1
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Kuhlmann-Hogan A, Cordes T, Xu Z, Kuna RS, Traina KA, Robles-Oteiza C, Ayeni D, Kwong EM, Levy S, Globig AM, Nobari MM, Cheng GZ, Leibel SL, Homer RJ, Shaw RJ, Metallo CM, Politi K, Kaech SM. EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinomas coopt alveolar macrophage metabolism and function to support EGFR signaling and growth. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:733526. [PMID: 38241033 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of currently approved immunotherapies in EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) underscores the need to better understand alternative mechanisms governing local immunosuppression to fuel novel therapies. Elevated surfactant and GM-CSF secretion from the transformed epithelium induces tumor-associated alveolar macrophage (TA-AM) proliferation which supports tumor growth by rewiring inflammatory functions and lipid metabolism. TA-AM properties are driven by increased GM-CSF-PPARγ signaling and inhibition of airway GM-CSF or PPARγ in TA-AMs suppresses cholesterol efflux to tumor cells, which impairs EGFR phosphorylation and restrains LUAD progression. In the absence of TA-AM metabolic support, LUAD cells compensate by increasing cholesterol synthesis, and blocking PPARγ in TA-AMs simultaneous with statin therapy further suppresses tumor progression and increases proinflammatory immune responses. These results reveal new therapeutic combinations for immunotherapy resistant EGFR-mutant LUADs and demonstrate how cancer cells can metabolically co-opt TA-AMs through GM-CSF-PPARγ signaling to provide nutrients that promote oncogenic signaling and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ziyan Xu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies
| | - Ramya S Kuna
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Ca, United States
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth M Kwong
- University of California San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Stellar Levy
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | - George Z Cheng
- University of California San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandra L Leibel
- University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Reuben J Shaw
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Susan M Kaech
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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Zhang T, Xu D, Trefts E, Lv M, Inuzuka H, Song G, Liu M, Lu J, Liu J, Chu C, Wang M, Wang H, Meng H, Liu H, Zhuang Y, Xie X, Dang F, Guan D, Men Y, Jiang S, Jiang C, Dai X, Liu J, Wang Z, Yan P, Wang J, Tu Z, Babuta M, Erickson E, Hillis AL, Dibble CC, Asara JM, Szabo G, Sicinski P, Miao J, Lee YR, Pan L, Shaw RJ, Yuan J, Wei W. Metabolic orchestration of cell death by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of RIPK1. Science 2023; 380:1372-1380. [PMID: 37384704 PMCID: PMC10617018 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is stimulated to promote metabolic adaptation upon energy stress. However, sustained metabolic stress may cause cell death. The mechanisms by which AMPK dictates cell death are not fully understood. We report that metabolic stress promoted receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) activation mediated by TRAIL receptors, whereas AMPK inhibited RIPK1 by phosphorylation at Ser415 to suppress energy stress-induced cell death. Inhibiting pS415-RIPK1 by Ampk deficiency or RIPK1 S415A mutation promoted RIPK1 activation. Furthermore, genetic inactivation of RIPK1 protected against ischemic injury in myeloid Ampkα1-deficient mice. Our studies reveal that AMPK phosphorylation of RIPK1 represents a crucial metabolic checkpoint, which dictates cell fate response to metabolic stress, and highlight a previously unappreciated role for the AMPK-RIPK1 axis in integrating metabolism, cell death, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guobin Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianlin Lu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianping Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huibing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huyan Meng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xingxing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuqin Men
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mrigya Babuta
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily Erickson
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alissandra L. Hillis
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christian C. Dibble
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gyongy Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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3
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Kuna RS, Kumar A, Wessendorf-Rodriguez KA, Galvez H, Green CR, McGregor GH, Cordes T, Shaw RJ, Svensson RU, Metallo CM. Inter-organelle cross-talk supports acetyl-coenzyme A homeostasis and lipogenesis under metabolic stress. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf0138. [PMID: 37134162 PMCID: PMC10156121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells rely on acetyl-CoA to support membrane biogenesis and acetylation. Several organelle-specific pathways are available for provision of acetyl-CoA as nutrient availability fluctuates, so understanding how cells maintain acetyl-CoA homeostasis under such stresses is critically important. To this end, we applied 13C isotope tracing cell lines deficient in these mitochondrial [ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)]-, cytosolic [acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS2)]-, and peroxisomal [peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5)]-dependent pathways. ACLY knockout in multiple cell lines reduced fatty acid synthesis and increased reliance on extracellular lipids or acetate. Knockout of both ACLY and ACSS2 (DKO) severely stunted but did not entirely block proliferation, suggesting that alternate pathways can support acetyl-CoA homeostasis. Metabolic tracing and PEX5 knockout studies link peroxisomal oxidation of exogenous lipids as a major source of acetyl-CoA for lipogenesis and histone acetylation in cells lacking ACLY, highlighting a role for inter-organelle cross-talk in supporting cell survival in response to nutrient fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya S. Kuna
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avi Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karl A. Wessendorf-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hector Galvez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Courtney R. Green
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Grace H. McGregor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Christian M. Metallo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Malik N, Ferreira BI, Hollstein PE, Curtis SD, Trefts E, Novak SW, Yu J, Gilson R, Hellberg K, Fang L, Sheridan A, Hah N, Shadel GS, Manor U, Shaw RJ. Induction of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1. Science 2023; 380:eabj5559. [PMID: 37079666 PMCID: PMC10794112 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes through phosphorylation and prolonged adaptation of metabolism through transcriptional effects. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a major effector of AMPK that increases expression of lysosome genes in response to energetic stress, but how AMPK activates TFEB remains unresolved. We demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates five conserved serine residues in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), suppressing the function of the folliculin (FLCN)-FNIP1 complex. FNIP1 phosphorylation is required for AMPK to induce nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFEB-dependent increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) messenger RNAs. Thus, mitochondrial damage triggers AMPK-FNIP1-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB, inducing sequential waves of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingjing Fang
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Stein BD, Ferrarone JR, Gardner EE, Chang JW, Wu D, Hollstein PE, Liang RJ, Yuan M, Chen Q, Coukos JS, Sindelar M, Ngo B, Gross SS, Shaw RJ, Zhang C, Asara JM, Moellering RE, Varmus H, Cantley LC. LKB1-Dependent Regulation of TPI1 Creates a Divergent Metabolic Liability between Human and Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1002-1025. [PMID: 36715544 PMCID: PMC10068449 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human lung adenocarcinomas (hLUAD), and activating mutations frequently co-occur with loss-of-function mutations in TP53 or STK11/LKB1. However, mutation of all three genes is rarely observed in hLUAD, even though engineered comutation is highly aggressive in mouse lung adenocarcinoma (mLUAD). Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation for this difference by uncovering an evolutionary divergence in the regulation of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1). In hLUAD, TPI1 activity is regulated via phosphorylation at Ser21 by the salt inducible kinases (SIK) in an LKB1-dependent manner, modulating flux between the completion of glycolysis and production of glycerol lipids. In mice, Ser21 of TPI1 is a Cys residue that can be oxidized to alter TPI1 activity without a need for SIKs or LKB1. Our findings suggest this metabolic flexibility is critical in rapidly growing cells with KRAS and TP53 mutations, explaining why the loss of LKB1 creates a liability in these tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Utilizing phosphoproteomics and metabolomics in genetically engineered human cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), we uncover an evolutionary divergence in metabolic regulation within a clinically relevant genotype of human LUAD with therapeutic implications. Our data provide a cautionary example of the limits of GEMMs as tools to study human diseases such as cancers. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Stein
