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Gong C, Liu M, Liu D, Wang Q, Hasnain A, Zhan X, Pu J, Liang Y, Liu X, Wang X. Status of Fungicide Resistance and Physiological Characterization of Tebuconazole Resistance in Rhizocotonia solani in Sichuan Province, China. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4859-4876. [PMID: 36286045 PMCID: PMC9600323 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance prevalence of chemical fungicides has caused increasingly serious agro-ecological environmental problems. However, there are few previous reports about resistance to succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) or sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) in Rhizoctonia solani, one of the main agro-diseases. In this study, the fungicide resistance of 122 R. solani isolates in Sichuan Province was monitored by the mycelial growth rate method. Results showed that all isolates were susceptible to hexaconazole and most isolates were susceptible to thifluzamide, except for the field isolate MSRS-2-7 due to a moderate resistance to thifluzamide (16.43-fold resistance ratio, RR), compared to the sensitivity baseline of thifluzamide (0.042 μg/mL EC50 values). On the contrary, many isolates showed moderate or high resistance to tebuconazole (10.59- to 60.78-fold RR), reaching EC50 values of 0.54~3.10 μg/mL, especially for a highly resistant isolate LZHJ-1-8 displaying moderate resistance to epoxiconazole (35.40-fold RR due to a 3.54 μg/mL EC50 value). The fitness determination found that the tebuconazole-resistant isolates showed higher fitness cost with these characteristics, including a lower growth rate, higher relative electric conductivity, an increased ability to tolerate tebuconazole, and high osmotic pressure. Four new mutations of cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), namely, S94A, N406S, H793R, and L750P, which is the target for DMI fungicides, was found in the tebuconazole-resistant isolates. Furthermore, the lowest binding energy with tebuconazole was also found in the LZHJ-1-8 isolate possessing all the mutations through analyses with Discovery Studio software. Therefore, these new mutation sites of CYP51 may be linked to the resistance against tebuconazole, and its application for controlling R. solani should be restricted in some areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Gong
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ali Hasnain
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhan
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Pu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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2
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Křížkovská B, Viktorová J, Lipov J. Approved Genetically Modified Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum) for Improved Stress Resistance and Food Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11833-11843. [PMID: 36103343 PMCID: PMC9524371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are one of the most important crops worldwide. However, its production and nutrient content are endangered by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The main yield losses are caused by pest damage (e.g., Colorado potato beetle and aphids), virus disease (e.g., Potato leafroll virus and Potato viruses Y and X), or oomycete pathogens (like Phytophthora infestans), which also significantly affect the production of antinutrients and toxic metabolites of plants. Therefore, the use of genetic engineering could be an efficient tool, not harmful to the environment, and beneficial to the consumer. In this review, we focus on the main sources of problems in the field of potato production according to approved genetic modifications, their traditional solution and positive impact of gene transfection reducing economic losses, use of insecticides, and improving the nutritional properties of potatoes. We summarize all transgenic events that have been performed on potatoes and have been approved for cultivation and/or direct use or processing as feed or food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bára Křížkovská
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lipov
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Samarfard S, Ghorbani A, Karbanowicz TP, Lim ZX, Saedi M, Fariborzi N, McTaggart AR, Izadpanah K. Regulatory non-coding RNA: The core defense mechanism against plant pathogens. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:82-94. [PMID: 36174794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogens damage crops and threaten global food security. Plants have evolved complex defense networks against pathogens, using crosstalk among various signaling pathways. Key regulators conferring plant immunity through signaling pathways include protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The discovery of ncRNAs in plant transcriptomes was first considered "transcriptional noise". Recent reviews have highlighted the importance of non-coding RNAs. However, understanding interactions among different types of noncoding RNAs requires additional research. This review attempts to consider how long-ncRNAs, small-ncRNAs and circular RNAs interact in response to pathogenic diseases within different plant species. Developments within genomics and bioinformatics could lead to the further discovery of plant ncRNAs, knowledge of their biological roles, as well as an understanding of their importance in exploiting the recent molecular-based technologies for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Samarfard
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, DPIRD Diagnostic Laboratory Services, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | | | - Zhi Xian Lim
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mahshid Saedi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Niloofar Fariborzi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alistair R McTaggart
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Keramatollah Izadpanah
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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4
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Rajput M, Kumar M, Pareek N. Myco-chitinases as versatile biocatalysts for translation of coastal residual resources to eco-competent chito-bioactives. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Rojas EC, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Latz MAC, Esteban P, Collinge DB. The Fungal Endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 Reduces Fusarium Head Blight by Local Induced Resistance in Wheat Spikes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040345. [PMID: 35448576 PMCID: PMC9025337 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 is a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat (caused by Fusarium graminearum), which has shown a limited direct inhibition of fungal growth in vitro. We used RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analyses to elucidate metabolic interactions of the three-way system Penicillium–wheat–Fusarium in greenhouse experiments. We demonstrated that P. olsonii ML37 colonises wheat spikes and transiently activates plant defence mechanisms, as pretreated spikes show a faster and stronger expression of the defence metabolism during the first 24 h after pathogen inoculation. This effect was transient and the expression of the same genes was lower in the pathogen-infected spikes than in those infected by P. olsonii alone. This response to the endophyte includes the transcriptional activation of several WRKY transcription factors. This early activation is associated with a reduction in FHB symptoms and significantly lower levels of the F. graminearum metabolites 15-acetyl-DON and culmorin. An increase in the Penicillium-associated metabolite asperphanamate confirms colonisation by the endophyte. Our results suggest that the mode of action used by P. olsonii ML37 is via a local defence activation in wheat spikes, and that this fungus has potential as a novel biological alternative in wheat disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Rojas
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Chr Hansen A/S, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
| | - Hans J. L. Jørgensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meike A. C. Latz
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Pilar Esteban
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B. Collinge
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
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6
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Ai G, Liu J, Fu X, Li T, Zhu H, Zhai Y, Xia C, Pan W, Li J, Jing M, Shen D, Xia A, Dou D. Making Use of Plant uORFs to Control Transgene Translation in Response to Pathogen Attack. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9820540. [PMID: 37850142 PMCID: PMC10521741 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9820540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing crop loss to diseases is urgently needed to meet increasing food production challenges caused by the expanding world population and the negative impact of climate change on crop productivity. Disease-resistant crops can be created by expressing endogenous or exogenous genes of interest through transgenic technology. Nevertheless, enhanced resistance by overexpressing resistance-produced genes often results in adverse developmental affects. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are translational control elements located in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs and may repress the translation of downstream genes. To investigate the function of three uORFs from the 5' -UTR of ACCELERATED CELL 11 (uORFsACD11), we develop a fluorescent reporter system and find uORFsACD11 function in repressing downstream gene translation. Individual or simultaneous mutations of the three uORFsACD11 lead to repression of downstream translation efficiency at different levels. Importantly, uORFsACD11-mediated translational inhibition is impaired upon recognition of pathogen attack of plant leaves. When coupled with the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) promoter, the uORFsACD11 cassettes can upregulate accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE-VI.2 (AtLecRK-VI.2) during pathogen attack and enhance plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici. These findings indicate that the uORFsACD11 cassettes can be a useful toolkit that enables a high level of protein expression during pathogen attack, while for ensuring lower levels of protein expression at normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianli Li
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Zhai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Chuyan Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiye Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jialu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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7
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Vandelle E, Ariani P, Regaiolo A, Danzi D, Lovato A, Zadra C, Vitulo N, Gambino G, Polverari A. The Grapevine E3 Ubiquitin Ligase VriATL156 Confers Resistance against the Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020940. [PMID: 33477914 PMCID: PMC7833427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most severe diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Genetic resistance is an effective and sustainable control strategy, but major resistance genes (encoding receptors for specific pathogen effectors) introgressed from wild Vitis species, although effective, may be non-durable because the pathogen can evolve to avoid specific recognition. Previous transcriptomic studies in the resistant species Vitis riparia highlighted the activation of signal transduction components during infection. The transfer of such components to V. vinifera might confer less specific and therefore more durable resistance. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic V. vinifera lines constitutively expressing the V. riparia E3 ubiquitin ligase gene VriATL156. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the transgenic plants were less susceptible to P. viticola than vector-only controls, confirming the role of this E3 ubiquitin ligase in the innate immune response. Two independent transgenic lines were selected for detailed analysis of the resistance phenotype by RNA-Seq and microscopy, revealing the profound reprogramming of transcription to achieve resistance that operates from the earliest stages of pathogen infection. The introduction of VriATL156 into elite grapevine cultivars could therefore provide an effective and sustainable control measure against downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vandelle
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7826 (E.V.); +39-045-802-7064 (A.P.)
