1
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Tong G, Hah N, Martinez TF. Comparison of software packages for detecting unannotated translated small open reading frames by Ribo-seq. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.30.573709. [PMID: 38234848 PMCID: PMC10793472 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and comprehensive annotation of microprotein-coding small open reading frames (smORFs) is critical to our understanding of normal physiology and disease. Empirical identification of translated smORFs is carried out primarily using ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq). While effective, published Ribo-seq datasets can vary drastically in quality and different analysis tools are frequently employed. Here, we examine the impact of these factors on identifying translated smORFs. We compared five commonly used software tools that assess ORF translation from Ribo-seq (RibORFv0.1, RibORFv1.0, RiboCode, ORFquant, and Ribo-TISH), and found surprisingly low agreement across all tools. Only ~2% of smORFs were called translated by all five tools and ~15% by three or more tools when assessing the same high-resolution Ribo-seq dataset. For larger annotated genes, the same analysis showed ~72% agreement across all five tools. We also found that some tools are strongly biased against low-resolution Ribo-seq data, while others are more tolerant. Analyzing Ribo-seq coverage as a proxy for translation levels revealed that highly translated smORFs are more likely to be detected by more than one tool. Together these results support employing multiple tools to identify the most confident microprotein-coding smORFs, and choosing the tools based on the quality of the dataset and planned downstream characterization experiments of predicted smORFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Chapman Charitable Foundations Genomic Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F. Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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2
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Liang G, Oh TG, Hah N, Tiriac H, Shi Y, Truitt ML, Antal CE, Atkins AR, Li Y, Fraser C, Ng S, Pinto AFM, Nelson DC, Estepa G, Bashi S, Banayo E, Dai Y, Liddle C, Yu RT, Hunter T, Engle DD, Han H, Von Hoff DD, Downes M, Evans RM. Inhibiting stromal Class I HDACs curbs pancreatic cancer progression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7791. [PMID: 38057326 PMCID: PMC10700526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic lesions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) hijack the epigenetic machinery in stromal components to establish a desmoplastic and therapeutic resistant tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we identify Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) as key epigenetic factors facilitating the induction of pro-desmoplastic and pro-tumorigenic transcriptional programs in pancreatic stromal fibroblasts. Mechanistically, HDAC-mediated changes in chromatin architecture enable the activation of pro-desmoplastic programs directed by serum response factor (SRF) and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). HDACs also coordinate fibroblast pro-inflammatory programs inducing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression, supporting paracrine pro-tumorigenic crosstalk. HDAC depletion in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and treatment with the HDAC inhibitor entinostat (Ent) in PDAC mouse models reduce stromal activation and curb tumor progression. Notably, HDAC inhibition (HDACi) enriches a lipogenic fibroblast subpopulation, a potential precursor for myofibroblasts in the PDAC stroma. Overall, our study reveals the stromal targeting potential of HDACi, highlighting the utility of this epigenetic modulating approach in PDAC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Liang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Bristol Myer Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Morgan L Truitt
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Corina E Antal
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yuwenbin Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Cory Fraser
- HonorHealth Scottsdale Osborn Medical Center and Shea Medical Center, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260, USA
| | - Serina Ng
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Antonio F M Pinto
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dylan C Nelson
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriela Estepa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Senada Bashi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ester Banayo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dannielle D Engle
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- HonorHealth Scottsdale Osborn Medical Center and Shea Medical Center, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260, USA
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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3
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Zukowski E, Sannella M, Rockhold JD, Kalantar GH, Yu J, SantaCruz‐Calvo S, Kuhn MK, Hah N, Ouyang L, Wang T, Murphy L, Marszalkowski H, Gibney K, Drummond MJ, Proctor EA, Hasturk H, Nikolajczyk BS, Bharath LP. STAT3 modulates CD4 + T mitochondrial dynamics and function in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13996. [PMID: 37837188 PMCID: PMC10652300 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging promotes numerous intracellular changes in T cells that impact their effector function. Our data show that aging promotes an increase in the localization of STAT3 to the mitochondria (mitoSTAT3), which promotes changes in mitochondrial dynamics and function and T-cell cytokine production. Mechanistically, mitoSTAT3 increased the activity of aging T-cell mitochondria by increasing complex II. Limiting mitoSTAT3 using a mitochondria-targeted STAT3 inhibitor, Mtcur-1 lowered complex II activity, prevented age-induced changes in mitochondrial dynamics and function, and reduced Th17 inflammation. Exogenous expression of a constitutively phosphorylated form of STAT3 in T cells from young adults mimicked changes in mitochondrial dynamics and function in T cells from older adults and partially recapitulated aging-related cytokine profiles. Our data show the mechanistic link among mitoSTAT3, mitochondrial dynamics, function, and T-cell cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelia Zukowski
- Department of Nutrition and Public HealthMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marco Sannella
- Department of Nutrition and Public HealthMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jack Donato Rockhold
- Department of Nutrition and Public HealthMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gabriella H. Kalantar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics CoreThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sara SantaCruz‐Calvo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Madison K. Kuhn
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Neural EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing CoreThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ling Ouyang
- Next Generation Sequencing CoreThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tzu‐Wen Wang
- Next Generation Sequencing CoreThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lyanne Murphy
- Department of BiologyMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Kaleigh Gibney
- Department of Nutrition and Public HealthMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Proctor
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Neural EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Engineering Science & MechanicsPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Leena P. Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public HealthMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
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4
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Liang G, Oh TG, Hah N, Tiriac H, Shi Y, Truitt ML, Antal CE, Atkins AR, Li Y, Fraser C, Ng S, Pinto AFM, Nelson DC, Estepa G, Bashi S, Banayo E, Dai Y, Liddle C, Yu RT, Hunter T, Engle DD, Han H, Von Hoff DD, Downes M, Evans RM. Inhibiting Stromal Class I HDACs Curbs Pancreatic Cancer Progression. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.12.557260. [PMID: 37745372 PMCID: PMC10515810 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic lesions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) hijack the epigenetic machinery in stromal components to establish a desmoplastic and therapeutic resistant tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we identify Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) as key epigenetic factors facilitating the induction of pro-desmoplastic and pro-tumorigenic transcriptional programs in pancreatic stromal fibroblasts. Mechanistically, HDAC-mediated changes in chromatin architecture enable the activation of pro-desmoplastic programs directed by serum response factor (SRF) and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). HDACs also coordinate fibroblast pro-inflammatory programs inducing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression, supporting paracrine pro-tumorigenic crosstalk. HDAC depletion in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and treatment with the HDAC inhibitor entinostat (Ent) in PDAC mouse models reduce stromal activation and curb tumor progression. Notably, HDAC inhibition (HDACi) enriches a lipogenic fibroblast subpopulation, a potential precursor for myofibroblasts in the PDAC stroma. Overall, our study reveals the stromal targeting potential of HDACi, highlighting the utility of this epigenetic modulating approach in PDAC therapeutics.