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John R. Ferrarone
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eric E. Gardner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Wu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Roger J. Liang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Min Yuan
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John S. Coukos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miriam Sindelar
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bryan Ngo
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John M. Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Harold Varmus
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Eichner LJ, Curtis SD, Brun SN, McGuire CK, Gushterova I, Baumgart JT, Trefts E, Ross DS, Rymoff TJ, Shaw RJ. HDAC3 is critical in tumor development and therapeutic resistance in Kras-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd3243. [PMID: 36930718 PMCID: PMC10022903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HDAC3 is one of the main targets of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in clinical development as cancer therapies, yet the in vivo role of HDAC3 in solid tumors is unknown. We identified a critical role for HDAC3 in Kras-mutant lung cancer. Using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), we found that HDAC3 is required for lung tumor growth in vivo. HDAC3 was found to direct and enhance the transcription effects of the lung cancer lineage transcription factor NKX2-1 to mediate expression of a common set of target genes. We identified FGFR1 as a critical previously unidentified target of HDAC3. Leveraging this, we identified that an HDAC3-dependent transcriptional cassette becomes hyperactivated as Kras/LKB1-mutant cells develop resistance to the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and this can be reversed by treatment with the HDAC1/HDAC3 inhibitor entinostat. We found that the combination of entinostat plus trametinib treatment elicits therapeutic benefit in the Kras/LKB1 GEMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J. Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sonja N. Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Caroline K. McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joshua T. Baumgart
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Debbie S. Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Tammy J. Rymoff
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
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7
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Pariollaud M, Ibrahim LH, Irizarry E, Mello RM, Chan AB, Altman BJ, Shaw RJ, Bollong MJ, Wiseman RL, Lamia KA. Circadian disruption enhances HSF1 signaling and tumorigenesis in Kras-driven lung cancer. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo1123. [PMID: 36170373 PMCID: PMC9519049 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted circadian rhythmicity is a prominent feature of modern society and has been designated as a probable carcinogen by the World Health Organization. However, the biological mechanisms that connect circadian disruption and cancer risk remain largely undefined. We demonstrate that exposure to chronic circadian disruption [chronic jetlag (CJL)] increases tumor burden in a mouse model of KRAS-driven lung cancer. Molecular characterization of tumors and tumor-bearing lung tissues revealed that CJL enhances the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) target genes. Consistently, exposure to CJL disrupted the highly rhythmic nuclear trafficking of HSF1 in the lung, resulting in an enhanced accumulation of HSF1 in the nucleus. HSF1 has been shown to promote tumorigenesis in other systems, and we find that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of HSF1 reduces the growth of KRAS-mutant human lung cancer cells. These findings implicate HSF1 as a molecular link between circadian disruption and enhanced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pariollaud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lara H. Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emanuel Irizarry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Mello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alanna B. Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael J. Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A. Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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8
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Lim EW, Handzlik MK, Trefts E, Gengatharan JM, Pondevida CM, Shaw RJ, Metallo CM. Progressive alterations in amino acid and lipid metabolism correlate with peripheral neuropathy in PolgD257A mice. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj4077. [PMID: 34652935 PMCID: PMC8519573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to metabolic homeostasis, and progressive mitochondrial defects have diverse metabolic consequences that could drive distinct pathophysiological states. Here, we comprehensively characterized metabolic alterations in PolgD257A mice. Plasma alanine increased markedly with time, with other organic acids accumulating to a lesser extent. These changes were reflective of increased Cori and Cahill cycling in PolgD257A mice and subsequent hypoglycemia, which did not occur during normal mouse aging. Tracing with [15N]ammonium further supported this shift in amino acid metabolism with mild impairment of the urea cycle. We also measured alterations in the lipidome, observing a reduction in canonical lipids and accumulation of 1-deoxysphingolipids, which are synthesized from alanine via promiscuous serine palmitoyltransferase activity and correlate with peripheral neuropathy. Consistent with this metabolic link, PolgD257A mice exhibited thermal hypoalgesia. These results highlight the longitudinal changes that occur in intermediary metabolism upon mitochondrial impairment and identify a contributing mechanism to mitochondria-associated neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther W. Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michal K. Handzlik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jivani M. Gengatharan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Carlos M. Pondevida
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christian M. Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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9
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Trefts E, Shaw RJ. AMPK: restoring metabolic homeostasis over space and time. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3677-3690. [PMID: 34547233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of AMPK and its homologs enabled exquisite responsivity and control of cellular energetic homeostasis. Recent work has been critical in establishing the mechanisms that determine AMPK activity, novel targets of AMPK action, and the distribution of AMPK-mediated control networks across the cellular landscape. The role of AMPK as a hub of metabolic control has led to intense interest in pharmacologic activation as a therapeutic avenue for a number of disease states, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. As such, critical work on the compartmentalization of AMPK, its downstream targets, and the systems it influences has progressed in recent years. The variegated distribution of AMPK-mediated control of metabolic homeostasis has revealed key insights into AMPK in normal biology and future directions for AMPK-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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James P, Bekiroglu F, Broderick D, Khattak O, Lowe D, Schache A, Shaw RJ, Rogers SN. Immediate postoperative care on high dependency unit or ward following microvascular free tissue transfer: lessons learnt from a change in practice imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 60:343-349. [PMID: 34852938 PMCID: PMC8388193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in sudden changes to the established practice of using the high dependency unit (HDU) for the first night of postoperative care following microvascular free tissue transfer. Patients were managed instead on the head and neck ward. This retrospective case-note review aimed to report outcomes in consecutive patients treated before and during the pandemic, and to reflect on the implications of ward-based rather than HDU care. A total of 235 patients had free tissue transfer between 3 January 2019 and 25 February 2021: 125 before (lockdown 23 March 2020), and 110 during the pandemic (52 ward-managed and 58 HDU-managed). There were subtle case-mix differences during the pandemic, with 92% of ward-treated patients having oral cancers compared with 64% of HDU patients, and 73% of ward patients having a tracheostomy compared with 40% of HDU patients. Ward patients were less likely to receive electrolyte replacement (45% HDU vs 0% ward) and inotropes (12% HDU vs 2% ward). There were fewer returns to theatre for evacuation of a haematoma or re-anastomosis during the pandemic than there were before it. Other than fewer haematoma complications during the pandemic, the nature of complications was similar. In conclusion, the dramatic changes imposed by the pandemic have shown that the ward is a safe place for patients to be cared for immediately postoperatively, and it alleviates the bed pressures experienced in HDU. Careful case selection and clear criteria are required to identify patients who need the HDU.
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Affiliation(s)
- P James
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK.
| | - F Bekiroglu
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK.
| | - D Broderick
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK.
| | - O Khattak
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK.
| | - D Lowe
- Astraglobe Ltd, Congleton, Cheshire, UK.
| | - A Schache
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK.
| | - R J Shaw
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK; Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK.
