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Jiang T, Tang XY, Su H, Chen JY, Qin YQ, Qin YC, Ouyang NJ, Tang GH. Neutrophils are involved in early bone formation during midpalatal expansion. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38135895 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Midpalatal expansion (MPE) is routinely employed to treat transverse maxillary arch deficiency. Neutrophils are indispensable for recruiting bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) at the initial stage of bone regeneration. This study aimed to explore whether neutrophils participate in MPE and how they function during bone formation under mechanical stretching. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence and phenotype of neutrophils in the midpalatal suture during expansion were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The possible mechanism of neutrophil recruitment and polarization was explored in vitro by exposing vascular endothelial cells (VECs) to cyclic tensile strain. RESULTS The number of neutrophils in the distracted suture peaked on Day 3, and N2-type neutrophils significantly increased on Day 5 after force application. The depletion of circulatory neutrophils reduced bone volume by 43.6% after 7-day expansion. The stretched VECs recruited neutrophils via a CXCR2 mechanism in vitro, which then promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation through the VEGFA/VEGFR2 axis. Consistently, these neutrophils showed higher expression of canonical N2 phenotype genes, including CD206 and Arg1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that neutrophils participated in early bone formation during MPE. Based on these findings, we propose that stretched VECs recruited and polarized neutrophils, which, in turn, induced BMSC osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Su
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qi Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Juan Ouyang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hua Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Tamargo IA, Baek KI, Kim Y, Park C, Jo H. Flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:738-753. [PMID: 37225873 PMCID: PMC10206587 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success of treatments with cholesterol-lowering drugs and drug-eluting stents, raising the need to identify additional therapeutic targets. Interestingly, atherosclerosis preferentially develops in curved and branching arterial regions, where endothelial cells are exposed to disturbed blood flow with characteristic low-magnitude oscillatory shear stress. By contrast, straight arterial regions exposed to stable flow, which is associated with high-magnitude, unidirectional shear stress, are relatively well protected from the disease through shear-dependent, atheroprotective endothelial cell responses. Flow potently regulates structural, functional, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolic changes in endothelial cells through mechanosensors and mechanosignal transduction pathways. A study using single-cell RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility analysis in a mouse model of flow-induced atherosclerosis demonstrated that disturbed flow reprogrammes arterial endothelial cells in situ from healthy phenotypes to diseased ones characterized by endothelial inflammation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition and metabolic changes. In this Review, we discuss this emerging concept of disturbed-flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells (FIRE) as a potential pro-atherogenic mechanism. Defining the flow-induced mechanisms through which endothelial cells are reprogrammed to promote atherosclerosis is a crucial area of research that could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets to combat the high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Espina JA, Cordeiro MH, Milivojevic M, Pajić-Lijaković I, Barriga EH. Response of cells and tissues to shear stress. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260985. [PMID: 37747423 PMCID: PMC10560560 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is essential for normal physiology and malignancy. Common physiological processes - such as blood flow, particle flow in the gut, or contact between migratory cell clusters and their substrate - produce shear stress that can have an impact on the behavior of different tissues. In addition, shear stress has roles in processes of biomedical interest, such as wound healing, cancer and fibrosis induced by soft implants. Thus, understanding how cells react and adapt to shear stress is important. In this Review, we discuss in vivo and in vitro data obtained from vascular and epithelial models; highlight the insights these have afforded regarding the general mechanisms through which cells sense, transduce and respond to shear stress at the cellular levels; and outline how the changes cells experience in response to shear stress impact tissue organization. Finally, we discuss the role of shear stress in collective cell migration, which is only starting to be appreciated. We review our current understanding of the effects of shear stress in the context of embryo development, cancer and fibrosis, and invite the scientific community to further investigate the role of shear stress in these scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Espina
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marilia H. Cordeiro