| | - Pietro Ariani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
| | - Alice Regaiolo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
| | - Davide Danzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
| | - Arianna Lovato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
| | - Claudia Zadra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 72, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Polverari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, CV1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (P.A.); (A.R.); (D.D.); (A.L.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7826 (E.V.); +39-045-802-7064 (A.P.)
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8
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Taliansky M, Samarskaya V, Zavriev SK, Fesenko I, Kalinina NO, Love AJ. RNA-Based Technologies for Engineering Plant Virus Resistance. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010082. [PMID: 33401751 PMCID: PMC7824052 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained unprecedented attention as new and crucial players in the regulation of numerous cellular processes and disease responses. In this review, we describe how diverse ncRNAs, including both small RNAs and long ncRNAs, may be used to engineer resistance against plant viruses. We discuss how double-stranded RNAs and small RNAs, such as artificial microRNAs and trans-acting small interfering RNAs, either produced in transgenic plants or delivered exogenously to non-transgenic plants, may constitute powerful RNA interference (RNAi)-based technology that can be exploited to control plant viruses. Additionally, we describe how RNA guided CRISPR-CAS gene-editing systems have been deployed to inhibit plant virus infections, and we provide a comparative analysis of RNAi approaches and CRISPR-Cas technology. The two main strategies for engineering virus resistance are also discussed, including direct targeting of viral DNA or RNA, or inactivation of plant host susceptibility genes. We also elaborate on the challenges that need to be overcome before such technologies can be broadly exploited for crop protection against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taliansky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (S.K.Z.); (I.F.); (N.O.K.)
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Viktoria Samarskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (S.K.Z.); (I.F.); (N.O.K.)
| | - Sergey K. Zavriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (S.K.Z.); (I.F.); (N.O.K.)
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (S.K.Z.); (I.F.); (N.O.K.)
| | - Natalia O. Kalinina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (S.K.Z.); (I.F.); (N.O.K.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew J. Love
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (A.J.L.)
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9
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Conti G, Gardella V, Vandecaveye MA, Gomez CA, Joris G, Hauteville C, Burdyn L, Almasia NI, Nahirñak V, Vazquez-Rovere C, Gochez AM, Furman N, Lezcano CC, Kobayashi K, García ML, Canteros BI, Hopp HE, Reyes CA. Transgenic Citrange troyer rootstocks overexpressing antimicrobial potato Snakin-1 show reduced citrus canker disease symptoms. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:99-102. [PMID: 32998033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker is a major disease caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Snakin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide, which was previously shown to be effective against different bacterial and fungal diseases in potato, wheat and lettuce when expressed in transgenic plants. We generated transgenic Citrange Troyer citrus rootstocks constitutively expressing this peptide and 5 different transgenic lines were challenged against virulent X. citri isolates. Challenge assays conducted in vitro using detached leaves and in planta by infiltration revealed a significant reduction of the number and size of canker lesions in some of the transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Gardella
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET - UNLP, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Vandecaveye
- EEA Bella Vista, INTA, Bella Vista, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
| | - C A Gomez
- EEA Concordia, INTA, Concordia, Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - G Joris
- EEA Concordia, INTA, Concordia, Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - C Hauteville
- EEA Concordia, INTA, Concordia, Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - L Burdyn
- EEA Concordia, INTA, Concordia, Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - N I Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vazquez-Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Gochez
- EEA Bella Vista, INTA, Bella Vista, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
| | - N Furman
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C C Lezcano
- EEA Bella Vista, INTA, Bella Vista, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
| | - K Kobayashi
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET - UNLP, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B I Canteros
- EEA Bella Vista, INTA, Bella Vista, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
| | - H E Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología CICVyA-INTA, Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET - UNLP, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Identification and Characterization of NPR1 and PR1 Homologs in Cymbidium orchids in Response to Multiple Hormones, Salinity and Viral Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061977. [PMID: 32183174 PMCID: PMC7139473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) and pathogenesis-associated 1 (PR1) genes play fundamental roles in plant immunity response, as well as abiotic-stress tolerance. Nevertheless, comprehensive identification and characterization of NPR1 and PR1 homologs has not been conducted to date in Cymbidium orchids, a valuable industrial crop cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plants worldwide. Herein, three NPR1-like (referred to as CsNPR1-1, CsNPR1-2, and CsNPR1-3) and two PR1-like (CsPR1-1 and CsPR1-2) genes were genome-widely identified from Cymbidium orchids. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CsNPR1-1 and CsNPR1-2 were grouped closest to NPR1 homologs in Zea mays (sharing 81.98% identity) and Phalaenopsis (64.14%), while CsNPR1-3 was classified into a distinct group with Oryza sativaNPR 3 (57.72%). CsPR1-1 and CsPR1-2 were both grouped closest to Phalaenopsis PR1 and other monocot plants. Expression profiling showed that CsNPR1 and CsPR1 were highly expressed in stem/pseudobulb and/or flower. Salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly up-regulated expressions of CsNPR1-2, CsPR1-1 and CsPR1-2, while CsNPR1-3, CsPR1-1 and CsPR1-2 were significantly up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) or salinity (NaCl) stress. In vitro transcripts of entire Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) genomic RNA were successfully transfected into Cymbidium protoplasts, and the CymMV infection up-regulated the expression of CsNPR1-2, CsPR1-1 and CsPR1-2. Additionally, these genes were transiently expressed in Cymbidium protoplasts for subcellular localization analysis, and the presence of SA led to the nuclear translocation of the CsNPR1-2 protein, and the transient expression of CsNPR1-2 greatly enhanced the expression of CsPR1-1 and CsPR1-2. Collectively, the CsNPR1-2-mediated signaling pathway is SA-dependent, and confers to the defense against CymMV infection in Cymbidium orchids.
