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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Cavallo C, Boffa A, Salerno M, Merli G, Grigolo B, Filardo G. Adipose Tissue-Derived Products May Present Inflammatory Properties That Affect Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes from Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12401. [PMID: 37569775 PMCID: PMC10418602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived cell-based injectable therapies have been demonstrated to have disease-modifying effects on joint tissues in preclinical studies on animal osteoarthritis (OA) models, but clinical results are heterogeneous and not always satisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of adipose tissue properties on the therapeutic effects of the adipose-derived product in an in vitro OA setting. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MF-AT) samples were obtained from 21 OA patients (mean age 51.7 ± 11.8 years, mean BMI 25.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2). The analysis of the MF-AT supernatant was performed to analyze the release of inflammatory factors. The effects of MF-AT inflammatory factors were investigated on chondrocytes and synoviocytes gene expression levels. Patients' characteristics were analyzed to explore their influence on MF-AT inflammatory molecules and on the MF-AT effects on the gene expression of chondrocytes and synoviocytes. The study results demonstrated that adipose tissue-derived products may present inflammatory properties that influence the therapeutic potential for OA treatment, with products with a higher pro-inflammatory profile stimulating a higher expression of genes related to a more inflamed and catabolic phenotype. A higher pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern and a higher pro-inflammatory effect were found in adipose tissue-derived products obtained from OA patients with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Cavallo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Angelo Boffa
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Merli
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (G.F.)
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3
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De Santis S, Crupi P, Piacente L, Mestice A, Colabufo NA, Amodio L, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Moschetta A, Clodoveo ML, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Extra virgin olive oil extract rich in secoiridoids induces an anti-inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from obese children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017090. [PMID: 36386923 PMCID: PMC9643887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health challenge of the twenty first century reaching epidemic proportions worldwide; this is especially true for the pediatric population. In this context, bioactive compounds from foods are crucial to counteract chronic inflammation as a typical feature of obesity. In particular, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most important functional foods exerting, among others, an anti-inflammatory activity not only due to its major (monounsaturated fatty acids) but also to its minor (phenolics) components, as reported in the last years. However, only a limited number of studies were performed on pediatric population, and even fewer are those focusing on EVOO phenolics that investigate the correlation of the chemical characterization with the biological function. Thus, starting from our in vitro data identifying an EVOO chemical profile characterized by a high content of secoiridoids correlating with an anti-inflammatory effect, we studied the ability of an EVOO extract with the same chemical profile to retain this function ex vivo. Specifically, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from obese children were treated with EVOO and olive oil extracts, characterized by a low polyphenol content, to study the ability of secoiridoids to dampen the inflammatory response. A reduction of pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes was detected by cytofluorimetric analysis when PBMCs were treated with EVOO as compared to olive oil extracts. According to this, a down modulation of CCL2 and CCL4 chemokines involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, was reported in the supernatants of EVOO relative to olive oil extracts treated PBMCs. Moreover, a high-throughput gene expression analysis revealed that PBMCs molecular profile from obese children is greatly modulated after the treatment with EVOO extract in terms of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Importantly, some of the significantly modulated genes were involved in the pathways promoting the development of severe obesity. Overall, our ex vivo data demonstrated the ability of EVOO to reduce the inflammatory milieu of PBMCs from obese children both at protein and molecular levels. Of note, a good correlation between the EVOO chemical profile and the biological modulations in terms of anti-inflammatory activity was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania De Santis,
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Amodio
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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4
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Dai W, Liu X, Su H, Li X, Xu Y, Yu Y. Influence of adipose tissue immune dysfunction on childhood obesity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:27-38. [PMID: 35595599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a dramatic rise has been observed in the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence, along with an increase in fetal microsomia rates. The increased risk of obesity during this key period in development negatively affects the health of the individual later in life. Immune cells residing and recruited to white adipose tissue have been highlighted as important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Immune dysfunction in the context of obesity begins early in childhood, which is different from the pathological characteristics and influencing factors of adipose immunity in adults. Here, we explore the current understanding of the roles of childhood and early life events that result in high risks for obesity by influencing adipose tissue immune dysfunction under the pathological condition of obesity. Such knowledge will help in determining the mechanisms of childhood and early life obesity in efforts to ameliorate chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Rodríguez M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Palomino-Echeverría S, Santamaría E, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, Izquierdo M. Effects of Different Doses of Exercise on Inflammation Markers Among Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity: HEPAFIT Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2619-e2627. [PMID: 35038337 PMCID: PMC9472258 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE Obesity-related metabolic risk factors in adolescents who are overweight/obese may be associated with systemic low-grade inflammation; therefore, we investigated whether 6 months of exercise training altered markers of inflammation. METHODS Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled exercise-based intervention trial (September 2017-December 2018). Adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (Tanner stage II-V), 70% girls, with a body mass index z-score at or above the 85th percentile, and/or with excess of adiposity (body fat ≥ 30%). The participants were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups for 6 months: (1) standard physical education lessons, as a control (CTRL); (2) high-intensity physical education class (HIPE); (3) low-to-moderate intensity physical education class (LIPE); (4) a combined group (PLUS). Inflammatory markers and immune molecules including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors (n = 65 biomarkers) were determined by cytokine antibody array. RESULTS Of the 120 randomly assigned participants, 95 were included in the analysis. Considering these 22 proteins, the LIPE group shows statistical significance in 9 proteins with log-fold change (logFC) and P < 0.05 (in BLC, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor-6 [FGF-6], GCP-2, I-309, IGFBP-4, MCP-4, NAP-2, and PARC), followed by the PLUS group in 9 proteins (BLC, pro-epidermal growth factor, eotaxin, FGF-6, MCP-4, NAP-2, osteopontin, PARC, and RANTES), the HIPE group in 7 proteins (FGF-4, FGF-7, GCP-2, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, and MIP-1 delta), and the CTRL group in 6 proteins (FGF-4, IP-10, Leptin, MCP-1, MIG, and MIP-1 delta). However, subanalysis performed to detect differentially expressed proteins at baseline and after intervention, with significance at an adjusted P value ≤ 0.05 and absolute log fold-change (logFC) ≥ 1.0, showed 3 downregulated proteins in the LIPE group (BLC(logFC) = 1.27, eotaxin(logFC) = 1.18, and MCP-4(logFC) = 1.14), and 4 proteins in the HIPE group (BLC(logFC) = 1.45, FGF-6(logFC) = 1.20, MCP-4(logFC) = 1.50, and PARC(logFC) = 1.33), supporting that the changes we observed in the exercise groups were not time-related changes but occurred in response to exercise. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a 6-month physical exercise program in overweight/obese adolescents, based on LIPE and PLUS groups, significantly change several circulating inflammatory levels. Interventions involving supervised physical exercise may reduce the associated effects of systemic low-grade inflammation, thus preventing the development of obesity-related metabolic diseases in adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverría
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Grupo Rendimiento Físico Militar “RENFIMIL”, Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Movimiento. Programa de Fisioterapia. Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, 760035, Colombia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 111221, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: Mikel Izquierdo, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Avenida de Barañain s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Wingard MC, Dalal S, Shook PL, Myers R, Connelly BA, Thewke DP, Singh M, Singh K. Deficiency of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase modulates functional and biochemical parameters of the heart in response to Western-type diet. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2324-H2338. [PMID: 33929897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00990.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase deficiency exacerbates heart dysfunction late after myocardial infarction. Here, we hypothesized that ATM deficiency modulates Western-type diet (WD)-induced cardiac remodeling with an emphasis on functional and biochemical parameters of the heart. Weight gain was assessed in male wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice on weekly basis, whereas cardiac functional and biochemical parameters were measured 14 wk post-WD. hKO-WD mice exhibited rapid body weight gain at weeks 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 versus WT-WD. WD decreased percent fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and increased end-systolic volumes and diameters to a similar extent in both genotypes. However, WD decreased stroke volume, cardiac output, peak velocity of early ventricular filling, and aortic ejection time and increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and Tei index versus WT-NC (normal chow). Conversely, IVRT, isovolumetric contraction time, and Tei index were lower in hKO-WD versus hKO-NC and WT-WD. Myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy were higher in hKO-WD versus WT-WD. WD increased fibrosis and expression of collagen-1α1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in WT. WD enhanced AMPK activation, while decreasing mTOR activation in hKO. Akt and IKK-α/β activation, and Bax, PARP-1, and Glut-4 expression were higher in WT-WD versus WT-NC, whereas NF-κB activation and Glut-4 expression were lower in hKO-WD versus hKO-NC. Circulating concentrations of IL-12(p70), eotaxin, IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β were higher in hKO-WD versus WT-WD. Thus, ATM deficiency accelerates weight gain, induces systolic dysfunction with increased preload, and associates with increased apoptosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation in response to WD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase deficiency in humans associates with enhanced susceptibility to ischemic heart disease. Here, we provide evidence that ATM deficiency accelerates body weight gain and associates with increased cardiac preload, hypertrophy, and apoptosis in mice fed with Western-type diet (WD). Further investigations of the role of ATM deficiency in WD-induced alterations in function and biochemical parameters of the heart may provide clinically applicable information on treatment and/or nutritional counseling for patients with ATM deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wingard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Suman Dalal
- Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Paige L Shook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Rachel Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Barbara A Connelly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Douglas P Thewke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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7
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Wang L, Sun P, Wu Y, Wang L. Metabolic tissue-resident CD8 + T cells: A key player in obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13133. [PMID: 32935464 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced low-grade chronic inflammation in the metabolic tissues, such as adipose tissue (AT) and liver tissue, in individuals with obesity is a major etiological factor for several diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular problems, as well as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have revealed that tissue-resident macrophages play a crucial role in this process. However, the mechanisms responsible for recruiting and activating macrophages and initiating chronic inflammation in the metabolic tissues have not yet been clearly elucidated. In the most recent decade, there has been a growing emphasis on the critical role of the adaptive CD8+ T cells in obesity-induced chronic inflammation and related metabolic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the relevant studies in both mice and human regarding the role of metabolic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in obesity-related inflammation and diseases, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the regulation of CD8+ T cell recruitment, activation and function in the metabolic tissues, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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8
