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Mavanji V, Pomonis BL, Shekels L, Kotz CM. Interactions between Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin and Dorsal Raphe Circuitry in Energy Balance. Brain Sci 2024; 14:464. [PMID: 38790443 PMCID: PMC11117928 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Orexin/hypocretin terminals innervate the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which projects to motor control areas important for spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and energy expenditure (EE). Orexin receptors are expressed in the DRN, and obesity-resistant (OR) rats show higher expression of these receptors in the DRN and elevated SPA/EE. We hypothesized that orexin-A in the DRN enhances SPA/EE and that DRN-GABA modulates the effect of orexin-A on SPA/EE. We manipulated orexin tone in the DRN either through direct injection of orexin-A or through the chemogenetic activation of lateral-hypothalamic (LH) orexin neurons. In the orexin neuron activation experiment, fifteen minutes prior to the chemogenetic activation of orexin neurons, the mice received either the GABA-agonist muscimol or antagonist bicuculline injected into the DRN, and SPA/EE was monitored for 24 h. In a separate experiment, orexin-A was injected into the DRN to study the direct effect of DRN orexin on SPA/EE. We found that the activation of orexin neurons elevates SPA/EE, and manipulation of GABA in the DRN does not alter the SPA response to orexin neuron activation. Similarly, intra-DRN orexin-A enhanced SPA and EE in the mice. These results suggest that orexin-A in the DRN facilitates negative energy balance by increasing physical activity-induced EE, and that modulation of DRN orexin-A is a potential strategy to promote SPA and EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Mavanji
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; (V.M.); (B.L.P.); (L.S.)
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brianna L. Pomonis
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; (V.M.); (B.L.P.); (L.S.)
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laurie Shekels
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; (V.M.); (B.L.P.); (L.S.)
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Catherine M. Kotz
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; (V.M.); (B.L.P.); (L.S.)
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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Berteotti C, Calvello C, Liguori C. Role of the orexin system in the bidirectional relation between sleep and epilepsy: New chances for patients with epilepsy by the antagonism to orexin receptors? Epilepsia 2023; 64:1991-2005. [PMID: 37212716 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, affecting patients of all ages, reducing the quality of life, and associated with several comorbidities. Sleep impairment is a frequent condition in patients with epilepsy (PWE), and the relation between sleep and epilepsy has been considered bidirectional, as one can significantly influence the other, and vice versa. The orexin system was described more than 20 years ago and is implicated in several neurobiological functions other than in controlling the sleep-wake cycle. Considering the relation between epilepsy and sleep, and the significant contribution of the orexin system in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, it is conceivable that the orexin system may be affected in PWE. Preclinical studies investigated the impact of the orexin system on epileptogenesis and the effect of orexin antagonism on seizures in animal models. Conversely, clinical studies are few and propose heterogeneous results also considering the different methodological approaches to orexin levels quantification (cerebrospinal-fluid or blood samples). Because orexin system activity can be modulated by sleep, and considering the sleep impairment documented in PWE, the recently approved dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) have been suggested for treating sleep impairment and insomnia in PWE. Accordingly, sleep improvement can be a therapeutic strategy for reducing seizures and better managing epilepsy. The present review analyzes the preclinical and clinical evidence linking the orexin system to epilepsy, and hypothesizes a model in which the antagonism to the orexin system by DORAs can improve epilepsy by both a direct and a sleep-mediated (indirect) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Berteotti
- Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Calvello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Epilepsy Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ten-Blanco M, Flores Á, Cristino L, Pereda-Pérez I, Berrendero F. Targeting the orexin/hypocretin system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: from animal to clinical studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101066. [PMID: 37015302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system and bind two different G protein-coupled receptors (OX1R and OX2R). Since its discovery in 1998, the orexin system has gained the interest of the scientific community as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different pathological conditions. Considering previous basic science research, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant, was the first orexin agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat insomnia. In this review, we discuss and update the main preclinical and human studies involving the orexin system with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This system constitutes a nice example of how basic scientific research driven by curiosity can be the best route to the generation of new and powerful pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ten-Blanco
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - África Flores
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Pereda-Pérez
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Berrendero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Oddes D, Ngwenya A, Malungo IB, Burkevica A, Hård T, Bertelsen MF, Spocter MA, Scantlebury DM, Manger PR. Orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of an Asiatic lion, an African lion, and a Southeast African cheetah. J Comp Neurol 2022; 531:366-389. [PMID: 36354959 PMCID: PMC10099269 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Employing orexin-A immunohistochemistry, we describe the distribution, morphology, and nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons within the hypothalami of an Asiatic lion (Panthera leo subsp. persica), an African lion (Panthera leo subsp. melanochaita), and a Southeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus subsp. jubatus). In all three felids, the clustering of large, bipolar, and multipolar hypothalamic orexinergic neurons primarily follows the pattern observed in other mammals. The orexinergic neurons were found, primarily, to form three distinct clusters-the main, zona incerta, and optic tract clusters. In addition, large orexinergic neurons were observed in the ventromedial supraoptic region of the hypothalamus, where they are not typically observed in other species. As has been observed in cetartiodactyls and the African elephant, a cluster of small, multipolar orexinergic neurons, the parvocellular cluster, was observed in the medial zone of the hypothalamus in all three felids, although this parvocellular cluster has not been reported in other carnivores. In both subspecies of lions, but not the cheetah, potential orexin-immunopositive neurons were observed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, the lateral part of the retrochiasmatic area, and the inner layer of the median eminence. The distribution and parcellation of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of the three felids studied appear to be more complex than observed in many other mammals and for the two subspecies of lion may be even more complex. These findings are discussed in terms of potential technical concerns, phylogenetic variations of this system, and potentially associated functional aspects of the orexinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Oddes
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Ayanda Ngwenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Illke B. Malungo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | | | - Mads. F. Bertelsen
- Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Muhammad A. Spocter
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Anatomy Des Moines University Des Moines Iowa USA
| | | | - Paul R. Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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Carrera-Cañas C, de Andrés I, Callejo M, Garzón M. Plasticity of the hypocretinergic/orexinergic system after a chronic treatment with suvorexant in rats. Role of the hypocretinergic/orexinergic receptor 1 as an autoreceptor. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013182. [PMID: 36277486 PMCID: PMC9581150 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic hypocretinergic/orexinergic (Hcrt/Ox) system is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Malfunction of Hcrt/Ox transmission results in narcolepsy, a sleep disease caused in humans by progressive neurodegeneration of hypothalamic neurons containing Hcrt/Ox. To explore the Hcrt/Ox system plasticity we systemically administered suvorexant (a dual Hcrt/Ox receptor antagonist) in rats to chronically block Hcrt/Ox transmission without damaging Hcrt/Ox cells. Three groups of eight rats (four males and four females) received daily i.p. injections of suvorexant (10 or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle (DMSO) over a period of 7 days in which the body weight was monitored. After the treatments cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Hcrt1/OxA concentration was measured by ELISA, and hypothalamic Hcrt/OxR1 and Hcrt/OxR2 levels by western blot. The systemic blockade of the Hcrt/Ox transmission with the suvorexant high dose produced a significant increase in body weight at the end of the treatment, and a significant decrease in CSF Hcrt1/OxA levels, both features typical in human narcolepsy type 1. Besides, a significant overexpression of hypothalamic Hcrt/OxR1 occurred. For the Hcrt/OxR2 two very close bands were detected, but they did not show significant changes with the treatment. Thus, the plastic changes observed in the Hcrt/Ox system after the chronic blockade of its transmission were a decrease in CSF Hcrt1/OXA levels and an overexpression of hypothalamic Hcrt/OxR1. These findings support an autoregulatory role of Hcrt/OxR1 within the hypothalamus, which would induce the synthesis/release of Hcrt/Ox, but also decrease its own availability at the plasma membrane after binding Hcrt1/OxA to preserve Hcrt/Ox system homeostasis.