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11
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Butler KJ, Chen S, Smith JM, Wang X, Bent AF. Soybean Resistance Locus Rhg1 Confers Resistance to Multiple Cyst Nematodes in Diverse Plant Species. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:2107-2115. [PMID: 31403912 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0225-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyst nematodes consistently threaten agricultural production, causing billions of dollars in losses globally. The Rhg1 (resistance to Heterodera glycines 1) locus of soybean (Glycine max) is the most popular resistance source used against soybean cyst nematodes (H. glycines). Rhg1 is a complex locus that has multiple repeats of an ≈30-kilobase segment carrying three genes that contribute to resistance. We investigated whether soybean Rhg1 could function in different plant families, conferring resistance to their respective cyst nematode parasites. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing the three soybean Rhg1 genes were generated. The recipient Brassicaceae and Solanaceae plant species exhibited elevated resistance to H. schachtii and Globodera rostochiensis and to G. pallida, respectively. However, some negative consequences including reduced root growth and tuber biomass were observed upon Rhg1 expression in heterologous species. One of the genes at Rhg1 encodes a toxic version of an alpha-SNAP protein that has been demonstrated to interfere with vesicle trafficking. Using a transient expression assay for Nicotiana benthamiana, native Arabidopsis and potato alpha-SNAPs (soluble NSF [N-ethylamine sensitive factor] attachment protein) were found to compensate for the toxicity of soybean Rhg1 alpha-SNAP proteins. Hence, future manipulation of the balance between Rhg1 alpha-SNAP and the endogenous wild-type alpha-SNAPs (as well as the recently discovered soybean NSF-RAN07) may mitigate impacts of Rhg1 on plant productivity. The multispecies efficacy of soybean Rhg1 demonstrates that the encoded mechanisms can function across plant and cyst nematode species and offers a possible avenue for engineered resistance in diverse crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Butler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biology, Anderson University, Anderson, IN 46012
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - John M Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Andrew F Bent
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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12
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Skolotneva ES, Salina EA. Resistance mechanisms involved in complex immunity of wheat against rust diseases. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the disclosure of the modern concept of plant immunity as a hierarchical system of plant host protection, controlled by combinations of major and minor resistance genes (loci). The “zigzag” model is described in detail for discussing the molecular bases of plant immunity with key concepts: pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering innate immunity, ambivalent effectors causing susceptibility, but when interacting with resistance genes, a hypersensitive reaction or alternative defense mechanisms. There are three types of resistance in cereals: (1) basal resistance provided by plasma membrane-localized receptors proteins; (2) racespecific resistance provided by intracellular immune R-receptors; (3) partial resistance conferred by quantitative gene loci. The system ‘wheat (Triticum aestivum) – the fungus causing leaf rust (Puccinia triticina)’ is an interesting model for observing all the resistance mechanisms listed above, since the strategy of this pathogen is aimed at the constitutive use of host resources. The review focuses on known wheat genes responsible for various types of resistance to leaf rust: race-specific genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr19, and Lr21; adult resistance genes which are hypersensitive Lr12, Lr13, Lr22a, Lr22b, Lr35, Lr48, and Lr49; nonhypersensitive genes conferring partial resistance Lr34, Lr46, Lr67, and Lr77. The involvement of some wheat R-genes in pre-haustorial resistance to leaf rust has been discovered recently: Lr1, Lr3a, Lr9, LrB, Lr19, Lr21, Lr38. The presence of these genes in the genotype ensures the interruption of early pathogenesis through the following mechanisms: disorientation and branching of the germ tube; formation of aberrant fungal penetration structures (appressorium, substomatal vesicle); accumulation of callose in mesophyll cell walls. Breeding for immunity is accelerated by implementation of data on various mechanisms of wheat resistance to rust diseases, which are summarized in this review.
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Mahlein AK, Kuska MT, Thomas S, Wahabzada M, Behmann J, Rascher U, Kersting K. Quantitative and qualitative phenotyping of disease resistance of crops by hyperspectral sensors: seamless interlocking of phytopathology, sensors, and machine learning is needed! CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:156-162. [PMID: 31387067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Determination and characterization of resistance reactions of crops against fungal pathogens are essential to select resistant genotypes. In plant breeding, phenotyping of genotypes is realized by time consuming and expensive visual plant ratings. During resistance reactions and during pathogenesis plants initiate different structural and biochemical defence mechanisms, which partly affect the optical properties of plant organs. Recently, intensive research has been conducted to develop innovative optical methods for an assessment of compatible and incompatible plant pathogen interaction. These approaches, combining classical phytopathology or microbiology with technology driven methods - such as sensors, robotics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence - are summarized by the term digital phenotyping. In contrast to common visual rating, detection and assessment methods, optical sensors in combination with advanced data analysis methods are able to retrieve pathogen induced changes in the physiology of susceptible or resistant plants non-invasively and objectively. Phenotyping disease resistance aims different tasks. In an early breeding step, a qualitative assessment and characterization of specific resistance action is aimed to link it, for example, to a genetic marker. Later, during greenhouse and field screening, the assessment of the level of susceptibility of different genotypes is relevant. Within this review, recent advances of digital phenotyping technologies for the detection of subtle resistance reactions and resistance breeding are highlighted and methodological requirements are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Mahlein
- Institute for Sugar Beet Research, Germany; INRES Plant Disease, University Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Jan Behmann
- INRES Plant Disease, University Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kristian Kersting
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Cao M, Zhang S, Li M, Liu Y, Dong P, Li S, Kuang M, Li R, Zhou Y. Discovery of Four Novel Viruses Associated with Flower Yellowing Disease of Green Sichuan Pepper ( Zanthoxylum Armatum) by Virome Analysis. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080696. [PMID: 31370205 PMCID: PMC6723833 DOI: 10.3390/v11080696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging virus-like flower yellowing disease (FYD) of green Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum v. novemfolius) has been recently reported. Four new RNA viruses were discovered in the FYD-affected plant by the virome analysis using high-throughput sequencing of transcriptome and small RNAs. The complete genomes were determined, and based on the sequence and phylogenetic analysis, they are considered to be new members of the genera Nepovirus (Secoviridae), Idaeovirus (unassigned), Enamovirus (Luteoviridae), and Nucleorhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae), respectively. Therefore, the tentative names corresponding to these viruses are green Sichuan pepper-nepovirus (GSPNeV), -idaeovirus (GSPIV), -enamovirus (GSPEV), and -nucleorhabdovirus (GSPNuV). The viral population analysis showed that GSPNeV and GSPIV were dominant in the virome. The small RNA profiles of these viruses are in accordance with the typical virus-plant interaction model for Arabidopsis thaliana. Rapid and sensitive RT-PCR assays were developed for viral detection, and used to access the geographical distributions. The results revealed a correlation between GSPNeV and the FYD. The viruses pose potential threats to the normal production of green Sichuan pepper in the affected areas due to their natural transmission and wide spread in fields. Collectively, our results provide useful information regarding taxonomy, transmission and pathogenicity of the viruses as well as management of the FYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Li
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Shanrong Li
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Mi Kuang
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Ruhui Li
- USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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15
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Bisht DS, Bhatia V, Bhattacharya R. Improving plant-resistance to insect-pests and pathogens: The new opportunities through targeted genome editing. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 96:65-76. [PMID: 31039395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of high input agriculture are fading away due to degenerating soil health and adverse effects of climate change. Safeguarding crop yields in the changing environment and dynamics of pest and pathogens, has posed new challenges to global agriculture. Thus, integration of new technologies in crop improvement has been imperative for achieving the breeding objectives in faster ways. Recently, enormous potential of genome editing through engineered nucleases has been demonstrated in plants. Continuous refinements of the genome editing tools have increased depth and breadth of their applications. So far, genome editing has been demonstrated in more than fifty plant species. These include model species like Arabidopsis, as well as important crops like rice, wheat, maize etc. Particularly, CRISPR/Cas9 based two component genome editing system has been facile with wider applicability. Potential of genome editing has unfurled enormous possibilities for engineering diverse agronomic traits including durable resistance against insect-pests and pathogens. Novel propositions of developing insect and pathogen resistant crops by genome editing include altering the effector-target interaction, knocking out of host-susceptibility genes, engineering synthetic immune receptor eliciting broad spectrum resistance, uncoupling of antagonistic action of defense hormones etc. Alternatively, modification of insect genomes has been used either to create gene drive or to counteract resistance to various insecticides. The distinct advantage of genome editing system is that it can knock out specific target region in the genome without leaving the unwanted vector backbone. In this article, we have reviewed the novel opportunities offered by the genome editing technologies for developing insect and pathogen resistant crop-types, their future prospects and anticipated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Singh Bisht
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Varnika Bhatia
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ramcharan Bhattacharya
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India.