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de Sousa GC, Cruz FF, Heil LB, Sobrinho CJS, Saddy F, Knibel FP, Pereira JB, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Intraoperative immunomodulatory effects of sevoflurane versus total intravenous anesthesia with propofol in bariatric surgery (the OBESITA trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial. Trials 2019; 20:300. [PMID: 31138279 PMCID: PMC6540380 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with a chronic systemic inflammatory process. Volatile or intravenous anesthetic agents may modulate immune function, and may do so differentially in obesity. However, no study has evaluated whether these potential immunomodulatory effects differ according to type of anesthesia in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods/design The OBESITA trial is a prospective, nonblinded, single-center, randomized, controlled clinical pilot trial. The trial will include 48 patients with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2, scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery using sleeve or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique, who will be allocated 1:1 to undergo general inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. The primary endpoint is the difference in plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels when comparing the two anesthetic agents. Blood samples will be collected prior to anesthesia induction (baseline), immediately after anesthetic induction, and before endotracheal extubation. Levels of other proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil chemotaxis, macrophage differentiation, phagocytosis, and occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications will also be evaluated. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effects of two different anesthetics on immunomodulation in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Our hypothesis is that anesthesia with sevoflurane will result in a weaker proinflammatory response compared to anesthesia with propofol, with lower circulating levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory mediators, and increased macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype in adipose tissue. Trial registration Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, RBR-77kfj5. Registered on 25 July 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3399-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Carvalho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boavista Heil
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Saddy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Institute D'Or of Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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9
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Wang L, Chen L, Liu Z, Liu Y, Luo M, Chen N, Deng X, Luo Y, He J, Zhang L, Hill MA, Li R, Wu J. PAI-1 Exacerbates White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Metabolic Dysregulation in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1087. [PMID: 30319420 PMCID: PMC6169321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 levels and activity are known to increase during metabolic syndrome and obesity. In addition, previous studies have implicated PAI-1 in adipose tissue (AT) expansion while also contributing to insulin resistance. As inflammation is also known to occur in AT during obesity, we hypothesized that in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model PAI-1 contributes to macrophage-mediated inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Methods: Four- to five-weeks-old male C57B6/6J mice were fed a HFD (45%) for 14 weeks, while age-matched control mice were fed a standard laboratory chow diet (10% fat). Additional studies were performed in PAI-1 knockout mice and wild type mice treated with an inhibitor (PAI-039) of PAI-1. Macrophage polarization were measured by real time PCR. Results: HFD mice showed increased expression of PAI-1 in visceral white AT (WAT) that also displayed increased macrophage numbers. PAI-1 deficient mice exhibited increased numbers of anti-inflammatory macrophages in WAT and were resistant to HFD-induced obesity. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 using PAI-039 significantly decreased macrophage infiltration in WAT and improved metabolic status in HFD-induced wild-type mice. Importantly, the numbers of M1 macrophages appeared to be increased by the HFD and decreased by either genetic PAI-1 depletion or PAI-039 treatment. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings provide support for PAI-1 contributing to the development of inflammation in adipose tissue and explain the mechanism of inflammation modulated by PAI-1 in the disordered metabolism in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zheran Liu
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaofang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Michael A Hill
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rong Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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10
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Orr JS, Kennedy AJ, Hill AA, Anderson-Baucum EK, Hubler MJ, Hasty AH. CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) deficiency alters adipose tissue leukocyte populations in mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 4:4/18/e12971. [PMID: 27655794 PMCID: PMC5037919 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which macrophages and other immune cells accumulate in adipose tissue (AT) has been an area of intense investigation over the past decade. Several different chemokines and their cognate receptors have been studied for their role as chemoattractants in promoting recruitment of immune cells to AT. However, it is also possible that chemoattractants known to promote clearance of immune cells from tissues to regional lymph nodes might be a critical component to overall AT immune homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated whether CCR7 influences AT macrophage (ATM) or T‐cell (ATT) accumulation. CCR7−/− and littermate wild‐type (WT) mice were placed on low‐fat diet (LFD) or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. CCR7 deficiency did not impact HFD‐induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis, or glucose intolerance. Although lean CCR7−/− mice had an increased proportion of alternatively activated ATMs, there were no differences in ATM accumulation or polarization between HFD‐fed CCR7−/− mice and their WT counterparts. However, CCR7 deficiency did lead to the preferential accumulation of CD8+ATT cells, which was further exacerbated by HFD feeding. Finally, expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as Tnf, Il6, Il1β, Ccl2, and Ccl3, was equally elevated in AT by HFD feeding in CCR7−/− and WT mice, while Ifng and Il18 were elevated by HFD feeding in CCR7−/− but not in WT mice. Together, these data suggest that CCR7 plays a role in CD8+ATT cell egress, but does not influence ATM accumulation or the metabolic impact of diet‐induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeb S Orr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrea A Hill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily K Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Merla J Hubler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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11
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Microparticles derived from obese adipose tissue elicit a pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD16 + , CCR5 + and TLR8 + monocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Meshkani R, Vakili S. Tissue resident macrophages: Key players in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:77-89. [PMID: 27570063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that chronic inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator of the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is now generally accepted that tissue-resident macrophages play a major role in regulation of tissue inflammation. T2D-associated inflammation is characterized by an increased abundance of macrophages in different tissues along with production of inflammatory cytokines. The complexity of macrophage phenotypes has been reported from different human tissues. Macrophages exhibit a phenotypic range that is intermediate between two extremes, M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). Cytokines and chemokines produced by macrophages generate local and systemic inflammation and this condition leads to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in liver, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Data from human and animal studies also suggest that macrophages contribute to T2D complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases through cell-cell interactions and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases to induce inflammatory cell recruitment, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, and matrix protein remodeling. In this review we focus on the functions of macrophages and the importance of these cells in the pathogenesis of T2D. In addition, the contribution of macrophages to diabetes complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Sanaz Vakili
