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Isaac R, Bandyopadhyay G, Rohm TV, Kang S, Wang J, Pokhrel N, Sakane S, Zapata R, Libster AM, Vinik Y, Berhan A, Kisseleva T, Borok Z, Zick Y, Telese F, Webster NJG, Olefsky JM. TM7SF3 controls TEAD1 splicing to prevent MASH-induced liver fibrosis. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00123-2. [PMID: 38670107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and the development of liver fibrosis are not fully understood. Here, we show that deletion of a nuclear seven transmembrane protein, TM7SF3, accelerates HSC activation in liver organoids, primary human HSCs, and in vivo in metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) mice, leading to activation of the fibrogenic program and HSC proliferation. Thus, TM7SF3 knockdown promotes alternative splicing of the Hippo pathway transcription factor, TEAD1, by inhibiting the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU). This results in the exclusion of the inhibitory exon 5, generating a more active form of TEAD1 and triggering HSC activation. Furthermore, inhibiting TEAD1 alternative splicing with a specific antisense oligomer (ASO) deactivates HSCs in vitro and reduces MASH diet-induced liver fibrosis. In conclusion, by inhibiting TEAD1 alternative splicing, TM7SF3 plays a pivotal role in mitigating HSC activation and the progression of MASH-related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Theresa V Rohm
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sion Kang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jinyue Wang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Narayan Pokhrel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizaldy Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avraham M Libster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Asres Berhan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Rohm TV, Castellani Gomes Dos Reis F, Isaac R, Murphy C, Cunha E Rocha K, Bandyopadhyay G, Gao H, Libster AM, Zapata RC, Lee YS, Ying W, Miciano C, Wang A, Olefsky JM. Adipose tissue macrophages secrete small extracellular vesicles that mediate rosiglitazone-induced insulin sensitization. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01023-w. [PMID: 38605183 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic continues to worsen worldwide, driving metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone (Rosi), are PPARγ agonists that promote 'M2-like' adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) polarization and cause insulin sensitization. As ATM-derived small extracellular vesicles (ATM-sEVs) from lean mice are known to increase insulin sensitivity, we assessed the metabolic effects of ATM-sEVs from Rosi-treated obese male mice (Rosi-ATM-sEVs). Here we show that Rosi leads to improved glucose and insulin tolerance, transcriptional repolarization of ATMs and increased sEV secretion. Administration of Rosi-ATM-sEVs rescues obesity-induced glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in vivo without the known thiazolidinedione-induced adverse effects of weight gain or haemodilution. Rosi-ATM-sEVs directly increase insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, myotubes and primary mouse and human hepatocytes. Additionally, we demonstrate that the miRNAs within Rosi-ATM-sEVs, primarily miR-690, are responsible for these beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, using ATM-sEVs with specific miRNAs may provide a therapeutic path to induce insulin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V Rohm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cairo Murphy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karina Cunha E Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Avraham M Libster
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Charlene Miciano
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Cunha E Rocha K, Ying W, Olefsky JM. Exosome-Mediated Impact on Systemic Metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:225-253. [PMID: 38345906 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). They are released by all cell types and can be found not only in circulation but in many biological fluids. Exosomes are essential for interorgan communication because they can transfer their contents from donor to recipient cells, modulating cellular functions. The miRNA content of exosomes is responsible for most of their biological effects, and changes in exosomal miRNA levels can contribute to the progression or regression of metabolic diseases. As exosomal miRNAs are selectively sorted and packaged into exosomes, they can be useful as biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. The field of exosomes and metabolism is expanding rapidly, and researchers are consistently making new discoveries in this area. As a result, exosomes have great potential for a next-generation drug delivery platform for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cunha E Rocha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
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4
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Frei MS, Sanchez SA, Liu L, Schneider F, Wang Z, Hakozaki H, Li Y, Lyons AC, Rohm TV, Olefsky JM, Shi L, Schöneberg J, Fraser SE, Mehta S, Wang Y, Zhang J. Far-red chemigenetic biosensors for multi-dimensional and super-resolved kinase activity imaging. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.10.579766. [PMID: 38370804 PMCID: PMC10871310 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.579766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors revolutionized biomedical science by enabling the direct measurement of signaling activities in living cells, yet the current technology is limited in resolution and dimensionality. Here, we introduce highly sensitive chemigenetic kinase activity biosensors that combine the genetically encodable self-labeling protein tag HaloTag7 with bright far-red-emitting synthetic fluorophores. This technology enables five-color biosensor multiplexing, 4D activity imaging, and functional super-resolution imaging via stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Frei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha A. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Longwei Liu
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Falk Schneider
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yajuan Li
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne C. Lyons
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Theresa V. Rohm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Schöneberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Domalpally A, Whittier SA, Pan Q, Dabelea DM, Darwin CH, Knowler WC, Lee CG, Luchsinger JA, White NH, Chew EY, Gadde KM, Culbert IW, Arceneaux J, Chatellier A, Dragg A, Champagne CM, Duncan C, Eberhardt B, Greenway F, Guillory FG, Herbert AA, Jeffirs ML, Kennedy BM, Levy E, Lockett M, Lovejoy JC, Morris LH, Melancon LE, Ryan DH, Sanford DA, Smith KG, Smith LL, St.Amant JA, Tulley RT, Vicknair PC, Williamson D, Zachwieja JJ, Polonsky KS, Tobian J, Ehrmann DA, Matulik MJ, Temple KA, Clark B, Czech K, DeSandre C, Dotson B, Hilbrich R, McNabb W, Semenske AR, Caro JF, Furlong K, Goldstein BJ, Watson PG, Smith KA, Mendoza J, Simmons M, Wildman W, Liberoni R, Spandorfer J, Pepe C, Donahue RP, Goldberg RB, Prineas R, Calles J, Giannella A, Rowe P, Sanguily J, Cassanova-Romero P, Castillo-Florez S, Florez HJ, Garg R, Kirby L, Lara O, Larreal C, McLymont V, Mendez J, Perry A, Saab P, Veciana B, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Montez MG, Hattaway K, Isaac J, Lorenzo C, Martinez A, Salazar M, Walker T, Hamman RF, Nash PV, Steinke SC, Testaverde L, Truong J, Anderson DR, Ballonoff LB, Bouffard A, Bucca B, Calonge BN, Delve L, Farago M, Hill JO, Hoyer SR, Jenkins T, Jortberg BT, Lenz D, Miller M, Nilan T, Perreault L, Price DW, Regensteiner JG, Schroeder EB, Seagle H, Smith CM, VanDorsten B, Horton ES, Munshi M, Lawton KE, Jackson SD, Poirier CS, Swift K, Arky RA, Bryant M, Burke JP, Caballero E, Callaphan KM, Fargnoli B, Franklin T, Ganda OP, Guidi A, Guido M, Jacobsen AM, Kula LM, Kocal M, Lambert L, Ledbury S, Malloy MA, Middelbeek RJ, Nicosia M, Oldmixon CF, Pan J, Quitingon M, Rainville R, Rubtchinsky S, Seely EW, Sansoucy J, Schweizer D, Simonson D, Smith F, Solomon CG, Spellman J, Warram J, Kahn SE, Fattaleh B, Montgomery BK, Colegrove C, Fujimoto W, Knopp RH, Lipkin EW, Marr M, Morgan-Taggart I, Murillo A, O’Neal K, Trence D, Taylor L, Thomas A, Tsai EC, Dagogo-Jack S, Kitabchi AE, Murphy ME, Taylor L, Dolgoff J, Applegate WB, Bryer-Ash M, Clark D, Frieson SL, Ibebuogu U, Imseis R, Lambeth H, Lichtermann LC, Oktaei H, Ricks H, Rutledge LM, Sherman AR, Smith CM, Soberman JE, Williams-Cleaves B, Patel A, Nyenwe EA, Hampton EF, Metzger BE, Molitch ME, Johnson MK, Adelman DT, Behrends C, Cook M, Fitzgibbon M, Giles MM, Heard D, Johnson CK, Larsen D, Lowe A, Lyman M, McPherson D, Penn SC, Pitts T, Reinhart R, Roston S, Schinleber PA, Wallia A, Nathan DM, McKitrick C, Turgeon H, Larkin M, Mugford M, Abbott K, Anderson E, Bissett L, Bondi K, Cagliero E, Florez JC, Delahanty L, Goldman V, Grassa E, Gurry L, D’Anna K, Leandre F, Lou P, Poulos A, Raymond E, Ripley V, Stevens C, Tseng B, Olefsky JM, Barrett-Connor E, Mudaliar S, Araneta MR, Carrion-Petersen ML, Vejvoda K, Bassiouni S, Beltran M, Claravall LN, Dowden JM, Edelman SV, Garimella P, Henry RR, Horne J, Lamkin M, Janesch SS, Leos D, Polonsky W, Ruiz R, Smith J, Torio-Hurley J, Pi-Sunyer FX, Lee JE, Hagamen S, Allison DB, Agharanya N, Aronoff NJ, Baldo M, Crandall JP, Foo ST, Luchsinger JA, Pal C, Parkes K, Pena MB, Rooney ES, Van Wye GE, Viscovich KA, de Groot M, Marrero DG, Mather KJ, Prince MJ, Kelly SM, Jackson MA, McAtee G, Putenney P, Ackermann RT, Cantrell CM, Dotson YF, Fineberg ES, Fultz M, Guare JC, Hadden A, Ignaut JM, Kirkman MS, Phillips EO, Pinner KL, Porter BD, Roach PJ, Rowland ND, Wheeler ML, Aroda V, Magee M, Ratner RE, Youssef G, Shapiro S, Andon N, Bavido-Arrage C, Boggs G, Bronsord M, Brown E, Love Burkott H, Cheatham WW, Cola S, Evans C, Gibbs P, Kellum T, Leon L, Lagarda M, Levatan C, Lindsay M, Nair AK, Park J, Passaro M, Silverman A, Uwaifo G, Wells-Thayer D, Wiggins R, Saad MF, Watson K, Budget M, Jinagouda S, Botrous M, Sosa A, Tadros S, Akbar K, Conzues C, Magpuri P, Ngo K, Rassam A, Waters D, Xapthalamous K, Santiago JV, Brown AL, Das S, Khare-Ranade P, Stich T, Santiago A, Fisher E, Hurt E, Jones T, Kerr M, Ryder L, Wernimont C, Golden SH, Saudek CD, Bradley V, Sullivan E, Whittington T, Abbas C, Allen A, Brancati FL, Cappelli S, Clark JM, Charleston JB, Freel J, Horak K, Greene A, Jiggetts D, Johnson D, Joseph H, Loman K, Mathioudakis N, Mosley H, Reusing J, Rubin RR, Samuels A, Shields T, Stephens S, Stewart KJ, Thomas L, Utsey E, Williamson P, Schade DS, Adams KS, Canady JL, Johannes C, Hemphill C, Hyde P, Atler LF, Boyle PJ, Burge MR, Chai L, Colleran K, Fondino A, Gonzales Y, Hernandez-McGinnis DA, Katz P, King C, Middendorf J, Rubinchik S, Senter W, Crandall J, Shamoon H, Brown JO, Trandafirescu G, Powell D, Adorno E, Cox L, Duffy H, Engel S, Friedler A, Goldstein A, Howard-Century CJ, Lukin J, Kloiber S, Longchamp N, Martinez H, Pompi D, Scheindlin J, Violino E, Walker EA, Wylie-Rosett J, Zimmerman E, Zonszein J, Orchard T, Venditti E, Wing RR, Jeffries S, Koenning G, Kramer MK, Smith M, Barr S, Benchoff C, Boraz M, Clifford L, Culyba R, Frazier M, Gilligan R, Guimond S, Harrier S, Harris L, Kriska A, Manjoo Q, Mullen M, Noel A, Otto A, Pettigrew J, Rockette-Wagner B, Rubinstein D, Semler L, Smith CF, Weinzierl V, Williams KV, Wilson T, Mau MK, Baker-Ladao NK, Melish JS, Arakaki RF, Latimer RW, Isonaga MK, Beddow R, Bermudez NE, Dias L, Inouye J, Mikami K, Mohideen P, Odom SK, Perry RU, Yamamoto RE, Anderson H, Cooeyate N, Dodge C, Hoskin MA, Percy CA, Enote A, Natewa C, Acton KJ, Andre VL, Barber R, Begay S, Bennett PH, Benson MB, Bird EC, Broussard BA, Bucca BC, Chavez M, Cook S, Curtis J, Dacawyma T, Doughty MS, Duncan R, Edgerton C, Ghahate JM, Glass J, Glass M, Gohdes D, Grant W, Hanson RL, Horse E, Ingraham LE, Jackson M, Jay P, Kaskalla RS, Kavena K, Kessler D, Kobus KM, Krakoff J, Kurland J, Manus C, McCabe C, Michaels S, Morgan T, Nashboo Y, Nelson JA, Poirier S, Polczynski E, Piromalli C, Reidy M, Roumain J, Rowse D, Roy RJ, Sangster S, Sewenemewa J, Smart M, Spencer C, Tonemah D, Williams R, Wilson C, Yazzie M, Bain R, Fowler S, Temprosa M, Larsen MD, Brenneman T, Edelstein SL, Abebe S, Bamdad J, Barkalow M, Bethepu J, Bezabeh T, Bowers A, Butler N, Callaghan J, Carter CE, Christophi C, Dwyer GM, Foulkes M, Gao Y, Gooding R, Gottlieb A, Grimes KL, Grover-Fairchild N, Haffner L, Hoffman H, Jablonski K, Jones S, Jones TL, Katz R, Kolinjivadi P, Lachin JM, Ma Y, Mucik P, Orlosky R, Reamer S, Rochon J, Sapozhnikova A, Sherif H, Stimpson C, Hogan Tjaden A, Walker-Murray F, Venditti EM, Kriska AM, Weinzierl V, Marcovina S, Aldrich FA, Harting J, Albers J, Strylewicz G, Eastman R, Fradkin J, Garfield S, Lee C, Gregg E, Zhang P, O’Leary D, Evans G, Budoff M, Dailing C, Stamm E, Schwartz A, Navy C, Palermo L, Rautaharju P, Prineas RJ, Alexander T, Campbell C, Hall S, Li Y, Mills M, Pemberton N, Rautaharju F, Zhang Z, Soliman EZ, Hu J, Hensley S, Keasler L, Taylor T, Blodi B, Danis R, Davis M, Hubbard* L, Endres** R, Elsas** D, Johnson** S, Myers** D, Barrett N, Baumhauer H, Benz W, Cohn H, Corkery E, Dohm K, Gama V, Goulding A, Ewen A, Hurtenbach C, Lawrence D, McDaniel K, Pak J, Reimers J, Shaw R, Swift M, Vargo P, Watson S, Manly J, Mayer-Davis E, Moran RR, Ganiats T, David K, Sarkin AJ, Groessl E, Katzir N, Chong H, Herman WH, Brändle M, Brown MB, Altshuler D, Billings LK, Chen L, Harden M, Knowler WC, Pollin TI, Shuldiner AR, Franks PW, Hivert MF. Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:140-147. [PMID: 36547967 PMCID: PMC9936345 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness with no treatment available for early stages. Retrospective studies have shown an association between metformin and reduced risk of AMD. Objective To investigate the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design, Setting, and Participants The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study is a cross-sectional follow-up phase of a large multicenter randomized clinical trial, Diabetes Prevention Program (1996-2001), to investigate the association of treatment with metformin or an intensive lifestyle modification vs placebo with preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes in a population at high risk for developing diabetes. Participants with retinal imaging at a follow-up visit 16 years posttrial (2017-2019) were included. Analysis took place between October 2019 and May 2022. Interventions Participants were randomly distributed between 3 interventional arms: lifestyle, metformin, and placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of AMD in the treatment arms. Results Of 1592 participants, 514 (32.3%) were in the lifestyle arm, 549 (34.5%) were in the metformin arm, and 529 (33.2%) were in the placebo arm. All 3 arms were balanced for baseline characteristics including age (mean [SD] age at randomization, 49 [9] years), sex (1128 [71%] male), race and ethnicity (784 [49%] White), smoking habits, body mass index, and education level. AMD was identified in 479 participants (30.1%); 229 (14.4%) had early AMD, 218 (13.7%) had intermediate AMD, and 32 (2.0%) had advanced AMD. There was no significant difference in the presence of AMD between the 3 groups: 152 (29.6%) in the lifestyle arm, 165 (30.2%) in the metformin arm, and 162 (30.7%) in the placebo arm. There was also no difference in the distribution of early, intermediate, and advanced AMD between the intervention groups. Mean duration of metformin use was similar for those with and without AMD (mean [SD], 8.0 [9.3] vs 8.5 [9.3] years; P = .69). In the multivariate models, history of smoking was associated with increased risks of AMD (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.61; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance These data suggest neither metformin nor lifestyle changes initiated for diabetes prevention were associated with the risk of any AMD, with similar results for AMD severity. Duration of metformin use was also not associated with AMD. This analysis does not address the association of metformin with incidence or progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Domalpally