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Kaplan GB, Lakis GA, Zhoba H. Sleep-Wake and Arousal Dysfunctions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:Role of Orexin Systems. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:106-122. [PMID: 35618150 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related condition that produces distressing fear memory intrusions, avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal/startle, stress responses and insomnia. This review focuses on the importance of the orexin neural system as a novel mechanism related to the pathophysiology of PTSD. Orexinergic neurons originate in the lateral hypothalamus and project widely to key neurotransmitter system neurons, autonomic neurons, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, and fear-related neural circuits. After trauma or stress, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) transmits sensory information to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and in turn to the hypothalamus and other subcortical and brainstem regions to promote fear and threat. Orexin receptors have a prominent role in this circuit as fear conditioned orexin receptor knockout mice show decreased fear expression while dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) inhibit fear acquisition and expression. Orexin activation of an infralimbic-amygdala circuit impedes fear extinction while DORA treatments enhance it. Increased orexin signaling to the amygdalocortical- hippocampal circuit promotes avoidance behaviors. Orexin has an important role in activating sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and the HPA axis stress responses. Blockade of orexin receptors reduces fear-conditioned startle responses. In PTSD models, individuals demonstrate sleep disturbances such as increased sleep latency and more transitions to wakefulness. Increased orexin activity impairs sleep by promoting wakefulness and reducing total sleep time while DORA treatments enhance sleep onset and maintenance. The orexinergic neural system provides important mechanisms for understanding multiple PTSD behaviors and provides new medication targets to treat this often persistent and debilitating illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Kaplan
- Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132 USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA.
| | - Gabrielle A Lakis
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132 USA; Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215 USA
| | - Hryhoriy Zhoba
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132 USA
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Elahdadi Salmani M, Sarfi M, Goudarzi I. Hippocampal orexin receptors: Localization and function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:393-421. [PMID: 35180935 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Orexin (hypocretin) is secreted from the perifornical/lateral hypothalamus and is well known for sleep regulation. Orexin has two, orexin A and B, transcripts and two receptors, type 1 and 2 (OX1R and OX2R), located in the plasma membrane of neurons in different brain areas, including the hippocampus involved in learning, memory, seizures, and epilepsy, as physiologic and pathologic phenomena. OX1R is expressed in the dentate gyrus and CA1 and the OX2R in the CA3 areas. Orexin enhances learning and memory as well as reward, stress, seizures, and epilepsy, partly through OX1Rs, while either aggravating or alleviating those phenomena via OX2Rs. OX1Rs activation induces long-term changes of synaptic responses in the hippocampus, an age and concentration-dependent manner. Briefly, we will review the localization and functions of hippocampal orexin receptors, their role in learning, memory, stress, reward, seizures, epilepsy, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iran Goudarzi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
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Orexin A peptidergic system: comparative sleep behavior, morphology and population in brains between wild type and Alzheimer’s disease mice. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1051-1065. [PMID: 35066609 PMCID: PMC8930968 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and orexin A is a pivotal neurotransmitter for bidirectionally regulating the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition of AD brain and poor sleep. In the present study, we examined the characteristic of sleep–wake architecture in APPswe/PSldE9 (APP/PS1) and Aβ-treated mice using electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) analysis. We compared the expression of orexin A, distribution, and morphology of the corresponding orexin A-positive neurons using innovative methods including three-dimensional reconstruction and brain tissue clearing between wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 mice. Results from our study demonstrated that increased wakefulness and reduced NREM sleep were seen in APP/PS1 and Aβ treated mice, while the expression of orexin A was significantly upregulated. Higher density and distribution of orexin A-positive neurons were seen in APP/PS1 mice, with a location of 1.06 mm–2.30 mm away from the anterior fontanelle compared to 1.34 mm–2.18 mm away from the anterior fontanelle in WT mice. These results suggested that the population and distribution of orexin A may play an important role in the progression of AD.
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Vaseghi S, Zarrabian S, Haghparast A. Reviewing the role of the orexinergic system and stressors in modulating mood and reward-related behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104516. [PMID: 34973302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review study, we aimed to introduce the orexinergic system as an important signaling pathway involved in a variety of cognitive functions such as memory, motivation, and reward-related behaviors. This study focused on the role of orexinergic system in modulating reward-related behavior, with or without the presence of stressors. Cross-talk between the reward system and orexinergic signaling was also investigated, especially orexinergic signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the hippocampus. Furthermore, we discussed the role of the orexinergic system in modulating mood states and mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we narrowed down our focus on the orexinergic signaling in three brain regions: the VTA, NAc, and the hippocampus (CA1 region and dentate gyrus) for their prominent role in reward-related behaviors and memory. It was concluded that the orexinergic system is critically involved in reward-related behavior and significantly alters stress responses and stress-related psychiatric and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahram Zarrabian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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Orexin-A Intensifies Mouse Pupillary Light Response by Modulating Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2566-2580. [PMID: 33536197 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0217-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We show for the first time that the neuropeptide orexin modulates pupillary light response, a non-image-forming visual function, in mice of either sex. Intravitreal injection of the orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist TCS1102 and orexin-A reduced and enhanced pupillary constriction in response to light, respectively. Orexin-A activated OX1Rs on M2-type intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (M2 cells), and caused membrane depolarization of these cells by modulating inward rectifier potassium channels and nonselective cation channels, thus resulting in an increase in intrinsic excitability. The increased intrinsic excitability could account for the orexin-A-evoked increase in spontaneous discharges and light-induced spiking rates of M2 cells, leading to an intensification of pupillary constriction. Orexin-A did not alter the light response of M1 cells, which could be because of no or weak expression of OX1Rs on them, as revealed by RNAscope in situ hybridization. In sum, orexin-A is likely to decrease the pupil size of mice by influencing M2 cells, thereby improving visual performance in awake mice via enhancing the focal depth of the eye's refractive system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study reveals the role of the neuropeptide orexin in mouse pupillary light response, a non-image-forming visual function. Intravitreal orexin-A administration intensifies light-induced pupillary constriction via increasing the excitability of M2 intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells by activating the orexin receptor subtype OX1R. Modulation of inward rectifier potassium channels and nonselective cation channels were both involved in the ionic mechanisms underlying such intensification. Orexin could improve visual performance in awake mice by reducing the pupil size and thereby enhancing the focal depth of the eye's refractive system.