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11
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Hung CM, Lombardo PS, Malik N, Brun SN, Hellberg K, Van Nostrand JL, Garcia D, Baumgart J, Diffenderfer K, Asara JM, Shaw RJ. AMPK/ULK1-mediated phosphorylation of Parkin ACT domain mediates an early step in mitophagy. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/15/eabg4544. [PMID: 33827825 PMCID: PMC8026119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 mediates autophagy initiation in response to various cellular stresses, and genetic deletion of ULK1 leads to accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Here we identify Parkin, the core ubiquitin ligase in mitophagy, and PARK2 gene product mutated in familial Parkinson's disease, as a ULK1 substrate. Recent studies uncovered a nine residue ("ACT") domain important for Parkin activation, and we demonstrate that AMPK-dependent ULK1 rapidly phosphorylates conserved serine108 in the ACT domain in response to mitochondrial stress. Phosphorylation of Parkin Ser108 occurs maximally within five minutes of mitochondrial damage, unlike activation of PINK1 and TBK1, which is observed thirty to sixty minutes later. Mutation of the ULK1 phosphorylation sites in Parkin, genetic AMPK or ULK1 depletion, or pharmacologic ULK1 inhibition, all lead to delays in Parkin activation and defects in assays of Parkin function and downstream mitophagy events. These findings reveal an unexpected first step in the mitophagy cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Hung
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Portia S Lombardo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeanine L Van Nostrand
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Garcia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joshua Baumgart
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ken Diffenderfer
- Stem Cell Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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12
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Lin C, Blessing AM, Pulliam TL, Shi Y, Wilkenfeld SR, Han JJ, Murray MM, Pham AH, Duong K, Brun SN, Shaw RJ, Ittmann MM, Frigo DE. Inhibition of CAMKK2 impairs autophagy and castration-resistant prostate cancer via suppression of AMPK-ULK1 signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:1690-1705. [PMID: 33531625 PMCID: PMC7935762 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has suggested androgen receptor (AR) signaling mediates prostate cancer progression in part through the modulation of autophagy. However, clinical trials testing autophagy inhibition using chloroquine derivatives in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have yet to yield promising results, potentially due to the side effects of this class of compounds. We hypothesized that identification of the upstream activators of autophagy in prostate cancer could highlight alternative, context-dependent targets for blocking this important cellular process during disease progression. Here, we used molecular, genetic, and pharmacological approaches to elucidate an AR-mediated autophagy cascade involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2; a kinase with a restricted expression profile), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), but independent of canonical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Increased CAMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 signaling correlated with disease progression in genetic mouse models and patient tumor samples. Importantly, CAMKK2 disruption impaired tumor growth and prolonged survival in multiple CRPC preclinical mouse models. Similarly, an inhibitor of AMPK-ULK1 blocked autophagy, cell growth, and colony formation in prostate cancer cells. Collectively, our findings converge to demonstrate that AR can co-opt the CAMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 signaling cascade to promote prostate cancer by increasing autophagy. Thus, this pathway may represent an alternative autophagic target in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia M Blessing
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jenny J Han
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mollianne M Murray
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander H Pham
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Duong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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O'Connell JE, Brown JS, Rogers SN, Bekiroglu F, Schache A, Shaw RJ. Outcomes of microvascular composite reconstruction for mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:1031-1035. [PMID: 34531074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to compare outcomes and reconstruction-related complications in patients receiving a composite free flap reconstruction of the mandible for ORN with those reconstructed for other indications. The records of all patients who underwent composite reconstruction of a mandibular defect at Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, were reviewed and analysed. Based on radiotherapy exposure and ORN history, the study cohort was divided into three separate case-matched groups. Local wound healing issues were markedly more common in the ORN setting, as was infection and subsequent osteosynthesis plate(s) removal. Free flap survival was similar among all three case-matched groups. Advanced mandibular ORN may be safely and predictably reconstructed with composite free flaps, and that while the rate of local complications is greater than non-irradiated, and non-ORN case-matched controls, the free flap survival rate compares favourably.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E O'Connell
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Aintree Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL.
| | - J S Brown
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Aintree Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL
| | - S N Rogers
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Aintree Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL; Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - F Bekiroglu
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Aintree Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL
| | - A Schache
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Aintree Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL; Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road Liverpool L3 9TA
| | - R J Shaw
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Aintree Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL; Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road Liverpool L3 9TA
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14
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Ren H, Bakas NA, Vamos M, Chaikuad A, Limpert AS, Wimer CD, Brun SN, Lambert LJ, Tautz L, Celeridad M, Sheffler DJ, Knapp S, Shaw RJ, Cosford NDP. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of an Orally Active Dual-Specific ULK1/2 Autophagy Inhibitor that Synergizes with the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14609-14625. [PMID: 33200929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of autophagy, the major cellular recycling pathway in mammalian cells, is a promising strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We previously reported SBI-0206965, a small molecule inhibitor of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), which is a key regulator of autophagy initiation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of new dual inhibitors of ULK1 and ULK2 (ULK1/2). One inhibitor, SBP-7455 (compound 26), displayed improved binding affinity for ULK1/2 compared with SBI-0206965, potently inhibited ULK1/2 enzymatic activity in vitro and in cells, reduced the viability of TNBC cells and had oral bioavailability in mice. SBP-7455 inhibited starvation-induced autophagic flux in TNBC cells that were dependent on autophagy for survival and displayed synergistic cytotoxicity with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib against TNBC cells. These data suggest that combining ULK1/2 and PARP inhibition may have clinical utility for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Ren
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicole A Bakas
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mitchell Vamos
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Allison S Limpert
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carina D Wimer
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Lester J Lambert
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lutz Tautz
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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15
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Stein BD, Calzolari D, Hellberg K, Hu YS, He L, Hung CM, Toyama EQ, Ross DS, Lillemeier BF, Cantley LC, Yates JR, Shaw RJ. Quantitative In Vivo Proteomics of Metformin Response in Liver Reveals AMPK-Dependent and -Independent Signaling Networks. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3331-3348.e7. [PMID: 31801093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the front-line treatment for type 2 diabetes worldwide. It acts via effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolic tissues, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity. Despite significant effort, the molecular basis for metformin response remains poorly understood, with a limited number of specific biochemical pathways studied to date. To broaden our understanding of hepatic metformin response, we combine phospho-protein enrichment in tissue from genetically engineered mice with a quantitative proteomics platform to enable the discovery and quantification of basophilic kinase substrates in vivo. We define proteins whose binding to 14-3-3 are acutely regulated by metformin treatment and/or loss of the serine/threonine kinase, LKB1. Inducible binding of 250 proteins following metformin treatment is observed, 44% of which proteins bind in a manner requiring LKB1. Beyond AMPK, metformin activates protein kinase D and MAPKAPK2 in an LKB1-independent manner, revealing additional kinases that may mediate aspects of metformin response. Deeper analysis uncovered substrates of AMPK in endocytosis and calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Diego Calzolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying S Hu
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lin He
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chien-Min Hung
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erin Q Toyama
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Björn F Lillemeier