- Wisconsin Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public and Health, Madison
| | - Samuel A. Whittier
- Wisconsin Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public and Health, Madison
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Dana M. Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Denver
| | - Christine H. Darwin
- Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - William C. Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Christine G. Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jose A. Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Neil H. White
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications–Clinical Trials Branch, National Eye Institute - National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber Dragg
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Crystal Duncan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Frank Greenway
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Erma Levy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Monica Lockett
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Donna H. Ryan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Lisa L. Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Janet Tobian
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Bart Clark
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kirsten Czech
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Wylie McNabb
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Jose F. Caro
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kevin Furlong
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Jewel Mendoza
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marsha Simmons
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Wendi Wildman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Renee Liberoni
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Constance Pepe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Ronald Prineas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Anna Giannella
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Patricia Rowe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajesh Garg
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Olga Lara
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carmen Larreal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Jadell Mendez
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Arlette Perry
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Patrice Saab
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Bertha Veciana
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Kathy Hattaway
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Juan Isaac
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Monica Salazar
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tatiana Walker
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Bucca
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - B. Ned Calonge
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lynne Delve
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Martha Farago
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - James O. Hill
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Tonya Jenkins
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Dione Lenz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marsha Miller
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Thomas Nilan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - David W. Price
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Helen Seagle
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Medha Munshi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Kati Swift
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ronald A. Arky
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Om P. Ganda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ashley Guidi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Mathew Guido
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Lyn M. Kula
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Margaret Kocal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lori Lambert
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sarah Ledbury
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Jocelyn Pan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Ellen W. Seely
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Dana Schweizer
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Fannie Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - James Warram
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Basma Fattaleh
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Marr
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Anne Murillo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kayla O’Neal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dace Trence
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lonnese Taylor
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - April Thomas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Elaine C. Tsai
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mary E. Murphy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Laura Taylor
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Debra Clark
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Uzoma Ibebuogu
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Raed Imseis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Helen Lambeth
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Hooman Oktaei
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Harriet Ricks
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Amy R. Sherman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Clara M. Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Avnisha Patel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Cook
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Mimi M. Giles
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Deloris Heard
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Diane Larsen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Anne Lowe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Megan Lyman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Samsam C. Penn
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Thomas Pitts
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Renee Reinhart
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Roston
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Amisha Wallia
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Mary Larkin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Kathy Abbott
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ellen Anderson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Laurie Bissett
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kristy Bondi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Jose C. Florez
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Elaine Grassa
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lindsery Gurry
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kali D’Anna
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Peter Lou
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Elyse Raymond
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Valerie Ripley
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Beverly Tseng
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Vejvoda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javiva Horne
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marycie Lamkin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Diana Leos
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Rosa Ruiz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jean Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Jane E. Lee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Hagamen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Maria Baldo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Sandra T. Foo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Carmen Pal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kathy Parkes
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Mary Beth Pena
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Mary de Groot
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Susie M. Kelly
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Gina McAtee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Paula Putenney
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Megan Fultz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - John C. Guare
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Angela Hadden
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Kisha L Pinner
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Paris J. Roach
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Vanita Aroda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Michelle Magee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Sue Shapiro
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Natalie Andon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Cola
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Cindy Evans
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Peggy Gibbs
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tracy Kellum
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lilia Leon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Milvia Lagarda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Asha K. Nair
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jean Park
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Gabriel Uwaifo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Renee Wiggins
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Karol Watson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Maria Budget
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Medhat Botrous
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Anthony Sosa
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sameh Tadros
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Khan Akbar
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Kathy Ngo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Amer Rassam
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Debra Waters
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Samia Das
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Tamara Stich
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ana Santiago
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Edwin Fisher
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Emma Hurt
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tracy Jones
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Michelle Kerr
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lucy Ryder
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Sullivan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Caroline Abbas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Adrienne Allen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Janice Freel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Alicia Greene
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dawn Jiggetts
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Hope Joseph
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kimberly Loman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Henry Mosley
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - John Reusing
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Alafia Samuels
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Thomas Shields
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - LeeLana Thomas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Evonne Utsey
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Penny Hyde
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mark R. Burge
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Chai
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ateka Fondino
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ysela Gonzales
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Patricia Katz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carolyn King
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Jill Crandall
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Harry Shamoon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Janet O. Brown
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Elsie Adorno
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Liane Cox
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Helena Duffy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Samuel Engel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lukin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Stacey Kloiber
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Helen Martinez
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dorothy Pompi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Elissa Violino
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Joel Zonszein
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Trevor Orchard
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Rena R. Wing
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Jeffries
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Gaye Koenning
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - M. Kaye Kramer
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marie Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Barr
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Miriam Boraz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Clifford
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Rebecca Culyba
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ryan Gilligan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Susan Harrier
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Louann Harris
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Andrea Kriska
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Monica Mullen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Alicia Noel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Amy Otto
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Linda Semler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Tara Wilson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - John S. Melish
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mae K. Isonaga
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ralph Beddow
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Lorna Dias
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jillian Inouye
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kathy Mikami
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Sharon K. Odom
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary A. Hoskin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carol A. Percy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Alvera Enote
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Camille Natewa
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kelly J. Acton
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Rosalyn Barber