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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13
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Shi J, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang J, Du B, Wang Z, Liu M, Jiang W, Qian M, Ren H. Gpr97 is dispensable for metabolic syndrome but is involved in macrophage inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24649. [PMID: 27089991 PMCID: PMC4835759 DOI: 10.1038/srep24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local inflammation in tissues is one of primary causes in development of metabolic disorder in obesity. The accumulation of macrophages in some tissues can induce inflammatory reactions in obesity. Gpr97 is highly expressed in some immunocytes, but its potential role in inflammatory regulation has not been revealed clearly. In our research, we investigated Gpr97 in regulating macrophage inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The major metabolic phenotyping were not different after Gpr97 knockout in HFD-fed mice. Similar pathological alterations in adipose tissue, liver, and kidney were observed in Gpr97−/− HFD mice compared with WT-HFD mice. In white adipose tissue, loss of Gpr97 reduced the ratio of M1-macrophages and increased the M2-macrophage ratio, which was opposite to that seen in the wild-type HFD mice. More macrophages invaded in the liver and kidney after Gpr97 knockout in HFD mice. Furthermore, the levels of TNF-α were higher in the liver and kidney of Gpr97−/− HFD mice compared to those in wild-type HFD mice. The data indicate that Gpr97 might be required for local inflammation development in obesity-relative tissues, but does not play a role in metabolic disorder in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueping Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established an association between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and a number of cancer types. Research has focused predominantly on altered endocrine factors, growth factors and signalling pathways, with little known in man about the immune involvement in the relevant pathophysiological processes. Moreover, in an era of exciting new breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, there is also a need to study the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutics in the complex setting of inflammatory-driven obesity-associated cancer. This review addresses key immune cell subsets underpinning obesity-associated inflammation and describes how such immune compartments might be targeted to prevent and treat obesity-associated cancer. We propose that the modulation, metabolism, migration and abundance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells and tumour-specific T cells might be therapeutically altered to both restore immune balance, alleviating pathological inflammation, and to improve anti-tumour immune responses in obesity-associated cancer.
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15
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Hill AA, Anderson-Baucum EK, Kennedy AJ, Webb CD, Yull FE, Hasty AH. Activation of NF-κB drives the enhanced survival of adipose tissue macrophages in an obesogenic environment. Mol Metab 2015; 4:665-77. [PMID: 26779432 PMCID: PMC4588436 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue (AT) during obesity contributes to inflammation and insulin resistance. Recruitment of monocytes to obese AT has been the most studied mechanism explaining this accumulation. However, recent evidence suggests that recruitment-independent mechanisms may also regulate pro-inflammatory AT macrophage (ATM) numbers. The role of increased ATM survival during obesity has yet to be explored. Results We demonstrate that activation of apoptotic pathways is significantly reduced in ATMs from diet-induced and genetically obese mice. Concurrently, pro-survival Bcl-2 family member protein levels and localization to the mitochondria is elevated in ATMs from obese mice. This increased pro-survival signaling was associated with elevated activation of the transcription factor, NF-κB, and increased expression of its pro-survival target genes. Finally, an obesogenic milieu increased ATM viability only when NF-κB signaling pathways were functional. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that obesity promotes survival of inflammatory ATMs, possibly through an NF-κB-regulated mechanism. Macrophage apoptosis is decreased in obese adipose tissue. ATMs from obese mice display increased mitochondrial localization of Bcl-2. The pro-survival targets of NF-κB are increased in ATMs from obese mice. NF-κB activation in ATMs during metabolic stimulation increases their survival. Decreased ATM apoptosis contributes to macrophage accumulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Hill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Emily K Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Corey D Webb
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States
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16
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Hill AA, Reid Bolus W, Hasty AH. A decade of progress in adipose tissue macrophage biology. Immunol Rev 2015; 262:134-52. [PMID: 25319332 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One decade has passed since seminal publications described macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) as a key contributor to inflammation and obesity-related insulin resistance. Currently, a PubMed search for 'adipose tissue inflammation' reveals over 3500 entries since these original reports. We now know that resident macrophages in lean AT are alternatively activated, M2-like, and play a role in AT homeostasis. In contrast, the macrophages in obese AT are dramatically increased in number and are predominantly classically activated, M1-like, and promote inflammation and insulin resistance. Mediators of AT macrophage (ATM) phenotype include adipokines and fatty acids secreted from adipocytes as well as cytokines secreted from other immune cells in AT. There are several mechanisms that could explain the large increase in ATMs in obesity. These include recruitment-dependent mechanisms such as adipocyte death, chemokine release, and lipolysis of fatty acids. Newer evidence also points to recruitment-independent mechanisms such as impaired apoptosis, increased proliferation, and decreased egress. Although less is known about the homeostatic function of M2-like resident ATMs, recent evidence suggests roles in AT expansion, thermoregulation, antigen presentation, and iron homeostasis. The field of immunometabolism has come a long way in the past decade, and many exciting new discoveries are bound to be made in the coming years that will expand our understanding of how AT stands at the junction of immune and metabolic co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Hill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Kennedy A, Webb CD, Hill