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Milan Milivojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elias H. Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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Hennes A, Devroe J, De Clercq K, Ciprietti M, Held K, Luyten K, Van Ranst N, Maenhoudt N, Peeraer K, Vankelecom H, Voets T, Vriens J. Protease secretions by the invading blastocyst induce calcium oscillations in endometrial epithelial cells via the protease-activated receptor 2. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:37. [PMID: 37060079 PMCID: PMC10105462 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early embryo implantation is a complex phenomenon characterized by the presence of an implantation-competent blastocyst and a receptive endometrium. Embryo development and endometrial receptivity must be synchronized and an adequate two-way dialogue between them is necessary for maternal recognition and implantation. Proteases have been described as blastocyst-secreted proteins involved in the hatching process and early implantation events. These enzymes stimulate intracellular calcium signaling pathways in endometrial epithelial cells (EEC). However, the exact molecular players underlying protease-induced calcium signaling, the subsequent downstream signaling pathways and the biological impact of its activation remain elusive. METHODS To identify gene expression of the receptors and ion channels of interest in human and mouse endometrial epithelial cells, RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization experiments were conducted. Calcium microfluorimetric experiments were performed to study their functional expression. RESULTS We showed that trypsin evoked intracellular calcium oscillations in EEC of mouse and human, and identified the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) as the molecular entity initiating protease-induced calcium responses in EEC. In addition, this study unraveled the molecular players involved in the downstream signaling of PAR2 by showing that depletion and re-filling of intracellular calcium stores occurs via PLC, IP3R and the STIM1/Orai1 complex. Finally, in vitro experiments in the presence of a specific PAR2 agonist evoked an upregulation of the 'Window of implantation' markers in human endometrial epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the blastocyst-derived protease signaling and allocate a key role for PAR2 as maternal sensor for signals released by the developing blastocyst.
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Grants
- C14/18/106 Research Council of the KU Leuven
- C14/18/106 Research Council of the KU Leuven
- C14/18/106 Research Council of the KU Leuven
- C14/18/106 Research Council of the KU Leuven
- G.0D1417N, G.084515N, G.0A6719N, 12R4622N, 12U7918N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- G.0D1417N, G.084515N, G.0A6719N, 12R4622N, 12U7918N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- G.0D1417N, G.084515N, G.0A6719N, 12R4622N, 12U7918N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- G.0D1417N, G.084515N, G.0A6719N, 12R4622N, 12U7918N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- G.0D1417N, G.084515N, G.0A6719N, 12R4622N, 12U7918N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hennes
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johanna Devroe
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Clercq
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Ciprietti
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Held
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Luyten
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Maenhoudt
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 804, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Peeraer
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 804, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 611, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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6
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Huang J, Zhang K, Du R, Liu W, Zhang H, Tian T, Wang Y, Wang G, Yin T. The Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in cardiovascular health under mechanical stimulation. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492728 PMCID: PMC10363580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cardiovascular health problems are becoming more and more serious. At the same time, mechanical stimulation closely relates to cardiovascular health. In this context, Piezo1, which is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation, has attracted our attention. Here, we review the critical significance of Piezo1 in mechanical stimulation of endothelial cells, NO production, lipid metabolism, DNA damage protection, the development of new blood vessels and maturation, narrowing of blood vessels, blood pressure regulation, vascular permeability, insulin sensitivity, and maintenance of red blood cell function. Besides, Piezo1 may participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. It is worth noting that Piezo1 has dual effects on maintaining cardiovascular health. On the one hand, the function of Piezo1 is necessary to maintain cardiovascular health; on the other hand, under some extreme mechanical stimulation, the overexpression of Piezo1 may bring adverse factors such as inflammation. Therefore, this review discusses the Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in maintaining cardiovascular health and puts forward new ideas to provide references for gene therapy or nanoagents targeting Piezo1.