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Shandiin Begay
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Evelyn C. Bird
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Brian C. Bucca
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Sherron Cook
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jeff Curtis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tara Dacawyma
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Roberta Duncan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Cyndy Edgerton
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Justin Glass
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Martia Glass
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dorothy Gohdes
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Wendy Grant
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ellie Horse
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Merry Jackson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Priscilla Jay
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Karen Kavena
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - David Kessler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Jason Kurland
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Cherie McCabe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sara Michaels
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tina Morgan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Steven Poirier
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mike Reidy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Debra Rowse
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Robert J. Roy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Miranda Smart
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Darryl Tonemah
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Raymond Bain
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sarah Fowler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Tina Brenneman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Solome Abebe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Julie Bamdad
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Joel Bethepu
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Anna Bowers
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Nicole Butler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Foulkes
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Yuping Gao
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Robert Gooding
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Lori Haffner
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Steve Jones
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tara L. Jones
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Richard Katz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - John M. Lachin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Yong Ma
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Pamela Mucik
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Robert Orlosky
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Reamer
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - James Rochon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Hanna Sherif
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Albers
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - R. Eastman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Judith Fradkin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Christine Lee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Edward Gregg
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ping Zhang
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dan O’Leary
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Gregory Evans
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Matthew Budoff
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Chris Dailing
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ann Schwartz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Caroline Navy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Palermo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Hall
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Yabing Li
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Margaret Mills
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Zhuming Zhang
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Julie Hu
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Hensley
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Keasler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tonya Taylor
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Barbara Blodi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ronald Danis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Matthew Davis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Larry Hubbard*
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ryan Endres**
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Dawn Myers**
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Nancy Barrett
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Wendy Benz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Holly Cohn
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ellie Corkery
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kristi Dohm
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Vonnie Gama
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Anne Goulding
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Andy Ewen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Kyle McDaniel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jeong Pak
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - James Reimers
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ruth Shaw
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Maria Swift
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Pamela Vargo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sheila Watson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jennifer Manly
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Ted Ganiats
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kristin David
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Erik Groessl
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Naomi Katzir
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Helen Chong
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Chen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Maegan Harden
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Toni I. Pollin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Paul W. Franks
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | |
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6
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Gao H, Jin Z, Bandyopadhyay G, Cunha E Rocha K, Liu X, Zhao H, Zhang D, Jouihan H, Pourshahian S, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA, Ying W, Olefsky JM. MiR-690 treatment causes decreased fibrosis and steatosis and restores specific Kupffer cell functions in NASH. Cell Metab 2022; 34:978-990.e4. [PMID: 35700738 PMCID: PMC9262870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a liver disease associated with significant morbidity. Kupffer cells (KCs) produce endogenous miR-690 and, via exosome secretion, shuttle this miRNA to other liver cells, such as hepatocytes, recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). miR-690 directly inhibits fibrogenesis in HSCs, inflammation in RHMs, and de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes. When an miR-690 mimic is administered to NASH mice in vivo, all the features of the NASH phenotype are robustly inhibited. During the development of NASH, KCs become miR-690 deficient, and miR-690 levels are markedly lower in mouse and human NASH livers than in controls. KC-specific KO of miR-690 promotes NASH pathogenesis. A primary target of miR-690 is NADK mRNA, and NADK levels are inversely proportional to the cellular miR-690 content. These studies show that KCs play a central role in the etiology of NASH and raise the possibility that miR-690 could emerge as a therapeutic for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karina Cunha E Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Huayi Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hani Jouihan
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Soheil Pourshahian
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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7
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Cao M, Isaac R, Yan W, Ruan X, Jiang L, Wan Y, Wang J, Wang E, Caron C, Neben S, Drygin D, Pizzo DP, Wu X, Liu X, Chin AR, Fong MY, Gao Z, Guo K, Fadare O, Schwab RB, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Mortimer J, Zhong W, Ying W, Bui JD, Sears DD, Olefsky JM, Wang SE. Cancer-cell-secreted extracellular vesicles suppress insulin secretion through miR-122 to impair systemic glucose homeostasis and contribute to tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:954-967. [PMID: 35637408 PMCID: PMC9233030 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between breast cancer (BC) and systemic dysregulation of glucose metabolism. However, how BC influences glucose homeostasis remains unknown. We show that BC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suppress pancreatic insulin secretion to impair glucose homeostasis. EV-encapsulated miR-122 targets PKM in β-cells to suppress glycolysis and ATP-dependent insulin exocytosis. Mice receiving high-miR-122 EVs or bearing BC tumours exhibit suppressed insulin secretion, enhanced endogenous glucose production, impaired glucose tolerance and fasting hyperglycaemia. These effects contribute to tumour growth and are abolished by inhibiting EV secretion or miR-122, restoring PKM in β-cells or supplementing insulin. Compared with non-cancer controls, patients with BC have higher levels of circulating EV-encapsulated miR-122 and fasting glucose concentrations but lower fasting insulin; miR-122 levels are positively associated with glucose and negatively associated with insulin. Therefore, EV-mediated impairment of whole-body glycaemic control may contribute to tumour progression and incidence of type 2 diabetes in some patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cao
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Roi Isaac
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Yuhao Wan
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Jessica Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Christine Caron
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Steven Neben
- Regulus Therapeutics Inc.; San Diego, CA 92121; USA
| | - Denis Drygin
- Regulus Therapeutics Inc.; San Diego, CA 92121; USA
| | - Donald P. Pizzo
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Andrew R. Chin
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Miranda Y. Fong
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA 92521; USA
| | - Kaizhu Guo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA 92521; USA
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Richard B. Schwab
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Susan E. Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA 92521; USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Jack D. Bui
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
- College of Health Solutions; Arizona State University; Phoenix, AZ 85004; USA
- Department of Family Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
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8
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Salomon C, Das S, Erdbrügger U, Kalluri R, Kiang Lim S, Olefsky JM, Rice GE, Sahoo S, Andy Tao W, Vader P, Wang Q, Weaver AM. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emerging Roles as Cellular Messengers in Endocrinology: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:441-468. [PMID: 35552682 PMCID: PMC10686249 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been great interest in elucidating the biological role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly, their hormone-like role in cell-to-cell communication. The field of endocrinology is uniquely placed to provide insight into the functions of EVs, which are secreted from all cells into biological fluids and carry endocrine signals to engage in paracellular and distal interactions. EVs are a heterogeneous population of membrane-bound vesicles of varying size, content, and bioactivity. EVs are specifically packaged with signaling molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and are released via exocytosis into biofluid compartments. EVs regulate the activity of both proximal and distal target cells, including translational activity, metabolism, growth, and development. As such, EVs signaling represents an integral pathway mediating intercellular communication. Moreover, as the content of EVs is cell-type specific, it is a "fingerprint" of the releasing cell and its metabolic status. Recently, changes in the profile of EV and bioactivity have been described in several endocrine-related conditions including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The goal of this statement is to highlight relevant aspects of EV research and their potential role in the field of endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity 2022; 55:31-55. [PMID: 35021057 PMCID: PMC8773457 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 197.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state contributes to long-term complications of diabetes, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and nephropathy, and may underlie the association of type 2 diabetes with other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in obesity, T2D, and related disorders. We discuss how chronic tissue inflammation results in IR, impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance, and T2D and review the effect of inflammation on diabetic complications and on the relationship between T2D and other pathologies. In this context, we discuss current therapeutic options for the treatment of metabolic disease, advances in the clinic and the potential of immune-modulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V. Rohm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel T. Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marc Y. Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Correspondence:
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10
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Isaac R, Reis FCG, Ying W, Olefsky JM. Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1744-1762. [PMID: 34496230 PMCID: PMC8428804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted, exosomes gain access to the interstitial space and ultimately the circulation, where they exert local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Because of this, exosomes are important components of an intercellular and intraorgan communication system capable of carrying biologic signals from one cell type or tissue to another. The exosomal cargo consists of proteins, lipids, miRNAs, and other RNA species, and many of the biologic effects of exosomes have been attributed to miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs have also been used as disease biomarkers. The field of exosome biology and metabolism is rapidly expanding, with new discoveries and reports appearing on a regular basis, and it is possible that potential therapeutic approaches for the use of exosomes or miRNAs in metabolic diseases will be initiated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Castellani Gomes Reis
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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11