AA, Gruen ML, Jackson LG, Hasty AH. Loss of CCR5 results in glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E897-906. [PMID: 23941876 PMCID: PMC3798705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage and T cell infiltration into metabolic tissues contributes to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), expressed on macrophages and T cells, plays a critical role in the recruitment and activation of proinflammatory M1 and TH1 immune cells to tissues and is elevated in adipose tissue (AT) and liver of obese humans and mice. Thus, we hypothesized that deficiency of CCR5 would protect against diet-induced inflammation and IR. CCR5-deficient (CCR5(-/-)) mice and C57BL/6 (WT) controls were fed 10% low-fat (LF) or 60% high-fat (HF) diets for 16 wk. HF feeding increased adiposity, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels equally in both genotypes. Opposing our hypothesis, HF-fed CCR5(-/-) mice were significantly more glucose intolerant than WT mice. In AT, there was a significant reduction in the M1-associated gene CD11c, whereas M2 associated genes were not different between genotypes. In addition, HF feeding caused a twofold increase in CD4(+) T cells in the AT of CCR5(-/-) compared with WT mice. In liver and muscle, no differences in immune cell infiltration or inflammatory cytokine expression were detected. However, in AT and muscle, there was a mild reduction in insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT and IRβ in CCR5(-/-) compared with WT mice. These findings suggest that whereas CCR5 plays a minor role in regulating immune cell infiltration and inflammation in metabolic tissues, deficiency of CCR5 impairs systemic glucose tolerance as well as AT and muscle insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arion Kennedy
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Anderson EK, Gutierrez DA, Kennedy A, Hasty AH. Weight cycling increases T-cell accumulation in adipose tissue and impairs systemic glucose tolerance. Diabetes 2013; 62:3180-8. [PMID: 23733197 PMCID: PMC3749340 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the U.S. Accumulation of proinflammatory immune cells in adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the development of obesity-associated disorders. Weight loss is the ideal method to counteract the negative consequences of obesity; however, losses are rarely maintained, leading to bouts of weight cycling. Fluctuations in weight have been associated with worsened metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes; yet, the mechanisms explaining this potential correlation are not known. For determination of whether weight cycling modulates AT immune cell populations, inflammation, and insulin resistance, mice were subjected to a diet-switch protocol designed to induce weight cycling. Weight-cycled mice displayed decreased systemic glucose tolerance and impaired AT insulin sensitivity when compared with mice that gained weight but did not cycle. AT macrophage number and polarization were not modulated by weight cycling. However, weight cycling did increase the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in AT. Expression of multiple T helper 1-associated cytokines was also elevated subsequent to weight cycling. Additionally, CD8(+) effector memory T cells were present in AT of both obese and weight-cycled mice. These studies indicate that an exaggerated adaptive immune response in AT may contribute to metabolic dysfunction during weight cycling.
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19
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Jilkova ZM, Hensler M, Medrikova D, Janovska P, Horakova O, Rossmeisl M, Flachs P, Sell H, Eckel J, Kopecky J. Adipose tissue-related proteins locally associated with resolution of inflammation in obese mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:216-23. [PMID: 23756677 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resolution of low-grade inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is one of the keys for amelioration of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions. We focused on the identification of adipokines, which could be involved at the early stages of resolution of WAT inflammation. METHODS AND PROCEDURE Male C57BL/6J mice with obesity induced in response to a 22-week feeding corn oil-based high-fat (cHF) diet were divided into four groups and were fed with, for 2 weeks, control cHF diet or cHF-based diets supplemented with: (i) concentrate of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (cHF+F); (ii) thiazolidinedione drug rosiglitazone (cHF+TZD); and (iii) both compounds (cHF+F+TZD). RESULTS The short-term combined intervention exerted additive effect in the amelioration of WAT inflammation in obese mice, namely in the epididymal fat, even in the absence of any changes in either adipocyte volume or fat mass. The combined intervention elicited hypolipidaemic effect and induced adiponectin, whereas the responses to single interventions (cHF+F, cHF+TZD) were less pronounced. In addition, analysis in WAT lysates using protein arrays revealed that the levels of a small set of adipose tissue-related proteins, namely macrophage inflammatory protein 1γ, endoglin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, changed in response to the anti-inflammatory interventions and were strongly reduced in the cHF+F+TZD mice. These results were verified using both the analysis of gene expression and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis in WAT lysates. In contrast with adiponectin, which showed changing plasma levels in response to dietary interventions, the levels of the above proteins were affected only in WAT. CONCLUSIONS We identified several adipose tissue-related proteins, which are locally involved in resolution of low-grade inflammation and remodelling of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Jilkova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Hensler
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Medrikova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Janovska
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Horakova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Flachs
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Sell
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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Orr JS, Puglisi MJ, Ellacott KL, Lumeng CN, Wasserman DH, Hasty AH. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency promotes the alternative activation of adipose tissue macrophages. Diabetes 2012; 61:2718-27. [PMID: 22751700 PMCID: PMC3478520 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue (AT) macrophage (ATM) accumulation, which promotes AT inflammation and dysfunction. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficiency attenuates AT inflammation in obesity but does not impede the accumulation of ATMs. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether TLR4 deficiency alters ATM polarization. TLR4(-/-) and wild-type mice were fed a low-fat, high-monounsaturated fat (HF(MUFA)), or a high-saturated fat (HF(SFA)) diet for 16 weeks. Further, we used a bone marrow transplant model to determine the influence of hematopoietic cell TLR4 signaling. The metabolic and inflammatory responses to high-fat feeding and ATM phenotype were assessed. Global and hematopoietic cell TLR4 deficiency, irrespective of recipient genotype, produced a shift in ATM phenotype toward an alternatively activated state, which was accompanied by reduced AT inflammation. Despite the observed shift in ATM phenotype, neither global nor hematopoietic cell TLR4 deficiency influenced systemic insulin sensitivity after high-fat feeding. Results of the current study suggest that TLR4 directly influences ATM polarization but question the relevance of TLR4 signaling to systemic glucose homeostasis in obesity.