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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O'Connell JE, Schache AG, Fleming S, Shaw RJ. Virtual surgical planning in mandibular reconstruction using scapular free flaps: a technical note. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:724-725. [PMID: 34090733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E O'Connell
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
| | - A G Schache
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Northwest Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Fleming
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Northwest Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Van Nostrand JL, Hellberg K, Luo EC, Van Nostrand EL, Dayn A, Yu J, Shokhirev MN, Dayn Y, Yeo GW, Shaw RJ. AMPK regulation of Raptor and TSC2 mediate metformin effects on transcriptional control of anabolism and inflammation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1330-1344. [PMID: 32912901 PMCID: PMC7528705 DOI: 10.1101/gad.339895.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, Van Nostrand et al. investigated the mechanisms of action of the biguanide drug metformin by using a new RaptorAA mouse model, in which AMPK phospho-serine sites Ser722 and Ser792 of RAPTOR were mutated to alanine. The hepatic transcriptional response in mice on a high-fat diet treated with metformin was largely ablated by AMPK deficiency under the conditions examined, indicating the essential role of this kinase and its targets in metformin action in vivo. Despite being the frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms of action of the biguanide drug metformin are still being discovered. In particular, the detailed molecular interplays between the AMPK and the mTORC1 pathway in the hepatic benefits of metformin are still ill defined. Metformin-dependent activation of AMPK classically inhibits mTORC1 via TSC/RHEB, but several lines of evidence suggest additional mechanisms at play in metformin inhibition of mTORC1. Here we investigated the role of direct AMPK-mediated serine phosphorylation of RAPTOR in a new RaptorAA mouse model, in which AMPK phospho-serine sites Ser722 and Ser792 of RAPTOR were mutated to alanine. Metformin treatment of primary hepatocytes and intact murine liver requires AMPK regulation of both RAPTOR and TSC2 to fully inhibit mTORC1, and this regulation is critical for both the translational and transcriptional response to metformin. Transcriptionally, AMPK and mTORC1 were both important for regulation of anabolic metabolism and inflammatory programs triggered by metformin treatment. The hepatic transcriptional response in mice on high-fat diet treated with metformin was largely ablated by AMPK deficiency under the conditions examined, indicating the essential role of this kinase and its targets in metformin action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine L Van Nostrand
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - En-Ching Luo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Eric L Van Nostrand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alina Dayn
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yelena Dayn
- Transgenic Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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18
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Yoon H, Spinelli JB, Zaganjor E, Wong SJ, German NJ, Randall EC, Dean A, Clermont A, Paulo JA, Garcia D, Li H, Rombold O, Agar NYR, Goodyear LJ, Shaw RJ, Gygi SP, Auwerx J, Haigis MC. PHD3 Loss Promotes Exercise Capacity and Fat Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2020; 32:215-228.e7. [PMID: 32663458 PMCID: PMC8065255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid alterations in cellular metabolism allow tissues to maintain homeostasis during changes in energy availability. The central metabolic regulator acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is robustly phosphorylated during cellular energy stress by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to relieve its suppression of fat oxidation. While ACC2 can also be hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3), the physiological consequence thereof is poorly understood. We find that ACC2 phosphorylation and hydroxylation occur in an inverse fashion. ACC2 hydroxylation occurs in conditions of high energy and represses fatty acid oxidation. PHD3-null mice demonstrate loss of ACC2 hydroxylation in heart and skeletal muscle and display elevated fatty acid oxidation. Whole body or skeletal muscle-specific PHD3 loss enhances exercise capacity during an endurance exercise challenge. In sum, these data identify an unexpected link between AMPK and PHD3, and a role for PHD3 in acute exercise endurance capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha J Wong
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie J German
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Afsah Dean
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Clermont
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Garcia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Rombold
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery and Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Schmitt DL, Zhang JF, Chen M, Leung A, He CY, Curtis SD, Mehta S, Shaw RJ, Rangamani P, Zhang J. Illuminating Spatiotemporal Regulation of AMPK with a Genetically Encoded Excitation‐Ratiometric Biosensor for AMPK. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Stein BD, Herzig S, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Lavallée-Adam M, Shaw RJ, Yates JR. Comparison of CRISPR Genomic Tagging for Affinity Purification and Endogenous Immunoprecipitation Coupled with Quantitative Mass Spectrometry To Identify the Dynamic AMPKα2 Interactome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3703-3714. [PMID: 31398040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome editing technologies have enabled the insertion of epitope tags at endogenous loci with relative efficiency. We describe an approach for investigation of protein interaction dynamics of the AMP-activated kinase complex AMPK using a catalytic subunit AMPKα2 (PRKAA2 gene) as the bait, based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing coupled to stable isotope labeling in cell culture, multidimensional protein identification technology, and computational and statistical analyses. Furthermore, we directly compare this genetic epitope tagging approach to endogenous immunoprecipitations of the same gene under homologous conditions to assess differences in observed interactors. Additionally, we directly compared each enrichment strategy in the genetically modified cell-line with two separate endogenous antibodies. For each approach, we analyzed the interaction profiles of this protein complex under basal and activated states, and after implementing the same analytical, computational, and statistical analyses, we found that high-confidence protein interactors vary greatly with each method and between commercially available endogenous antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stein
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California , United States.,Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory , The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla , California , United States
| | - Sébastien Herzig
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory , The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla , California , United States
| | - Salvador Martínez-Bartolomé
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California , United States
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California , United States
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory , The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla , California , United States
| | - John R Yates
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California , United States
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21
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Hollstein PE, Eichner LJ, Brun SN, Kamireddy A, Svensson RU, Vera LI, Ross DS, Rymoff TJ, Hutchins A, Galvez HM, Williams AE, Shokhirev MN, Screaton RA, Berdeaux R, Shaw RJ. The AMPK-Related Kinases SIK1 and SIK3 Mediate Key Tumor-Suppressive Effects of LKB1 in NSCLC. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1606-1627. [PMID: 31350328 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the LKB1 (also known as STK11) tumor suppressor are the third most frequent genetic alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LKB1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that directly phosphorylates and activates 14 AMPK family kinases ("AMPKRs"). The function of many of the AMPKRs remains obscure, and which are most critical to the tumor-suppressive function of LKB1 remains unknown. Here, we combine CRISPR and genetic analysis of the AMPKR family in NSCLC cell lines and mouse models, revealing a surprising critical role for the SIK subfamily. Conditional genetic loss of Sik1 revealed increased tumor growth in mouse models of Kras-dependent lung cancer, which was further enhanced by loss of the related kinase Sik3. As most known substrates of the SIKs control transcription, gene-expression analysis was performed, revealing upregulation of AP1 and IL6 signaling in common between LKB1- and SIK1/3-deficient tumors. The SIK substrate CRTC2 was required for this effect, as well as for proliferation benefits from SIK loss. SIGNIFICANCE: The tumor suppressor LKB1/STK11 encodes a serine/threonine kinase frequently inactivated in NSCLC. LKB1 activates 14 downstream kinases in the AMPK family controlling growth and metabolism, although which kinases are critical for LKB1 tumor-suppressor function has remained an enigma. Here we unexpectedly found that two understudied kinases, SIK1 and SIK3, are critical targets in lung cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Lillian J Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert U Svensson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Liliana I Vera
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - T J Rymoff
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Amanda Hutchins
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Hector M Galvez
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - April E Williams
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert A Screaton
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
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22