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Ji Y, Luo Z, Gao H, Dos Reis FCG, Bandyopadhyay G, Jin Z, Manda KA, Isaac R, Yang M, Fu W, Ying W, Olefsky JM. Hepatocyte-derived exosomes from early onset obese mice promote insulin sensitivity through miR-3075. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1163-1174. [PMID: 34489604 PMCID: PMC8460610 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In chronic obesity, hepatocytes become insulin resistant and exert important effects on systemic metabolism. Here we show that in early onset obesity (4 weeks high-fat diet), hepatocytes secrete exosomes that enhance insulin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. These beneficial effects were due to exosomal microRNA miR-3075, which is enriched in these hepatocyte exosomes. FA2H is a direct target of miR-3075 and small interfering RNA depletion of FA2H in adipocytes, myocytes and primary hepatocytes leads to increased insulin sensitivity. In chronic obesity (16-18 weeks of a high-fat diet), hepatocyte exosomes promote a state of insulin resistance. These chronic obese hepatocyte exosomes do not directly cause impaired insulin signalling in vitro but do promote proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Taken together, these studies show that in early onset obesity, hepatocytes produce exosomes that express high levels of the insulin-sensitizing miR-3075. In chronic obesity, this compensatory effect is lost and hepatocyte-derived exosomes from chronic obese mice promote insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Ji
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenlong Luo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, the Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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12
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Ying W, Gao H, Dos Reis FCG, Bandyopadhyay G, Ofrecio JM, Luo Z, Ji Y, Jin Z, Ly C, Olefsky JM. MiR-690, an exosomal-derived miRNA from M2-polarized macrophages, improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Cell Metab 2021; 33:781-790.e5. [PMID: 33450179 PMCID: PMC8035248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiologic defect in type 2 diabetes and obesity, while anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages are important in maintaining normal metabolic homeostasis. Here, we show that M2 polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) secrete miRNA-containing exosomes (Exos), which improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity when given to obese mice. Depletion of their miRNA cargo blocks the ability of M2 BMDM Exos to enhance insulin sensitivity. We found that miR-690 is highly expressed in M2 BMDM Exos and functions as an insulin sensitizer both in vivo and in vitro. Expressing an miR-690 mimic in miRNA-depleted BMDMs generates Exos that recapitulate the effects of M2 BMDM Exos on metabolic phenotypes. Nadk is a bona fide target mRNA of miR-690, and Nadk plays a role in modulating macrophage inflammation and insulin signaling. Taken together, these data suggest miR-690 could be a new therapeutic insulin-sensitizing agent for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jachelle M Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhenlong Luo
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yudong Ji
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Crystal Ly
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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13
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Paschoal VA, Walenta E, Talukdar S, Pessentheiner AR, Osborn O, Hah N, Chi TJ, Tye GL, Armando AM, Evans RM, Chi NW, Quehenberger O, Olefsky JM, Oh DY. Positive Reinforcing Mechanisms between GPR120 and PPARγ Modulate Insulin Sensitivity. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1173-1188.e5. [PMID: 32413335 PMCID: PMC7337476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and PPARγ agonists each have insulin sensitizing effects. But whether these two pathways functionally interact and can be leveraged together to markedly improve insulin resistance has not been explored. Here, we show that treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) plus the GPR120 agonist Compound A leads to additive effects to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, but at lower doses of Rosi, thus avoiding its known side effects. Mechanistically, we show that GPR120 is a PPARγ target gene in adipocytes, while GPR120 augments PPARγ activity by inducing the endogenous ligand 15d-PGJ2 and by blocking ERK-mediated inhibition of PPARγ. Further, we used macrophage- (MKO) or adipocyte-specific GPR120 KO (AKO) mice to show that GRP120 has anti-inflammatory effects via macrophages while working with PPARγ in adipocytes to increase insulin sensitivity. These results raise the prospect of a safer way to increase insulin sensitization in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Paschoal
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evelyn Walenta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Merck & Co., Inc., SSF, 630 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler J Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George L Tye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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14
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Liang P, Henning SM, Guan J, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Olefsky JM, Cohen P, Aronson WJ. Role of Host GPR120 in Mediating Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Inhibition of Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:52-59. [PMID: 30202902 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GPR120, a G protein-coupled receptor for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 (ω-3) FAs. We investigated whether host or tumor GPR120 plays a role in the anti-prostate cancer effects of ω-3 FAs. Methods MycCap prostate cancer allografts were grown in immunocompetent wild-type (WT) and GPR120 knockout (KO) mice fed ω-3 (fish oil) or ω-6 (corn oil) diets. Immune cell infiltration was quantified by flow cytometry, and gene expression of immune cell markers in isolated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Archived tissue from a fish oil intervention trial was used to correlate gene expression of GPR120 with cell cycle progression (CCP) genes and Ki67 index (n = 11-15 per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results In WT mice (n = 7 per group), dietary ω-3 FAs decreased MycCap allograft tumor growth (mean [SD] final tumor volume ω-6 = 491 [437] mm3 vs ω-3 = 127 [77] mm3, P = .04), whereas in global GPR120KO mice (n = 7 per group) ω-3 FAs had no anticancer effects. Dietary ω-3 FAs inhibited GPR120KO-MycCaP allografts grown in WT mice (n = 8 per group; mean [SD] final tumor volume ω-6 = 776 [767] mm3 vs ω-3 = 36 [34] mm3, P = .02). Omega-3 FA treatment decreased the number of M2-like TAMs in tumor tissue and gene expression of M2 markers in isolated TAMs compared with ω-6 controls in WT (n = 7 per group) but not in GPR120KO mice (n = 7 per group). In human tissue, higher expression of stromal GPR120 correlated with greater reduction in expression of CCP genes in men with prostate cancer on a high-ω-3 diet (r = -.57, P = .04). Conclusions Host GPR120 plays a central role in the anti-prostate cancer effects of dietary ω-3 FAs. Future studies are required to determine if the anticancer effects of ω-3 FAs are mediated through inhibition of M2-like macrophages and if host GPR120 status predicts anticancer effects of dietary ω-3 FAs in men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Johnny Guan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Elashoff
- Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William J Aronson
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,VA Medical Center Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
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15
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Abstract
Chronic, unresolved tissue inflammation is a well-described feature of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other insulin-resistant states. In this context, adipose tissue and liver inflammation have been particularly well studied; however, abundant evidence demonstrates that inflammatory processes are also activated in pancreatic islets from obese animals and humans with obesity and/or T2DM. In this Review, we focus on the characteristics of immune cell-mediated inflammation in islets and the consequences of this with respect to β-cell function. In contrast to type 1 diabetes mellitus, the dominant immune cell type causing inflammation in obese and T2DM islets is the macrophage. The increased macrophage accumulation in T2DM islets primarily arises through local proliferation of resident macrophages, which then provide signals (such as platelet-derived growth factor) that drive β-cell hyperplasia (a classic feature of obesity). In addition, islet macrophages also impair the insulin secretory capacity of β-cells. Through these mechanisms, islet-resident macrophages underlie the inflammatory response in obesity and mechanistically participate in the β-cell hyperplasia and dysfunction that characterizes this insulin-resistant state. These findings point to the possibility of therapeutics that target islet inflammation to elicit beneficial effects on β-cell function and glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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El Ouarrat D, Isaac R, Lee YS, Oh DY, Wollam J, Lackey D, Riopel M, Bandyopadhyay G, Seo JB, Sampath-Kumar R, Olefsky JM. TAZ Is a Negative Regulator of PPARγ Activity in Adipocytes and TAZ Deletion Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Tolerance. Cell Metab 2020; 31:162-173.e5. [PMID: 31708444 PMCID: PMC7784082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major factor in obesity-linked type 2 diabetes. PPARγ is a master regulator of adipogenesis, and small molecule agonists, termed thiazolidinediones, are potent therapeutic insulin sensitizers. Here, we studied the role of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as a transcriptional co-repressor of PPARγ. We found that adipocyte-specific TAZ knockout (TAZ AKO) mice demonstrate a constitutively active PPARγ state. Obese TAZ AKO mice show improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to littermate controls. PPARγ response genes are upregulated in adipose tissue from TAZ AKO mice and adipose tissue inflammation was also decreased. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that the TAZ-PPARγ interaction is partially dependent on ERK-mediated Ser112 PPARγ phosphorylation. As adipocyte PPARγ Ser112 phosphorylation is increased in obesity, repression of PPARγ activity by TAZ could contribute to insulin resistance. These results identify TAZ as a new factor in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila El Ouarrat
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Denise Lackey
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Park C, Cheung KP, Limon N, Costanzo A, Barba C, Miranda N, Gargas S, Johnson AMF, Olefsky JM, Jameson JM. Obesity Modulates Intestinal Intraepithelial T Cell Persistence, CD103 and CCR9 Expression, and Outcome in Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colitis. J I 2019; 203:3427-3435. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Wollam J, Riopel M, Xu YJ, Johnson AMF, Ofrecio JM, Ying W, El Ouarrat D, Chan LS, Han AW, Mahmood NA, Ryan CN, Lee YS, Watrous JD, Chordia MD, Pan D, Jain M, Olefsky JM. Microbiota-Produced N-Formyl Peptide fMLF Promotes Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes 2019; 68:1415-1426. [PMID: 31010956 PMCID: PMC6609982 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota and associated metabolites changes dramatically with diet and the development of obesity. Although many correlations have been described, specific mechanistic links between these changes and glucose homeostasis remain to be defined. Here we show that blood and intestinal levels of the microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, are elevated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the N-formyl peptide receptor Fpr1 leads to increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, dependent upon glucagon-like peptide 1. Obese Fpr1 knockout mice also display an altered microbiome, exemplifying the dynamic relationship between host metabolism and microbiota. Overall, we describe a new mechanism by which the gut microbiota can modulate glucose metabolism, providing a potential approach for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jachelle M Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dalila El Ouarrat
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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19
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Ying W, Lee YS, Dong Y, Seidman JS, Yang M, Isaac R, Seo JB, Yang BH, Wollam J, Riopel M, McNelis J, Glass CK, Olefsky JM, Fu W. Expansion of Islet-Resident Macrophages Leads to Inflammation Affecting β Cell Proliferation and Function in Obesity. Cell Metab 2019; 29:457-474.e5. [PMID: 30595478 PMCID: PMC6701710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nature of obesity-associated islet inflammation and its impact on β cell abnormalities remains poorly defined. Here, we explore immune cell components of islet inflammation and define their roles in regulating β cell function and proliferation. Islet inflammation in obese mice is dominated by macrophages. We identify two islet-resident macrophage populations, characterized by their anatomical distributions, distinct phenotypes, and functional properties. Obesity induces the local expansion of resident intra-islet macrophages, independent of recruitment from circulating monocytes. Functionally, intra-islet macrophages impair β cell function in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Increased engulfment of β cell insulin secretory granules by intra-islet macrophages in obese mice may contribute to restricting insulin secretion. In contrast, both intra- and peri-islet macrophage populations from obese mice promote β cell proliferation in a PDGFR signaling-dependent manner. Together, these data define distinct roles and mechanisms for islet macrophages in the regulation of islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason S Seidman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bi-Huei Yang
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joanne McNelis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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20
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Riopel M, Vassallo M, Ehinger E, Pattison J, Bowden K, Winkels H, Wilson M, de Jong R, Patel S, Balakrishna D, Bilakovics J, Fanjul A, Plonowski A, Larson CJ, Ley K, Cabrales P, Witztum JL, Olefsky JM, Lee YS. CX3CL1-Fc treatment prevents atherosclerosis in Ldlr KO mice. Mol Metab 2019; 20:89-101. [PMID: 30553772 PMCID: PMC6358552 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions are partly mediated by expression of monocyte CX3CR1 and endothelial cell fractalkine (CX3CL1). Interrupting the interaction between this ligand-receptor pair should reduce monocyte binding to the endothelial wall and reduce atherosclerosis. We sought to reduce atherosclerosis by preventing monocyte-endothelial cell interactions through use of a long-acting CX3CR1 agonist. METHODS In this study, the chemokine domain of CX3CL1 was fused to the mouse Fc region to generate a long-acting soluble form of CX3CL1 suitable for chronic studies. CX3CL1-Fc or saline was injected twice a week (30 mg/kg) for 4 months into Ldlr knockout (KO) mice on an atherogenic western diet. RESULTS CX3CL1-Fc-treated Ldlr KO mice showed decreased en face aortic lesion surface area and reduced aortic root lesion size with decreased necrotic core area. Flow cytometry analyses of CX3CL1-Fc-treated aortic wall cell digests revealed a decrease in M1-like polarized macrophages and T cells. Moreover, CX3CL1-Fc administration reduced diet-induced atherosclerosis after switching from an atherogenic to a normal chow diet. In vitro monocyte adhesion studies revealed that CX3CL1-Fc treatment caused fewer monocytes to adhere to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer. Furthermore, a dorsal window chamber model demonstrated that CX3CL1-Fc treatment decreased in vivo leukocyte adhesion and rolling in live capillaries after short-term ischemia-reperfusion. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CX3CL1-Fc can inhibit monocyte/endothelial cell adhesion as well as reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Vassallo