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5
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Antal CE, Oh TG, Aigner S, Luo EC, Yee BA, Campos T, Tiriac H, Rothamel KL, Cheng Z, Jiao H, Wang A, Hah N, Lenkiewicz E, Lumibao JC, Truitt ML, Estepa G, Banayo E, Bashi S, Esparza E, Munoz RM, Diedrich JK, Sodir NM, Mueller JR, Fraser CR, Borazanci E, Propper D, Von Hoff DD, Liddle C, Yu RT, Atkins AR, Han H, Lowy AM, Barrett MT, Engle DD, Evan GI, Yeo GW, Downes M, Evans RM. A super-enhancer-regulated RNA-binding protein cascade drives pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5195. [PMID: 37673892 PMCID: PMC10482938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy in need of new therapeutic options. Using unbiased analyses of super-enhancers (SEs) as sentinels of core genes involved in cell-specific function, here we uncover a druggable SE-mediated RNA-binding protein (RBP) cascade that supports PDAC growth through enhanced mRNA translation. This cascade is driven by a SE associated with the RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F, which stabilizes protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) to, in turn, control the translational mediator ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like. All three of these genes and the regulatory SE are essential for PDAC growth and coordinately regulated by the Myc oncogene. In line with this, modulation of the RBP network by PRMT1 inhibition reveals a unique vulnerability in Myc-high PDAC patient organoids and markedly reduces tumor growth in male mice. Our study highlights a functional link between epigenetic regulation and mRNA translation and identifies components that comprise unexpected therapeutic targets for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina E Antal
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - En-Ching Luo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brian A Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tania Campos
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katherine L Rothamel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Henry Jiao
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Jan C Lumibao
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Morgan L Truitt
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriela Estepa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ester Banayo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Senada Bashi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Edgar Esparza
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruben M Munoz
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Mass Spectrometry Core for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicole M Sodir
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Genentech, Department of Translational Oncology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jasmine R Mueller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Cory R Fraser
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, 85258, USA
- Scottsdale Pathology Associates, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260, USA
| | - Erkut Borazanci
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, 85258, USA
| | - David Propper
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, 85258, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael T Barrett
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Dannielle D Engle
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gerard I Evan
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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6
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McDonald B, Chick BY, Ahmed NS, Burns M, Ma S, Casillas E, Chen D, Mann TH, O'Connor C, Hah N, Hargreaves DC, Kaech SM. Canonical BAF complex activity shapes the enhancer landscape that licenses CD8 + T cell effector and memory fates. Immunity 2023; 56:1303-1319.e5. [PMID: 37315534 PMCID: PMC10281564 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells provide host protection against pathogens by differentiating into distinct effector and memory cell subsets, but how chromatin is site-specifically remodeled during their differentiation is unclear. Due to its critical role in regulating chromatin and enhancer accessibility through its nucleosome remodeling activities, we investigated the role of the canonical BAF (cBAF) chromatin remodeling complex in antiviral CD8+ T cells during infection. ARID1A, a subunit of cBAF, was recruited early after activation and established de novo open chromatin regions (OCRs) at enhancers. Arid1a deficiency impaired the opening of thousands of activation-induced enhancers, leading to loss of TF binding, dysregulated proliferation and gene expression, and failure to undergo terminal effector differentiation. Although Arid1a was dispensable for circulating memory cell formation, tissue-resident memory (Trm) formation was strongly impaired. Thus, cBAF governs the enhancer landscape of activated CD8+ T cells that orchestrates TF recruitment and activity and the acquisition of specific effector and memory differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brent Y Chick
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nasiha S Ahmed
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mannix Burns
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shixin Ma
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eduardo Casillas
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas H Mann
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Chapman Charitable Foundations Genomic Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diana C Hargreaves
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Malik N, Ferreira BI, Hollstein PE, Curtis SD, Trefts E, Novak SW, Yu J, Gilson R, Hellberg K, Fang L, Sheridan A, Hah N, Shadel GS, Manor U, Shaw RJ. Induction of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1. Science 2023; 380:eabj5559. [PMID: 37079666 PMCID: PMC10794112 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes through phosphorylation and prolonged adaptation of metabolism through transcriptional effects. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a major effector of AMPK that increases expression of lysosome genes in response to energetic stress, but how AMPK activates TFEB remains unresolved. We demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates five conserved serine residues in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), suppressing the function of the folliculin (FLCN)-FNIP1 complex. FNIP1 phosphorylation is required for AMPK to induce nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFEB-dependent increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) messenger RNAs. Thus, mitochondrial damage triggers AMPK-FNIP1-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB, inducing sequential waves of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingjing Fang