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Rodón L, Svensson RU, Wiater E, Chun MGH, Tsai WW, Eichner LJ, Shaw RJ, Montminy M. The CREB coactivator CRTC2 promotes oncogenesis in LKB1-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw6455. [PMID: 31355336 PMCID: PMC6656544 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The LKB1 tumor suppressor is often mutationally inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LKB1 phosphorylates and activates members of the AMPK family of Ser/Thr kinases. Within this family, the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) modulate gene expression in part via the inhibitory phosphorylation of the CRTCs, coactivators for CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). The loss of LKB1 causes SIK inactivation and the induction of the CRTCs, leading to the up-regulation of CREB target genes. We identified CRTC2 as a critical factor in LKB1-deficient NSCLC. CRTC2 is unphosphorylated and therefore constitutively activated in LKB1-mutant NSCLC, where it promotes tumor growth, in part via the induction of the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1), a bona fide CREB target gene. As ID1 expression is up-regulated and confers poor prognosis in LKB1-deficient NSCLC, our results suggest that small molecules that inhibit CRTC2 and ID1 activity may provide therapeutic benefit to individuals with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodón
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert U. Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Ezra Wiater
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew G. H Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Wen-Wei Tsai
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lillian J. Eichner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Hishida T, Vazquez-Ferrer E, Hishida-Nozaki Y, Sancho-Martinez I, Takahashi Y, Hatanaka F, Wu J, Ocampo A, Reddy P, Wu MZ, Gerken L, Shaw RJ, Rodriguez Esteban C, Benner C, Nakagawa H, Guillen Garcia P, Nuñez Delicado E, Castells A, Campistol JM, Liu GH, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Mutations in foregut SOX2 + cells induce efficient proliferation via CXCR2 pathway. Protein Cell 2019; 10:485-495. [PMID: 31041783 PMCID: PMC6588654 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the precise molecular pathways involved in oncogene-induced transformation may help us gain a better understanding of tumor initiation and promotion. Here, we demonstrate that SOX2+ foregut epithelial cells are prone to oncogenic transformation upon mutagenic insults, such as KrasG12D and p53 deletion. GFP-based lineage-tracing experiments indicate that SOX2+ cells are the cells-of-origin of esophagus and stomach hyperplasia. Our observations indicate distinct roles for oncogenic KRAS mutation and P53 deletion. p53 homozygous deletion is required for the acquisition of an invasive potential, and KrasG12D expression, but not p53 deletion, suffices for tumor formation. Global gene expression analysis reveals secreting factors upregulated in the hyperplasia induced by oncogenic KRAS and highlights a crucial role for the CXCR2 pathway in driving hyperplasia. Collectively, the array of genetic models presented here demonstrate that stratified epithelial cells are susceptible to oncogenic insults, which may lead to a better understanding of tumor initiation and aid in the design of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric Vazquez-Ferrer
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yuriko Hishida-Nozaki
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ignacio Sancho-Martinez
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Fumiyuki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Min-Zu Wu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Laurie Gerken
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Dulbecco Center for Cancer Research, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Dulbecco Center for Cancer Research, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dulbecco Center for Cancer Research, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Integrative Genomics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pedro Guillen Garcia
- Department of Traumatology and Research Unit, Clinica CEMTRO, Av. Ventisquero de la Condesa, 42, Madrid, 28035, Spain
| | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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24
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Eichner LJ, Brun SN, Herzig S, Young NP, Curtis SD, Shackelford DB, Shokhirev MN, Leblanc M, Vera LI, Hutchins A, Ross DS, Shaw RJ, Svensson RU. Genetic Analysis Reveals AMPK Is Required to Support Tumor Growth in Murine Kras-Dependent Lung Cancer Models. Cell Metab 2019; 29:285-302.e7. [PMID: 30415923 PMCID: PMC6365213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AMPK, a conserved sensor of low cellular energy, can either repress or promote tumor growth depending on the context. However, no studies have examined AMPK function in autochthonous genetic mouse models of epithelial cancer. Here, we examine the role of AMPK in murine KrasG12D-mediated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a cancer type in humans that harbors frequent inactivating mutations in the LKB1 tumor suppressor-the predominant upstream activating kinase of AMPK and 12 related kinases. Unlike LKB1 deletion, AMPK deletion in KrasG12D lung tumors did not accelerate lung tumor growth. Moreover, deletion of AMPK in KrasG12D p53f/f tumors reduced lung tumor burden. We identified a critical role for AMPK in regulating lysosomal gene expression through the Tfe3 transcription factor, which was required to support NSCLC growth. Thus, AMPK supports the growth of KrasG12D-dependent lung cancer through the induction of lysosomes, highlighting an unrecognized liability of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Herzig
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathan P Young
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mathias Leblanc
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Liliana I Vera
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Hutchins
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Robert U Svensson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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25
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Nassour J, Radford R, Correia A, Fusté JM, Schoell B, Jauch A, Shaw RJ, Karlseder J. Autophagic cell death restricts chromosomal instability during replicative crisis. Nature 2019; 565:659-663. [PMID: 30675059 PMCID: PMC6557118 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Replicative crisis is a senescence-independent process that acts as a final barrier against oncogenic transformation by eliminating pre-cancerous cells with disrupted cell cycle checkpoints1. It functions as a potent tumour suppressor and culminates in extensive cell death. Cells rarely evade elimination and evolve towards malignancy, but the mechanisms that underlie cell death in crisis are not well understood. Here we show that macroautophagy has a dominant role in the death of fibroblasts and epithelial cells during crisis. Activation of autophagy is critical for cell death, as its suppression promoted bypass of crisis, continued proliferation and accumulation of genome instability. Telomere dysfunction specifically triggers autophagy, implicating a telomere-driven autophagy pathway that is not induced by intrachromosomal breaks. Telomeric DNA damage generates cytosolic DNA species with fragile nuclear envelopes that undergo spontaneous disruption. The cytosolic chromatin fragments activate the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) pathway and engage the autophagy machinery. Our data suggest that autophagy is an integral component of the tumour suppressive crisis mechanism and that loss of autophagy function is required for the initiation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Nassour
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Radford
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Correia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Brigitte Schoell
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan Karlseder
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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26
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Limpert AS, Lambert LJ, Bakas NA, Bata N, Brun SN, Shaw RJ, Cosford NDP. Autophagy in Cancer: Regulation by Small Molecules. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:1021-1032. [PMID: 30454769 PMCID: PMC6349222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During times of stress, autophagy is a cellular process that enables cells to reclaim damaged components by a controlled recycling pathway. This mechanism for cellular catabolism is dysregulated in cancer, with evidence indicating that cancer cells rely on autophagy in the hypoxic and nutrient-poor microenvironment of solid tumors. Mounting evidence suggests that autophagy has a role in the resistance of tumors to standard-of-care (SOC) therapies. Therefore, there is significant interest in the discovery of small molecules that can safely modulate autophagy. In this review, we describe recent advances in the identification of new pharmacological compounds that modulate autophagy, with a focus on their mode of action, value as probe compounds, and validation as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Limpert
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Lester J Lambert
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Nicole A Bakas
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Bata
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Hollstein
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA
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Dall PM, Skelton DA, Dontje ML, Coulter EH, Stewart S, Cox SR, Shaw RJ, Čukić I, Fitzsimons CF, Greig CA, Granat MH, Der G, Deary IJ, Chastin S. Characteristics of a protocol to collect objective physical activity/sedentary behaviour data in a large study: Seniors USP (understanding sedentary patterns). J Meas Phys Behav 2018; 1:26-31. [PMID: 30159548 PMCID: PMC6110380 DOI: 10.1123/jmpb.2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Seniors USP study measured sedentary behaviour (activPAL3, 9 day wear) in older adults. The measurement protocol had three key characteristics: enabling 24-hour wear (monitor location, waterproofing); minimising data loss (reducing monitor failure, staff training, communication); and quality assurance (removal by researcher, confidence about wear). Two monitors were not returned; 91% (n=700) of returned monitors had 7 valid days of data. Sources of data loss included monitor failure (n=11), exclusion after quality assurance (n=5), early removal for skin irritation (n=8) or procedural errors (n=10). Objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in large studies requires decisional trade-offs between data quantity (collecting representative data) and utility (derived outcomes that reflect actual behaviour).