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21
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Ueda M, Ashida H. Green tea prevents obesity by increasing expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8917-8923. [PMID: 22416799 DOI: 10.1021/jf2053788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is known that green tea has the ability to prevent obesity, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood to date. A preventive mechanism of green tea on obesity in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet was investigated by evaluating the expression levels of obesity-related proteins in mesenteric white adipose tissue by using protein array. An increase in the expression level of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 by green tea was found in the white adipose tissues of both control and HF diet-fed mice by protein array and confirmed by Western blot. Moreover, the expression level was negatively correlated with adipose tissue weight. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, treatment with green tea and its major polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, induced the expression of IGFBP-1 in a dose-dependent manner by Western blot. In conclusion, IGFBP-1 in adipose tissue is a novel molecule target for the prevention of obesity by green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ueda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Wang T, DelProposto JL, Lumeng CN. CX3CR1 deficiency does not influence trafficking of adipose tissue macrophages in mice with diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1189-99. [PMID: 22252034 PMCID: PMC4006981 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) accumulate in fat during obesity and resemble foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that common mechanisms underlie both inflammatory conditions. CX(3)CR1 and its ligand fractalkine/CX(3)CL1 contribute to macrophage recruitment and inflammation in atherosclerosis, but their role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that CX(3)CR1 regulates ATM trafficking to epididymal fat and contributes to the development of adipose tissue inflammation during diet-induced obesity. Cx(3)cl1 and Cx(3)cr1 expression was induced specifically in epididymal fat from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). CX(3)CR1 was detected on multiple myeloid cells within epididymal fat from obese mice. To test the requirement of CX(3)CR1 for ATM trafficking and obesity-induced inflammation, Cx(3)cr1(+/GFP) and Cx(3)cr1(GFP/GFP) mice were fed a HFD. Ly-6c(Low) monocytes were reduced in lean Cx(3)cr1(GFP/GFP) mice; however, HFD-induced monocytosis was comparable between strains. Total ATM content, the ratio of type 1 (CD11c(+)) to type 2 (CD206(+)) ATMs, expression of inflammatory markers, and T-cell content were similar in epididymal fat from obese Cx(3)cr1(+/GFP) and Cx(3)cr1(GFP/GFP) mice. Cx(3)cr1 deficiency did not prevent the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. In summary, our data indicate that CX(3)CR1 is not required for the recruitment or retention of ATMs in epididymal adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity even though CX(3)CR1 promotes foam cell formation. This highlights an important point of divergence between the mechanisms regulating monocyte trafficking to fat with obesity and those that contribute to foam cell formation in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Morris
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelsie E. Oatmen
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Literature, Science and Arts Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Literature, Science and Arts Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer L. DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Osborn O, Olefsky JM. The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease. Nat Med 2012; 18:363-74. [PMID: 22395709 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1108] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that obesity is driving the type 2 diabetes epidemic in Western countries. Obesity-associated chronic tissue inflammation is a key contributing factor to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and a number of studies have clearly demonstrated that the immune system and metabolism are highly integrated. Recent advances in deciphering the various cellular and signaling networks that participate in linking the immune and metabolic systems together have contributed to understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and may also inform new therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation. Here we discuss how these various networks underlie the etiology of the inflammatory component of insulin resistance, with a particular focus on the central roles of macrophages in adipose tissue and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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24
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Gutierrez DA, Hasty AH. Haematopoietic leptin receptor deficiency does not affect macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue or systemic insulin sensitivity. J Endocrinol 2012; 212:343-51. [PMID: 22194312 PMCID: PMC3381898 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adipokine leptin is primarily produced by white adipose tissue (AT) and is a potent monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant in vitro. The long form of the leptin receptor (LepR) is required for monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis towards leptin. In this study, we examined the effects of haematopoietic LepR as well as LepR with C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) deficiency (double knockout (DKO)) on macrophage recruitment to AT after two different periods of high fat diet (HFD) feeding. Briefly, 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with bone marrow (BM) from Lepr(+/+), Lepr(-/-) or DKO donors (groups named BM-Lepr(+/+), BM-Lepr(-/-) and BM-DKO respectively), and were placed on an HFD for 6 or 12 weeks. At the end of the study, macrophage infiltration and the inflammatory