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González-Hernández A, Condés-Lara M, García-Boll E, Villalón CM. An outlook on the trigeminovascular mechanisms of action and side effects concerns of some potential neuropeptidergic antimigraine therapies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:179-199. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1856366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Condés-Lara
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Enrique García-Boll
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos M. Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Ciudad de México, México
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Wang D, Guo Y, Li H, Li J, Ran M, Guo J, Yin L, Zhao S, Yang Q, Dong H. Selective optogenetic activation of orexinergic terminals in the basal forebrain and locus coeruleus promotes emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia in rats. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:279-292. [PMID: 33131759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide orexin promotes arousal from general anaesthesia, however the neuronal circuits that mediate this effect have not been defined. We investigated whether orexinergic neurones modulate the basal forebrain (BF) and locus coeruleus (LC) in emergence from anaesthesia. METHODS Hcrtcre rats were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach. Viruses encoding optogenetic probes were injected into the perifornical lateral hypothalamic (PeFLH) area, optogenetic fibres were embedded in the PeFLH, BF, or LC, and changes in anaesthesia state under 1.4 vol% or 0.8 vol% isoflurane were determined. RESULTS In the PeFLH, 98.8% (0.4%) of orexin-A-positive cells expressed tdTomato, and 91.9% (2.2%) of tdTomato cells were orexin-A-positive. Under 1.4 vol% isoflurane anaesthesia, compared with control groups, burst suppression ratio was less, and emergence time was shorter in groups with optogenetic activation of orexinergic cell bodies in the PeFLH (923 [162] vs 493 [68] s, P=0.0003) or orexinergic terminals in the BF (937 (122) vs 674 (108) s, P=0.0049) or LC (913 [128] vs 742 [76] s, P=0.022). Optical stimulation of orexinergic terminals in the BF and LC also improved the movement scores of rats under 0.8 vol% isoflurane anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS Activation of orexinergic terminals in the FB or LC mediates facilitation of emergence from anaesthesia by orexinergic neurones during isoflurane anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzi Ran
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Stanquini LA, Sartim AG, Joca SRL. Orexin A injection into the ventral medial prefrontal cortex induces antidepressant-like effects: Possible involvement of local Orexin-1 and Trk receptors. Behav Brain Res 2020; 395:112866. [PMID: 32827568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Reduced levels of orexin-A (OXA) in the central nervous system (CNS) have been associated with the pathophysiology of depression and its exogenous administration promotes antidepressant-like effect. The mechanisms associated with these effects are, however, not yet known. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that OXA effects could be associated with orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a brain region that is central to depression neurobiology. OBJECTIVES 1. To Investigate the effects induced by OXA administration into the vmPFC; 2. Evaluate the participation of OX1R and TrkB in behavioral responses induced by OXA. METHODS Male Wistar rats received intra-vmPFC injections of OXA (10, 50 and 100 pmol/0.2 μL) and were exposed to the forced swimming test (FST) or the open field test (OFT). Independent groups received an intra-vmPFC injection of SB334867 (OX1R antagonist, 10 nmol/0.2 μL) or K252a (non-selective Trk antagonist, 10 pmol/0.2 μL), before local injection of OXA, and were exposed to the same tests. RESULTS OXA injection (100 pmol/0.2 μL) into the vmPFC induced antidepressant-like effect, which was prevented by SB334867 and K252a pretreatments. CONCLUSION OXA signaling in the vmPFC induces antidepressant-like effect in the FST which is dependent on OX1R and Trk receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Stanquini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A G Sartim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - S R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Çikriklar HI, Kotan D, Yücel M, Ceylan M, Çiftçi GG, Bayraktutan ÖF, Çiftçi IH. The role of Orexin-A levels in epileptic seizure. Neurosci Lett 2020; 734:135097. [PMID: 32485288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine the usefulness of Orexin-A levels in differentiating between epileptic seizures and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in patients presenting to the emergency service with epileptic seizure-type symptoms. METHODS A total of 80 individuals were included in this study, including 59 who presented to the emergency service within the first four hours of having been diagnosed with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (39 with epileptic seizures (ES) and 20 with pseudoseizures (PNES) and 21 controls. Orexin-A levels were measured in venous blood samples. RESULTS The mean Orexin-A levels were 5.16 ng/mL in the control group, 7.17 ng/mL in the PNES group, and 11.08 ng/mL in the ES group (Table 1). The mean Orexin-A level of the ES group was significantly different from both the control group and the PNES group (Table 1, p < 0.001); the difference between the control group and the PNES group was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that blood Orexin-A may be an effective biomarker in the differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures/psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in patients presenting to the emergency service with an epileptic seizure-type clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilcan Kotan
- Altinsehir Mahallesi 326. Sokak No:7 Daire:20, NILÜFER, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murat Yücel
- Altinsehir Mahallesi 326. Sokak No:7 Daire:20, NILÜFER, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ceylan
- Altinsehir Mahallesi 326. Sokak No:7 Daire:20, NILÜFER, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gönül G Çiftçi
- Altinsehir Mahallesi 326. Sokak No:7 Daire:20, NILÜFER, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan H Çiftçi
- Altinsehir Mahallesi 326. Sokak No:7 Daire:20, NILÜFER, Bursa, Turkey
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Role of 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol and CB1 Receptors in Orexin-A-Mediated Prevention of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061507. [PMID: 32575773 PMCID: PMC7349736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin-A (OX-A) protects the brain against oxidative stress-mediated ischemic injury. Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons. OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251. OX-A stimulated 2-AG biosynthesis in cortical neurons. In neurons isolated from monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL, a 2-AG hydrolyzing enzyme) null mice, 10-fold higher 2-AG concentrations were found and OGD failed to induce ROS production and cell death, whereas AM251 restored these noxious effects. OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251. Administration of OX-A reduced infarct volume and elevated brain 2-AG levels in a mouse model of transient ischemia. These results suggest that 2-AG and CB1 receptor mediate OX-A prevention of ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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16
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Barnett S, Li A. Orexin in Respiratory and Autonomic Regulation, Health and Diseases. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:345-363. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Hu S, Niu J, Zhang R, Li X, Luo M, Sang T, Guo J, Liu J, Ding X, Li X, Ma Y, Gao R. Orexin A associates with inflammation by interacting with OX1R/OX2R receptor and activating prepro-Orexin in cancer tissues of gastric cancer patients. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2020; 43:240-247. [PMID: 31983458 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) has been become the second leading cause for cancer-associated death. This study aimed to investigate Orexin A levels and associated receptors in tumor tissues of GC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six consecutive gastric cancer patients (GC, n=46) and 13 chronic atrophic gastritis patients (CAG, n=13) were recruited. Meanwhile, 18 health individuals visiting Medical Examination Department were involved as control (N group, n=18). ELISA was used to examine Orexin A concentration. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to examine OX1R and OX2R. HE staining was applied to evaluate inflammation. qRT-PCR was employed to detect OX1R, OX2R, prepro-Orexin mRNAs. Serum Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was measured. RESULTS Orexin A expression in GC patients was significantly up-regulated compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). Orexin A expression was increased in CAG group compared to N group (p<0.05). Gastric cancer tissues exhibited significantly obvious inflammation compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). OX1R and OX2R expressions were significantly down-regulated in GC group compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). OX1R and OX2R were lower significantly in GC group compared to CAG group (p<0.05). Prepro-Orexin was significantly depleted in tumor tissues of GC group compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). Orexin A expression was un-associated with gender, age and differential grades (p>0.05). CAG and GC patients demonstrated higher H. pylori infection rates. CONCLUSION Orexin A was associated with inflammation by interacting with OX1R/OX2R receptor and activating prepro-Orexin in tumor tissues of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Hu