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7
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Endothelial Cell Plasma Membrane Biomechanics Mediates Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Factors on Endothelial Mechanosensors: Vicious Circle Formation in Atherogenic Inflammation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020205. [PMID: 35207126 PMCID: PMC8877251 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In endothelial cells (ECs), anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory signaling can be induced by different patterns of the fluid shear stress (SS) exerted by blood flow on ECs. Laminar blood flow with high magnitude is anti-inflammatory, while disturbed flow and laminar flow with low magnitude is pro-inflammatory. Endothelial mechanosensors are the key upstream signaling proteins in SS-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Being transmembrane proteins, mechanosensors, not only experience fluid SS but also become regulated by the biomechanical properties of the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton. We review the apparent effects of pro-inflammatory factors (hypoxia, oxidative stress, hypercholesterolemia, and cytokines) on the biomechanics of the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton. An analysis of the available data suggests that the formation of a vicious circle may occur, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance and attenuate SS-induced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling, respectively.
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9
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Tanaka K, Joshi D, Timalsina S, Schwartz MA. Early events in endothelial flow sensing. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:217-231. [PMID: 33543538 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Responses of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs) to fluid shear stress (FSS) from blood or lymphatic fluid flow govern the development, physiology, and diseases of these structures. Extensive research has characterized the signaling, gene expression and cytoskeletal pathways that mediate effects on EC phenotype and vascular morphogenesis. But the primary mechanisms by which ECs transduce the weak forces from flow into biochemical signals are less well understood. This review covers recent advances in our understanding of the immediate mechanisms of FSS mechanotransduction, integrating results from different disciplines, addressing their roles in development, physiology and disease, and suggesting important questions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Divyesh Joshi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sushma Timalsina
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Hu Y, Chen M, Wang M, Li X. Flow-mediated vasodilation through mechanosensitive G protein-coupled receptors in endothelial cells. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:61-70. [PMID: 33406458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation involves three main mechanisms: production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), synthesis of prostanoids by cyclooxygenase, and/or opening of calcium-sensitive potassium channels. Researchers have proposed multiple mechanosensors that may be involved in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, and intercellular junction proteins, among others. However, GPCRs are considered the major mechanosensors that play a pivotal role in shear stress signal transduction. Among mechanosensitive GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptor 68, histamine H1 receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and bradykinin B2 receptors have been identified as endothelial sensors of flow shear stress regulating flow-mediated vasodilation. Thus, this review aims to expound on the mechanism whereby flow shear stress promotes vasodilation through the proposed mechanosensitive GPCRs in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, NO.238, Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xiucun Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China; Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NO.44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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11
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Küppers J, Benkel T, Annala S, Kimura K, Reinelt L, Fleischmann BK, Kostenis E, Gütschow M. Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation as Gα q -Protein Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:12615-12623. [PMID: 32428383 PMCID: PMC7590114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivative BIM-46174 and its dimeric form BIM-46187 (1) are heterocyclized dipeptides that belong to the very few cell-permeable compounds known to preferentially silence Gαq proteins. To explore the chemical space of Gαq inhibitors of the BIM chemotype, a combinatorial approach was conducted towards a library of BIM molecules. This library was evaluated in a second messenger-based fluorescence assay to analyze the activity of Gαq proteins through the determination of intracellular myo-inositol 1-phosphate. Structure-activity relationships were deduced and structural requirements for biological activity obtained, which were (i) a redox reactive thiol/disulfane substructure, (ii) an N-terminal basic amino group, (iii) a cyclohexylalanine moiety, and (iv) a bicyclic skeleton. Active compounds exhibited cellular toxicity, which was investigated in detail for the prototypical inhibitor 1. This compound affects the structural cytoskeletal dynamics in a Gαq/11 -independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Küppers