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ehinger
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pattison
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Bowden
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Wilson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ron de Jong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Balakrishna
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James Bilakovics
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Fanjul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Artur Plonowski
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Larson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Seo JB, Riopel M, Cabrales P, Huh JY, Bandyopadhyay GK, Andreyev AY, Murphy AN, Beeman SC, Smith GI, Klein S, Lee YS, Olefsky JM. Knockdown of Ant2 Reduces Adipocyte Hypoxia And Improves Insulin Resistance in Obesity. Nat Metab 2019; 1:86-97. [PMID: 31528845 PMCID: PMC6746433 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decreased adipose tissue oxygen tension and increased HIF-1α expression can trigger adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction in obesity. Our current understanding of obesity-associated decreased adipose tissue oxygen tension is mainly focused on changes in oxygen supply and angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that increased adipocyte O2 demand, mediated by ANT2 activity, is the dominant cause of adipocyte hypoxia. Deletion of adipocyte Ant2 improves obesity-induced intracellular adipocyte hypoxia by decreasing obesity-induced adipocyte oxygen demand, without effects on mitochondrial number or mass, or oligomycin-sensitive respiration. This led to decreased adipose tissue HIF-1α expression and inflammation with improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in both a preventative or therapeutic setting. Our results suggest that ANT2 may be a target for the development of insulin sensitizing drugs and that ANT2 inhibition might have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guatam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Anne N. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott C. Beeman
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gordon I. Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y.S.L. () or J.M.O. ()
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y.S.L. () or J.M.O. ()
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22
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Rickert E, Fernandez MO, Choi I, Gorman M, Olefsky JM, Webster NJG. Neuronal SIRT1 Regulates Metabolic and Reproductive Function and the Response to Caloric Restriction. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:427-445. [PMID: 30746504 PMCID: PMC6364627 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirt1 is an NAD-dependent, class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, emerging evidence suggests that neuronal Sirt1 activity plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism. In this study, we generated mice expressing an enzymatically inactive form (N-MUT) or wild-type (WT) SIRT1 (N-OX) in mature neurons. N-OX male and female mice had impaired glucose tolerance, and N-MUT female, but not male, mice had improved glucose tolerance compared with that of WT littermates. Furthermore, glucose tolerance was improved in all mice with caloric restriction (CR) but was greater in the N-OX mice, who had better glucose tolerance than their littermates. At the reproductive level, N-OX females had impaired estrous cycles, with increased cycle length and more time in estrus. LH and progesterone surges were absent on the evening of proestrus in the N-OX mice, suggesting a defect in spontaneous ovulation, which was confirmed by the ovarian histology revealing fewer corpora lutea. Despite this defect, the mice were still fertile when mated to WT mice on the day of proestrus, indicating that the mice could respond to normal pheromonal or environmental cues. When subjected to CR, the N-OX mice went into diestrus arrest earlier than their littermates. Together, these results suggested that the overexpression of SIRT1 rendered the mice more sensitive to the metabolic improvements and suppression of reproductive cycles by CR, which was independent of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rickert
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Irene Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Gorman
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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23
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Skorobogatko Y, Dragan M, Cordon C, Reilly SM, Hung CW, Xia W, Zhao P, Wallace M, Lackey DE, Chen XW, Osborn O, Bogner-Strauss JG, Theodorescu D, Metallo CM, Olefsky JM, Saltiel AR. RalA controls glucose homeostasis by regulating glucose uptake in brown fat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7819-7824. [PMID: 29915037 PMCID: PMC6065037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin increases glucose uptake into adipose tissue and muscle by increasing trafficking of the glucose transporter Glut4. In cultured adipocytes, the exocytosis of Glut4 relies on activation of the small G protein RalA by insulin, via inhibition of its GTPase activating complex RalGAP. Here, we evaluate the role of RalA in glucose uptake in vivo with specific chemical inhibitors and by generation of mice with adipocyte-specific knockout of RalGAPB. RalA was profoundly activated in brown adipose tissue after feeding, and its inhibition prevented Glut4 exocytosis. RalGAPB knockout mice with diet-induced obesity were protected from the development of metabolic disease due to increased glucose uptake into brown fat. Thus, RalA plays a crucial role in glucose transport in adipose tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Skorobogatko
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Claudia Cordon
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Wenmin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Martina Wallace
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Denise E Lackey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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24
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Riopel M, Seo JB, Bandyopadhyay GK, Li P, Wollam J, Chung H, Jung SR, Murphy A, Wilson M, de Jong R, Patel S, Balakrishna D, Bilakovics J, Fanjul A, Plonowski A, Koh DS, Larson CJ, Olefsky JM, Lee YS. Chronic fractalkine administration improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1458-1470. [PMID: 29504946 DOI: 10.1172/jci94330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 system represents a novel regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion and β cell function. Here, we demonstrate that chronic administration of a long-acting form of FKN, FKN-Fc, can exert durable effects to improve glucose tolerance with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased β cell apoptosis in obese rodent models. Unexpectedly, chronic FKN-Fc administration also led to decreased α cell glucagon secretion. In islet cells, FKN inhibited ATP-sensitive potassium channel conductance by an ERK-dependent mechanism, which triggered β cell action potential (AP) firing and decreased α cell AP amplitude. This results in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion. Beyond its islet effects, FKN-Fc also exerted peripheral effects to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity due to inhibition of glucagon action. In hepatocytes, FKN treatment reduced glucagon-stimulated cAMP production and CREB phosphorylation in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. Together, these results raise the possibility of use of FKN-based therapy to improve type 2 diabetes by increasing both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Riopel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gautam K Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maria Wilson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ron de Jong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deepika Balakrishna
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Bilakovics
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrea Fanjul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Artur Plonowski
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher J Larson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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25
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Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic has emerged as a major cause of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Chronic tissue inflammation is a well-recognized feature of obesity, and the field of immunometabolism has witnessed many advances in recent years. Here, we review the major features of our current understanding with respect to chronic obesity-related inflammation in metabolic tissues and focus on how these inflammatory changes affect insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, food intake, and glucose homeostasis. There is a growing appreciation of the varied and sometimes integrated crosstalk between cells within a tissue (intraorgan) and tissues within an organism (interorgan) that supports inflammation in the context of metabolic dysregulation. Understanding these pathways and modes of communication has implications for translational studies. We also briefly summarize the state of this field with respect to potential current and developing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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26
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Ying W, Riopel M, Bandyopadhyay G, Dong Y, Birmingham A, Seo JB, Ofrecio JM, Wollam J, Hernandez-Carretero A, Fu W, Li P, Olefsky JM. Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Derived Exosomal miRNAs Can Modulate In Vivo and In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity. Cell 2017; 171:372-384.e12. [PMID: 28942920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are regulatory molecules that can be packaged into exosomes and secreted from cells. Here, we show that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obese mice secrete miRNA-containing exosomes (Exos), which cause glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when administered to lean mice. Conversely, ATM Exos obtained from lean mice improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity when administered to obese recipients. miR-155 is one of the miRNAs overexpressed in obese ATM Exos, and earlier studies have shown that PPARγ is a miR-155 target. Our results show that miR-155KO animals are insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant compared to controls. Furthermore, transplantation of WT bone marrow into miR-155KO mice mitigated this phenotype. Taken together, these studies show that ATMs secrete exosomes containing miRNA cargo. These miRNAs can be transferred to insulin target cell types through mechanisms of paracrine or endocrine regulation with robust effects on cellular insulin action, in vivo insulin sensitivity, and overall glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jachelle M Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelina Hernandez-Carretero
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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27
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Li P, Liu S, Lu M, Bandyopadhyay G, Oh D, Imamura T, Johnson AMF, Sears D, Shen Z, Cui B, Kong L, Hou S, Liang X, Iovino S, Watkins SM, Ying W, Osborn O, Wollam J, Brenner M, Olefsky JM. Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Cell 2017; 167:973-984.e12. [PMID: 27814523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In obesity, macrophages and other immune cells accumulate in insulin target tissues, promoting a chronic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. Galectin-3 (Gal3), a lectin mainly secreted by macrophages, is elevated in both obese subjects and mice. Administration of Gal3 to mice causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, whereas inhibition of Gal3, through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function, improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. In vitro treatment with Gal3 directly enhanced macrophage chemotaxis, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and impaired insulin-mediated suppression of glucose output in primary mouse hepatocytes. Importantly, we found that Gal3 can bind directly to the insulin receptor (IR) and inhibit downstream IR signaling. These observations elucidate a novel role for Gal3 in hepatocyte, adipocyte, and myocyte insulin resistance, suggesting that Gal3 can link inflammation to decreased insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of Gal3 could be a new approach to treat insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gautum Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, 1 Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu-city, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dorothy Sears
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaocong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Brenner
- Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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28
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Ying W, Wollam J, Ofrecio JM, Bandyopadhyay G, El Ouarrat D, Lee YS, Oh DY, Li P, Osborn O, Olefsky JM. Adipose tissue B2 cells promote insulin resistance through leukotriene LTB4/LTB4R1 signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1019-1030. [PMID: 28192375 DOI: 10.1172/jci90350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inflammation is a key component of obesity-induced insulin resistance, with a variety of immune cell types accumulating in adipose tissue. Here, we have demonstrated increased numbers of B2 lymphocytes in obese adipose tissue and have shown that high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) insulin resistance is mitigated in B cell-deficient (Bnull) mice. Adoptive transfer of adipose tissue B2 cells (ATB2) from wild-type HFD donor mice into HFD Bnull recipients completely restored the effect of HFD to induce insulin resistance. Recruitment and activation of ATB2 cells was mediated by signaling through the chemokine leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and its receptor LTB4R1. Furthermore, the adverse effects of ATB2 cells on glucose homeostasis were partially dependent upon T cells and macrophages. These results demonstrate the importance of ATB2 cells in obesity-induced insulin resistance and suggest that inhibition of the LTB4/LTB4R1 axis might be a useful approach for developing insulin-sensitizing therapeutics.