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Ximei Li
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruiping Gao
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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Tanaka S, Higuchi M, Seki S, Enomoto A, Kogo M. Orexins modulate membrane excitability in rat trigeminal motoneurons. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:265-270. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Masataka Higuchi
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Soju Seki
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Akifumi Enomoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
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19
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Azizi F, Fartootzadeh R, Alaei H, Reisi P. Electrophysiological study of the response of ventral tegmental area non-dopaminergic neurons to nicotine after concurrent blockade of orexin receptor-2 and cannabinoid receptors-1. Brain Res 2019; 1719:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Targeting the orexinergic system: Mainly but not only for sleep-wakefulness therapies. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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21
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Turner M. The Treatment of Narcolepsy With Amphetamine-Based Stimulant Medications: A Call for Better Understanding. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:803-805. [PMID: 31053220 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Wang L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Gong L. Effects of Sleep Deprivation (SD) on Rats via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2886-2895. [PMID: 31002658 PMCID: PMC6486800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) is common in humans, and sleep loss has a significant influence on health and produces related diseases. Orexin-A has been demonstrated to play a role in physiological processes, including feeding, sleep/wake cycle, and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SD on rats and to define the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods We constructed an SD rat model. The Morris water maze test was used to assess rat learning and memory. Imaging of hippocampus and hippocampal tissue in rats were captured by magnetic resonance imaging or electron microscopy. We used the CCK-8 kit to assess cell viability. The level of protein was measured using Western blot analysis, and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA level. Results SD rats had poorer learning and memory and had damage to the hippocampus. SD resulted in shrinkage of hippocampal volume and encephalocele size. SD increased the expression of Orexin-A, OX1R, OX2R, and PARP-1, and decreased the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Orexin-A (0–10 μM) improved neuron viability, whereas orexin-A (10–100 μM) attenuated neuron viability. SB334867 treatment reduced the viability of neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 treatment increased cell viability, especially in neurons treated with orexin-A. SB334867 treatment decreased the p-ERK1/2 levels in neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 increased the expression of p-ERK1/2 in neurons treated with orexin-A. Conclusions SD decreases learning and memory through damage to the hippocampus. Higher concentrations of orexin-A had a major negative effect on hippocampal neurons via OX1R and PARP-1 through inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Youyi Gu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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23
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Orexin-A Stimulates Insulin Secretion Through the Activation of the OX1 Receptor and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Rat Insulinoma Cells. Pancreas 2019; 48:568-573. [PMID: 30946236 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in orexin-A/OX1 receptor-induced insulin secretion in rat insulinoma INS-1 cells. METHODS Rat insulinoma INS-1 cells were grown and treated with various concentrations of orexin-A, with or without OX1 receptor-selective antagonist SB674042 or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR antagonist PF-04691502. Insulin release experiments, Western blot analysis, and statistical analysis were conducted using INS-1 cells. RESULTS Our results showed that treating cells with orexin-A increased the expression of the OX1 receptor and the phosphorylation of mTOR in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in insulin secretion was also observed for cells treated with orexin-A. We further demonstrated that the increase in insulin secretion was dependent on the activation of the OX1 receptor and mTOR signaling pathway by using the OX1 receptor-selective antagonist SB674042 or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR antagonist PF-04691502, which abolished the effects of orexin-A treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results concluded that orexin-A/OX1 receptor stimulates insulin secretion by activating AKT and its downstream target, mTOR. Therefore, orexins may regulate the energy balance for cell survival with the involvement of mTOR in this process.
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Wang P, Wang M, Zhang L, Zhong S, Jiang W, Wang Z, Sun C, Zhang S, Liu Z. Functional characterization of an orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus reveals an ancient origin of orexin/orexin receptor system in chordate. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1655-1669. [PMID: 30945108 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphioxus belongs to the subphylum cephalochordata, an extant representative of the most basal chordates, whose regulation of endocrine system remains ambiguous. Here we clearly demonstrated the existence of a functional orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus, which is able to interact with orexin receptor, activate both PKC and PKA pathways, decrease leptin expression, and stimulate lipogenesis. We also showed the transcription level of amphioxus orexin was affected by fasting or temperature, indicating a role of this gene in the regulation of energy balance. In addition, the expression of the amphioxus orexin was detected at cerebral vesicle, which has been proposed to be a homolog of the vertebrate brain. These data collectively suggest that a functional orexin neuropeptide has already emerged in amphioxus, which provide insights into the evolutionary origin of orexin in chordate and the functional homology between the cerebral vesicle and vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shenjie Zhong
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wanyue Jiang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Yang YL, Ran XR, Li Y, Zhou L, Zheng LF, Han Y, Cai QQ, Wang ZY, Zhu JX. Expression of Dopamine Receptors in the Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus and Their Potential Regulation of Gastric Motility in Rats With Lesions of Bilateral Substantia Nigra. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:195. [PMID: 30923496 PMCID: PMC6426751 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction especially the gastroparesis, but its underlying mechanism is not clear. We have previously demonstrated that the neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) project to the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH) and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) receives the neural projection from LH by the means of anterograde and retrograde neural tracing technology. Orexin A (OXA) is predominately expressed in the LH. It has been reported that OXA can alter the gastric motility through the orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) in DMV. We speculated that this SN-LH-DMV pathway could modulate the motility of stomach because of the important role of LH and DMV in the regulation of gastric motility. However, the distribution and expression of dopamine receptors (DR) in the LH is unknown. In the present study, using a double-labeling immunofluorescence technique combined with confocal microscopy, we significantly extend our understanding of the SN-LH-DMV pathway by showing that (1) a considerable quantity of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 (D1 and D2) was expressed in the LH as well as the OX1R was expressed in the DMV; (2) Nearly all of the D1-immuoreactve (IR) neurons were also OXA-positive while only a few neurons express both D2 and OXA in the LH, and the DR-positive neurons were surrounded by the dopaminergic neural fibers; In the DMV, OX1R were colocalized with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-labeled motor neurons; (3) When the gastroparesis was induced by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, the decreased expression of D1 and OXA was observed in the LH as well as the reduced OX1R and ChAT expression in the DMV. These findings suggest that SN might regulate the function of OXA-positive neurons via D1 receptor, which then affect the motor neurons in the DMV through OX1R. If the SN is damaged the vagal pathway would be affected, which may lead to gastric dysfunction. The present study raises the possibility that the SN-LH-DMV pathway can regulate the movement of stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue-Rui Ran