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology SectionInstitute for Pharmaceutical BiologyUniversity of BonnNussallee 653115BonnGermany
- Research Training Group 1873University of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | - Suvi Annala
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology SectionInstitute for Pharmaceutical BiologyUniversity of BonnNussallee 653115BonnGermany
| | - Kenichi Kimura
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnSigmund-Freud-Str. 2553105BonnGermany
| | - Lisa Reinelt
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnSigmund-Freud-Str. 2553105BonnGermany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology SectionInstitute for Pharmaceutical BiologyUniversity of BonnNussallee 653115BonnGermany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical InstituteDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
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12
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Roux E, Bougaran P, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T. Fluid Shear Stress Sensing by the Endothelial Layer. Front Physiol 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 32848833 PMCID: PMC7396610 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow produces mechanical frictional forces, parallel to the blood flow exerted on the endothelial wall of the vessel, the so-called wall shear stress (WSS). WSS sensing is associated with several vascular pathologies, but it is first a physiological phenomenon. Endothelial cell sensitivity to WSS is involved in several developmental and physiological vascular processes such as angiogenesis and vascular morphogenesis, vascular remodeling, and vascular tone. Local conditions of blood flow determine the characteristics of WSS, i.e., intensity, direction, pulsatility, sensed by the endothelial cells that, through their effect of the vascular network, impact WSS. All these processes generate a local-global retroactive loop that determines the ability of the vascular system to ensure the perfusion of the tissues. In order to account for the physiological role of WSS, the so-called shear stress set point theory has been proposed, according to which WSS sensing acts locally on vessel remodeling so that WSS is maintained close to a set point value, with local and distant effects of vascular blood flow. The aim of this article is (1) to review the existing literature on WSS sensing involvement on the behavior of endothelial cells and its short-term (vasoreactivity) and long-term (vascular morphogenesis and remodeling) effects on vascular functioning in physiological condition; (2) to present the various hypotheses about WSS sensors and analyze the conceptual background of these representations, in particular the concept of tensional prestress or biotensegrity; and (3) to analyze the relevance, explanatory value, and limitations of the WSS set point theory, that should be viewed as dynamical, and not algorithmic, processes, acting in a self-organized way. We conclude that this dynamic set point theory and the biotensegrity concept provide a relevant explanatory framework to analyze the physiological mechanisms of WSS sensing and their possible shift toward pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Roux
- Inserm, UMR 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR 8560 IHPST - Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Inserm, UMR 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- Inserm, UMR 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Inserm, UMR 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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13
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Del Rosario JS, Yudin Y, Su S, Hartle CM, Mirshahi T, Rohacs T. Gi-coupled receptor activation potentiates Piezo2 currents via Gβγ. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49124. [PMID: 32227462 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically activated Piezo2 channels are key players in somatosensory touch, but their regulation by cellular signaling pathways is poorly understood. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors that modulate the function of sensory ion channels. Gi-coupled receptors are generally considered inhibitory, as they usually decrease excitability. Paradoxically, activation of Gi-coupled receptors in DRG neurons sometimes induces mechanical hypersensitivity, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here, we find that activation of Gi-coupled receptors potentiates mechanically activated currents in DRG neurons and heterologously expressed Piezo2 channels, but inhibits Piezo1 currents in heterologous systems in a Gβγ-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of kinases downstream of Gβγ, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also abolishes the potentiation of Piezo2 currents. Local injection of sumatriptan, an agonist of the Gi-coupled serotonin 1B/1D receptors, increases mechanical sensitivity in mice, and the effect is abolished by inhibiting PI3K and MAPK. Hence, our studies illustrate an indirect mechanism of action of Gβγ to sensitize Piezo2 currents and alter mechanosensitivity after activation of Gi-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Smith Del Rosario
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yevgen Yudin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Songxue Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Cassandra M Hartle
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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14