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Shadel GS, Adams PD, Berggren WT, Diedrich JK, Diffenderfer KE, Gage FH, Hah N, Hansen M, Hetzer MW, Molina AJA, Manor U, Marek K, O'Keefe DD, Pinto AFM, Sacco A, Sharpee TO, Shokriev MN, Zambetti S. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center: tackling the heterogeneity of aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:2139-2148. [PMID: 34370163 PMCID: PMC8599742 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding basic mechanisms of aging holds great promise for developing interventions that prevent or delay many age-related declines and diseases simultaneously to increase human healthspan. However, a major confounding factor in aging research is the heterogeneity of the aging process itself. At the organismal level, it is clear that chronological age does not always predict biological age or susceptibility to frailty or pathology. While genetics and environment are major factors driving variable rates of aging, additional complexity arises because different organs, tissues, and cell types are intrinsically heterogeneous and exhibit different aging trajectories normally or in response to the stresses of the aging process (e.g., damage accumulation). Tackling the heterogeneity of aging requires new and specialized tools (e.g., single-cell analyses, mass spectrometry-based approaches, and advanced imaging) to identify novel signatures of aging across scales. Cutting-edge computational approaches are then needed to integrate these disparate datasets and elucidate network interactions between known aging hallmarks. There is also a need for improved, human cell-based models of aging to ensure that basic research findings are relevant to human aging and healthspan interventions. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center (SD-NSC) provides access to cutting-edge scientific resources to facilitate the study of the heterogeneity of aging in general and to promote the use of novel human cell models of aging. The center also has a robust Research Development Core that funds pilot projects on the heterogeneity of aging and organizes innovative training activities, including workshops and a personalized mentoring program, to help investigators new to the aging field succeed. Finally, the SD-NSC participates in outreach activities to educate the general community about the importance of aging research and promote the need for basic biology of aging research in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Shadel
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - W Travis Berggren
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth E Diffenderfer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Divison of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kurt Marek
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David D O'Keefe
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Sacco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tatyana O Sharpee
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokriev
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stefania Zambetti
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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9
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Huang Y, Happonen KE, Burrola PG, O'Connor C, Hah N, Huang L, Nimmerjahn A, Lemke G. Microglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid β plaques. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:586-594. [PMID: 33859405 PMCID: PMC8102389 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two microglial TAM receptor tyrosine kinases, Axl and Mer, have been linked to Alzheimer's disease, but their roles in disease have not been tested experimentally. We find that in Alzheimer's disease and its mouse models, induced expression of Axl and Mer in amyloid plaque-associated microglia was coupled to induced plaque decoration by the TAM ligand Gas6 and its co-ligand phosphatidylserine. In the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, genetic ablation of Axl and Mer resulted in microglia that were unable to normally detect, respond to, organize or phagocytose amyloid-β plaques. These major deficits notwithstanding, TAM-deficient APP/PS1 mice developed fewer dense-core plaques than APP/PS1 mice with normal microglia. Our findings reveal that the TAM system is an essential mediator of microglial recognition and engulfment of amyloid plaques and that TAM-driven microglial phagocytosis does not inhibit, but rather promotes, dense-core plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youtong Huang
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaisa E Happonen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick G Burrola
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Chapman Foundations Genomic Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Reid DA, Reed PJ, Schlachetzki JCM, Nitulescu II, Chou G, Tsui EC, Jones JR, Chandran S, Lu AT, McClain CA, Ooi JH, Wang TW, Lana AJ, Linker SB, Ricciardulli AS, Lau S, Schafer ST, Horvath S, Dixon JR, Hah N, Glass CK, Gage FH. Incorporation of a nucleoside analog maps genome repair sites in postmitotic human neurons. Science 2021; 372:91-94. [PMID: 33795458 PMCID: PMC9179101 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the longest-lived cells in our bodies and lack DNA replication, which makes them reliant on a limited repertoire of DNA repair mechanisms to maintain genome fidelity. These repair mechanisms decline with age, but we have limited knowledge of how genome instability emerges and what strategies neurons and other long-lived cells may have evolved to protect their genomes over the human life span. A targeted sequencing approach in human embryonic stem cell-induced neurons shows that, in neurons, DNA repair is enriched at well-defined hotspots that protect essential genes. These hotspots are enriched with histone H2A isoforms and RNA binding proteins and are associated with evolutionarily conserved elements of the human genome. These findings provide a basis for understanding genome integrity as it relates to aging and disease in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Reid
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.,Corresponding author. (D.A.R.); (F.H.G.)
| | - Patrick J. Reed
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0651, USA
| | - Ioana I. Nitulescu
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Grace Chou
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Enoch C. Tsui
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Sahaana Chandran
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Ake T. Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Claire A. McClain
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Jean H. Ooi
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Addison J. Lana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0651, USA
| | - Sara B. Linker
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Anthony S. Ricciardulli
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Shong Lau
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Simon T. Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jesse R. Dixon
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0651, USA
| | - Fred H. Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.,Corresponding author. (D.A.R.); (F.H.G.)