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li-Fei Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Alijanpour S, Khakpai F, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. Co-administration of the low dose of orexin and nitrergic antagonists induces an antidepressant-like effect in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:589-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Orexin-1 receptor is involved in ageing-related delayed emergence from general anaesthesia in rats. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:1097-1104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Haghparast A, Shafiei I, Alizadeh AM, Ezzatpanah S, Haghparast A. Blockade of the orexin receptors in the CA1 region of hippocampus decreased the lateral hypothalamic-induced antinociceptive responses in the model of orofacial formalin test in the rats. Peptides 2018; 99:217-222. [PMID: 29042271 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of hippocampus and lateral hypothalamus (LH) in modulation of formalin-induced nociception has been established. The present study aims to examine the role of orexin receptors in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of hippocampus in modulation of the LH-induced antinociception in the orofacial formalin test. Male Wistar rats were unilaterally implanted with two cannulae into the LH and CA1. Intra-LH microinjection of carbachol was done 5min after intra-CA1 administration of SB-334867 (OX1R antagonist) or TCS OX2 29 (OX2R antagonist). After 5min, 50μl of 1% formalin was subcutaneously injected into the upper lip for inducing the nociceptive behaviors. Solely intra-LH administration of carbachol reduced early and late phases of formalin-induced orofacial nociception in a dose-dependent manner. The antinociception evoked by intra-LH injection of carbachol (0.5μl of 250nM carbachol) was antagonized by intra-CA1 administration of 0.5μl of 3, 10 and 30nM solutions of SB-334867 or TCS OX2 29 during the early and late phases of orofacial formalin test. This effect was more remarkable during the late phase in comparison to the early phase. In addition, anti-analgesic effect of SB-334867 was more than TCS OX2 29 during the early and late phases. The results suggest the interpretation that a neural pathway from the LH to the CA1 probably contributes to the modulation of formalin-induced orofacial nociception through recruitment of both CA1 orexin receptors. Clinical studies are recommended to study the probable effectiveness of orexinergic system in modulation of the orofacial nociceptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Haghparast
- School of Dentistry, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Shafiei
- Prosthetic Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Neurophysiology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Somayeh Ezzatpanah
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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Nguyen PH, Greene E, Kong BW, Bottje W, Anthony N, Dridi S. Acute Heat Stress Alters the Expression of Orexin System in Quail Muscle. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1079. [PMID: 29311994 PMCID: PMC5742252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexins or hypocretins are involved in stress-induced responses in mammals. Recently, we found that orexin is expressed and secreted from avian muscle cells, however its regulation is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of heat and oxidative stress, the most challenging stressors in poultry production, on the expression of orexin system in quail muscle tissues and myoblast cell lines. Four week-old genetically selected susceptible and resistant Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) lines were exposed to acute heat stress (HS, 37°C for 1.5 h) or maintained at thermoneutral conditions (24°C). Quail myoblast (QM7) cell line was exposed to heat stress (45°C) for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h. The control cells were maintained at 37°C. The cells were also treated with several doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 10-200 μM) or 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, 10-30 μM) as oxidative stress. Untreated cells were used as controls. Acute HS significantly induced the expression of HSP70 and down-regulated orexin system in both quail muscle tissue and QM7 cells. Similarly, H2O2 but not 4-HNE treatment significantly increased HSP70 protein levels and dysregulated the expression of orexin and its related receptors in a dose-dependent manner in QM7 cells. Transient overexpression of HSP70 down-regulated the expression of orexin system in QM7 cells. Taken together, these data indicate that orexin may be a key player in stress response in avian muscle by demonstrating that heat and oxidative stress alter the expression of orexin system in quail muscle. This effect might be mediated through HSP70. Unraveling the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of orexin in avian muscle merits further in depth investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Elisabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Byung-Whi Kong
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Walter Bottje
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Nicholas Anthony
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Öz P, Gökalp HK, Göver T, Uzbay T. Dose-dependent and opposite effects of orexin A on prepulse inhibition response in sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 346:73-79. [PMID: 29237551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Orexin is a novel neurotransmitter released from lateral hypothalamus, that is a crucial modulator in sleep/wakefulness system. Recent studies also suggest its possible role in the neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Our study consists of two experiments, where we investigate the effect of orexin A (OXA), one of two isoforms of orexin that can pass blood brain barrier, on the prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex. The first experiment tested the effect of OXA on PPI response of non-sleep-deprived rats via intraperitoneal injection 30min before testing. Our results show that 40μg/kg OXA attenuates PPI% at 78dB and 86dB prepulse intensities. The second experiment utilized 72-h REM sleep deprivation, as a model for sleep-deprivation-induced impairment of PPI response. Here, we tested the effect of OXA on PPI% of sleep-deprived rats via intraperitoneal injection at the last 30min of sleep deprivation, testing for PPI immediately afterwards. Our results showed that (1) sleep deprivation attenuates the PPI% at 74dB, 78dB and 86dB prepulse intensities and (2) 10μg/kg OXA completely restores the impaired PPI% at 78dB only, where the highest PPI% impairment was observed. These results suggest that orexin A modulates PPI response in rats in a dose-dependent manner, oppositely for non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived rats, and a more detailed investigation for the etiology of this effect should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Öz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Kübra Gökalp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Göver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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31
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Farahimanesh S, Zarrabian S, Haghparast A. Role of orexin receptors in the ventral tegmental area on acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in the rats. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:45-51. [PMID: 28890208 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides and their role in reward processing and drug addiction has been demonstrated. The extent of involvement of each orexin receptor in the acquisition and expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) for morphine is still a matter of controversy. We investigated the functional differences between orexin-1 and -2 receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on the acquisition and expression of morphine CPP. A total of 86 adult male Wistar rats weighing 250±30g (age 7-8weeks) received intra-VTA microinjection of either SB334867 (0.1, 1 and 10nM), a selective orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, or TCS-OX2-29 (1, 5 and 25nM), a selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) antagonist. To measure the acquisition, the animals received each antagonist (SB334867 or TCS-OX2-29) 5min prior to subcutaneous injection of morphine (5mg/kg) during the conditioning phase. To measure the CPP expression, the animals received each antagonist on the post-conditioning phase. The CPP conditioning score was recorded by Ethovision software. Data showed that intra-VTA microinjection of OX1-R antagonist significantly attenuated morphine CPP acquisition, during the conditioning phase, and expression, during the post-conditioning phase. Intra-VTA microinjection of OX2-R antagonist also significantly attenuated morphine CPP acquisition and expression in the mentioned phases. Our results showed the orexin role in learning and memory and indicate that orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) function in the VTA is essential for both acquisition and expression of morphine reward in rats in the CPP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Farahimanesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Zarrabian
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Messina G, Di Bernardo G, Viggiano A, De Luca V, Monda V, Messina A, Chieffi S, Galderisi U, Monda M. Exercise increases the level of plasma orexin A in humans. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:611-616. [PMID: 27665420 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to study the effects of exercise on the concentration of plasma orexin A, a peptide regulating several physiological functions. METHODS Blood samples were collected from participants (men, n=10; age: 24.4±2.93 years) 15, 0 min before the start of exercise, and 30, 45, 60 min after a cycle ergometer exercise at 75 W for 15 min. Also heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR), and rectal temperature were monitored. RESULTS The exercise induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in plasmatic orexin A with a peak at 30 min after the exercise bout, in association with an increase of the other three monitored variables: HR (p<0.01), GSR (p<0.05), and rectal temperature (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that plasmatic orexin A is involved in the reaction to physical activity.