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Dall
- Institute of Applied Health research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - D A Skelton
- Institute of Applied Health research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - M L Dontje
- Institute of Applied Health research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E H Coulter
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Stewart
- Institute of Applied Health research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Čukić
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C F Fitzsimons
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M H Granat
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - G Der
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sfm Chastin
- Institute of Applied Health research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Chastin SFM, Dontje ML, Skelton DA, Čukić I, Shaw RJ, Gill JMR, Greig CA, Gale CR, Deary IJ, Der G, Dall PM. Systematic comparative validation of self-report measures of sedentary time against an objective measure of postural sitting (activPAL). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:21. [PMID: 29482617 PMCID: PMC5828279 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is a public health concern that requires surveillance and epidemiological research. For such large scale studies, self-report tools are a pragmatic measurement solution. A large number of self-report tools are currently in use, but few have been validated against an objective measure of sedentary time and there is no comparative information between tools to guide choice or to enable comparison between studies. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic comparison, generalisable to all tools, of the validity of self-report measures of sedentary time against a gold standard sedentary time objective monitor. METHODS Cross sectional data from three cohorts (N = 700) were used in this validation study. Eighteen self-report measures of sedentary time, based on the TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools (TASST) framework, were compared against an objective measure of postural sitting (activPAL) to provide information, generalizable to all existing tools, on agreement and precision using Bland-Altman statistics, on criterion validity using Pearson correlation, and on data loss. RESULTS All self-report measures showed poor accuracy compared with the objective measure of sedentary time, with very wide limits of agreement and poor precision (random error > 2.5 h). Most tools under-reported total sedentary time and demonstrated low correlations with objective data. The type of assessment used by the tool, whether direct, proxy, or a composite measure, influenced the measurement characteristics. Proxy measures (TV time) and single item direct measures using a visual analogue scale to assess the proportion of the day spent sitting, showed the best combination of precision and data loss. The recall period (e.g. previous week) had little influence on measurement characteristics. CONCLUSION Self-report measures of sedentary time result in large bias, poor precision and low correlation with an objective measure of sedentary time. Choice of tool depends on the research context, design and question. Choice can be guided by this systematic comparative validation and, in the case of population surveillance, it recommends to use a visual analog scale and a 7 day recall period. Comparison between studies and improving population estimates of average sedentary time, is possible with the comparative correction factors provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F M Chastin
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M L Dontje
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - D A Skelton
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - I Čukić
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J M R Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Der
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P M Dall
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
AMPK is a highly conserved master regulator of metabolism, which restores energy balance during metabolic stress both at the cellular and physiological levels. The identification of numerous AMPK targets has helped explain how AMPK restores energy homeostasis. Recent advancements illustrate novel mechanisms of AMPK regulation, including changes in subcellular localization and phosphorylation by non-canonical upstream kinases. Notably, the therapeutic potential of AMPK is widely recognized and heavily pursued for treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, but also obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Moreover, the recently solved crystal structure of AMPK has shed light both into how nucleotides activate AMPK and, importantly, also into the sites bound by small molecule activators, thus providing a path for improved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Ruggero D, Shaw RJ. Editorial overview: Cell regulation: 1000 Flavors including chocolate and chili peppers. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28641761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ruggero
- Professor of Urology and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, San Francisco.
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Director of the NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Howell JJ, Hellberg K, Turner M, Talbott G, Kolar MJ, Ross DS, Hoxhaj G, Saghatelian A, Shaw RJ, Manning BD. Metformin Inhibits Hepatic mTORC1 Signaling via Dose-Dependent Mechanisms Involving AMPK and the TSC Complex. Cell Metab 2017; 25:463-471. [PMID: 28089566 PMCID: PMC5299044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, knowledge of the full effects of metformin on biochemical pathways and processes in its primary target tissue, the liver, is limited. One established effect of metformin is to decrease cellular energy levels. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) are key regulators of metabolism that are respectively activated and inhibited in acute response to cellular energy depletion. Here we show that metformin robustly inhibits mTORC1 in mouse liver tissue and primary hepatocytes. Using mouse genetics, we find that at the lowest concentrations of metformin that inhibit hepatic mTORC1 signaling, this inhibition is dependent on AMPK and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein complex (TSC complex). Finally, we show that metformin profoundly inhibits hepatocyte protein synthesis in a manner that is largely dependent on its ability to suppress mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Howell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marc Turner
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Talbott
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Kolar
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Abstract
The renaissance in the study of cancer metabolism has refocused efforts to identify and target metabolic dependencies of tumors as an approach for cancer therapy. One of the unique metabolic requirements that cancer cells possess to sustain their biosynthetic growth demands is altered fatty acid metabolism, in particular the synthesis of de novo fatty acids that are required as cellular building blocks to support cell division. Enhanced fatty acid synthesis that is observed in many tumor types has been postulated to open a therapeutic window for cancer therapy and, correspondingly, efforts to pharmacologically inhibit key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are being pursued. However, despite these efforts, whether inhibition of fatty acid synthesis stunts tumor growth in vivo has been poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the recent evidence that pharmacologic inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the enzyme that regulates the rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid synthesis, exposes a metabolic liability of non-small cell lung cancer and represses tumor growth in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert U Svensson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Saito et al. (2015) examine how leukemia-initiating cells react to metabolic stress imposed by different tissue environments. They find that inhibition of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) led to deranged glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis, resulting in reduced leukemic progression that was further attenuated by dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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36