state of AT were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR, histology and flow cytometry. In addition, glucose and insulin tolerance were assessed at both time points. Our results showed no differences in macrophage accumulation or AT inflammatory state between the BM-Lepr(+/+) and BM-Lepr(-/-) mice after 6 or 12 weeks of HFD feeding; any effects observed in the BM-DKO were attributed to the haematopoietic deficiency of CCR2. In addition, no changes in glucose or insulin tolerance were observed between groups after either period of HFD feeding. Our findings suggest that although leptin is a potent chemoattractant in vitro, haematopoietic LepR deficiency does not affect macrophage accumulation in AT in early to moderate stages of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Corresponding Author Alyssa H. Hasty Room 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0615 Phone: 615-322-5177 Fax: 615-322-8973
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Impact of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α deficiency on atherosclerotic lesion formation, hepatic steatosis, and adipose tissue expansion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31508. [PMID: 22359597 PMCID: PMC3281060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (CCL3) plays a well-known role in infectious and viral diseases; however, its contribution to atherosclerotic lesion formation and lipid metabolism has not been determined. Low density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR−/−) mice were transplanted with bone marrow from CCL3−/− or C57BL/6 wild type donors. After 6 and 12 weeks on western diet (WD), recipients of CCL3−/− marrow demonstrated lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to recipients of C57BL/6 marrow. Atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly lower in female CCL3−/− recipients after 6 weeks and in male CCL3−/− recipients after 12 weeks of WD feeding (P<0.05). Surprisingly, male CCL3−/− recipients had a 50% decrease in adipose tissue mass after WD-feeding, and plasma insulin, and leptin levels were also significantly lower. These results were specific to CCL3, as LDLR−/− recipients of monocyte chemoattractant protein−/− (CCL2) marrow were not protected from the metabolic consequences of high fat feeding. Despite these improvements in LDLR−/− recipients of CCL3−/− marrow in the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model, double knockout mice, globally deficient in both proteins, did not have decreased body weight, plasma lipids, or atherosclerosis compared with LDLR−/− controls. Finally, there were no differences in myeloid progenitors or leukocyte populations, indicating that changes in body weight and plasma lipids in CCL3−/− recipients was not due to differences in hematopoiesis. Taken together, these data implicate a role for CCL3 in lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice following hematopoietic reconstitution.
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Gutierrez DA, Kennedy A, Orr JS, Anderson EK, Webb CD, Gerrald WK, Hasty AH. Aberrant accumulation of undifferentiated myeloid cells in the adipose tissue of CCR2-deficient mice delays improvements in insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2011; 60:2820-9. [PMID: 21926275 PMCID: PMC3198070 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mice with CCR2 deficiency are protected from insulin resistance but only after long periods of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, despite the virtual absence of circulating inflammatory monocytes. We performed a time course study in mice with hematopoietic and global CCR2 deficiency to determine adipose tissue-specific mechanisms for the delayed impact of CCR2 deficiency on insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mice with global or hematopoietic CCR2 deficiency (CCR2(-/-) and BM-CCR2(-/-), respectively) and wild-type controls (CCR2(+/+) and BM-CCR2(+/+), respectively) were placed on an HFD for 6, 12, and 20 weeks. Adipose tissue myeloid populations, degree of inflammation, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were assessed. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that two different populations of F4/80(+) myeloid cells (CD11b(lo)F4/80(lo) and CD11b(hi)F4/80(hi)) accumulated in the adipose tissue of CCR2(-/-) and BM-CCR2(-/-) mice after 6 and 12 weeks of HFD feeding, whereas only the CD11b(hi)F4/80(hi) population was detected in the CCR2(+/+) and BM-CCR2(+/+) controls. After 20 weeks of HFD feeding, the CD11b(lo)F4/80(lo) cells were no longer present in the adipose tissue of CCR2(-/-) mice, and only then were improvements in adipose tissue inflammation detected. Gene expression and histological analysis of the CD11b(lo)F4/80(lo) cells indicated that they are a unique undifferentiated monocytic inflammatory population. The CD11b(lo)F4/80(lo) cells are transiently found in wild-type mice, but CCR2 deficiency leads to the aberrant accumulation of these cells in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of this novel adipose tissue monocytic cell population provides advances toward understanding the pleiotropic role of CCR2 in monocyte/macrophage accumulation and regulation of adipose tissue inflammation.
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Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N, Claycombe KJ. Immunity as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:26-34. [PMID: 22040698 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem in the United States and worldwide. Further, obesity is causally linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes (T2D). A chronic low-grade inflammation occurring in adipose tissue is at least in part responsible for the obesity-induced insulin resistance. This adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by changes in immune cell populations giving rise to altered adipo/cytokine profiles, which in turn induces skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin resistance. Detailed molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammation and the implications of these findings on therapeutic strategies are discussed in this review.