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Orexin Directly Enhances the Excitability of Globus Pallidus Internus Neurons in Rat by Co-activating OX1 and OX2 Receptors. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:365-372. [PMID: 28389870 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin, released from the hypothalamus, has been implicated in various basic non-somatic functions including feeding, the sleep-wakefulness cycle, emotion, and cognition. However, the role of orexin in somatic motor control is still little known. Here, using whole-cell patch clamp recording and immunostaining, we investigated the effect and the underlying receptor mechanism of orexin-A on neurons in the globus pallidus internus (GPi), a critical structure in the basal ganglia and an effective target for deep brain stimulation therapy. Our results showed that orexin-A induced direct postsynaptic excitation of GPi neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The orexin-A-induced excitation was mediated via co-activation of both OX1 and OX2 receptors. Furthermore, the immunostaining results showed that OX1 and OX2 receptors were co-localized in the same GPi neurons. These results suggest that the central orexinergic system actively modulates the motor functions of the basal ganglia via direct innervation on GPi neurons and presumably participates in somatic-non-somatic integration.
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Liguori G, Squillacioti C, Assisi L, Mirabella N, Langella E, Costagliola A, Vittoria A. Localization of orexin B and receptor 2 for orexins in testicular cytotypes of the camelid alpaca (Vicugna pacos
). Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:452-458. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - C Squillacioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - L Assisi
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - N Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - E Langella
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - A Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - A Vittoria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
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Davimes JG, Alagaili AN, Bennett NC, Mohammed OB, Bhagwandin A, Manger PR, Gravett N. Neurochemical organization and morphology of the sleep related nuclei in the brain of the Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 81:53-70. [PMID: 28163217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx, is a member of the superorder Cetartiodactyla and is native to the Arabian Desert. The desert environment can be considered extreme in which to sleep, as the ranges of temperatures experienced are beyond what most mammals encounter. The current study describes the nuclear organization and neuronal morphology of the systems that have been implicated in sleep control in other mammals for the Arabian oryx. The nuclei delineated include those revealed immunohistochemically as belonging to the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic and orexinergic systems within the basal forebrain, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons. In addition, we examined the GABAergic neurons and their terminal networks surrounding or within these nuclei. The majority of the neuronal systems examined followed the typical mammalian organizational plan, but some differences were observed: (1) the neuronal morphology of the cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nuclei, as well as the parvocellular subdivision of the orexinergic main cluster, exhibited Cetartiodactyl-specific features; (2) the dorsal division of the catecholaminergic anterior hypothalamic group (A15d), which has not been reported in any member of the Artiodactyla studied to date, was present in the brain of the Arabian oryx; and (3) the catecholaminergic tuberal cell group (A12) was notably more expansive than previously seen in any other mammal. The A12 nucleus has been associated functionally to osmoregulation in other mammals, and thus its expansion could potentially be a species specific feature of the Arabian oryx given their native desert environment and the need for extreme water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Davimes
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abdulaziz N Alagaili
- KSU Mammals Research Chair, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- SARChI Chair for Mammalian Behavioural Ecology and Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Osama B Mohammed
- KSU Mammals Research Chair, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adhil Bhagwandin
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nadine Gravett
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Role of orexin-2 and CB1 receptors within the periaqueductal gray matter in lateral hypothalamic-induced antinociception in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:83-89. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liguori G, Pavone LM, Assisi L, Langella E, Tafuri S, Mirabella N, Costagliola A, Vittoria A. Expression of orexin B and its receptor 2 in rat testis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 242:66-73. [PMID: 26631456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The peptides orexin A (OxA) and orexin B (OxB) deriving from a common precursor molecule, prepro-orexin, by proteolytic cleavage, bind the two G-coupled OX1 and OX2 receptors. While OX1 selectively binds OxA, OX2 shows similar affinity for both orexins. Firstly discovered in the hypothalamus, orexins and their receptors have been found in other brain regions as well as in peripheral tissues of mammals, thus resulting involved in the regulation of a broad variety of physiological functions. While the functional localization of OxA and OX1 in the mammalian genital tract has been already described, the expression of OxB and OX2 and their potential role in the reproductive functions remain to be explored. Here, we investigated the presence of OxB and OX2 in the rat testis by immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. The results definitely demonstrated the localization of OxB and OX2 in pachytene and second spermatocytes as well as in spermatids at all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The expression of both OX2 mRNA and protein in the rat testis was also established by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The analysis of the molecular mechanism of action of OxB in the rat testis showed that OxB, in contrast with OxA, is unable to promote steroidogenesis. These results translate into the regulation of diverse biological actions by OxA and OxB in the male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Assisi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 6, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Langella
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Vittoria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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Katahira H, Sunagawa M, Watanabe D, Kanada Y, Katayama A, Yamauchi R, Takashima M, Ishikawa S, Hisamitsu T. Antistress effects of Kampo medicine "Yokukansan" via regulation of orexin secretion. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:863-872. [PMID: 28360524 PMCID: PMC5365329 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s129418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various stressors induce stress responses through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes, which are regulated, in part, by orexin. For example, secretion of orexin in the hypothalamus is increased in rats exposed to the stress of social isolation for 1 week. In this study, the antistress effects of Kampo medicine Yokukansan (YKS) via the regulation of orexin secretion were investigated using a rat model. METHODS AND RESULTS The administration of 300 mg/kg per day of YKS to rats for 1 week significantly decreased the plasma orexin levels compared with non-treated rats, whereas the administration of 1,000 mg/kg of YKS had no effect on orexin levels. Therefore, 300 mg/kg of YKS was an effective dose for controlling orexin secretion. Subsequently, rats were divided into group-housed control (Con), individually housed stress (Stress), and individually housed YKS (300 mg/kg)-treated stress (Stress + YKS) groups. After 1 week, a resident-intruder aggression test was performed, and the plasma levels of orexin and corticosterone were measured. In the Stress group, aggressive behavior and the levels of corticosterone and orexin significantly increased compared with the Con group; however, these effects were inhibited in the Stress + YKS group. Further, an orexin receptor antagonist (TCS 1102; 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats exposed to isolation stress to determine whether orexin was involved in stress responses. Under these conditions, aggressive behavior and the level of corticosterone significantly decreased compared with the Stress group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that orexin is involved in the control of stress response and that YKS exerts an antistress effect via the regulation of orexin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daishi Watanabe