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11
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DelGiorno KE, Chung CY, Vavinskaya V, Maurer HC, Novak SW, Lytle NK, Ma Z, Giraddi RR, Wang D, Fang L, Naeem RF, Andrade LR, Ali WH, Tseng H, Tsui C, Gubbala VB, Ridinger-Saison M, Ohmoto M, Erikson GA, O'Connor C, Shokhirev MN, Hah N, Urade Y, Matsumoto I, Kaech SM, Singh PK, Manor U, Olive KP, Wahl GM. Tuft Cells Inhibit Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Mice by Producing Prostaglandin D 2. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1866-1881.e8. [PMID: 32717220 PMCID: PMC7680354 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) involves acinar to ductal metaplasia and genesis of tuft cells. It has been a challenge to study these rare cells because of the lack of animal models. We investigated the role of tuft cells in pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS We performed studies with LSL-KrasG12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+ mice (KC; develop pancreatic tumors), KC mice crossed with mice with pancreatic disruption of Pou2f3 (KPouC mice; do not develop tuft cells), or mice with pancreatic disruption of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase gene (Hpgds, KHC mice) and wild-type mice. Mice were allowed to age or were given caerulein to induce pancreatitis; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, ultrastructural microscopy, and metabolic profiling. We performed laser-capture dissection and RNA-sequencing analysis of pancreatic tissues from 26 patients with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), 19 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and 197 patients with PDA. RESULTS Pancreata from KC mice had increased formation of tuft cells and higher levels of prostaglandin D2 than wild-type mice. Pancreas-specific deletion of POU2F3 in KC mice (KPouC mice) resulted in a loss of tuft cells and accelerated tumorigenesis. KPouC mice had increased fibrosis and activation of immune cells after administration of caerulein. Pancreata from KPouC and KHC mice had significantly lower levels of prostaglandin D2, compared with KC mice, and significantly increased numbers of PanINs and PDAs. KPouC and KHC mice had increased pancreatic injury after administration of caerulein, significantly less normal tissue, more extracellular matrix deposition, and higher PanIN grade than KC mice. Human PanIN and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm had gene expression signatures associated with tuft cells and increased expression of Hpgds messenger RNA compared with PDA. CONCLUSIONS In mice with KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis, loss of tuft cells accelerates tumorigenesis and increases the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatic injury, via decreased production of prostaglandin D2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that tuft cells are a metaplasia-induced tumor attenuating cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E DelGiorno
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Vera Vavinskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikki K Lytle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Rajshekhar R Giraddi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Linjing Fang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Razia F Naeem
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Leonardo R Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Wahida H Ali
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Hubert Tseng
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Califonia
| | - Crystal Tsui
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Vikas B Gubbala
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maya Ridinger-Saison
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Makoto Ohmoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Galina A Erikson
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maxim Nikolaievich Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Susan M Kaech
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Califonia
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
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12
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Paschoal VA, Walenta E, Talukdar S, Pessentheiner AR, Osborn O, Hah N, Chi TJ, Tye GL, Armando AM, Evans RM, Chi NW, Quehenberger O, Olefsky JM, Oh DY. Positive Reinforcing Mechanisms between GPR120 and PPARγ Modulate Insulin Sensitivity. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1173-1188.e5. [PMID: 32413335 PMCID: PMC7337476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and PPARγ agonists each have insulin sensitizing effects. But whether these two pathways functionally interact and can be leveraged together to markedly improve insulin resistance has not been explored. Here, we show that treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) plus the GPR120 agonist Compound A leads to additive effects to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, but at lower doses of Rosi, thus avoiding its known side effects. Mechanistically, we show that GPR120 is a PPARγ target gene in adipocytes, while GPR120 augments PPARγ activity by inducing the endogenous ligand 15d-PGJ2 and by blocking ERK-mediated inhibition of PPARγ. Further, we used macrophage- (MKO) or adipocyte-specific GPR120 KO (AKO) mice to show that GRP120 has anti-inflammatory effects via macrophages while working with PPARγ in adipocytes to increase insulin sensitivity. These results raise the prospect of a safer way to increase insulin sensitization in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Paschoal
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evelyn Walenta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Merck & Co., Inc., SSF, 630 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler J Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George L Tye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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13
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Liang G, Hah N, Shi Y, Truitt ML, Antal CE, Atkins AR, Fraser C, Banayo E, Bashi S, Dai Y, Sherman M, Liddle C, Yu RT, Hunter T, Han H, Hoff DDV, Downes M, Evans RM. Abstract A29: Bicompartmental regulation of disease-related gene networks by histone deacetylase inhibition curbs pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca19-a29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A challenge for effective pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapy is to target the aggressive neoplasm that is shrouded by the dense fibrotic stroma. Epigenetic modulation has the potential to regulate genes or gene networks causing disease phenotypes. Here we show that the HDAC inhibitor entinostat (Ent) provides therapeutic benefits by regulating the gene networks important for PDAC in both the stromal and epithelial compartments. While an HDAC inhibitor is anticipated to broadly open chromatin and activate genes, in stromal pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), Ent unexpectedly restricts chromatin accessibility on and represses the gene networks essential for PSC activation, leading to proliferation arrest and reduced myofibroblast properties, including lower production of extracellular matrix and inflammatory and protumorigenic cytokines. Furthermore, Ent also attenuates the transcriptional responses of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to injury-related cytokines from the tumor microenvironment including TGF-beta and TNF-alpha. In the neoplastic epithelium, Ent induces cytostasis and de novo vulnerability in DNA repair pathways by systematically suppressing cell cycle and DNA repair genes. Notably, the bicompartmental effects of Ent were found to arrest cancer progression, prolong survival, and synergize with DNA damage-inducing agent cisplatin in genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of PDAC. Overall, our study not only establishes Ent as a novel therapeutic agent for PDAC but also reveals the mechanisms underlying its benefits.