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29
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Abstract
There are currently over 1.9 billion people who are obese or overweight, leading to a rise in related health complications, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The finding that obesity and metabolic disorder are accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation has fundamentally changed our view of the underlying causes and progression of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We now know that an inflammatory program is activated early in adipose expansion and during chronic obesity, permanently skewing the immune system to a proinflammatory phenotype, and we are beginning to delineate the reciprocal influence of obesity and inflammation. Reviews in this series examine the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system in obesity; inflammation within diabetic islets, brain, liver, gut, and muscle; the role of inflammation in fibrosis and angiogenesis; the factors that contribute to the initiation of inflammation; and therapeutic approaches to modulate inflammation in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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30
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Fernandez MO, Sharma S, Kim S, Rickert E, Hsueh K, Hwang V, Olefsky JM, Webster NJG. Obese Neuronal PPARγ Knockout Mice Are Leptin Sensitive but Show Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Fertility. Endocrinology 2017; 158:121-133. [PMID: 27841948 PMCID: PMC5412981 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed in the hypothalamus in areas involved in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. In this study, we created a deletion of PPARγ brain-knockout (BKO) in mature neurons in female mice to investigate its involvement in metabolism and reproduction. We observed that there was no difference in age at puberty onset between female BKOs and littermate controls, but the BKOs gave smaller litters when mated and fewer oocytes when ovulated. The female BKO mice had regular cycles but showed an increase in the number of cycles with prolonged estrus. The mice also had increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during the LH surge and histological examination showed hemorrhagic corpora lutea. The mice were challenged with a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Metabolically, the female BKO mice showed normal body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, and leptin levels but were protected from obesity-induced leptin resistance. The neuronal knockout also prevented the reduction in estrous cycles due to the HFD. Examination of ovarian histology showed a decrease in the number of primary and secondary follicles in both genotypes due to the HFD, but the BKO ovaries showed an increase in the number of hemorrhagic follicles. In summary, our results show that neuronal PPARγ is required for optimal female fertility but is also involved in the adverse effects of diet-induced obesity by creating leptin resistance potentially through induction of the repressor Socs3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sun Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Vicky Hwang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Nicholas J G Webster
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; and
- Medical Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161
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31
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32
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Abstract
Low-grade tissue inflammation induced by obesity can result in insulin resistance, which in turn is a key cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cells of the innate immune system produce cytokines and other factors that impair insulin signalling, which contributes to the connection between obesity and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the innate immune cells involved in secreting inflammatory factors in the obese state. In the adipose tissue, these cells include proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages and natural killer cells. We also discuss the role of innate immune cells, such as anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, eosinophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and invariant natural killer T cells, in maintaining an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive environment in the lean state. In the liver, both Kupffer cells and recruited hepatic macrophages can contribute to decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity. Proinflammatory macrophages might also adversely affect insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and pancreatic β-cell function. Finally, this Review provides an overview of the mechanisms for regulating proinflammatory immune responses that could lead to future therapeutic opportunities to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Lackey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA
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33
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Baeza-Raja B, Sachs BD, Li P, Christian F, Vagena E, Davalos D, Le Moan N, Ryu JK, Sikorski SL, Chan JP, Scadeng M, Taylor SS, Houslay MD, Baillie GS, Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM, Akassoglou K. p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Regulates Energy Balance in Obesity. Cell Rep 2015; 14:255-68. [PMID: 26748707 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome reflect the dysregulation of molecular pathways that control energy homeostasis. Here, we show that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) controls energy expenditure in obese mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Despite no changes in food intake, p75(NTR)-null mice were protected from HFD-induced obesity and remained lean as a result of increased energy expenditure without developing insulin resistance or liver steatosis. p75(NTR) directly interacts with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates cAMP signaling in adipocytes, leading to decreased lipolysis and thermogenesis. Adipocyte-specific depletion of p75(NTR) or transplantation of p75(NTR)-null white adipose tissue (WAT) into wild-type mice fed a HFD protected against weight gain and insulin resistance. Our results reveal that signaling from p75(NTR) to cAMP/PKA regulates energy balance and suggest that non-CNS neurotrophin receptor signaling could be a target for treating obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Baeza-Raja
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benjamin D Sachs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frank Christian
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eirini Vagena
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dimitrios Davalos
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natacha Le Moan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shoana L Sikorski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin P Chan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miles D Houslay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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34
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Kesby JP, Kim JJ, Scadeng M, Woods G, Kado DM, Olefsky JM, Jeste DV, Achim CL, Semenova S. Spatial Cognition in Adult and Aged Mice Exposed to High-Fat Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140034. [PMID: 26448649 PMCID: PMC4598128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in multiple aspects of cognitive function, with spatial cognition being particularly sensitive to age-related decline. Environmental stressors, such as high-fat diet (HFD) exposure, that produce a diabetic phenotype and metabolic dysfunction may indirectly lead to exacerbated brain aging and promote the development of cognitive deficits. The present work investigated whether exposure to HFD exacerbates age-related cognitive deficits in adult versus aged mice. Adult (5 months old) and aged (15 months old) mice were exposed to control diet or HFD for three months prior to, and throughout, behavioral testing. Anxiety-like behavior in the light-dark box test, discrimination learning and memory in the novel object/place recognition tests, and spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze test were assessed. HFD resulted in significant gains in body weight and fat mass content with adult mice gaining significantly more weight and adipose tissue due to HFD than aged mice. Weight gain was attributed to food calories sourced from fat, but not total calorie intake. HFD increased fasting insulin levels in all mice, but adult mice showed a greater increase relative to aged mice. Behaviorally, HFD increased anxiety-like behavior in adult but not aged mice without significantly affecting spatial cognition. In contrast, aged mice fed either control or HFD diet displayed deficits in novel place discrimination and spatial learning. Our results suggest that adult mice are more susceptible to the physiological and anxiety-like effects of HFD consumption than aged mice, while aged mice displayed deficits in spatial cognition regardless of dietary influence. We conclude that although HFD induces systemic metabolic dysfunction in both adult and aged mice, overall cognitive function was not adversely affected under the current experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Kesby
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jane J. Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gina Woods
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Deborah M. Kado
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Cristian L. Achim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiome can regulate host energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disease. Here we identify GPR43, a receptor for bacterially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as a modulator of microbiota-host interaction. β-Cell expression of GPR43 and serum levels of acetate, an endogenous SCFA, are increased with a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-fed GPR43 knockout (KO) mice develop glucose intolerance due to a defect in insulin secretion. In vitro treatment of isolated murine islets, human islets, and Min6 cells with (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-N-(5-phenylthiazol-2-yl)butanamide (PA), a specific agonist of GPR43, increased intracellular inositol triphosphate and Ca(2+) levels, and potentiated insulin secretion in a GPR43-, Gαq-, and phospholipase C-dependent manner. In addition, KO mice fed an HFD displayed reduced β-cell mass and expression of differentiation genes, and the treatment of Min6 cells with PA increased β-cell proliferation and gene expression. Together these findings identify GPR43 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C McNelis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Mayoral
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Johnson AMF, Costanzo A, Gareau MG, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Jameson JM, Olefsky JM. High fat diet causes depletion of intestinal eosinophils associated with intestinal permeability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122195. [PMID: 25837594 PMCID: PMC4383570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of intestinal permeability and the penetration of microbial products are key factors associated with the onset of metabolic disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Here we show that, unlike liver or adipose tissue, high fat diet (HFD)/obesity in mice does not cause monocyte/macrophage infiltration into the intestine or pro-inflammatory changes in gene expression. Rather HFD causes depletion of intestinal eosinophils associated with the onset of intestinal permeability. Intestinal eosinophil numbers were restored by returning HFD fed mice to normal chow and were unchanged in leptin-deficient (Ob/Ob) mice, indicating that eosinophil depletion is caused specifically by a high fat diet and not obesity per se. Analysis of different aspects of intestinal permeability in HFD fed and Ob/Ob mice shows an association between eosinophil depletion and ileal paracelullar permeability, as well as leakage of albumin into the feces, but not overall permeability to FITC dextran. These findings provide the first evidence that a high fat diet causes intestinal eosinophil depletion, rather than inflammation, which may contribute to defective barrier integrity and the onset of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. F. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anne Costanzo
- Department of Biology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie G. Gareau
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Jameson