- Department of Physiology; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University
| | - Yasuaki Kanada
- Department of Physiology; Department of Surgery, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo
| | | | | | - Masashi Takashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kim TK, Han PL. Functional Connectivity of Basolateral Amygdala Neurons Carrying Orexin Receptors and Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptors in Regulating Sociability and Mood-related Behaviors. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:307-317. [PMID: 28035181 PMCID: PMC5195816 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.6.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces changes in neuronal functions in specific brain regions regulating sociability and mood-related behaviors. Recently we reported that stress-induced persistent upregulation of the neuropeptides orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the resulting activation of orexin receptors or MCH receptors within the BLA produced deficits in sociability and mood-related behaviors. In the present study, we investigated the neural targets that were innervated by BLA neurons containing orexin receptors or MCH receptors. The viral vector system AAV2-CaMKII-ChR2-eYFP was injected into the BLA to trace the axonal tracts of BLA neurons. This axon labeling analysis led us to identify the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, habenula, CA3 pyramidal neurons, central amygdala, and ventral hippocampus as the neuroanatomical sites receiving synaptic inputs of BLA neurons. Focusing on these regions, we then carried out stimulus-dependent c-Fos induction analysis after activating orexin receptors or MCH receptors of BLA neurons. Stereotaxic injection of an orexin receptor agonist or an MCH receptor agonist in the BLA induced c-Fos expression in the NAc, PVN, central amygdala, ventral hippocampus, lateral habenula and lateral hypothalamus, which are all potentially important for depression-related behaviors. Among these neural correlates, the NAc, PVN and central amygdala were strongly activated by stimulation of orexin receptors or MCH receptors in the BLA, whereas other BLA targets were differentially and weakly activated. These results identify a functional connectivity of BLA neurons regulated by orexin and MCH receptor systems in sociability and mood-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Zhang LN, Yang C, Ouyang PR, Zhang ZC, Ran MZ, Tong L, Dong HL, Liu Y. Orexin-A facilitates emergence of the rat from isoflurane anesthesia via mediation of the basal forebrain. Neuropeptides 2016; 58:7-14. [PMID: 26919917 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that orexinergic neurons involve in promoting emergence from anesthesia of propofol, an intravenous anesthetics, while whether both of orexin-A and orexin-B have promotive action on emergence via mediation of basal forebrain (BF) in isoflurane anesthesia has not been elucidated. In this study, we observed c-Fos expressions in orexinergic neurons following isoflurane inhalation (for 0, 30, 60, and 120min) and at the time when the righting reflex returned after the cessation of anesthesia. The plasma concentrations of orexin-A and -B in anesthesia-arousal process were measured by radioimmunoassay. Orexin-A and -B (30 or 100pmol) or the orexin receptor-1 and -2 antagonist SB-334867A and TCS-OX2-29 (5 or 20μg) were microinjected into the basal forebrain respectively. The effects of them on the induction (loss of the righting reflex) and the emergence time (return of the righting reflex) under isoflurane anesthesia were observed. The results showed that the numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive orexinergic neurons in the hypothalamus decreased over time with continued isoflurane inhalation, but restored at emergence. Similar alterations were observed in changes of plasma orexin-A concentrations but not in orexin-B during emergence. Administration of orexins had no effect on the induction time, but orexin-A facilitated the emergence of rats from isoflurane anesthesia while orexin-B didn't. Conversely, microinjection of the orexin receptor-1 antagonist SB-334867A delayed emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. The results indicate that orexin-A plays a promotive role in the emergence of isoflurane anesthesia and this effect is mediated by the basal forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Education Ministry, Xian Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Cen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Peng-Rong Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Education Ministry, Xian Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ming-Zi Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Hai-Long Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Education Ministry, Xian Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.
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Morina IY, Aristakesyan EA, Kuzik VV, Oganesyan GA, Alekseeva OS. On the influence of prenatal hypoxia on formation of the orexinergic system and sleep–wake cycle in early ontogenesis of rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093016030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schürks M, Kurth T, Geissler I, Tessmann G, Diener HC, Rosskopf D. The G1246A Polymorphism in the Hypocretin Receptor 2 Gene is not Associated with Treatment Response in Cluster Headache. Cephalalgia 2016; 27:363-7. [PMID: 17376114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cluster headache (CH) is associated with the G-allele of the G1246A polymorphism in the hypocretin receptor 2 ( HCRTR2) gene. First-line medication is effective in only about 70-80% of CH patients. We hypothesized that the HCRTR2 G1246A polymorphism is also of pharmacogenetic relevance in CH and may affect treatment response. We performed a prospective cohort study among 184 unrelated White CH patients. While the HCRTR2 1246G allele was significantly associated with CH in this group, treatment outcomes with triptans, oxygen, verapamil and corticosteroids remained unaffected. Our results do not support a role of the HCRTR2 G1246A polymorphism in drug responses in CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schürks
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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D'Angelo L, Castaldo L, de Girolamo P, Lucini C, Paolucci M, Pelagalli A, Varricchio E, Arcamone N. Orexins and receptor OX2R in the gastroenteric apparatus of two teleostean species:Dicentrarchus labraxandCarassius auratus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1121-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
| | - Luciana Castaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
| | - Carla Lucini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages; National Research Council; Naples Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
| | - Nadia Arcamone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
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Ezzatpanah S, Babapour V, Haghparast A. Differential contribution of orexin receptors within the ventral tegmental area to modulation of persistent inflammatory pain. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1090-101. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ezzatpanah
- Department of Basic Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tehran; Iran
| | - V. Babapour
- Department of Basic Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tehran; Iran
| | - A. Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Roundtree HM, Simeone TA, Johnson C, Matthews SA, Samson KK, Simeone KA. Orexin Receptor Antagonism Improves Sleep and Reduces Seizures in Kcna1-null Mice. Sleep 2016. [PMID: 26446112 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5444.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Comorbid sleep disorders occur in approximately one-third of people with epilepsy. Seizures and sleep disorders have an interdependent relationship where the occurrence of one can exacerbate the other. Orexin, a wake-promoting neuropeptide, is associated with sleep disorder symptoms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that orexin dysregulation plays a role in the comorbid sleep disorder symptoms in the Kcna1-null mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS Rest-activity was assessed using infrared beam actigraphy. Sleep architecture and seizures were assessed using continuous video-electroencephalography-electromyography recordings in Kcna1-null mice treated with vehicle or the dual orexin receptor antagonist, almorexant (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Orexin levels in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical region (LH/P) and hypothalamic pathology were assessed with immunohistochemistry and oxygen polarography. RESULTS Kcna1-null mice have increased latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep onset, sleep fragmentation, and number of wake epochs. The numbers of REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep epochs are significantly reduced in Kcna1-null mice. Severe seizures propagate to the wake-promoting LH/P where injury is apparent (indicated by astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, and impaired mitochondrial function). The number of orexin-positive neurons is increased in the LH/P compared to wild-type LH/P. Treatment with a dual orexin receptor antagonist significantly increases the number and duration of NREM sleep epochs and reduces the latency to REM sleep onset. Further, almorexant treatment reduces the incidence of severe seizures and overall seizure burden. Interestingly, we report a significant positive correlation between latency to REM onset and seizure burden in Kcna1-null mice. CONCLUSION Dual orexin receptor antagonists may be an effective sleeping aid in epilepsy, and warrants further study on their somnogenic and ant-seizure effects in other epilepsy models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy A Simeone
