1
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Sarkar S, Deiter C, Kyle JE, Guney MA, Sarbaugh D, Yin R, Li X, Cui Y, Ramos-Rodriguez M, Nicora CD, Syed F, Juan-Mateu J, Muralidharan C, Pasquali L, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL, Webb-Robertson BJM, Burnum-Johnson K, Orr G, Laskin J, Metz TO, Mirmira RG, Sussel L, Ansong C, Nakayasu ES. Regulation of β-cell death by ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 via lipid signaling in insulitis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:141. [PMID: 38383396 PMCID: PMC10880366 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids are regulators of insulitis and β-cell death in type 1 diabetes development, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how the islet lipid composition and downstream signaling regulate β-cell death. METHODS We performed lipidomics using three models of insulitis: human islets and EndoC-βH1 β cells treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interlukine-1β and interferon-γ, and islets from pre-diabetic non-obese mice. We also performed mass spectrometry and fluorescence imaging to determine the localization of lipids and enzyme in islets. RNAi, apoptotic assay, and qPCR were performed to determine the role of a specific factor in lipid-mediated cytokine signaling. RESULTS Across all three models, lipidomic analyses showed a consistent increase of lysophosphatidylcholine species and phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated fatty acids and a reduction of triacylglycerol species. Imaging assays showed that phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated fatty acids and their hydrolyzing enzyme phospholipase PLA2G6 are enriched in islets. In downstream signaling, omega-3 fatty acids reduce cytokine-induced β-cell death by improving the expression of ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3. The mechanism involves omega-3 fatty acid-mediated reduction of the histone methylation polycomb complex PRC2 component Suz12, upregulating the expression of Arh3, which in turn decreases cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide insights into the change of lipidomics landscape in β cells during insulitis and identify a protective mechanism by omega-3 fatty acids. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Cailin Deiter
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Michelle A Guney
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dylan Sarbaugh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ruichuan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Xiangtang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mireia Ramos-Rodriguez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jonas Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristin Burnum-Johnson
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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2
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Yeo CT, Kropp EM, Hansen PA, Pereckas M, Oleson BJ, Naatz A, Stancill JS, Ross KA, Gundry RL, Corbett JA. β-cell-selective inhibition of DNA damage response signaling by nitric oxide is associated with an attenuation in glucose uptake. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102994. [PMID: 36773802 PMCID: PMC10023961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a dual role in regulating DNA damage response (DDR) signaling in pancreatic β-cells. As a genotoxic agent, NO activates two types of DDR signaling; however, when produced at micromolar levels by the inducible isoform of NO synthase, NO inhibits DDR signaling and DDR-induced apoptosis in a β-cell-selective manner. DDR signaling inhibition by NO correlates with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism inhibition and decreases in ATP and NAD+. Unlike most cell types, β-cells do not compensate for impaired mitochondrial oxidation by increasing glycolytic flux, and this metabolic inflexibility leads to a decrease in ATP and NAD+. Here, we used multiple analytical approaches to determine changes in intermediary metabolites in β-cells and non-β-cells treated with NO or complex I inhibitor rotenone. In addition to ATP and NAD+, glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as well as NADPH are significantly decreased in β-cells treated with NO or rotenone. Consistent with glucose-6-phosphate residing at the metabolic branchpoint for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (NADPH), we show that mitochondrial oxidation inhibitors limit glucose uptake in a β-cell-selective manner. Our findings indicate that the β-cell-selective inhibition of DDR signaling by NO is associated with a decrease in ATP to levels that fall significantly below the KM for ATP of glucokinase (glucose uptake) and suggest that this action places the β-cell in a state of suspended animation where it is metabolically inert until NO is removed, and metabolic function can be restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chay Teng Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin M Kropp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Polly A Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Pereckas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bryndon J Oleson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aaron Naatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stancill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyle A Ross
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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3
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Singla S, Jena G. Intervention of 3-aminobenzamide against Dextran Sulphate Sodium induced colitis in mice: Investigations on molecular mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174861. [PMID: 35219730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various preclinical and clinical studies reported that Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 plays significant role in all acute and chronic inflammatory diseases with different etiopathogenesis. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of 3-aminobenzamide in Dextran Sulphate Sodium induced ulcerative colitis and associated molecular mechanisms. Ulcerative colitis in male BALB/c mice was induced using Dextran sulphate sodium (3 %w/v) for 3 cycles with 7 days recovery period in-between. 3-aminobenzamide was administered at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg starting from the Ist week of remission period and was continued till the termination of the experiment. The effect of 3-aminbenzamide was evaluated using biochemical parameters, histopathological evaluations, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. All the doses of 3-aminobenzamide (5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) ameliorated the severity of ulcerative colitis by modulating various molecular targets such as poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, cysteine aspartases, interleukin-1β, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, sirtuin 1, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, tumour necrosis factor-α and catalase. However, the lower doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) exerted more prominent effects in comparison to the high dose (20 mg/kg). Further, 3-aminobenzamide treatment restored the intestinal integrity by increasing the expression of occludin and significantly ameliorated ulcerative colitis associated elevated lipopolysaccharides, oxidative and nitrosative stress, cellular damage and apoptosis. Lower doses of 3-aminobenzamide showed more prominent protective effects against ulcerative colitis associated damage as compared to higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singla
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, 160062, S.A.S Nagar, India.