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16
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Boccardo NA, Segretin ME, Hernandez I, Mirkin FG, Chacón O, Lopez Y, Borrás-Hidalgo O, Bravo-Almonacid FF. Expression of pathogenesis-related proteins in transplastomic tobacco plants confers resistance to filamentous pathogens under field trials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2791. [PMID: 30808937 PMCID: PMC6391382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously challenged by pathogens, affecting most staple crops compromising food security. They have evolved different mechanisms to counterattack pathogen infection, including the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. These proteins have been implicated in active defense, and their overexpression has led to enhanced resistance in nuclear transgenic plants, although in many cases constitutive expression resulted in lesion-mimic phenotypes. We decided to evaluate plastid transformation as an alternative to overcome limitations observed for nuclear transgenic technologies. The advantages include the possibilities to express polycistronic RNAs, to obtain higher protein expression levels, and the impeded gene flow due to the maternal inheritance of the plastome. We transformed Nicotiana tabacum plastids to co-express the tobacco PR proteins AP24 and β-1,3-glucanase. Transplastomic tobacco lines were characterized and subsequently challenged with Rhizoctonia solani, Peronospora hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina and Phytophthora nicotianae. Results showed that transplastomic plants expressing AP24 and β-1,3-glucanase are resistant to R. solani in greenhouse conditions and, furthermore, they are protected against P.hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina and P. nicotianae in field conditions under high inoculum pressure. Our results suggest that plastid co- expression of PR proteins AP24 and β-1,3-glucanase resulted in enhanced resistance against filamentous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ayelen Boccardo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), (C1428ADN), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Segretin
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), (C1428ADN), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (C1428EGA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ingrid Hernandez
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), (10600), La Habana, Cuba
| | - Federico Gabriel Mirkin
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), (C1428ADN), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osmani Chacón
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), (10600), La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yunior Lopez
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), (10600), La Habana, Cuba
| | - Orlando Borrás-Hidalgo
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), (10600), La Habana, Cuba
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, (250353), P.R. China
| | - Fernando Félix Bravo-Almonacid
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), (C1428ADN), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, (B1876BXD), Argentina.
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17
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Arif M, Islam SU, Adnan M, Anwar M, Ali H, Wu Z. Recent progress on gene silencing/suppression by virus-derived small interfering RNAs in rice viruses especially Rice grassy stunt virus. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:210-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Smith-Moore CM, Grunden AM. Bacteria and archaea as the sources of traits for enhanced plant phenotypes. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1900-1916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Borrelli GM, Mazzucotelli E, Marone D, Crosatti C, Michelotti V, Valè G, Mastrangelo AM. Regulation and Evolution of NLR Genes: A Close Interconnection for Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1662. [PMID: 29867062 PMCID: PMC6032283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NLR (NOD-like receptor) genes belong to one of the largest gene families in plants. Their role in plants' resistance to pathogens has been clearly described for many members of this gene family, and dysregulation or overexpression of some of these genes has been shown to induce an autoimmunity state that strongly affects plant growth and yield. For this reason, these genes have to be tightly regulated in their expression and activity, and several regulatory mechanisms are described here that tune their gene expression and protein levels. This gene family is subjected to rapid evolution, and to maintain diversity at NLRs, a plethora of genetic mechanisms have been identified as sources of variation. Interestingly, regulation of gene expression and evolution of this gene family are two strictly interconnected aspects. Indeed, some examples have been reported in which mechanisms of gene expression regulation have roles in promotion of the evolution of this gene family. Moreover, co-evolution of the NLR gene family and other gene families devoted to their control has been recently demonstrated, as in the case of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M Borrelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 673, km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy.
| | - Daniela Marone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 673, km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy.
| | - Vania Michelotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy.
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy.
| | - Anna M Mastrangelo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via Stezzano 24, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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20
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Hemmer C, Djennane S, Ackerer L, Hleibieh K, Marmonier A, Gersch S, Garcia S, Vigne E, Komar V, Perrin M, Gertz C, Belval L, Berthold F, Monsion B, Schmitt‐Keichinger C, Lemaire O, Lorber B, Gutiérrez C, Muyldermans S, Demangeat G, Ritzenthaler C. Nanobody-mediated resistance to Grapevine fanleaf virus in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:660-671. [PMID: 28796912 PMCID: PMC5787842 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, single-domain antigen-binding fragments of camelid-derived heavy-chain-only antibodies, also known as nanobodies (Nbs), have proven to be of outstanding interest as therapeutics against human diseases and pathogens including viruses, but their use against phytopathogens remains limited. Many plant viruses including Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), a nematode-transmitted icosahedral virus and causal agent of fanleaf degenerative disease, have worldwide distribution and huge burden on crop yields representing billions of US dollars of losses annually, yet solutions to combat these viruses are often limited or inefficient. Here, we identified a Nb specific to GFLV that confers strong resistance to GFLV upon stable expression in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and also in grapevine rootstock, the natural host of the virus. We showed that resistance was effective against a broad range of GFLV isolates independently of the inoculation method including upon nematode transmission but not against its close relative, Arabis mosaic virus. We also demonstrated that virus neutralization occurs at an early step of the virus life cycle, prior to cell-to-cell movement. Our findings will not only be instrumental to confer resistance to GFLV in grapevine, but more generally they pave the way for the generation of novel antiviral strategies in plants based on Nbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hemmer
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes du CNRSUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- SVQVINRAUniversité de StrasbourgColmarFrance
| | | | - Léa Ackerer
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes du CNRSUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- SVQVINRAUniversité de StrasbourgColmarFrance
- Institut français de la vigne et du vinDomaine de l'EspiguetteLe Grau du RoiFrance
| | - Kamal Hleibieh
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes du CNRSUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - François Berthold
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes du CNRSUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes du CNRSUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | | | | | - Bernard Lorber
- Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire du CNRSStrasbourg CedexFrance
| | - Carlos Gutiérrez
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaArucasLas PalmasSpain
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Christophe Ritzenthaler
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes du CNRSUniversité de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
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21
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A Gene Encoding Scots Pine Antimicrobial Protein Sp-AMP2 (PR-19) Confers Increased Tolerance against Botrytis cinerea in Transgenic Tobacco. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Neu E, Featherston J, Rees J, Debener T. A draft genome sequence of the rose black spot fungus Diplocarpon rosae reveals a high degree of genome duplication. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185310. [PMID: 28981525 PMCID: PMC5628827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black spot is one of the most severe and damaging diseases of garden roses. We present the draft genome sequence of its causative agent Diplocarpon rosae as a working tool to generate molecular markers and to analyze functional and structural characteristics of this fungus. RESULTS The isolate DortE4 was sequenced with 191x coverage of different read types which were assembled into 2457 scaffolds. By evidence supported genome annotation with the MAKER pipeline 14,004 gene models were predicted and transcriptomic data indicated that 88.5% of them are expressed during the early stages of infection. Analyses of k-mer distributions resulted in unexpectedly large genome size estimations between 72.5 and 91.4 Mb, which cannot be attributed to its repeat structure and content of transposable elements alone, factors explaining such differences in other fungal genomes. In contrast, different lines of evidences demonstrate that a huge proportion (approximately 80%) of genes are duplicated, which might indicate a whole genome duplication event. By PCR-RFLP analysis of six paralogous gene pairs of BUSCO orthologs, which are expected to be single copy genes, we could show experimentally that the duplication is not due to technical error and that not all isolates tested possess all of the paralogs. CONCLUSIONS The presented genome sequence is still a fragmented draft but contains almost the complete gene space. Therefore, it provides a useful working tool to study the interaction of D. rosae with the host and the influence of a genome duplication outside of the model yeast in the background of a phytopathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Neu