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Chaz Johnson
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Kaeli K Samson
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
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Roundtree HM, Simeone TA, Johnson C, Matthews SA, Samson KK, Simeone KA. Orexin Receptor Antagonism Improves Sleep and Reduces Seizures in Kcna1-null Mice. Sleep 2016; 39:357-68. [PMID: 26446112 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Comorbid sleep disorders occur in approximately one-third of people with epilepsy. Seizures and sleep disorders have an interdependent relationship where the occurrence of one can exacerbate the other. Orexin, a wake-promoting neuropeptide, is associated with sleep disorder symptoms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that orexin dysregulation plays a role in the comorbid sleep disorder symptoms in the Kcna1-null mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS Rest-activity was assessed using infrared beam actigraphy. Sleep architecture and seizures were assessed using continuous video-electroencephalography-electromyography recordings in Kcna1-null mice treated with vehicle or the dual orexin receptor antagonist, almorexant (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Orexin levels in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical region (LH/P) and hypothalamic pathology were assessed with immunohistochemistry and oxygen polarography. RESULTS Kcna1-null mice have increased latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep onset, sleep fragmentation, and number of wake epochs. The numbers of REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep epochs are significantly reduced in Kcna1-null mice. Severe seizures propagate to the wake-promoting LH/P where injury is apparent (indicated by astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, and impaired mitochondrial function). The number of orexin-positive neurons is increased in the LH/P compared to wild-type LH/P. Treatment with a dual orexin receptor antagonist significantly increases the number and duration of NREM sleep epochs and reduces the latency to REM sleep onset. Further, almorexant treatment reduces the incidence of severe seizures and overall seizure burden. Interestingly, we report a significant positive correlation between latency to REM onset and seizure burden in Kcna1-null mice. CONCLUSION Dual orexin receptor antagonists may be an effective sleeping aid in epilepsy, and warrants further study on their somnogenic and ant-seizure effects in other epilepsy models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy A Simeone
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Chaz Johnson
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Kaeli K Samson
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Pharmacology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
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Chang X, Zhao Y, Ju S, Guo L. Orexin-A regulates cell apoptosis in human H295R adrenocortical cells via orexin receptor type 1 through the AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7582-8. [PMID: 26459696 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of orexin-A to regulate adrenocortical cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In the present study, human H295R adrenocortical cells were exposed to orexin‑A (10‑10-10‑6 M), with orexin receptor type 1 (OX1 receptor) antagonist SB334867 or AKT antagonist PF‑04691502. It was found that orexin‑A stimulated H295R cell proliferation, reduced the pro‑apoptotic activity of caspase‑3 to protect against apoptotic cell death and increased cortisol secretion. Furthermore, phospho‑AKT protein was increased by orexin‑A. SB334867 (10‑6 M) and PF‑04691502 (10‑6 M) abolished the effects of orexin‑A (10‑6 M). These results suggested that the orexin‑A/OX1 receptor axis has a significant pro-survival function in adrenal cells, which is mediated by AKT activation. Further studies investigating the effects of orexin-A-upregulation may further elucidate the diverse biological effects of orexin-A in adrenal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Ju
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Li AJ, Wang Q, Elsarelli MM, Brown RL, Ritter S. Hindbrain Catecholamine Neurons Activate Orexin Neurons During Systemic Glucoprivation in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2807-20. [PMID: 25978516 PMCID: PMC5393341 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons are required for elicitation of feeding responses to glucose deficit, but the forebrain circuitry required for these responses is incompletely understood. Here we examined interactions of catecholamine and orexin neurons in eliciting glucoprivic feeding. Orexin neurons, located in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PeFLH), are heavily innervated by hindbrain catecholamine neurons, stimulate food intake, and increase arousal and behavioral activation. Orexin neurons may therefore contribute importantly to appetitive responses, such as food seeking, during glucoprivation. Retrograde tracing results showed that nearly all innervation of the PeFLH from the hindbrain originated from catecholamine neurons and some raphe nuclei. Results also suggested that many catecholamine neurons project collaterally to the PeFLH and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Systemic administration of the antiglycolytic agent, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, increased food intake and c-Fos expression in orexin neurons. Both responses were eliminated by a lesion of catecholamine neurons innervating orexin neurons using the retrogradely transported immunotoxin, anti-dopamine-β-hydroxylase saporin, which is specifically internalized by dopamine-β-hydroxylase-expressing catecholamine neurons. Using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs in transgenic rats expressing Cre recombinase under the control of tyrosine hydroxylase promoter, catecholamine neurons in cell groups A1 and C1 of the ventrolateral medulla were activated selectively by peripheral injection of clozapine-N-oxide. Clozapine-N-oxide injection increased food intake and c-Fos expression in PeFLH orexin neurons as well as in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus neurons. In summary, catecholamine neurons are required for the activation of orexin neurons during glucoprivation. Activation of orexin neurons may contribute to appetitive responses required for glucoprivic feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Li
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7620
| | - Qing Wang
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7620
| | - Megan M Elsarelli
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7620
| | - R Lane Brown
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7620
| | - Sue Ritter
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7620
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Kim TK, Kim JE, Park JY, Lee JE, Choi J, Kim H, Lee EH, Kim SW, Lee JK, Kang HS, Han PL. Antidepressant effects of exercise are produced via suppression of hypocretin/orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone in the basolateral amygdala. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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50
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ZHONG YINGJUN, FENG ZHEN, WANG LIANG, WEI TIANQI. Wake-promoting actions of median nerve stimulation in TBI-induced coma: An investigation of orexin-A and orexin receptor 1 in the hypothalamic region. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4441-4447. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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