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, 160062, S.A.S Nagar, India.
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Maluchenko NV, Feofanov AV, Studitsky VM. PARP-1-Associated Pathological Processes: Inhibition by Natural Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11441. [PMID: 34768872 PMCID: PMC8584120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in processes of cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, transcription, and replication. Hyperactivity of PARP-1 induced by changes in cell homeostasis promotes development of chronic pathological processes leading to cell death during various metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast, tumor growth is accompanied by a moderate activation of PARP-1 that supports survival of tumor cells due to enhancement of DNA lesion repair and resistance to therapy by DNA damaging agents. That is why PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are promising agents for the therapy of tumor and metabolic diseases. A PARPi family is rapidly growing partly due to natural polyphenols discovered among plant secondary metabolites. This review describes mechanisms of PARP-1 participation in the development of various pathologies, analyzes multiple PARP-dependent pathways of cell degeneration and death, and discusses representative plant polyphenols, which can inhibit PARP-1 directly or suppress unwanted PARP-dependent cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Maluchenko
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.F.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.F.); (V.M.S.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikluko-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily M. Studitsky
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.F.); (V.M.S.)
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cottman Avenue 333, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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5
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Kaya-Dagistanli F, Ozturk M. Transdifferentiation of both intra- and extra-islet cells into beta cells in nicotinamide treated neonatal diabetic rats: An in situ hybridization and double immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151612. [PMID: 33066834 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study the effect of nicotinamide (NA) on beta (β)-cell regeneration and apoptosis in streptozotocin induced neonatal rats (n-STZ). Three groups were performed: Control group, n2-STZ group (100 mg/kg STZ on the second day-after birth), n2-STZ + NA group (STZ;100 mg/kg + NA;500 mg/kg/day for 5 days). The pancreatic tissue sections were immunostained with insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, Pdx1, Notch1 and active caspase-3 antibodies, and double immunostained with insulin/PCNA, insulin/glucagon and insulin/somatostatin antibodies. In situ hybridization carried out with insulin probe. Apoptotic β-cell were shown by TUNEL assay, followed by immunostaining. The number of insulin/PCNA, insulin/glucagon and insulin/somatostatin double-positive cells significantly increased in n2-STZ + NA group compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). n2- STZ group had lower number of insulin and Pdx1 positive cells in islets, compared to NA treated diabetics. The insulin and Pdx1 immun positive cells were located in the small clusters or scattered through the exocrine tissue and around to ducts in n2-STZ + NA group. Notch1 positive cell numbers were increased, whereas caspase-3 and TUNEL positive β-cell numbers were decreased in n2-STZ + NA group. NA treatment induces the neogenic insulin positive islets orginated from the differentiation of ductal progenitor cells, transdifferentiation of acinar cells into β cells, and transformation of potent precursor cells and centroacinar cells via the activated Notch expression into β-cells in n-STZ rats.
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6
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Oleson BJ, Corbett JA. Can insulin secreting pancreatic β-cells provide novel insights into the metabolic regulation of the DNA damage response? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113907. [PMID: 32171728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is responsible for the control of whole-body glucose metabolism. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic β-cells in a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the serum level of glucose, glucose sensing and glucose oxidative metabolism. The regulation of intermediary metabolism in β-cells is unique as these cells oxidize glucose to CO2 on substrate supply while mitochondrial oxidative metabolism occurs on demand, for the production of intermediates or energy production, in most cell types. This review discusses recent findings that the regulation of intermediary metabolism by nitric oxide attenuates the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA damage-dependent apoptosis in a β-cell selective manner. Specific focus is placed on the mechanisms by which iNOS derived nitric oxide (low micromolar levels) regulates DDR activation via the inhibition of intermediary metabolism. The physiological significance of the association of metabolism, nitric oxide and DDR signaling for cancer biology and diabetes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryndon J Oleson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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7
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Tay VSY, Devaraj S, Koh T, Ke G, Crasta KC, Ali Y. Increased double strand breaks in diabetic β-cells with a p21 response that limits apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19341. [PMID: 31852915 PMCID: PMC6920453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in β-cells have received little attention especially in the context of type-2 diabetes. We postulate that p21 plays a key role in DDR by preventing apoptosis, associated through its overexpression triggered by DNA stand breaks (DSBs). Our results show that β-cells from chronic diabetic mice had a greater extent of DSBs as compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Comet assays and nuclear presence of γH2AX and 53bp1 revealed increased DNA DSBs in 16 weeks old (wo) db/db β-cells as compared to age matched non-diabetic β-cells. Our study of gene expression changes in MIN6 cell line with doxorubicin (Dox) induced DNA damage, showed that the DDR was similar to primary β-cells from diabetic mice. There was significant overexpression of DDR genes, gadd45a and p21 after a 24-hr treatment. Western blot analysis revealed increased cleaved caspase3 over time, suggesting higher frequency of apoptosis due to Dox-induced DNA strand breaks. Inhibition of p21 by pharmacological inhibitor UC2288 under DNA damage conditions (both in Dox-induced MIN6 cells and older db/db islets) significantly increased the incidence of β-cell apoptosis. Our studies confirmed that while DNA damage, specifically DSBs, induced p21 overexpression in β-cells and triggered the p53/p21 cellular response, p21 inhibition exacerbated the frequency of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Y Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Surabhi Devaraj
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracy Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Ke
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen C Crasta
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010034. [PMID: 30669679 PMCID: PMC6359187 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human-one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, the pharmacological activities of NMN include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity. The recent groundbreaking discovery of anti-ageing activities of this chemical moiety has added a valuable essence in the research involving this molecule. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of NMN in mammalian and prokaryotic cells and mechanism of absorption along with the reported pharmacological activities in murine model.
