrition, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and alcohol intake. Assessing frailty is crucial in predicting morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. It can aid in making critical decisions regarding patients' eligibility for critical care and transplantation. This, in turn, can guide the development of an individualized treatment plan for each patient with cirrhosis, with a focus on prioritizing exercise, proper nutrition, and appropriate treatment of hepatic complications as the primary lines of treatment. In this review, we aim to explore the topic of frailty in liver diseases, with a particular emphasis on pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and discuss strategies for preventing frailty through effective treatment of hepatic complications. Furthermore, we explore novel assessment and management strategies that have emerged in recent years, including the use of wearable technology and telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Elsheikh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ahmed El Sabagh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Islam B Mohamed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Megha Bhongade
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Prasun Kumar Jalal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Knapp M, Supruniuk E, Górski J. Myostatin and the Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1777. [PMID: 38136649 PMCID: PMC10741510 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. It is secreted mostly by skeletal muscles, although small amounts of myostatin are produced by the myocardium and the adipose tissue as well. Myostatin binds to activin IIB membrane receptors to activate the downstream intracellular canonical Smad2/Smad3 pathway, and additionally acts on non-Smad (non-canonical) pathways. Studies on transgenic animals have shown that overexpression of myostatin reduces the heart mass, whereas removal of myostatin has an opposite effect. In this review, we summarize the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of this protein in heart-related conditions. First, in myostatin-null mice the left ventricular internal diameters along with the diastolic and systolic volumes are larger than the respective values in wild-type mice. Myostatin is potentially secreted as part of a negative feedback loop that reduces the effects of the release of growth-promoting factors and energy reprogramming in response to hypertrophic stimuli. On the other hand, both human and animal data indicate that myostatin is involved in the development of the cardiac cachexia and heart fibrosis in the course of chronic heart failure. The understanding of the role of myostatin in such conditions might initiate a development of targeted therapies based on myostatin signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Łomża, 18-400 Łomża, Poland;
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Mangner N, Winzer EB, Linke A, Adams V. Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1149065. [PMID: 37965088 PMCID: PMC10641491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome affecting worldwide billions of patients. Exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of HF patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Alterations of the skeletal muscle contribute to exercise intolerance in HF. This review will provide a contemporary summary of the clinical and molecular alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and thereby differentiate the effects on locomotor and respiratory muscles, in particular the diaphragm. Moreover, current and future therapeutic options to address skeletal muscle weakness will be discussed focusing mainly on the effects of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ephraim B. Winzer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Kurose S, Onishi K, Miyauchi T, Takahashi K, Kimura Y. Serum Follistatin Levels are Independently Associated with Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Obesity. Endocr Res 2023; 48:120-128. [PMID: 37668496 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2253452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Follistatin (FST)/myostatin (MST) myokine-signaling axis is important for muscle metabolism and pathogenesis of obesity. FST, mainly secreted by skeletal muscle and liver, inhibits MST and affects skeletal muscle synthesis. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of myokines and independent predictors of serum FST levels in patients with obesity. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 226 patients (mean age, 46.6 years; men, 35.4%) with obesity who initially visited an outpatient clinic between June 2014 and September 2020, were included and classified into obesity (25.0 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 35.0 kg/m2) and severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) groups based on the guidelines of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and computed tomography. Muscle strength, exercise tolerance, metabolic parameters, and myokines were measured, including serum levels of FST, MST, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. RESULTS Serum FST levels were significantly higher in the severe obesity group than in the obesity group (median: 768.4 vs. 895.1 pg/mL, P = 0.020). However, the levels of other myokines showed no significant differences between the groups. In Model 1, which included factors that significantly correlated with FST levels, stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed peak oxygen uptake (VO2) as an independent predictor of FST levels based on the significance of the univariate analysis. Additionally, Model 2 was analyzed by adding myokine level to Model 1, revealing that peak VO2, MST, and irisin levels were independent predictors of FST levels. CONCLUSION Serum FST levels were higher in patients in the severe obesity group compared to those in the obesity group. There was an independent association between low exercise tolerance and elevated serum FST levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurose
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuko Onishi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyauchi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Thürkauf M, Lin S, Oliveri F, Grimm D, Platt RJ, Rüegg MA. Fast, multiplexable and efficient somatic gene deletions in adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers using AAV-CRISPR/Cas9. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6116. [PMID: 37777530 PMCID: PMC10542775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular screens comparing different disease states to identify candidate genes rely on the availability of fast, reliable and multiplexable systems to interrogate genes of interest. CRISPR/Cas9-based reverse genetics is a promising method to eventually achieve this. However, such methods are sorely lacking for multi-nucleated muscle fibers, since highly efficient nuclei editing is a requisite to robustly inactive candidate genes. Here, we couple Cre-mediated skeletal muscle fiber-specific Cas9 expression with myotropic adeno-associated virus-mediated sgRNA delivery to establish a system for highly effective somatic gene deletions in mice. Using well-characterized genes, we show that local or systemic inactivation of these genes copy the phenotype of traditional gene-knockout mouse models. Thus, this proof-of-principle study establishes a method to unravel the function of individual genes or entire signaling pathways in adult skeletal muscle fibers without the cumbersome requirement of generating knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Randall J Platt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Wess J, Oteng AB, Rivera-Gonzalez O, Gurevich EV, Gurevich VV. β-Arrestins: Structure, Function, Physiology, and Pharmacological Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:854-884. [PMID: 37028945 PMCID: PMC10441628 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and -2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and -3, respectively), are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of cellular signaling pathways and physiologic functions. The two proteins were discovered for their ability to disrupt signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via binding to the activated receptors. However, it is now well recognized that both β-arrestins can also act as direct modulators of numerous cellular processes via either GPCR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recent structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies have provided novel insights into how β-arrestins bind to activated GPCRs and downstream effector proteins. Studies with β-arrestin mutant mice have identified numerous physiologic and pathophysiological processes regulated by β-arrestin-1 and/or -2. Following a short summary of recent structural studies, this review primarily focuses on β-arrestin-regulated physiologic functions, with particular focus on the central nervous system and the roles of β-arrestins in carcinogenesis and key metabolic processes including the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis. This review also highlights potential therapeutic implications of these studies and discusses strategies that could prove useful for targeting specific β-arrestin-regulated signaling pathways for therapeutic purposes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The two β-arrestins, structurally closely related intracellular proteins that are evolutionarily highly conserved, have emerged as multifunctional proteins able to regulate a vast array of cellular and physiological functions. The outcome of studies with β-arrestin mutant mice and cultured cells, complemented by novel insights into β-arrestin structure and function, should pave the way for the development of novel classes of therapeutically useful drugs capable of regulating specific β-arrestin functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
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13
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Wei S, Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Ryu D, Gariani K. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185221. [PMID: 37455897 PMCID: PMC10344359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in the same individual, characterized by of the co-presence of body fat accumulation and muscle loss. This condition is currently a major concern as it is associated with frailty and disabilities such as cardiovascular disease, fractures, dementia, cancer, and increased all-cause mortality. Particularly, older individuals remain at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Progress at several levels is needed to improve the global prognostic outlook for this condition, including the elaboration and implementation of a more uniform definition that may favor the identification and specification of prevalence by age group. Furthermore, improvements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity may lead to the development of more specific therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis. We reviewed the knowledge on sarcopenic obesity and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wei
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Jang JY, Kim D, Kim ND. Pathogenesis, Intervention, and Current Status of Drug Development for Sarcopenia: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1635. [PMID: 37371730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle strength and mass in older individuals and is a major determinant of fall risk and impaired ability to perform activities of daily living, often leading to disability, loss of independence, and death. Owing to its impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure, sarcopenia in the elderly has become a major focus of research and public policy debates worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, sarcopenia remains under-recognized and poorly managed in routine clinical practice, partly owing to the lack of available diagnostic testing and uniform diagnostic criteria. Since the World Health Organization and the United States assigned a disease code for sarcopenia in 2016, countries worldwide have assigned their own disease codes for sarcopenia. However, there are currently no approved pharmacological agents for the treatment of sarcopenia; therefore, interventions for sarcopenia primarily focus on physical therapy for muscle strengthening and gait training as well as adequate protein intake. In this review, we aimed to examine the latest information on the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, interventions, and possible treatments with new drugs for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Functional Food Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Myostatin: a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181913. [PMID: 37288303 PMCID: PMC10242177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder, its main clinical manifestations are obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Although metabolic syndrome has been the focus of research in recent decades, it has been proposed that the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome is related to pathophysiological processes such as insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation, but there is still a lack of favorable clinical prevention and treatment measures for metabolic syndrome. Multiple studies have shown that myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β family, is involved in the development and development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome), and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. In this review, we describe the transcriptional regulation and receptor binding pathway of MSTN, then introduce the role of MSTN in regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy, review the research progress of MSTN in metabolic syndrome. Finally summarize some MSTN inhibitors under clinical trial and proposed the use of MSTN inhibitor as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Madigan LA, Jaime D, Fallon JR. MuSK-BMP signaling in adult muscle stem cells maintains quiescence and regulates myofiber size. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541238. [PMID: 37292636 PMCID: PMC10245747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A central question in the biology of adult stem cells is elucidating the signaling pathways regulating their dynamics and function in diverse physiological and age-related contexts. Adult muscle stem cells (Satellite Cells; SCs) are generally quiescent but can activate and contribute to muscle homeostasis and repair. Here we tested the role of the MuSK-BMP pathway in regulating adult SC quiescence and myofiber size. We attenuated MuSK-BMP signaling by deletion of the BMP-binding MuSK Ig3 domain ('ΔIg3-MuSK') and studied the fast TA and EDL muscles. In germ line mutants at 3 months of age SC and myonuclei numbers as well as myofiber size were comparable in ΔIg3-MuSK and WT animals. However, in 5-month-old ΔIg3-MuSK animals SC density was decreased while myofiber size, myonuclear number and grip strength were increased - indicating that SCs had activated and productively fused into the myofibers over this interval. Notably, myonuclear domain size was conserved. Following injury, the mutant muscle fully regenerated with restoration of myofiber size and SC pool to WT levels, indicating that ΔIg3-MuSK SCs maintain full stem cell function. Conditional expression of ΔIg3-MuSK in adult SCs showed that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous fashion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SCs from uninjured ΔIg3-MuSK mice exhibit signatures of activation, including elevated Notch and epigenetic signaling. We conclude that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates SC quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous, age-dependent manner. Targeting MuSK-BMP signaling in muscle stem cells thus emerges a therapeutic strategy for promoting muscle growth and function in the settings of injury, disease, and aging.
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