Citation Format: Gaoyang Liang, Nasun Hah, Yu Shi, Morgan L. Truitt, Corina E. Antal, Annette R. Atkins, Cory Fraser, Ester Banayo, Senada Bashi, Yang Dai, Mara Sherman, Christopher Liddle, Ruth T. Yu, Tony Hunter, Haiyong Han, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Michael Downes, Ronald M. Evans. Bicompartmental regulation of disease-related gene networks by histone deacetylase inhibition curbs pancreatic cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Liang
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Nasun Hah
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Yu Shi
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | | | | | | | - Cory Fraser
- 2The Translational Genomic Institute, Phoenix, AZ,
| | - Ester Banayo
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Senada Bashi
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Yang Dai
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Mara Sherman
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | | | - Ruth T. Yu
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Tony Hunter
- 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Haiyong Han
- 2The Translational Genomic Institute, Phoenix, AZ,
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14
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Marchetto MC, Hrvoj-Mihic B, Kerman BE, Yu DX, Vadodaria KC, Linker SB, Narvaiza I, Santos R, Denli AM, Mendes AP, Oefner R, Cook J, McHenry L, Grasmick JM, Heard K, Fredlender C, Randolph-Moore L, Kshirsagar R, Xenitopoulos R, Chou G, Hah N, Muotri AR, Padmanabhan K, Semendeferi K, Gage FH. Species-specific maturation profiles of human, chimpanzee and bonobo neural cells. eLife 2019; 8:e37527. [PMID: 30730291 PMCID: PMC6366899 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative analyses of neuronal phenotypes in closely related species can shed light on neuronal changes occurring during evolution. The study of post-mortem brains of nonhuman primates (NHPs) has been limited and often does not recapitulate important species-specific developmental hallmarks. We utilize induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to investigate the development of cortical pyramidal neurons following migration and maturation of cells grafted in the developing mouse cortex. Our results show differential migration patterns in human neural progenitor cells compared to those of chimpanzees and bonobos both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting heterochronic changes in human neurons. The strategy proposed here lays the groundwork for further comparative analyses between humans and NHPs and opens new avenues for understanding the differences in the neural underpinnings of cognition and neurological disease susceptibility between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Branka Hrvoj-Mihic
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Bilal E Kerman
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Diana X Yu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Krishna C Vadodaria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Sara B Linker
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Iñigo Narvaiza
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Renata Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR S894 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| | - Ahmet M Denli
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ana Pd Mendes
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ruth Oefner
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Lauren McHenry
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jaeson M Grasmick
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Kelly Heard
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Callie Fredlender
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Lynne Randolph-Moore
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rijul Kshirsagar
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rea Xenitopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Grace Chou
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Nasun Hah
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Krishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, United States
| | - Katerina Semendeferi
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
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15
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Campos T, Hah N, Sodir N, Evans R, Littlewood T, Evan G. PO-096 Defining the role of Myc in the pancreatic cancer super enhancer network. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Wei Z, Yoshihara E, He N, Hah N, Fan W, Pinto AFM, Huddy T, Wang Y, Ross B, Estepa G, Dai Y, Ding N, Sherman MH, Fang S, Zhao X, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM. Vitamin D Switches BAF Complexes to Protect β Cells. Cell 2018; 173:1135-1149.e15. [PMID: 29754817 PMCID: PMC5987229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A primary cause of disease progression in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is β cell dysfunction due to inflammatory stress and insulin resistance. However, preventing β cell exhaustion under diabetic conditions is a major therapeutic challenge. Here, we identify the vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a key modulator of inflammation and β cell survival. Alternative recognition of an acetylated lysine in VDR by bromodomain proteins BRD7 and BRD9 directs association to PBAF and BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, respectively. Mechanistically, ligand promotes VDR association with PBAF to effect genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility and enhancer landscape, resulting in an anti-inflammatory response. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of BRD9 promotes PBAF-VDR association to restore β cell function and ameliorate hyperglycemia in murine T2D models. These studies reveal an unrecognized VDR-dependent transcriptional program underpinning β cell survival and identifies the VDR:PBAF/BAF association as a potential therapeutic target for T2D.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Humans
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Vitamin D/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Wei
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nanhai He
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antonio F M Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Huddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brittany Ross
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriela Estepa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ning Ding
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mara H Sherman
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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17
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Fan W, He N, Lin CS, Wei Z, Hah N, Waizenegger W, He MX, Liddle C, Yu RT, Atkins AR, Downes M, Evans RM. ERRγ Promotes Angiogenesis, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Oxidative Remodeling in PGC1α/β-Deficient Muscle. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2521-2529. [PMID: 29514081 PMCID: PMC5860878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC1α is a pleiotropic co-factor that affects angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxidative muscle remodeling via its association with multiple transcription factors, including the master oxidative nuclear receptor ERRγ. To decipher their epistatic relationship, we explored ERRγ gain of function in muscle-specific PGC1α/β double-knockout (PKO) mice. ERRγ-driven transcriptional reprogramming largely rescues muscle damage and improves muscle function in PKO mice, inducing mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defense, angiogenesis, and a glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type transformation independent of PGC1α/β. Furthermore, in combination with voluntary exercise, ERRγ gain of function largely restores mitochondrial energetic deficits in PKO muscle, resulting in a 5-fold increase in running performance. Thus, while PGC1s can interact with multiple transcription factors, these findings implicate ERRs as the major molecular target through which PGC1α/β regulates both innate and adaptive energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nanhai He