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonathan Featherston
- Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jasper Rees
- Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Limera C, Sabbadini S, Sweet JB, Mezzetti B. New Biotechnological Tools for the Genetic Improvement of Major Woody Fruit Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1418. [PMID: 28861099 PMCID: PMC5559511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of woody fruit species by traditional plant breeding techniques has several limitations mainly caused by their high degree of heterozygosity, the length of their juvenile phase and auto-incompatibility. The development of new biotechnological tools (NBTs), such as RNA interference (RNAi), trans-grafting, cisgenesis/intragenesis, and genome editing tools, like zinc-finger and CRISPR/Cas9, has introduced the possibility of more precise and faster genetic modifications of plants. This aspect is of particular importance for the introduction or modification of specific traits in woody fruit species while maintaining unchanged general characteristics of a selected cultivar. Moreover, some of these new tools give the possibility to obtain transgene-free modified fruit tree genomes, which should increase consumer's acceptance. Over the decades biotechnological tools have undergone rapid development and there is a continuous addition of new and valuable techniques for plant breeders. This makes it possible to create desirable woody fruit varieties in a fast and more efficient way to meet the demand for sustainable agricultural productivity. Although, NBTs have a common goal i.e., precise, fast, and efficient crop improvement, individually they are markedly different in approach and characteristics from each other. In this review we describe in detail their mechanisms and applications for the improvement of fruit trees and consider the relationship between these biotechnological tools and the EU biosafety regulations applied to the plants and products obtained through these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Limera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Jeremy B. Sweet
- J. T. Environmental Consultants LtdCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
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Parmar N, Singh KH, Sharma D, Singh L, Kumar P, Nanjundan J, Khan YJ, Chauhan DK, Thakur AK. Genetic engineering strategies for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality enhancement in horticultural crops: a comprehensive review. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:239. [PMID: 28702937 PMCID: PMC5507805 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering technique offers myriads of applications in improvement of horticultural crops for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and produce quality enhancement. During last two decades, a large number of transgenic horticultural crops has been developed and more are underway. A number of genes including natural and synthetic Cry genes, protease inhibitors, trypsin inhibitors and cystatin genes have been used to incorporate insect and nematode resistance. For providing protection against fungal and bacterial diseases, various genes like chitinase, glucanase, osmotin, defensin and pathogenesis-related genes are being transferred to many horticultural crops world over. RNAi technique has been found quite successful in inducing virus resistance in horticultural crops in addition to coat protein genes. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat and salinity adversely affect production and productivity of horticultural crops and a number of genes encoding for biosynthesis of stress protecting compounds including mannitol, glycine betaine and heat shock proteins have been employed for abiotic stress tolerance besides various transcription factors like DREB1, MAPK, WRKY, etc. Antisense gene and RNAi technologies have revolutionized the pace of improvement of horticultural crops, particularly ornamentals for color modification, increasing shelf-life and reducing post-harvest losses. Precise genome editing tools, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have been efficiently applied in tomato, petunia, citrus, grape, potato and apple for gene mutation, repression, activation and epigenome editing. This review provides comprehensive overview to draw the attention of researchers for better understanding of genetic engineering advancements in imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as on improving various traits related to quality, texture, plant architecture modification, increasing shelf-life, etc. in different horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehanjali Parmar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173 230, India.
| | | | - Deepika Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
| | - Lal Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - J Nanjundan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, 643 231, India
| | - Yasin Jeshima Khan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, J&K, 180 009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
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25
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Using Resurrected Ancestral Proviral Proteins to Engineer Virus Resistance. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1247-1256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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26
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Gonzales-Salazar R, Cecere B, Ruocco M, Rao R, Corrado G. A comparison between constitutive and inducible transgenic expression of the PhRIP I gene for broad-spectrum resistance against phytopathogens in potato. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1049-1058. [PMID: 28365881 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To engineer broad spectrum resistance in potato using different expression strategies. RESULTS The previously identified Ribosome-Inactivating Protein from Phytolacca heterotepala was expressed in potato under a constitutive or a wound-inducible promoter. Leaves and tubers of the plants constitutively expressing the transgene were resistant to Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. The wound-inducible promoter was useful in driving the expression upon wounding and fungal damage, and conferred resistance to B. cinerea. The observed differences between the expression strategies are discussed considering the benefits and features offered by the two systems. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is provided of the possible impact of promoter sequences to engineer BSR in plants, highlighting that the selection of a suitable expression strategy has to balance specific needs and target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romel Gonzales-Salazar
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Bianca Cecere
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Portici, NA, Italy.
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Fondong VN. The Search for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Geminiviruses: How Much We Have Accomplished, and What Lies Ahead. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:408. [PMID: 28392798 PMCID: PMC5365051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which occurs in all cassava growing regions of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, is caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs). CMGs are considered to be the most damaging vector-borne plant pathogens. So far, the most successful approach used to control these viruses has been the transfer of a polygenic recessive resistance locus, designated CMD1, from wild cassava to cassava cultivars. Further progress in harnessing natural resistance to contain CMGs has come from the discovery of the dominant monogenic resistance locus, CMD2, in some West African cassava cultivars. CMD2 has been combined with CMD1 through genetic crosses. Because of the limitations of the cassava breeding approach, especially with regard to time required to produce a variety and the loss of preferred agronomic attributes, efforts have been directed toward the deployment of genetic engineering approaches. Most of these approaches have been centered on RNA silencing strategies, developed mainly in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Early RNA silencing platforms assessed for CMG resistance have been use of viral genes for co-suppression, antisense suppression or for hairpin RNAs-mediated gene silencing. Here, progress and challenges in the deployment of these approaches in the control of CMGs are discussed. Novel functional genomics approaches with potential to overcome some of the drawbacks of the current strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N. Fondong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State UniversityDover, DE, USA
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28
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Chen F, Liu C, Zhang J, Lei H, Li HP, Liao YC, Tang H. Combined Metabonomic and Quantitative RT-PCR Analyses Revealed Metabolic Reprogramming Associated with Fusarium graminearum Resistance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2177. [PMID: 29354139 PMCID: PMC5758590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight disease resulting from Fusarium graminearum (FG) infection causes huge losses in global production of cereals and development of FG-resistant plants is urgently needed. To understand biochemistry mechanisms for FG resistance, here, we have systematically investigated the plant metabolomic phenotypes associated with FG resistance for transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing a class-I chitinase (Chi), a Fusarium-specific recombinant antibody gene (CWP2) and fused Chi-CWP2. Plant disease indices, mycotoxin levels, metabonomic characteristics, and expression levels of several key genes were measured together with their correlations. We found that A. thaliana expressing Chi-CWP2 showed higher FG resistance with much lower disease indices and mycotoxin levels than the wild-type and the plants expressing Chi or CWP2 alone. The combined metabonomic and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that such FG-resistance was closely associated with the promoted biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids, alkanoids) and organic osmolytes (proline, betaine, glucose, myo-inositol) together with enhanced TCA cycle and GABA shunt. These suggest that the concurrently enhanced biosyntheses of the shikimate-mediated secondary metabolites and organic osmolytes be an important strategy for A. thaliana to develop and improve FG resistance. These findings provide essential biochemical information related to FG resistance which is important for developing FG-resistant cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - He-Ping Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Cai Liao