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Young NP, Kamireddy A, Van Nostrand JL, Eichner LJ, Shokhirev MN, Dayn Y, Shaw RJ. AMPK governs lineage specification through Tfeb-dependent regulation of lysosomes. Genes Dev 2016; 30:535-52. [PMID: 26944679 PMCID: PMC4782048 DOI: 10.1101/gad.274142.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Faithful execution of developmental programs relies on the acquisition of unique cell identities from pluripotent progenitors, a process governed by combinatorial inputs from numerous signaling cascades that ultimately dictate lineage-specific transcriptional outputs. Despite growing evidence that metabolism is integrated with many molecular networks, how pathways that control energy homeostasis may affect cell fate decisions is largely unknown. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central metabolic regulator, plays critical roles in lineage specification. Although AMPK-deficient embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were normal in the pluripotent state, these cells displayed profound defects upon differentiation, failing to generate chimeric embryos and preferentially adopting an ectodermal fate at the expense of the endoderm during embryoid body (EB) formation. AMPK(-/-) EBs exhibited reduced levels of Tfeb, a master transcriptional regulator of lysosomes, leading to diminished endolysosomal function. Remarkably, genetic loss of Tfeb also yielded endodermal defects, while AMPK-null ESCs overexpressing this transcription factor normalized their differential potential, revealing an intimate connection between Tfeb/lysosomes and germ layer specification. The compromised endolysosomal system resulting from AMPK or Tfeb inactivation blunted Wnt signaling, while up-regulating this pathway restored expression of endodermal markers. Collectively, these results uncover the AMPK pathway as a novel regulator of cell fate determination during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Young
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeanine L Van Nostrand
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Lillian J Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Maxim Nikolaievich Shokhirev
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yelena Dayn
- Transgenic Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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37
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Li X, Liang Y, Shaw RJ, Zheng Y. AMPKα1 regulates T follicular helper cell metabolism and homeostasis. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.197.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells provide key help to germinal center (GC) B cells during humoral immune response. How TFH cells are metabolically adapted to this unique task is not clear. Here we report that TFH cells have increased AMPK activation and T-cell-specific deletion of Prkaa1, which encodes AMPKα1, results in impaired TFH response at a late time point when TFH cells move into GCs and interact with GC B cells. AMPK activation requires SAP and CD84, which are essential for T-B-interaction, and CAMKK2, which is activated by calcium signaling. AMPKα1 helps sustain TFH response by promoting autophagy, which is upregulated in TFH cells in an AMPK-dependent manner and is required for optimal TFH response. Our results suggest that AMPK plays a critical role in promoting homeostasis of TFH cells by linking TFH-B-interaction and calcium signaling to TFH-cell metabolic programing.
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Merkwirth C, Jovaisaite V, Durieux J, Matilainen O, Jordan SD, Quiros PM, Steffen KK, Williams EG, Mouchiroud L, Tronnes SU, Murillo V, Wolff SC, Shaw RJ, Auwerx J, Dillin A. Two Conserved Histone Demethylases Regulate Mitochondrial Stress-Induced Longevity. Cell 2016; 165:1209-1223. [PMID: 27133168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Across eukaryotic species, mild mitochondrial stress can have beneficial effects on the lifespan of organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction activates an unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), a stress signaling mechanism designed to ensure mitochondrial homeostasis. Perturbation of mitochondria during larval development in C. elegans not only delays aging but also maintains UPR(mt) signaling, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism that modulates both longevity and mitochondrial proteostasis throughout life. We identify the conserved histone lysine demethylases jmjd-1.2/PHF8 and jmjd-3.1/JMJD3 as positive regulators of lifespan in response to mitochondrial dysfunction across species. Reduction of function of the demethylases potently suppresses longevity and UPR(mt) induction, while gain of function is sufficient to extend lifespan in a UPR(mt)-dependent manner. A systems genetics approach in the BXD mouse reference population further indicates conserved roles of the mammalian orthologs in longevity and UPR(mt) signaling. These findings illustrate an evolutionary conserved epigenetic mechanism that determines the rate of aging downstream of mitochondrial perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Merkwirth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Virginija Jovaisaite
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olli Matilainen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Jordan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pedro M Quiros
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Kristan K Steffen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mouchiroud
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sarah U Tronnes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Virginia Murillo
- The Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Suzanne C Wolff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Toyama EQ, Herzig S, Courchet J, Lewis TL, Losón OC, Hellberg K, Young NP, Chen H, Polleux F, Chan DC, Shaw RJ. Metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress. Science 2016; 351:275-281. [PMID: 26816379 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria undergo fragmentation in response to electron transport chain (ETC) poisons and mitochondrial DNA-linked disease mutations, yet how these stimuli mechanistically connect to the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery is poorly understood. We found that the energy-sensing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is genetically required for cells to undergo rapid mitochondrial fragmentation after treatment with ETC inhibitors. Moreover, direct pharmacological activation of AMPK was sufficient to rapidly promote mitochondrial fragmentation even in the absence of mitochondrial stress. A screen for substrates of AMPK identified mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), a mitochondrial outer-membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fission. Nonphosphorylatable and phosphomimetic alleles of the AMPK sites in MFF revealed that it is a key effector of AMPK-mediated mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Quan Toyama
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sébastien Herzig
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julien Courchet
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oliver C Losón
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan P Young
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hsiuchen Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Field EA, McCarthy CE, Ho MW, Rajlawat BP, Holt D, Rogers SN, Triantafyllou A, Field JK, Shaw RJ. Response to Oral epithelial dysplasia in oral submucous fibrosis: A challenge. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:e20. [PMID: 26786963 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
| | - C E McCarthy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - M W Ho
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - B P Rajlawat
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - D Holt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRd), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, UK
| | - J K Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
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41
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Shaw RJ. Abstract IA13: The LKB1-AMPK pathway reprograms cancer cell metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.metca15-ia13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in the familial cancer condition Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, as well as in 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the critical substrates of LKB1 is AMPK, a highly conserved sensor of cellular energy status that restores metabolic homeostasis following stress. Thus LKB1 is a unique energy-state sensitive regulator of growth and metabolic reprogramming via its effects on AMPK. Our laboratory has performed a three-pronged screen to identify novel substrates of AMPK and related kinases that may mediate LKB1 effects on tumor suppression, metabolism, and metastasis. These findings have also spurred examination of whether compounds that activate AMPK may exhibit anti-cancer activities. Notably, the most widely used type 2 diabetes therapeutic in the US and worldwide, metformin, is a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor that activates AMPK. We have therefore examined the potential anti-cancer effects of metformin and compounds against other metabolic targets.
