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Abstract
Inbred mice (C57BL/6J and A/J) received training in a water maze with free spatial (right-left) or visual (black-white) choices followed by spatial or visual learning. C57BL/6J mice showed spatial preferences and learned the spatial task faster than the visual task. A/J mice evidenced no preferences and learned neither task.
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How does one apply statistical analysis to our understanding of the development of human relationships. Behav Brain Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractIt makes sense to attribute a definite percentage of variation in some measure of behavior to variation in heredity only if the effects of heredity and environment are truly additive. Additivity is often tested by examining the interaction effect in a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or its equivalent multiple regression model. If this effect is not statistically significant at the α = 0.05 level, it is common practice in certain fields (e.g., human behavior genetics) to conclude that the two factors really are additive and then to use linear models, which assume additivity. Comparing several simple models of nonadditive, interactive relationships between heredity and environment, however, reveals that ANOVA often fails to detect nonadditivity because it has much less power in tests of interaction than in tests of main effects. Likewise, the sample sizes needed to detect real interactions are substantially greater than those needed to detect main effects. Data transformations that reduce interaction effects also change drastically the properties ofthe causal model and may conceal theoretically interesting and practically useful relationships. If the goal ofpartitioning variance among mutually exclusive causes and calculating “heritability” coefficients is abandoned, interactive relationships can be examined more seriously and can enhance our understanding of the ways living things develop.
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Vogler GP. Gerald E. McClearn: complexity in behavior genetics. Behav Genet 2010; 40:735-6. [PMID: 21046217 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A festskrift in honor of the career contributions of Gerald E. McClearn was held in State College, Pennsylvania in May 2009. A selection of papers presented at that celebration is included in this issue of Behavior Genetics. These papers illustrate contemporary progress in research areas that have been chosen to reflect key aspects of Jerry's career accomplishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Vogler
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Interaction between genotype and environment: Yes, but who truly demonstrates this kind of interaction? Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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On the insensitivity of the ANOVA to interactions: Some suggested simulations. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Heredity and environment: How important is the interaction? Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Inherited quality control problems. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00078043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Inheritance and the additive genetic model. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Who do gene-environment interactions appear more often in laboratory animal studies than in human behavioral genetic research? Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Variation in means and in ends. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00078055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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One statistician's perspective. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x0007792x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Flechsig's rule and quantitative behavior genetics. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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An interaction effect is not a measurement. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Through the ANOVA looking-glass: Distortions of heredity-environment interactions. Behav Brain Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00077943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Will BE. Neurochemical correlates of individual differences in animal learning capacity. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1977; 19:143-71. [PMID: 849222 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(77)91458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Elias MF, Eleftheriou BE. Genetic analysis of water maze discrimination learning for Mus musculus: polygenes and albinism. Physiol Behav 1975; 14:833-8. [PMID: 1187840 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(75)90078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant inbred strains, their progenitor strains and reciprocal F1 hybrids were given thirty spatial discrimination learning trials in the water maze. The pattern of RI strains in relation to the reciprocal F1 hybrids and the progenitor strains, and differences among strains, suggested that different sets of genes affect the various components of water maze discrimination learning. There was no evidence that the albino gene influenced either inferior or superior performance. Pigmented strains performed as well as, or better than, some albino strains, and albino strain BALB/cBy differed significantly from albino strains CXBG and CXBI. The two reciprocal F1 hybrids differed from blocks 2 and 3 of discrimination trials when swimming time was used a dependent variable. Thus, it appears that performance of the F1 hybrids was influenced by paternal effects, maternal effects, or paternal maternal interactions.
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Oliverio A, Elias MF, Eleftheriou BE, Castellano C. Maze learning: a genetic investigation in the mouse. Psychol Rep 1975; 36:703-12. [PMID: 1144619 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1975.36.3.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant inbred strains, their progenitor strains, and their reciprocal F1 hybrids were tested for maze learning in the Lashley III maze and in the Y-water maze. The resulting pattern of strain distribution suggested that the genetic model provided by the RI strains is based on at least two, and possibly many more, loci. There was no evidence of maternal effects or heterosis. Although the BALB/cBy strain represented an extremely high scoring strain for the Lashley maze and a low scoring strain for the Y-maze, presence of albino recombinant inbred strains intermediate to extreme strains and nonsignificantly different from pigmented recombinant inbred strains suggested that the albino gene was not responsible for the observed performance differences.
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Hegmann JP, White JE. Nervous system function: maternal effects on conduction velocity in mice. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1973; 8:815-8. [PMID: 4717398 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(73)80124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hegmann JP. Physiological function and behavioral genetics. I. Genetic variance for peripheral conduction velocity in mice. Behav Genet 1972; 2:55-67. [PMID: 4664201 DOI: 10.1007/bf01066734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mental Retardation in Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7750(08)60027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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38
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Variation in activity scores and sequences in two inbred mouse strains, their hybrids, and backcrosses. Anim Behav 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-3472(69)90024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bovet-Nitti F. Facilitation of simultaneous visual discrimination by nicotine in four "inbred" strains of mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1969; 14:193-9. [PMID: 5351860 DOI: 10.1007/bf00404217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bovet D, Bovet-Nitti F, Oliverio A. Memory and consolidation mechanisms in avoidance learning of inbred mice. Brain Res 1968; 10:168-82. [PMID: 5693232 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(68)90120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Werboff J, Anderson A, Ross S. Mice of a four-way cross: coat color associated with behavior and response to D-amphetamine. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1967; 66:99-117. [PMID: 6033297 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1967.10544885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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