| | - Huiru Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Genetics and Development, Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huiru Tang
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Mathur V, Javid L, Kulshrestha S, Mandal A, Reddy AA. World Cultivation of Genetically Modified Crops: Opportunities and Risks. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58679-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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A quantitative method for determining relative colonization rates of maize callus by Fusarium graminearum for resistance gene evaluations. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 130:73-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Taha O, Farouk I, Abdallah A, Abdallah NA. Use of Posttranscription Gene Silencing in Squash to Induce Resistance against the Egyptian Isolate of the Squash Leaf Curl Virus. Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:6053147. [PMID: 27034922 PMCID: PMC4808554 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6053147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV) is a bipartite begomovirus affecting squash plants. It is transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B causing severe leaf curling, vein banding, and molting ending by stunting. In this study full-length genomic clone of SqLCV Egyptian isolated and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been induced to develop virus resistance. The Noubaria SqLCV has more than 95% homology with Jordon, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, and Cairo isolates. Two genes fragment from SqLCV introduced in sense and antisense orientations using pFGC5049 vector to be expressed as hairpin RNA. The first fragment was 348 bp from replication associated protein gene (Rep). The second fragment was 879 bp representing the full sequence of the movement protein gene (BC1). Using real-time PCR, a silencing record of 97% has been recorded to Rep/TrAP construct; as a result it has prevented the appearance of viral symptoms in most tested plants up to two months after infection, while construct containing the BC1 gene scored a reduction in the accumulation of viral genome expression as appearing in real-time PCR results 4.6-fold giving a silencing of 79%, which had a positive effect on symptoms development in most tested plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Taha
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, ARC, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Inas Farouk
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, ARC, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi Abdallah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo 12619, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A. Abdallah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo 12619, Egypt
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32
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Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Ilyas M, Wagaba H, Fauquet CM, Miano D, Alicai T, Taylor NJ. A Virus-Derived Stacked RNAi Construct Confers Robust Resistance to Cassava Brown Streak Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2052. [PMID: 28149300 PMCID: PMC5241307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) threatens food and economic security for smallholder farmers throughout East and Central Africa, and poses a threat to cassava production in West Africa. CBSD is caused by two whitefly-transmitted virus species: Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) (Genus: Ipomovirus, Family Potyviridae). Although varying levels of tolerance have been achieved through conventional breeding, to date, effective resistance to CBSD within East African cassava germplasm has not been identified. RNAi technology was utilized to integrate CBSD resistance into the Ugandan farmer-preferred cassava cultivar TME 204. Transgenic plant lines were generated expressing an inverted repeat construct (p5001) derived from coat-protein (CP) sequences of CBSV and UCBSV fused in tandem. Northern blots using probes specific for each CP sequence were performed to characterize 169 independent transgenic lines for accumulation of CP-derived siRNAs. Transgenic plant lines accumulating low, medium and high levels of siRNAs were bud graft challenged with the virulent CBSV Naliendele isolate alone or in combination with UCBSV. Resistance to CBSD in the greenhouse directly correlated to levels of CP-derived siRNAs as determined by visual assessment of leaf and storage root symptoms, and RT-PCR diagnosis for presence of the pathogens. Low expressing lines were found to be susceptible to CBSV and UCBSV, while medium to high accumulating plant lines were resistant to both virus species. Absence of detectable virus in the best performing p5001 transgenic lines was further confirmed by back-inoculation via sap or graft challenge to CBSD susceptible Nicotiana benthamiana and cassava cultivar 60444, respectively. Data presented shows robust resistance of transgenic p5001 TME 204 lines to both CBSV and UCBSV under greenhouse conditions. Levels of resistance correlated directly with levels of transgene derived siRNA expression such that the latter can be used as predictor of resistance to CBSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Beyene
- Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. LouisMO, USA
| | - Raj Deepika Chauhan
- Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. LouisMO, USA
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. LouisMO, USA
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, USA
| | - Henry Wagaba
- National Crops Resources Research InstituteKampala, Uganda
| | - Claude M. Fauquet
- Global Cassava Partnership for the 21st Century, International Center for Tropical AgricultureCali, Colombia
| | - Douglas Miano
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of NairobiNairobi, Kenya
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research InstituteKampala, Uganda
| | - Nigel J. Taylor
- Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. LouisMO, USA
- *Correspondence: Nigel J. Taylor,
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Zhang C, Wu Z, Li Y, Wu J. Biogenesis, Function, and Applications of Virus-Derived Small RNAs in Plants. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1237. [PMID: 26617580 PMCID: PMC4637412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA silencing, an evolutionarily conserved and sequence-specific gene-inactivation system, has a pivotal role in antiviral defense in most eukaryotic organisms. In plants, a class of exogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) originating from the infecting virus called virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) are predominantly responsible for RNA silencing-mediated antiviral immunity. Nowadays, the process of vsiRNA formation and the role of vsiRNAs in plant viral defense have been revealed through deep sequencing of sRNAs and diverse genetic analysis. The biogenesis of vsiRNAs is analogous to that of endogenous sRNAs, which require diverse essential components including dicer-like (DCL), argonaute (AGO), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) proteins. vsiRNAs trigger antiviral defense through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of viral RNA, and they hijack the host RNA silencing system to target complementary host transcripts. Additionally, several applications that take advantage of the current knowledge of vsiRNAs research are being used, such as breeding antiviral plants through genetic engineering technology, reconstructing of viral genomes, and surveying viral ecology and populations. Here, we will provide an overview of vsiRNA pathways, with a primary focus on the advances in vsiRNA biogenesis and function, and discuss their potential applications as well as the future challenges in vsiRNAs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, The National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China ; Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, The National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing, China
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Sousa DOB, Carvalho AFU, Oliveira JTA, Farias DF, Castelar I, Oliveira HP, Vasconcelos IM. Increased Levels of Antinutritional and/or Defense Proteins Reduced the Protein Quality of a Disease-Resistant Soybean Cultivar. Nutrients 2015; 7:6038-54. [PMID: 26205163 PMCID: PMC4517045 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical and nutritional attributes of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, one susceptible (Seridó) and the other resistant (Seridó-RCH) to stem canker, were examined to assess whether the resistance to pathogens was related to levels of antinutritional and/or defense proteins in the plant and subsequently affected the nutritional quality. Lectin, urease, trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase and chitinase activities were higher in the resistant cultivar. Growing rats were fed with isocaloric and isoproteic diets prepared with defatted raw soybean meals. Those on the Seridó-RCH diet showed the worst performance in terms of protein quality indicators. Based on regression analysis, lectin, trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase and chitinase appear to be involved in the resistance trait but also in the poorer nutritional quality of Seridó-RCH. Thus, the development of cultivars for disease resistance may lead to higher concentrations of antinutritional compounds, affecting the quality of soybean seeds. Further research that includes the assessment of more cultivars/genotypes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele O B Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, , Fortaleza 604440-900, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ana F U Carvalho
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil.
| | - José Tadeu A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, , Fortaleza 604440-900, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi F Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, , Fortaleza 604440-900, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Castelar
- Department of Finance, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Benfica, 60440-970, Fortaleza 60020-180, CE, Brazil.
| | - Henrique P Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, , Fortaleza 604440-900, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, , Fortaleza 604440-900, CE, Brazil.