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chun Shi Lin
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wanda Waizenegger
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Xiao He
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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18
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Evan GI, Hah N, Littlewood TD, Sodir NM, Campos T, Downes M, Evans RM. Re-engineering the Pancreas Tumor Microenvironment: A "Regenerative Program" Hacked. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1647-1655. [PMID: 28373363 PMCID: PMC5381729 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The "hallmarks" of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) include proliferative, invasive, and metastatic tumor cells and an associated dense desmoplasia comprised of fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix, and immune cells. The oncogenically activated pancreatic epithelium and its associated stroma are obligatorily interdependent, with the resulting inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment contributing greatly to the evolution and maintenance of PDAC. The peculiar pancreas-specific tumor phenotype is a consequence of oncogenes hacking the resident pancreas regenerative program, a tissue-specific repair mechanism regulated by discrete super enhancer networks. Defined as genomic regions containing clusters of multiple enhancers, super enhancers play pivotal roles in cell/tissue specification, identity, and maintenance. Hence, interfering with such super enhancer-driven repair networks should exert a disproportionately disruptive effect on tumor versus normal pancreatic tissue. Novel drugs that directly or indirectly inhibit processes regulating epigenetic status and integrity, including those driven by histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferase and hydroxylases, DNA methyltransferases, various metabolic enzymes, and bromodomain and extraterminal motif proteins, have shown the feasibility of disrupting super enhancer-dependent transcription in treating multiple tumor types, including PDAC. The idea that pancreatic adenocarcinomas rely on embedded super enhancer transcriptional mechanisms suggests a vulnerability that can be potentially targeted as novel therapies for this intractable disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1647-55. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Pancreatic Cancer: Challenge and Inspiration."
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Trevor D Littlewood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole M Sodir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Campos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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19
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Hah N, Sherman MH, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM. Targeting Transcriptional and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Stromal Cells in Fibrosis and Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2016; 80:249-55. [PMID: 26801159 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2015.80.027185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basis of many human diseases arises from both genetic and epigenetic regulation. Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying transcriptional and epigenetic regulation and their prevalence as contributors to a diverse range of human diseases have led us to focus on transcription and epigenetic changes in a variety of human disease conditions. Specifically, our recent studies in liver fibrosis and pancreatic cancer have demonstrated that the epigenetic regulation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) significantly contributes to the progress in such diseases and presents great therapeutic potential. We show that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) acts as a master genomic suppressor in both HSC and PSC activation. The studies also have demonstrated that the VDR ligand reduces fibrosis and inflammation in a murine liver fibrosis and pancreatitis model. Although our current studies focus on characterizing the roles of VDR and regulatory regions within gene promoters and regulatory enhancers, we have expanded our effort to epigenetic mechanisms as major determinants of gene activation and repression in order to develop potential therapeutics to modulate stroma-associated pathologies including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mara H Sherman
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
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20
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Morinaga H, Mayoral R, Heinrichsdorff J, Osborn O, Franck N, Hah N, Walenta E, Bandyopadhyay G, Pessentheiner AR, Chi TJ, Chung H, Bogner-Strauss JG, Evans RM, Olefsky JM, Oh DY. Characterization of distinct subpopulations of hepatic macrophages in HFD/obese mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:1120-30. [PMID: 25315009 PMCID: PMC4375077 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current dogma is that obesity-associated hepatic inflammation is due to increased Kupffer cell (KC) activation. However, recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) were recently shown to represent a sizable liver macrophage population in the context of obesity. Therefore, we assessed whether KCs and RHMs, or both, represent the major liver inflammatory cell type in obesity. We used a combination of in vivo macrophage tracking methodologies and adoptive transfer techniques in which KCs and RHMs are differentially labeled with fluorescent markers. With these approaches, the inflammatory phenotype of these distinct macrophage populations was determined under lean and obese conditions. In vivo macrophage tracking revealed an approximately sixfold higher number of RHMs in obese mice than in lean mice, whereas the number of KCs was comparable. In addition, RHMs comprised smaller size and immature, monocyte-derived cells compared with KCs. Furthermore, RHMs from obese mice were more inflamed and expressed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 than RHMs from lean mice. A comparison of the MCP-1/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) chemokine system between the two cell types showed that the ligand (MCP-1) is more highly expressed in KCs than in RHMs, whereas CCR2 expression is approximately fivefold greater in RHMs. We conclude that KCs can participate in obesity-induced inflammation by causing the recruitment of RHMs, which are distinct from KCs and are not precursors to KCs. These RHMs then enhance the severity of obesity-induced inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Morinaga
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Mayoral
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA Networked Biomedical Research Center on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Heinrichsdorff
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Niclas Franck