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28
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Neumeier M, Bauer S, Brühl H, Eisinger K, Kopp A, Abke S, Walter R, Schäffler A, Buechler C. Adiponectin stimulates release of CCL2, -3, -4 and -5 while the surface abundance of CCR2 and -5 is simultaneously reduced in primary human monocytes. Cytokine 2011; 56:573-80. [PMID: 21890375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adipokine adiponectin is well known to affect the function of immune cells and upregulation of CCL2 by adiponectin in monocytes/macrophages has already been reported. In the current study the effect of adiponectin on CCL2, -3, -4, and -5 and their corresponding receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5 has been analyzed. Adiponectin elevates mRNA and protein of the CC chemokines in primary human monocytes. Simultaneously the surface abundance of CCR2 and CCR5 is reduced while CCR1 is not affected. Downregulation of CCR2 by adiponectin is blocked by a CCR2 antagonist although expression of the CCL2 regulated genes CCR2 and TGF-beta 1 is not altered in the adiponectin-incubated monocytes. CCL2, -3, and -5 concentrations measured in supernatants of monocytes of normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW), and type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients positively correlate with BMI and are increased in obesity and T2D. In contrast CCL4 is similarly abundant in the supernatants of all of these monocytes. The degree of adiponectin-mediated induction of the chemokines CCL3, -4, and -5 negatively correlates with their basal levels and upregulation of CCL3 and CCL5 is significantly impaired in OW and T2D cells. Serum concentrations of these chemokines are almost equal in the three groups and do not correlate with the levels in monocyte supernatants. In conclusion these data demonstrate that adiponectin stimulates release of CCL2 to CCL5 in primary human monocytes, and induction in cells of overweight probands is partly impaired. Adiponectin also lowers surface abundance of CCR2 and CCR5 and downregulation of CCR2 seems to depend on autocrine/paracrine effects of CCL2.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/pharmacology
- Adult
- Aged
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/blood
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL3/blood
- Chemokine CCL3/genetics
- Chemokine CCL3/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL4/blood
- Chemokine CCL4/genetics
- Chemokine CCL4/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL5/blood
- Chemokine CCL5/genetics
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Overweight/blood
- Overweight/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Subcellular Fractions/drug effects
- Subcellular Fractions/immunology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Georgi MK, Vigilance J, Dewar AM, Frame MD. Terminal arteriolar network structure/function and plasma cytokine levels in db/db and ob/ob mouse skeletal muscle. Microcirculation 2011; 18:238-51. [PMID: 21418374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the terminal arteriolar network structure and function in relation to circulating plasma cytokine levels in db/db, ob/ob, and their genetic background control, C57/bl6, mice. METHODS Arteriolar network size and erythrocyte distribution were observed in the resting cremaster muscle (n = 45, pentobarbital 50 mg/kg i.p.). Structural remodeling and inflammatory state were related to 21 plasma cytokine levels. RESULTS db/db networks were shorter, had fewer branches, and smaller diameters than C57/bl6 controls. ob/ob networks were longer, with similar branch numbers, however with non-uniform diameters. Shunting of erythrocytes to the specific terminal arteriolar branches of the network (functional rarefaction) was prominent in db/db and ob/ob, with further evidence of shunting between networks seen as no flow to 50% of ob/ob arteriolar networks. CONCLUSIONS Altered levels of plasma cytokines are consistent with structural remodeling seen in db/db, and a pro-inflammatory state for both db/db and ob/ob. Differences in network structure alone predict overall reduced uniform oxygen delivery in db/db or ob/ob. Shunting probably increases heterogeneous oxygen delivery and is strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Georgi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281, USA
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30
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Kalupahana NS, Claycombe KJ, Moustaid-Moussa N. (n-3) Fatty acids alleviate adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance: mechanistic insights. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:304-16. [PMID: 22332072 PMCID: PMC3125680 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome, a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation occurring in the adipose tissue of obese individuals is causally linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Although the exact trigger of this inflammatory process is unknown, adipose tissue hypoxia, endoplasmic reticular stress, and saturated fatty acid-mediated activation of innate immune processes have been identified as important processes in these disorders. Furthermore, macrophages and T lymphocytes have important roles in orchestrating this immune process. Although energy restriction leading to weight loss is the primary dietary intervention to reverse these obesity-associated metabolic disorders, other interventions targeted at alleviating adipose tissue inflammation have not been explored in detail. In this regard, (n-3) PUFA of marine origin both prevent and reverse high-fat-diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in rodents. We provide an update on the pathogenesis of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity and discuss potential mechanisms by which (n-3) PUFA prevent and reverse these changes and the implications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan S. Kalupahana
- The University of Tennessee (UT) Obesity Research Center, Knoxville, TN 37996
- Department of Animal Science, Knoxville, TN 37996
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Kate J. Claycombe
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58201
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- The University of Tennessee (UT) Obesity Research Center, Knoxville, TN 37996
- Department of Animal Science, Knoxville, TN 37996
- UT Extension Family and Consumer Sciences Department, Family and Consumer Sciences, Knoxville, TN 37996
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31
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Dalmas E, Clément K, Guerre-Millo M. Defining macrophage phenotype and function in adipose tissue. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:307-14. [PMID: 21616718 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation is thought to mediate the effects of increased adipose tissue mass on metabolic comorbidity. Of the different cell types that contribute to obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue, this review focuses on macrophages and their monocytes precursors. Mechanisms for monocyte recruitment to adipose tissue, and how both monocytes and macrophages are phenotypically modified in this environment in response to increasing fat mass, are considered. The versatile phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages might contribute not only to inflammatory and metabolic alterations, but could also help to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis in the setting of obesity.
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