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Pagé AP, Yergeau É, Greer CW. Salix purpurea Stimulates the Expression of Specific Bacterial Xenobiotic Degradation Genes in a Soil Contaminated with Hydrocarbons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132062. [PMID: 26161539 PMCID: PMC4498887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to uncover Salix purpurea-microbe xenobiotic degradation systems that could be harnessed in rhizoremediation, and to identify microorganisms that are likely involved in these partnerships. To do so, we tested S. purpurea's ability to stimulate the expression of 10 marker microbial oxygenase genes in a soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. In what appeared to be a detoxification rhizosphere effect, transcripts encoding for alkane 1-monooxygenases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, laccase/polyphenol oxidases, and biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase small subunits were significantly more abundant in the vicinity of the plant's roots than in bulk soil. This gene expression induction is consistent with willows' known rhizoremediation capabilities, and suggests the existence of S. purpurea-microbe systems that target many organic contaminants of interest (i.e. C4-C16 alkanes, fluoranthene, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, biphenyl, polychlorinated biphenyls). An enhanced expression of the 4 genes was also observed within the bacterial orders Actinomycetales, Rhodospirillales, Burkholderiales, Alteromonadales, Solirubrobacterales, Caulobacterales, and Rhizobiales, which suggest that members of these taxa are active participants in the exposed partnerships. Although the expression of the other 6 marker genes did not appear to be stimulated by the plant at the community level, signs of additional systems that rest on their expression by members of the orders Solirubrobacterales, Sphingomonadales, Actinomycetales, and Sphingobacteriales were observed. Our study presents the first transcriptomics-based identification of microbes whose xenobiotic degradation activity in soil appears stimulated by a plant. It paints a portrait that contrasts with the current views on these consortia's composition, and opens the door for the development of laboratory test models geared towards the identification of root exudate characteristics that limit the efficiency of current willow-based rhizoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P. Pagé
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles W. Greer
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Transgenic resistance to plant viruses is an important technology for control of plant virus infection, which has been demonstrated for many model systems, as well as for the most important plant viruses, in terms of the costs of crop losses to disease, and also for many other plant viruses infecting various fruits and vegetables. Different approaches have been used over the last 28 years to confer resistance, to ascertain whether particular genes or RNAs are more efficient at generating resistance, and to take advantage of advances in the biology of RNA interference to generate more efficient and environmentally safer, novel "resistance genes." The approaches used have been based on expression of various viral proteins (mostly capsid protein but also replicase proteins, movement proteins, and to a much lesser extent, other viral proteins), RNAs [sense RNAs (translatable or not), antisense RNAs, satellite RNAs, defective-interfering RNAs, hairpin RNAs, and artificial microRNAs], nonviral genes (nucleases, antiviral inhibitors, and plantibodies), and host-derived resistance genes (dominant resistance genes and recessive resistance genes), and various factors involved in host defense responses. This review examines the above range of approaches used, the viruses that were tested, and the host species that have been examined for resistance, in many cases describing differences in results that were obtained for various systems developed in the last 20 years. We hope this compilation of experiences will aid those who are seeking to use this technology to provide resistance in yet other crops, where nature has not provided such.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mullins E. Engineering for disease resistance: persistent obstacles clouding tangible opportunities. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:645-651. [PMID: 25353158 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The accelerating pace of gene discovery, coupled with novel plant breeding technologies, provides tangible opportunities with which to engineer disease resistance into agricultural and horticultural crops. This is especially the case for potato, wheat, apple and banana, which are afflicted with fungal and bacterial diseases that impact significantly on each crop's economic viability. Yet public scepticism and burdensome regulatory systems remain the two primary obstacles preventing the translation of research discoveries into cultivars of agronomic value. In this perspective review, the potential to address these issues is explained, and specific opportunities arising from recent genomics-based initiatives are highlighted as clear examples of what can be achieved in respect of developing disease resistance in crop species. There is an urgent need to tackle the challenge of agrichemical dependency in current crop production systems, and, while engineering for disease resistance is possible, it is not the sole solution and should not be proclaimed as so. Instead, all systems must be given due consideration, with none dismissed in the absence of science-based support, thereby ensuring that future cropping systems have the necessary advantage over those pathogens that continue to inflict losses year after year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Mullins
- Department of Crop Science, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland
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Barros-Rios J, Santiago R, Jung HJG, Malvar RA. Covalent cross-linking of cell-wall polysaccharides through esterified diferulates as a maize resistance mechanism against corn borers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2206-14. [PMID: 25619118 DOI: 10.1021/jf505341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence to suggest that cross-linking of cell-wall polymers through ester-linked diferulates has a key role in plant resistance to pests; however, direct experimentation to provide conclusive proof is lacking. This study presents an evaluation of the damage caused by two corn borer species on six maize populations particularly selected for divergent diferulate concentrations in pith stem tissues. Maize populations selected for high total diferulate concentration had 31% higher diferulates than those selected for low diferulates. Stem tunneling by corn borer species was 29% greater in the population with the lowest diferulates than in the population with the highest diferulates (31.7 versus 22.6 cm), whereas total diferulate concentration was negatively correlated with stem tunneling by corn borers. Moreover, orthogonal contrasts between groups of populations evaluated showed that larvae fed in laboratory bioassays on pith stem tissues from maize populations with higher diferulates had 30-40% lower weight than larvae fed on the same tissues from maize populations with lower diferulates. This is the first report that shows a direct relationship between diferulate deposition in maize cell walls and corn borer resistance. Current findings will help to develop adapted maize varieties with an acceptable level of resistance against borers and be useful in special kinds of agriculture, such as organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Barros-Rios
- Grupo de Genética y Mejora de Maíz, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
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39
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Multiple functions of capsid proteins in (+) stranded RNA viruses during plant–virus interactions. Virus Res 2015; 196:140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Kamo K, Lakshman D, Rathore K. Disease resistance: molecular mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Preface. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 228:1-2. [PMID: 25438780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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41
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Ruhlman TA, Rajasekaran K, Cary JW. Expression of chloroperoxidase from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia in tobacco plastids for fungal resistance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 228:98-106. [PMID: 25438790 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chloroperoxidase (cpo) gene from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia was transformed into the plastid genome (plastome) of Nicotiana tabacum var. Petit Havana and transplastomic lines were compared with a nuclear transformant for the same gene. Southern analysis confirmed integration in the plastome and western blotting confirmed the presence of the chloroperoxidase protein (CPO) in higher abundance in transplastomic plants than in cpo nuclear transformants. Northern analysis of primary plastome transformants for cpo showed 15-fold higher transcript abundance than in the nuclear transformant, yet this extent of enhancement was not observed in western blot, enzyme or bioassay, indicating a bottleneck at the post-transcriptional level. Representative plants from the two transplastomic lines showed resistance to fungal pathogens in vitro (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, and Verticillium dahliae) and in planta (Alternaria alternata).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Ruhlman
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, United States.
| | - Kanniah Rajasekaran
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, United States.
| | - Jeffrey W Cary
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124-4305, United States.