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Evelyn Walenta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tyler J Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Daniel B, Nagy G, Hah N, Horvath A, Czimmerer Z, Poliska S, Gyuris T, Keirsse J, Gysemans C, Van Ginderachter JA, Balint BL, Evans RM, Barta E, Nagy L. The active enhancer network operated by liganded RXR supports angiogenic activity in macrophages. Genes Dev 2014; 28:1562-77. [PMID: 25030696 PMCID: PMC4102764 DOI: 10.1101/gad.242685.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, Nagy and colleagues use genome-wide approaches to uncover the activity of RXR, an enigmatic member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. RXR signaling is predicted to have a major impact in macrophages, but neither the biological consequence nor the genomic basis of its ligand activation is known. Integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, GRO-seq, and 3C-seq, the authors unravel the mechanism of RXR-induced transcriptional events in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Importantly, this study uncovers a novel biological activity—angiogenesis—that is promoted by the receptor. RXR signaling is predicted to have a major impact in macrophages, but neither the biological consequence nor the genomic basis of its ligand activation is known. Comprehensive genome-wide studies were carried out to map liganded RXR-mediated transcriptional changes, active binding sites, and cistromic interactions in the context of the macrophage genome architecture. The macrophage RXR cistrome has 5200 genomic binding sites, which are not impacted by ligand. Active enhancers are characterized by PU.1 binding, an increase of enhancer RNA, and P300 recruitment. Using these features, 387 liganded RXR-bound enhancers were linked to 226 genes, which predominantly reside in CTCF/cohesin-limited functional domains. These findings were molecularly validated using chromosome conformation capture (3C) and 3C combined with sequencing (3C-seq), and we show that selected long-range enhancers communicate with promoters via stable or RXR-induced loops and that some of the enhancers interact with each other, forming an interchromosomal network. A set of angiogenic genes, including Vegfa, has liganded RXR-controlled enhancers and provides the macrophage with a novel inducible program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Nasun Hah
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Tibor Gyuris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels B-1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels B-1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Balint L Balint
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ronald M Evans
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Endre Barta
- MTA-DE Lendület Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
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22
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Hah N, Kraus WL. Hormone-regulated transcriptomes: lessons learned from estrogen signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:652-664. [PMID: 23810978 PMCID: PMC3844033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent rapid advances in next generation sequencing technologies have expanded our understanding of steroid hormone signaling to a genome-wide level. In this review, we discuss the use of a novel genomic approach, global nuclear run-on coupled with massively parallel sequencing (GRO-seq), to explore new facets of the steroid hormone-regulated transcriptome, especially estrogen responses in breast cancer cells. GRO-seq is a high throughput sequencing method adapted from conventional nuclear run-on methodologies, which is used to obtain a map of the position and orientation of all transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerases across the genome with extremely high spatial resolution. GRO-seq, which is an excellent tool for examining transcriptional responses to extracellular stimuli, has been used to comprehensively assay the effects of estrogen signaling on the transcriptome of ERα-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. These studies have revealed new details about estrogen-dependent transcriptional regulation, including effects on transcription by all three RNA polymerases, complex transcriptional dynamics in response to estrogen signaling, and identification novel, unannotated non-coding RNAs. Collectively, these studies have been useful in discerning the molecular logic of the estrogen-regulated mitogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - W Lee Kraus
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
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23
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Danko C, Hah N, Luo X, Martins A, Core L, Lis J, Siepel A, Kraus W. Signaling Pathways Differentially Affect RNA Polymerase II Initiation, Pausing, and Elongation Rate in Cells. Mol Cell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Ahmadian M, Suh JM, Hah N, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Downes M, Evans RM. PPARγ signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future. Nat Med 2013; 19:557-66. [PMID: 23652116 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1524] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent insulin sensitizers that act through the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and are highly effective oral medications for type 2 diabetes. However, their unique benefits are shadowed by the risk for fluid retention, weight gain, bone loss and congestive heart failure. This raises the question as to whether it is possible to build a safer generation of PPARγ-specific drugs that evoke fewer side effects while preserving insulin-sensitizing potential. Recent studies that have supported the continuing physiologic and therapeutic relevance of the PPARγ pathway also provide opportunities to develop newer classes of molecules that reduce or eliminate adverse effects. This review highlights key advances in understanding PPARγ signaling in energy homeostasis and metabolic disease and also provides new explanations for adverse events linked to TZD-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadian
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abstract
We have integrated and analyzed a large number of data sets from a variety of genomic assays using a novel computational pipeline to provide a global view of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; a.k.a. ERα) enhancers in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Using this approach, we have defined a class of primary transcripts (eRNAs) that are transcribed uni- or bidirectionally from estrogen receptor binding sites (ERBSs) with an average transcription unit length of ∼3–5 kb. The majority are up-regulated by short treatments with estradiol (i.e., 10, 25, or 40 min) with kinetics that precede or match the induction of the target genes. The production of eRNAs at ERBSs is strongly correlated with the enrichment of a number of genomic features that are associated with enhancers (e.g., H3K4me1, H3K27ac, EP300/CREBBP, RNA polymerase II, open chromatin architecture), as well as enhancer looping to target gene promoters. In the absence of eRNA production, strong enrichment of these features is not observed, even though ESR1 binding is evident. We find that flavopiridol, a CDK9 inhibitor that blocks transcription elongation, inhibits eRNA production but does not affect other molecular indicators of enhancer activity, suggesting that eRNA production occurs after the assembly of active enhancers. Finally, we show that an enhancer transcription “signature” based on GRO-seq data can be used for de novo enhancer prediction across cell types. Together, our studies shed new light on the activity of ESR1 at its enhancer sites and provide new insights about enhancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasun Hah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Danko CG, Hah N, Luo X, Martins AL, Core L, Lis JT, Siepel A, Kraus WL. Signaling pathways