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Mehta V, Pang KL, Rozbesky D, Nather K, Keen A, Lachowski D, Kong Y, Karia D, Ameismeier M, Huang J, Fang Y, Del Rio Hernandez A, Reader JS, Jones EY, Tzima E. The guidance receptor plexin D1 is a mechanosensor in endothelial cells. Nature 2020; 578:290-295. [PMID: 32025034 PMCID: PMC7025890 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Shear stress on arteries produced by blood flow is important for vascular development and homeostasis but can also initiate atherosclerosis1. Endothelial cells that line the vasculature use molecular mechanosensors to directly detect shear stress profiles that will ultimately lead to atheroprotective or atherogenic responses2. Plexins are key cell-surface receptors of the semaphorin family of cell-guidance signalling proteins and can regulate cellular patterning by modulating the cytoskeleton and focal adhesion structures3-5. However, a role for plexin proteins in mechanotransduction has not been examined. Here we show that plexin D1 (PLXND1) has a role in mechanosensation and mechanically induced disease pathogenesis. PLXND1 is required for the response of endothelial cells to shear stress in vitro and in vivo and regulates the site-specific distribution of atherosclerotic lesions. In endothelial cells, PLXND1 is a direct force sensor and forms a mechanocomplex with neuropilin-1 and VEGFR2 that is necessary and sufficient for conferring mechanosensitivity upstream of the junctional complex and integrins. PLXND1 achieves its binary functions as either a ligand or a force receptor by adopting two distinct molecular conformations. Our results establish a previously undescribed mechanosensor in endothelial cells that regulates cardiovascular pathophysiology, and provide a mechanism by which a single receptor can exhibit a binary biochemical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedanta Mehta
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kar-Lai Pang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Rozbesky
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katrin Nather
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Keen
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Youxin Kong
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimple Karia
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Ameismeier
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Armando Del Rio Hernandez
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John S Reader
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellie Tzima
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Helix 8 is the essential structural motif of mechanosensitive GPCRs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5784. [PMID: 31857598 PMCID: PMC6923424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile cellular sensors for chemical stimuli, but also serve as mechanosensors involved in various (patho)physiological settings like vascular regulation, cardiac hypertrophy and preeclampsia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced GPCR activation have remained elusive. Here we show that mechanosensitive histamine H1 receptors (H1Rs) are endothelial sensors of fluid shear stress and contribute to flow-induced vasodilation. At the molecular level, we observe that H1Rs undergo stimulus-specific patterns of conformational changes suggesting that mechanical forces and agonists induce distinct active receptor conformations. GPCRs lacking C-terminal helix 8 (H8) are not mechanosensitive, and transfer of H8 to non-responsive GPCRs confers, while removal of H8 precludes, mechanosensitivity. Moreover, disrupting H8 structural integrity by amino acid exchanges impairs mechanosensitivity. Altogether, H8 is the essential structural motif endowing GPCRs with mechanosensitivity. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for a better understanding of the roles of mechanosensitive GPCRs in (patho)physiology. GPCRs are versatile cellular sensors for chemical stimuli but the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced GPCR activation have remained elusive. Here authors identify the C-terminal helix 8 (H8) as the essential structural motif endowing H1R and other GPCRs with mechanosensitivity.
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16
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Beech DJ, Kalli AC. Force Sensing by Piezo Channels in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2228-2239. [PMID: 31533470 PMCID: PMC6818984 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are fundamental in cardiovascular biology, and deciphering the mechanisms by which they act remains a testing frontier in cardiovascular research. Here, we raise awareness of 2 recently discovered proteins, Piezo1 and Piezo2, which assemble as transmembrane triskelions to combine exquisite force sensing with regulated calcium influx. There is emerging evidence for their importance in endothelial shear stress sensing and secretion, NO generation, vascular tone, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, vascular permeability and remodeling, blood pressure regulation, insulin sensitivity, exercise performance, and baroreceptor reflex, and there are early suggestions of relevance to cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes. Human genetic analysis points to significance in lymphatic disease, anemia, varicose veins, and potentially heart failure, hypertension, aneurysms, and stroke. These channels appear to be versatile force sensors, used creatively to inform various force-sensing situations. We discuss emergent concepts and controversies and suggest that the potential for new important understanding is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Beech
- From the Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- From the Department of Discovery and Translational Science, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom
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