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42
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Goyal RK, Mattoo AK. Multitasking antimicrobial peptides in plant development and host defense against biotic/abiotic stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 228:135-49. [PMID: 25438794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crop losses due to pathogens are a major threat to global food security. Plants employ a multilayer defense against a pathogen including the use of physical barriers (cell wall), induction of hypersensitive defense response (HR), resistance (R) proteins, and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Unlike a complex R gene-mediated immunity, AMPs directly target diverse microbial pathogens. Many a times, R-mediated immunity breaks down and plant defense is compromised. Although R-gene dependent pathogen resistance has been well studied, comparatively little is known about the interactions of AMPs with host defense and physiology. AMPs are ubiquitous, low molecular weight peptides that display broad spectrum resistance against bacteria, fungi and viruses. In plants, AMPs are mainly classified into cyclotides, defensins, thionins, lipid transfer proteins, snakins, and hevein-like vicilin-like and knottins. Genetic distance lineages suggest their conservation with minimal effect of speciation events during evolution. AMPs provide durable resistance in plants through a combination of membrane lysis and cellular toxicity of the pathogen. Plant hormones - gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid, are among the physiological regulators that regulate the expression of AMPs. Transgenically produced AMP-plants have become a means showing that AMPs are able to mitigate host defense responses while providing durable resistance against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, ARS's Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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43
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Pinheiro PV, Quintela ED, Junqueira AMR, Aragão FJL, Faria JC. Populational survey of arthropods on transgenic common bean expressing the rep gene from Bean golden mosaic virus. GM CROPS & FOOD 2014; 5:139-48. [PMID: 24922280 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.29224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops is considered the fastest adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture. However, possible undesirable and unintended effects must be considered during the research steps toward development of a commercial product. In this report we evaluated effects of a common bean virus resistant line on arthropod populations, considered as non-target organisms. This GM bean line (named M1/4) was modified for resistance against Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) by expressing a mutated REP protein, which is essential for virus replication. Biosafety studies were performed for a period of three years under field conditions. The abundance of some species was significantly higher in specific treatments in a particular year, but not consistently different in other years. A regular pattern was not observed in the distribution of insects between genetically modified and conventional treatments. Data analyses showed that minor differences observed can be attributed to random variation and were not consistent enough to conclude that the treatments were different. Therefore the present study indicates that the relative abundance of species are similar in transgenic and non-transgenic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Josias C Faria
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão; Santo Antônio de Goiás; Goiás, Brazil
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44
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Zhang X, Zhao P, Wu K, Zhang Y, Peng M, Liu Z. Compositional equivalency of RNAi-mediated virus-resistant transgenic soybean and its nontransgenic counterpart. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4475-9. [PMID: 24754373 DOI: 10.1021/jf500859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), which is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), is an evolutionarily conserved process that is active in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. Engineering plants with hairpin construct in which the viral gene is arranged in inverted repeats (IR) renders plants resistant to plant virus infection. However, there is no report on whether biologically important changes occurred by the insertion of IR, which confer transgenic plants virus resistance. In the present study, the compositions of virus-resistant transgenic soybean seeds developed by insertion of three short IRs, each containing the specific, highly conserved sequences derived from one virus, were compared with those of nontransgenic counterparts by applying the principle of substantial equivalence to determine whether significant undesirable biological changes occurred by IR insertion. The results revealed that the nutrient components as well as antinutrient contents of these virus-resistant soybean lines are substantially equivalent to those of the nontransgenic counterparts, and the majority of the measured amounts of nutritional components and antinutrient contents are well within the range of values reported for other commercial soybean lines. The results imply that no biologically important changes occurred by the insertion of IRs in the RNAi-mediated virus-resistant transgenic soybeans. The results can serve as baseline information for developing RNAi-mediated transgenic soybean cultivars or other crops with broader spectrum virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China
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45
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Chen M, Sun L, Wu H, Chen J, Ma Y, Zhang X, Du L, Cheng S, Zhang B, Ye X, Pang J, Zhang X, Li L, Andika IB, Chen J, Xu H. Durable field resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus in transgenic wheat containing the antisense virus polymerase gene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:447-456. [PMID: 24373454 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) has spread rapidly and causes serious yield losses in the major wheat-growing areas in China. Because it is vectored by the fungus-like organism Polymyxa graminis that survives for long periods in soil, it is difficult to eliminate by conventional crop management or fungicides. There is also only limited resistance in commercial cultivars. In this research, fourteen independent transgenic events were obtained by co-transformation with the antisense NIb8 gene (the NIb replicase of WYMV) and a selectable gene bar. Four original transgenic lines (N12, N13, N14 and N15) and an offspring line (N12-1) showed high and durable resistance to WYMV in the field. Four resistant lines were shown to have segregated and only contain NIb8 (without bar) by PCR and herbicide resistance testing in the later generations. Line N12-1 showed broad-spectrum resistance to WYMV isolates from different sites in China. After growing in the infested soil, WYMV could not be detected by tissue printing and Western blot assays of transgenic wheat. The grain yield of transgenic wheat was about 10% greater than the wild-type susceptible control. Northern blot and small RNA deep sequencing analyses showed that there was no accumulation of small interfering RNAs targeting the NIb8 gene in transgenic wheat plants, suggesting that transgene RNA silencing, a common mechanism of virus-derived disease resistance, is not involved in the process of WYMV resistance. This durable and broad-spectrum resistance to WYMV in transgenic wheat will be useful for alleviating the damage caused by WYMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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46
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Terzi V, Tumino G, Stanca AM, Morcia C. Reducing the incidence of cereal head infection and mycotoxins in small grain cereal species. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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García JA, Glasa M, Cambra M, Candresse T. Plum pox virus and sharka: a model potyvirus and a major disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:226-41. [PMID: 24102673 PMCID: PMC6638681 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. PPV diversity is structured into at least eight monophyletic strains. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION First discovered in Bulgaria, PPV is nowadays present in most of continental Europe (with an endemic status in many central and southern European countries) and has progressively spread to many countries on other continents. GENOMIC STRUCTURE Typical of potyviruses, the PPV genome is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), with a protein linked to its 5' end and a 3'-terminal poly A tail. It is encapsidated by a single type of capsid protein (CP) in flexuous rod particles and is translated into a large polyprotein which is proteolytically processed in at least 10 final products: P1, HCPro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg, NIapro, NIb and CP. In addition, P3N-PIPO is predicted to be produced by a translational frameshift. PATHOGENICITY FEATURES PPV causes sharka, the most damaging viral disease of stone fruit trees. It also infects wild and ornamental Prunus trees and has a large experimental host range in herbaceous species. PPV spreads over long distances by uncontrolled movement of plant material, and many species of aphid transmit the virus locally in a nonpersistent manner. SOURCES OF RESISTANCE A few natural sources of resistance to PPV have been found so far in Prunus species, which are being used in classical breeding programmes. Different genetic engineering approaches are being used to generate resistance to PPV, and a transgenic plum, 'HoneySweet', transformed with the viral CP gene, has demonstrated high resistance to PPV in field tests in several countries and has obtained regulatory approval in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio García
- Departmento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Swarupa V, Ravishankar KV, Rekha A. Plant defense response against Fusarium oxysporum and strategies to develop tolerant genotypes in banana. PLANTA 2014; 239:735-51. [PMID: 24420701 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-2024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum causes major economic losses by inducing necrosis and wilting symptoms in many crop plants. Management of fusarium wilt is achieved mainly by the use of chemical fungicides which affect the soil health and their efficiency is often limited by pathogenic variability. Hence understanding the nature of interaction between pathogen and host may help to select and improve better cultivars. Current research evidences highlight the role of oxidative burst and antioxidant enzymes indicating that ROS act as an important signaling molecule in banana defense response against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The role of jasmonic acid signaling in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens is well recognized. But recent studies show that the role of salicylic acid is complex and ambiguous against necrotrophic pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, leading to many intriguing questions about its relationship between other signaling compounds. In case of banana, a major challenge is to identify specific receptors for effector proteins like SIX proteins and also the components of various signal transduction pathways. Significant progress has been made to uncover the role of defense genes but is limited to only model plants such as Arabidopsis and tomato. Keeping this in view, we review the host response, pathogen diversity, current understanding of biochemical and molecular changes that occur during host and pathogen interaction. Developing resistant cultivars through mutation, breeding, transgenic and cisgenic approaches have been discussed. This would help us to understand host defenses against Fusarium oxysporum and to formulate strategies to develop tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Swarupa
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089, India
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49
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Scientific Research Related to Genetically Modified Trees. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WORLD'S FORESTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7076-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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50
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Rai MK, Shekhawat NS. Recent advances in genetic engineering for improvement of fruit crops. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (PCTOC) 2014; 116:1-15. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-013-0389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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