differentially affect RNA polymerase II initiation, pausing, and elongation rate in cells. Mol Cell 2013; 50:212-22. [PMID: 23523369 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes hundreds of kilobases of DNA, limiting the production of mRNAs and lncRNAs. We used global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) to measure the rates of transcription by Pol II following gene activation. Elongation rates vary as much as 4-fold at different genomic loci and in response to two distinct cellular signaling pathways (i.e., 17β-estradiol [E2] and TNF-α). The rates are slowest near the promoter and increase during the first ~15 kb transcribed. Gene body elongation rates correlate with Pol II density, resulting in systematically higher rates of transcript production at genes with higher Pol II density. Pol II dynamics following short inductions indicate that E2 stimulates gene expression by increasing Pol II initiation, whereas TNF-α reduces Pol II residence time at pause sites. Collectively, our results identify previously uncharacterized variation in the rate of transcription and highlight elongation as an important, variable, and regulated rate-limiting step during transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Danko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Sun M, Isaacs GD, Hah N, Heldring N, Fogarty EA, Kraus WL. Estrogen regulates JNK1 genomic localization to control gene expression and cell growth in breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:736-47. [PMID: 22446103 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormone and MAPK signaling pathways functionally intersect, but the molecular mechanisms of this cross talk are unclear. Here, we demonstrate a functional convergence of the estrogen and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) signaling pathways at the genomic level in breast cancer cells. We find that JNK1 binds to many promoters across the genome. Although most of the JNK1-binding sites are constitutive, a subset is estrogen regulated (either induced on inhibited). At the estrogen-induced sites, estrogen receptor (ER)α is required for the binding of JNK1 by promoting its recruitment to estrogen response elements or other classes of DNA elements through a tethering mechanism, which in some cases involves activating protein-1. At estrogen-regulated promoters, JNK1 functions as a transcriptional coregulator of ERα in a manner that is dependent on its kinase activity. The convergence of ERα and JNK1 at target gene promoters regulates estrogen-dependent gene expression outcomes, as well as downstream estrogen-dependent cell growth responses. Analysis of existing gene expression profiles from breast cancer biopsies suggests a role for functional interplay between ERα and JNK1 in the progression and clinical outcome of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8511, USA
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Hah N, Danko C, Core L, Waterfall J, Siepel A, Lis J, Kraus W. A Rapid, Extensive, and Transient Transcriptional Response to Estrogen Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells. Cell 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hah N, Danko CG, Core L, Waterfall JJ, Siepel A, Lis JT, Kraus WL. A rapid, extensive, and transient transcriptional response to estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells. Cell 2011; 145:622-34. [PMID: 21549415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the immediate effects of estrogen signaling on the transcriptome of breast cancer cells using global run-on and sequencing (GRO-seq). The data were analyzed using a new bioinformatic approach that allowed us to identify transcripts directly from the GRO-seq data. We found that estrogen signaling directly regulates a strikingly large fraction of the transcriptome in a rapid, robust, and unexpectedly transient manner. In addition to protein-coding genes, estrogen regulates the distribution and activity of all three RNA polymerases and virtually every class of noncoding RNA that has been described to date. We also identified a large number of previously undetected estrogen-regulated intergenic transcripts, many of which are found proximal to estrogen receptor binding sites. Collectively, our results provide the most comprehensive measurement of the primary and immediate estrogen effects to date and a resource for understanding rapid signal-dependent transcription in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasun Hah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Hah N, Kolkman A, Ruhl DD, Pijnappel WWMP, Heck AJR, Timmers HTM, Kraus WL. A role for BAF57 in cell cycle-dependent transcriptional regulation by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4402-11. [PMID: 20460533 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that plays pivotal roles in gene regulation and cell cycle control. In the present study, we explored the molecular functions of the BAF57 subunit of SWI/SNF in cell cycle control via transcriptional regulation of cell cycle-related genes. We affinity purified SWI/SNF from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged BAF47/Ini1 with or without stable short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of BAF57. The subunit composition of the holo-SWI/SNF and BAF57-depleted SWI/SNF complexes from these cells was determined using a quantitative SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture)-based proteomic approach. Depletion of BAF57 resulted in a significant codepletion of BAF180 from the SWI/SNF complex without decreasing total cellular BAF180 levels. In biochemical assays of SWI/SNF activity, the holo-SWI/SNF and BAF57/BAF180-depleted SWI/SNF complexes exhibited similar activities. However, in cell proliferation assays using HeLa cells, knockdown of BAF57 resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G(2)-M phase, inhibition of colony formation, and impaired growth in soft agar. Knockdown of BAF57 also caused transcriptional misregulation of various cell cycle-related genes, especially genes involved in late G(2). Collectively, our results have identified a new role for BAF57 within the SWI/SNF complex that is required for (a) maintaining the proper subunit composition of the complex and (b) cell cycle progression through the transcriptional regulation of a subset of cell cycle-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasun Hah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in inflammation, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. We found that phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated invasion of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SNU-387 and SNU-398 cells and that PMA induced the secretion of MMP-9 in the cells, but did not induce the secretion of MMP-2. The PMA-induced MMP-9 secretion was abolished by treatment of a pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X, and an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, sulfasalazine, and partly inhibited by treatment of inhibitors of ERK pathway, PD98059 and U0126. In addition, the PMA-stimulated activation of the MMP-9 promoter was completely inhibited by a mutation of the NF-kappaB site within the MMP-9 promoter, but not completely by mutations of two AP-1 sites. Moreover, the MMP-9 induction by HGF and TNF-alpha was also completely inhibited by GF109203X and sulfasalazine, but not by PD98059 and U0126. These data demonstrate that the PKC-dependent NF-kappaB activation is absolute for MMP-9 induction and that the PKC-dependent ERK activation devotes to increase the expression level of MMP-9, in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasun Hah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, and Protein Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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