Citation Format: Reuben J. Shaw. The LKB1-AMPK pathway reprograms cancer cell metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
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Schaffer BE, Levin RS, Hertz NT, Maures TJ, Schoof ML, Hollstein PE, Benayoun BA, Banko MR, Shaw RJ, Shokat KM, Brunet A. Identification of AMPK Phosphorylation Sites Reveals a Network of Proteins Involved in Cell Invasion and Facilitates Large-Scale Substrate Prediction. Cell Metab 2015; 22:907-21. [PMID: 26456332 PMCID: PMC4635044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy gauge that regulates metabolism and has been increasingly involved in non-metabolic processes and diseases. However, AMPK's direct substrates in non-metabolic contexts are largely unknown. To better understand the AMPK network, we use a chemical genetics screen coupled to a peptide capture approach in whole cells, resulting in identification of direct AMPK phosphorylation sites. Interestingly, the high-confidence AMPK substrates contain many proteins involved in cell motility, adhesion, and invasion. AMPK phosphorylation of the RHOA guanine nucleotide exchange factor NET1A inhibits extracellular matrix degradation, an early step in cell invasion. The identification of direct AMPK phosphorylation sites also facilitates large-scale prediction of AMPK substrates. We provide an AMPK motif matrix and a pipeline to predict additional AMPK substrates from quantitative phosphoproteomics datasets. As AMPK is emerging as a critical node in aging and pathological processes, our study identifies potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany E Schaffer
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca S Levin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Travis J Maures
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Schoof
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pablo E Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Max R Banko
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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McClatchy DB, Ma Y, Liu C, Stein BD, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Vasquez D, Hellberg K, Shaw RJ, Yates JR. Pulsed Azidohomoalanine Labeling in Mammals (PALM) Detects Changes in Liver-Specific LKB1 Knockout Mice. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4815-22. [PMID: 26445171 PMCID: PMC4642245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Quantification
of proteomes by mass spectrometry has proven to
be useful to study human pathology recapitulated in cellular or animal
models of disease. Enriching and quantifying newly synthesized proteins
(NSPs) at set time points by mass spectrometry has the potential to
identify important early regulatory or expression changes associated
with disease states or perturbations. NSP can be enriched from proteomes
by employing pulsed introduction of the noncanonical amino acid, azidohomoalanine
(AHA). We demonstrate that pulsed introduction of AHA in the feed
of mice can label and identify NSP from multiple tissues. Furthermore,
we quantitate differences in new protein expression resulting from
CRE-LOX initiated knockout of LKB1 in mouse livers. Overall, the PALM
strategy allows for the first time in vivo labeling of mouse tissues
to differentiate protein synthesis rates at discrete time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Benjamin D Stein
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Salvador Martínez-Bartolomé
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | | | | | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Field EA, McCarthy CE, Ho MW, Rajlawat BP, Holt D, Rogers SN, Triantafyllou A, Field JK, Shaw RJ. The management of oral epithelial dysplasia: The Liverpool algorithm. Oral Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26198978 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
| | - C E McCarthy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - M W Ho
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - B P Rajlawat
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - D Holt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRd), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, UK
| | - J K Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
MAGE-A proteins are testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase components whose expression is upregulated in many cancers. MAGE-A3 and -A6 act as oncogenes and recent work now shows that they degrade the central metabolic regulator AMPK, providing a novel mechanism for rewiring cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Dhanda J, Triantafyllou A, Liloglou T, Kalirai H, Lloyd B, Hanlon R, Shaw RJ, Sibson DR, Risk JM. SERPINE1 and SMA expression at the invasive front predict extracapsular spread and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2114-21. [PMID: 25268377 PMCID: PMC4260028 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracapsular spread (ECS) in cervical lymph nodes is the single-most prognostic clinical variable in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but diagnosis is possible only after histopathological examination. A promising biomarker in the primary tumour, alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) has been shown to be highly prognostic, however, validated biomarkers to predict ECS prior to primary treatment are not yet available. METHODS In 102 OSCC cases, conventional imaging was compared with pTNM staging. SERPINE1, identified from expression microarray of primary tumours as a potential biomarker for ECS, was validated through mRNA expression, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a tissue microarray from the same cohort. Similarly, expression of SMA was also compared with its association with ECS and survival. Expression was analysed separately in the tumour centre and advancing front; and prognostic capability determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry indicated that both SERPINE1 and SMA expression at the tumour-advancing front were significantly associated with ECS (P<0.001). ECS was associated with expression of either or both proteins in all cases. SMA+/SERPINE1+ expression in combination was highly significantly associated with poor survival (P<0.001). MRI showed poor sensitivity for detection of nodal metastasis (56%) and ECS (7%). Both separately, and in combination, SERPINE1 and SMA were superior to MRI for the detection of ECS (sensitivity: SERPINE1: 95%; SMA: 82%; combination: 81%). CONCLUSION A combination of SMA and SERPINE1 IHC offer potential as prognostic biomarkers in OSCC. Our findings suggest that biomarkers at the invasive front are likely to be necessary in prediction of ECS or in therapeutic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dhanda
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Regional Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Liloglou
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Kalirai
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Lloyd
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Hanlon
- Regional Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Regional Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D R Sibson
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J M Risk
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Shaw RJ, Benzeval M, Popham F. OP16 Do financial strain and labour force status explain why Nordic countries have wide health inequalities relative to other European countries? Evidence from a cross-national study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goodwin JM, Svensson RU, Lou HJ, Winslow MM, Turk BE, Shaw RJ. An AMPK-independent signaling pathway downstream of the LKB1 tumor suppressor controls Snail1 and metastatic potential. Mol Cell 2014; 55:436-50. [PMID: 25042806 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 is a tumor suppressor whose loss is associated with increased metastatic potential. In an effort to define biochemical signatures of metastasis associated with LKB1 loss, we discovered that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factor Snail1 was uniquely upregulated upon LKB1 deficiency across cell types. The ability of LKB1 to suppress Snail1 levels was independent of AMPK but required the related kinases MARK1 and MARK4. In a screen for substrates of these kinases involved in Snail regulation, we identified the scaffolding protein DIXDC1. Similar to loss of LKB1, DIXDC1 depletion results in upregulation of Snail1 in a FAK-dependent manner, leading to increased cell invasion. MARK1 phosphorylation of DIXDC1 is required for its localization to focal adhesions and ability to suppress metastasis in mice. DIXDC1 is frequently downregulated in human cancers, which correlates with poor survival. This study defines an AMPK-independent phosphorylation cascade essential for LKB1-dependent control of metastatic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Goodwin
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert U Svensson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hua Jane Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Mullan BJ, Brown JS, Lowe D, Rogers SN, Shaw RJ. Analysis of time taken to discuss new patients with head and neck cancer in multidisciplinary team meetings. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 52:128-33. [PMID: 24280116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings have an important role in the management of head and neck cancer. Increasing incidence of the disease and a drive towards centralised meetings on large numbers of patients mean that effective discussions are pertinent. We aimed to evaluate new cases within a single high volume head and neck cancer MDT and to explore the relation between the time taken to discuss each case, the number of discussants, and type of case. A total of 105 patients with a new diagnosis of head and neck malignancy or complex benign tumour were discussed at 10 head and neck cancer MDT meetings. A single observer timed each discussion using a stopwatch, and recorded the number of discussants and the diagnosis and characteristics of each patient. Timings ranged from 15 to 480 s (8 min) with a mean of 119 s (2 min), and the duration of discussion correlated closely with the number of discussants (rs=0.63, p<0.001). The longest discussions concerned patients with advanced T stage (p=0.006) and advanced N stage (p=0.009) disease, the elderly (p=0.02) and male patients (p=0.05). Tumour site and histological findings were not significant factors in the duration of discussion. Most discussions on patients with early stage tumours were short (T1: 58% less than 60s, mean 90) and fewer people contributed. Many patients, particularly those with early stage disease, require little discussion, and their treatment might reasonably be planned according to an agreed protocol, which would leave more time and resources for those that require greater multidisciplinary input. Further studies may highlight extended discussions on patients with head and neck cancer, which may prompt a review of protocols and current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Mullan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - J S Brown
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D Lowe
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
| | - S N Rogers
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
| | - R J Shaw
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom; Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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