- Department of Biology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Morinaga H, Mayoral R, Heinrichsdorff J, Osborn O, Franck N, Hah N, Walenta E, Bandyopadhyay G, Pessentheiner AR, Chi TJ, Chung H, Bogner-Strauss JG, Evans RM, Olefsky JM, Oh DY. Characterization of distinct subpopulations of hepatic macrophages in HFD/obese mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:1120-30. [PMID: 25315009 PMCID: PMC4375077 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current dogma is that obesity-associated hepatic inflammation is due to increased Kupffer cell (KC) activation. However, recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) were recently shown to represent a sizable liver macrophage population in the context of obesity. Therefore, we assessed whether KCs and RHMs, or both, represent the major liver inflammatory cell type in obesity. We used a combination of in vivo macrophage tracking methodologies and adoptive transfer techniques in which KCs and RHMs are differentially labeled with fluorescent markers. With these approaches, the inflammatory phenotype of these distinct macrophage populations was determined under lean and obese conditions. In vivo macrophage tracking revealed an approximately sixfold higher number of RHMs in obese mice than in lean mice, whereas the number of KCs was comparable. In addition, RHMs comprised smaller size and immature, monocyte-derived cells compared with KCs. Furthermore, RHMs from obese mice were more inflamed and expressed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 than RHMs from lean mice. A comparison of the MCP-1/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) chemokine system between the two cell types showed that the ligand (MCP-1) is more highly expressed in KCs than in RHMs, whereas CCR2 expression is approximately fivefold greater in RHMs. We conclude that KCs can participate in obesity-induced inflammation by causing the recruitment of RHMs, which are distinct from KCs and are not precursors to KCs. These RHMs then enhance the severity of obesity-induced inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Morinaga
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Mayoral
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA Networked Biomedical Research Center on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Heinrichsdorff
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Niclas Franck
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Evelyn Walenta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tyler J Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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38
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Mayoral R, Osborn O, McNelis J, Johnson AM, Oh DY, Izquierdo CL, Chung H, Li P, Traves PG, Bandyopadhyay G, Pessentheiner AR, Ofrecio JM, Cook JR, Qiang L, Accili D, Olefsky JM. Adipocyte SIRT1 knockout promotes PPARγ activity, adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in chronic-HFD and obesity. Mol Metab 2015; 4:378-91. [PMID: 25973386 PMCID: PMC4421024 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is the primary site for lipid deposition that protects the organisms in cases of nutrient excess during obesogenic diets. The histone deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by targeting the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma (PPARγ). METHODS To assess the specific role of SIRT1 in adipocytes, we generated Sirt1 adipocyte-specific knockout mice (ATKO) driven by aP2 promoter onto C57BL/6 background. Sirt1 (flx/flx) aP2Cre (+) (ATKO) and Sirt1 (flx/flx) aP2Cre (-) (WT) mice were fed high-fat diet for 5 weeks (short-term) or 15 weeks (chronic-term). Metabolic studies were combined with gene expression analysis and phosphorylation/acetylation patterns in adipose tissue. RESULTS On standard chow, ATKO mice exhibit low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, along with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance compared with control fed mice. On short-term HFD, ATKO mice become more glucose intolerant, hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistant and display increased inflammation. During chronic HFD, WT mice developed a metabolic dysfunction, higher than ATKO mice, and thereby, knockout mice are more glucose tolerant, insulin sensitive and less inflamed relative to control mice. SIRT1 attenuates adipogenesis through PPARγ repressive acetylation and, in the ATKO mice adipocyte PPARγ was hyperacetylated. This high acetylation was associated with a decrease in Ser273-PPARγ phosphorylation. Dephosphorylated PPARγ is constitutively active and results in higher expression of genes associated with increased insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Together, these data establish that SIRT1 downregulation in adipose tissue plays a previously unknown role in long-term inflammation resolution mediated by PPARγ activation. Therefore, in the context of obesity, the development of new therapeutics that activate PPARγ by targeting SIRT1 may provide novel approaches to the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mayoral
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; Networked Biomedical Research Center, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, ISC-III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joanne McNelis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente Izquierdo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pingping Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paqui G Traves
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Jachelle M Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua R Cook
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Li P, Oh DY, Bandyopadhyay G, Lagakos WS, Talukdar S, Osborn O, Johnson A, Chung H, Maris M, Ofrecio JM, Taguchi S, Lu M, Olefsky JM. LTB4 promotes insulin resistance in obese mice by acting on macrophages, hepatocytes and myocytes. Nat Med 2015; 21:239-247. [PMID: 25706874 PMCID: PMC4429798 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key component of obesity–induced insulin resistance and plays a central role in metabolic disease. In this study, we found that the major insulin target tissues, liver, muscle and adipose tissue exhibit increased levels of the chemotactic eicosanoid LTB4 in obese high fat diet (HFD) mice compared to lean chow fed mice. Inhibition of the LTB4 receptor, Ltb4r1, through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function results in an anti–inflammatory phenotype with protection from systemic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in the setting of both HFD–induced and genetic obesity. Importantly, in vitro treatment with LTB4 directly enhanced macrophage chemotaxis, stimulated inflammatory pathways in macrophages, promoted de novo hepatic lipogenesis, decreased insulin stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myocytes, increased gluconeogenesis, and impaired insulin–mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output (HGO) in primary mouse hepatocytes. This was accompanied by decreased insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and increased Irs1 and Irs2 serine phosphorylation and all of these events were Gαi and Jnk dependent. Taken together, these observations elucidate a novel role of LTB4/Ltb4r1 in the etiology of insulin resistance in hepatocytes and myocytes, and shows that in vivo inhibition of Ltb4r1 leads to robust insulin sensitizing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Da Young Oh
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - William S Lagakos
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Michael Maris
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Jachelle M Ofrecio
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Sayaka Taguchi
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
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40
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Fang S, Suh JM, Reilly SM, Yu E, Osborn O, Lackey D, Yoshihara E, Perino A, Jacinto S, Lukasheva Y, Atkins AR, Khvat A, Schnabl B, Yu RT, Brenner DA, Coulter S, Liddle C, Schoonjans K, Olefsky JM, Saltiel AR, Downes M, Evans RM. Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Med 2015; 21:159-65. [PMID: 25559344 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The systemic expression of the bile acid (BA) sensor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has led to promising new therapies targeting cholesterol metabolism, triglyceride production, hepatic steatosis and biliary cholestasis. In contrast to systemic therapy, bile acid release during a meal selectively activates intestinal FXR. By mimicking this tissue-selective effect, the gut-restricted FXR agonist fexaramine (Fex) robustly induces enteric fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), leading to alterations in BA composition, but does so without activating FXR target genes in the liver. However, unlike systemic agonism, we find that Fex reduces diet-induced weight gain, body-wide inflammation and hepatic glucose production, while enhancing thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). These pronounced metabolic improvements suggest tissue-restricted FXR activation as a new approach in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoon Fang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Denise Lackey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Jacinto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yelizaveta Lukasheva
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sally Coulter
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- 1] Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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41
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Abstract
Chronic, low-grade adipose tissue inflammation is a key etiological mechanism linking the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. It is well recognized that the immune system and metabolism are highly integrated, and macrophages, in particular, have been identified as critical effector cells in the initiation of inflammation and insulin resistance. Recent advances have been made in the understanding of macrophage recruitment and retention to adipose tissue and the participation of other immune cell populations in the regulation of this inflammatory process. Here we discuss the pathophysiological link between macrophages, obesity, and insulin resistance, highlighting the dynamic immune cell regulation of adipose tissue inflammation. We also describe the mechanisms by which inflammation causes insulin resistance and the new therapeutic targets that have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C McNelis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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42
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Lee YS, Kim JW, Osborne O, Oh DY, Sasik R, Schenk S, Chen A, Chung H, Murphy A, Watkins SM, Quehenberger O, Johnson RS, Olefsky JM. Increased adipocyte O2 consumption triggers HIF-1α, causing inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Cell 2014; 157:1339-1352. [PMID: 24906151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue hypoxia and inflammation have been causally implicated in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Here, we report that, early in the course of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and obesity, adipocyte respiration becomes uncoupled, leading to increased oxygen consumption and a state of relative adipocyte hypoxia. These events are sufficient to trigger HIF-1α induction, setting off the chronic adipose tissue inflammatory response characteristic of obesity. At the molecular level, these events involve saturated fatty acid stimulation of the adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, which leads to the uncoupled respiratory state. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of either ANT2 or HIF-1α can prevent or reverse these pathophysiologic events, restoring a state of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. These results reveal the sequential series of events in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Inokuchi-Shimizu S, Park EJ, Roh YS, Yang L, Zhang B, Song J, Liang S, Pimienta M, Taniguchi K, Wu X, Asahina K, Lagakos W, Mackey MR, Akira S, Ellisman MH, Sears DD, Olefsky JM, Karin M, Brenner DA, Seki E. TAK1-mediated autophagy and fatty acid oxidation prevent hepatosteatosis and tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3566-78. [PMID: 24983318 DOI: 10.1172/jci74068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP kinase kinase kinase TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is activated by TLRs, IL-1, TNF, and TGFβ and in turn activates IKK-NF-κB and JNK, which regulate cell survival, growth, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. TAK1 signaling also upregulates AMPK activity and autophagy. Here, we investigated TAK1-dependent regulation of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and tumorigenesis in the liver. Fasted mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Tak1 exhibited severe hepatosteatosis with increased mTORC1 activity and suppression of autophagy compared with their WT counterparts. TAK1-deficient hepatocytes exhibited suppressed AMPK activity and autophagy in response to starvation or metformin treatment; however, ectopic activation of AMPK restored autophagy in these cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) target genes and β-oxidation, which regulate hepatic lipid degradation, were also suppressed in hepatocytes lacking TAK1. Due to suppression of autophagy and β-oxidation, a high-fat diet challenge aggravated steatohepatitis in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Tak1. Notably, inhibition of mTORC1 restored autophagy and PPARα target gene expression in TAK1-deficient livers, indicating that TAK1 acts upstream of mTORC1. mTORC1 inhibition also suppressed spontaneous liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in animals with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Tak1. These data indicate that TAK1 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis via the AMPK/mTORC1 axis, affecting both autophagy and PPARα activity.
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Lee B, Qiao L, Lu M, Yoo HS, Cheung W, Mak R, Schaack J, Feng GS, Chi NW, Olefsky JM, Shao J. C/EBPα regulates macrophage activation and systemic metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1144-54. [PMID: 24691027 PMCID: PMC4025063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00002.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration plays an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in macrophages. To examine the roles of C/EBPα in regulating macrophage functions and energy homeostasis, macrophage-specific C/EBPα knockout (MαKO) mice were created. Chow-fed MαKO mice exhibited higher body fat mass and decreased energy expenditure despite no change in food intake. However, the obese phenotype disappeared after high-fat (HF) diet feeding. Although there was a transient decrease in insulin sensitivity of chow-fed young MαKO mice, systemic insulin sensitivity was protected during HF-feeding due to preserved insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. We also found that C/EBPα-deficient macrophages exhibited a blunted response of cytokine-induced expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers, suggesting that C/EBPα controls both M1 and M2 polarization. Consistent with decreased exercise capacity, mitochondrial respiration rates and signal pathways for fatty acid oxidation were remarkably reduced in the skeletal muscle of chow-fed MαKO mice. Furthermore, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced in skeletal muscle of HF-fed MαKO mice. Together, these results imply that C/EBPα is required for macrophage activation, which plays an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonggi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Liping Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hyung Sun Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wai Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Mak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jerome Schaack
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare system, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
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45
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Fink LN, Costford SR, Lee YS, Jensen TE, Bilan PJ, Oberbach A, Blüher M, Olefsky JM, Sams A, Klip A. Pro-inflammatory macrophages increase in skeletal muscle of high fat-fed mice and correlate with metabolic risk markers in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:747-57. [PMID: 24030890 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In obesity, immune cells infiltrate adipose tissue. Skeletal muscle is the major tissue of insulin-dependent glucose disposal, and indices of muscle inflammation arise during obesity, but whether and which immune cells increase in muscle remain unclear. METHODS Immune cell presence in quadriceps muscle of wild type mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) was studied for 3 days to 10 weeks, in CCL2-KO mice fed HFD for 1 week, and in human muscle. Leukocyte presence was assessed by gene expression of lineage markers, cyto/chemokines and receptors; immunohistochemistry; and flow cytometry. RESULTS After 1 week HFD, concomitantly with glucose intolerance, muscle gene expression of Ly6b, Emr1 (F4/80), Tnf, Ccl2, and Ccr2 rose, as did pro- and anti-inflammatory markers Itgax (CD11c) and Mgl2. CD11c+ proinflammatory macrophages in muscle increased by 76%. After 10 weeks HFD, macrophages in muscle increased by 47%. Quadriceps from CCL2-KO mice on HFD did not gain macrophages and maintained insulin sensitivity. Muscle of obese, glucose-intolerant humans showed elevated CD68 (macrophage marker) and ITGAX, correlating with poor glucose disposal and adiposity. CONCLUSION Mouse and human skeletal muscles gain a distinct population of inflammatory macrophages upon HFD or obesity, linked to insulin resistance in humans and CCL2 availability in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- CD11c Antigen/genetics
- CD11c Antigen/immunology
- CD11c Antigen/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth N Fink
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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46
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Li P, Spann NJ, Kaikkonen MU, Lu M, Oh DY, Fox JN, Bandyopadhyay G, Talukdar S, Xu J, Lagakos WS, Patsouris D, Armando A, Quehenberger O, Dennis EA, Watkins SM, Auwerx J, Glass CK, Olefsky JM. NCoR repression of LXRs restricts macrophage biosynthesis of insulin-sensitizing omega 3 fatty acids. Cell 2013; 155:200-214. [PMID: 24074869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammation is a major contributor to obesity-associated insulin resistance. The corepressor NCoR interacts with inflammatory pathway genes in macrophages, suggesting that its removal would result in increased activity of inflammatory responses. Surprisingly, we find that macrophage-specific deletion of NCoR instead results in an anti-inflammatory phenotype along with robust systemic insulin sensitization in obese mice. We present evidence that derepression of LXRs contributes to this paradoxical anti-inflammatory phenotype by causing increased expression of genes that direct biosynthesis of palmitoleic acid and ω3 fatty acids. Remarkably, the increased ω3 fatty acid levels primarily inhibit NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by uncoupling NF-κB binding and enhancer/promoter histone acetylation from subsequent steps required for proinflammatory gene activation. This provides a mechanism for the in vivo anti-inflammatory insulin-sensitive phenotype observed in mice with macrophage-specific deletion of NCoR. Therapeutic methods to harness this mechanism could lead to a new approach to insulin-sensitizing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Da Young Oh
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Jesse N Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - William S Lagakos
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - David Patsouris
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Aaron Armando
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | | | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093
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Chung H, Sears DD, Webster NJ, Olefsky JM, Ellies LG. Abstract A123: Omega-3 fatty acids reduce mammary tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.advbc-a123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and altered levels of adipokines have been proposed as possible links between obesity and tumor progression. Furthermore, the composition of fats in the diet can influence inflammation and epidemiological studies have shown that an increase in fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids; ω-3 FAs) intake is associated with a reduction in breast cancer incidence in humans. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the anticancer effect of ω-3 FAs such as suppression of neoplastic transformation, cell proliferation or angiogenesis, or an increase in apoptosis. To study the effects of ω-3 FA on mammary tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat) or an isocaloric HFD containing 30% ω-3 FA replacement [wt/wt, 24% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 6% eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA)]. Fourteen weeks after starting HFDs, mice received orthotopic mammary fat pad injections of Py230 cells derived from a spontaneous polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyVmT) mammary tumor. Mammary tumor growth, inflammatory cytokine expression in perigonadal fat and the mammary fat pads and tumors, and apoptosis and cell proliferation in the tumors were determined at 22 weeks following initiation of the HFDs. There was no difference in body weights between mice fed a HFD with or without ω-3 FA, but ω-3 FA-fed mice had a significantly reduced mammary tumor burden (33%) compared to counterpart HFD-fed mice. The ω-3 FA-fed mice showed decreased expression of macrophages and inflammatory cytokines such as CD11c, TNF-α and iNOS in perigonadal fat. However, surprisingly the ω-3 FA-fed mice showed increased macrophage and inflammatory cytokine expression: CD11c, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the mammary fat pads implanted with tumor cells, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of ω-3 FAs may be modulated by implanted tumor cells. No difference was observed in the expression of macrophage marker and inflammatory cytokines in mammary tumors between mice fed a HFD with or without ω-3 FA. Immunohistochemical staining of mammary tumors revealed a high degree of variability in cell proliferation and apoptosis between tumors and no significant differences were observed. To examine whether ω-3 FAs may act directly on Py230 tumor cells to reduce mammary tumor growth, we tested the effects of ω-3 FA on cell growth, apoptosis and signaling in Py230 cells in vitro. DHA significantly inhibited Py230 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DHA inhibited TNF-α-induced cell growth and blocked NF-κB signaling activated by TNF-α in Py230 cells. Furthermore, DHA increased the activities of caspases 3 and 7 and induced apoptosis in Py230 cells. Our results suggest that ω-3 FAs may suppress mammary tumor growth by directly inhibiting the growth of mammary tumor cells via induction of apoptosis. Further analysis of the signaling pathways involved may identify new therapeutic targets for postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
Citation Format: Heekyung Chung, Dorothy D. Sears, Nicholas J. Webster, Jerrold M. Olefsky, Lesley G. Ellies. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce mammary tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A123.
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48
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Guo Y, Darshi M, Ma Y, Perkins GA, Shen Z, Haushalter KJ, Saito R, Chen A, Lee YS, Patel HH, Briggs SP, Ellisman MH, Olefsky JM, Taylor SS. Quantitative proteomic and functional analysis of liver mitochondria from high fat diet (HFD) diabetic mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3744-58. [PMID: 24030101 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.027441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a major role in the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity and affects a number of biological processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis. Though mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, the precise mechanism linking the two is not well understood. We used high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity dependent diabetes mouse models to gain insight into the potential pathways altered with metabolic disease, and carried out quantitative proteomic analysis of liver mitochondria. As previously reported, proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, branched chain amino acid degradation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation were uniformly up-regulated in the liver of HFD fed mice compared with that of normal diet. Further, our studies revealed that retinol metabolism is distinctly down-regulated and the mitochondrial structural proteins-components of mitochondrial inter-membrane space bridging (MIB) complex (Mitofilin, Sam50, and ChChd3), and Tim proteins-essential for protein import, are significantly up-regulated in HFD fed mice. Structural and functional studies on HFD and normal diet liver mitochondria revealed remodeling of HFD mitochondria to a more condensed form with increased respiratory capacity and higher ATP levels compared with normal diet mitochondria. Thus, it is likely that the structural remodeling is essential to accommodate the increased protein content in presence of HFD: the mechanism could be through the MIB complex promoting contact site and crista junction formation and in turn facilitating the lipid and protein uptake.
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49
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Sharma S, Morinaga H, Hwang V, Fan W, Fernandez MO, Varki N, Olefsky JM, Webster NJG. Free fatty acids induce Lhb mRNA but suppress Fshb mRNA in pituitary LβT2 gonadotropes and diet-induced obesity reduces FSH levels in male mice and disrupts the proestrous LH/FSH surge in female mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2188-99. [PMID: 23525221 PMCID: PMC3740488 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Female obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and reproductive dysfunction. We hypothesized that elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) might directly modulate pituitary gonadotropin production. FFAs caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in phosphorylation of the MAPKs p38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-1/2, and ERK1/2 in LβT2 gonadotrope cells. Furthermore, FFAs up-regulated Lhb mRNA expression acutely, an effect that was blocked by JNK inhibition, but suppressed Fshb mRNA expression, an effect that was independent of MAPK signaling. FFAs enhanced the activation of the MAPKs in the presence of GnRH, although the cotreatment did not alter Lhb induction but did eliminate the GnRH induction of Fshb. FFAs also suppressed activin-induced Fshb expression. Knockdown experiments showed that the FFA effect on the inflammatory kinases p38MAPK and JNK and on Lhb, but not Fshb, mRNA expression is mediated via toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4 and was mimicked by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet showed reduced FSH levels consistent with the suppression of Fshb seen in vitro. Histological analysis of the testes showed an increased number of abnormal seminiferous tubules. Female mice on a high-fat diet lacked the expected proestrus LH and FSH surge and exhibited an increase in the number of days at estrus and a reduced number of days at proestrus, and ovaries had significantly fewer corpora lutea. Taken together, our findings suggest that lipid excess can lead to reproductive defects in both male and female mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/pharmacology
- Female
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit/blood
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit/genetics
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gonadotrophs/cytology
- Gonadotrophs/drug effects
- Gonadotrophs/metabolism
- Immunoblotting
- Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit/blood
- Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit/genetics
- Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Ovary/drug effects
- Ovary/metabolism
- Pituitary Gland/cytology
- Proestrus/drug effects
- Proestrus/genetics
- Proestrus/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego California 92161, USA
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50
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Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the major determinant of metabolic syndrome, which precedes the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is thus the driving force behind the emerging diabetes epidemic. The precise causes of insulin resistance are varied, and the relative importance of each is a matter of ongoing research. Here, we offer a Perspective on the heterogeneous etiology of insulin resistance, focusing in particular on the role of inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M F Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA
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