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9
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Oleson BJ, Corbett JA. Dual Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulating the Response of β Cells to DNA Damage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1432-1445. [PMID: 28978225 PMCID: PMC6166691 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cytokines released in and around pancreatic islets during islet inflammation are believed to contribute to impaired β cell function and β cell death during the development of diabetes. Nitric oxide, produced by β cells in response to cytokine exposure, controls many of the responses of β cells during islet inflammation. Recent Advances: Although nitric oxide has been shown to inhibit insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism and induce DNA damage in β cells, it also activates protective pathways that promote recovery of insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism and repair of damaged DNA. Recent studies have identified a novel role for nitric oxide in selectively regulating the DNA damage response in β cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Does nitric oxide mediate cytokine-induced β cell damage, or is nitric oxide produced by β cells in response to cytokines to protect β cells from damage? FUTURE DIRECTIONS β cells appear to be the only islet endocrine cell type capable of responding to proinflammatory cytokines with the production of nitric oxide, and these terminally differentiated cells have a limited capacity to regenerate. It is likely that there is a physiological purpose for this response, and understanding this could open new areas of study regarding the loss of functional β cell mass during diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryndon J. Oleson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John A. Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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10
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Bruni A, Bornstein S, Linkermann A, Shapiro AMJ. Regulated Cell Death Seen through the Lens of Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:890-901. [PMID: 29845882 PMCID: PMC6050903 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation effectively restores euglycemia and corrects glycosylated
hemoglobin in labile type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite marked improvements in islet
transplantation outcomes, acute islet cell death remains a substantial obstacle that
compromises long-term engraftment outcomes. Multiple organ donors are routinely required
to achieve insulin independence. Therapeutic agents that ameliorate cell death and/or
control injury-related inflammatory cascades offer potential to improve islet transplant
success. Apoptotic cell death has been identified as a major contributor to cellular
demise and therapeutic strategies that subvert initiation and consequences of apoptotic
cell death have shown promise in pre-clinical models. Indeed, in numerous pathologies and
diseases apoptosis has been the most extensively described form of regulated cell death.
However, recent identification of novel, alternative regulated cell death pathways in
other disease states and solid organ transplantation suggest that these additional
pathways may also have substantial relevance in islet transplantation. These regulated,
non-apoptotic cell death pathways exhibit distinct biochemical characteristics but have
yet to be fully characterized within islet transplantation. We review herein the various
regulated cell death pathways and highlight their relative potential contributions to
islet viability, engraftment failure and islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bruni
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- 3 Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- 3 Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M James Shapiro
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Gvazava IG, Rogovaya OS, Borisov MA, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Rodent Experimental Models. Acta Naturae 2018; 10:24-33. [PMID: 29713516 PMCID: PMC5916731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its severe complications is on the rise. The study of the pathogenesis of the onset and the progression of complications related to the disease, as well as the search for new therapeutic agents and methods of treatment, remains relevant. Experimental models are extremely important in the study of diabetes. This survey contains a synthesis of the most commonly used experimental animal models described in scientific literature. The mechanisms of the streptozotocin model are also analyzed and discussed, as it is considered as the most adequate and easily reproducible diabetes model. A review of the significant advantages and disadvantages of the described models has also been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. G. Gvazava
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - O. S. Rogovaya
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - M. A. Borisov
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E. A. Vorotelyak
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskiye Gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234 , Russia
| | - A. V. Vasiliev
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskiye Gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234 , Russia
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12
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Broniowska KA, Oleson BJ, McGraw J, Naatz A, Mathews CE, Corbett JA. How the location of superoxide generation influences the β-cell response to nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7952-60. [PMID: 25648890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines impair the function and decrease the viability of insulin-producing β-cells by a pathway that requires the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and generation of high levels of nitric oxide. In addition to nitric oxide, excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, has been shown to cause β-cell damage. Although the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide results in the formation of peroxynitrite, we have shown that β-cells do not have the capacity to produce this powerful oxidant in response to cytokines. When β-cells are forced to generate peroxynitrite using nitric oxide donors and superoxide-generating redox cycling agents, superoxide scavenges nitric oxide and prevents the inhibitory and destructive actions of nitric oxide on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and β-cell viability. In this study, we show that the β-cell response to nitric oxide is regulated by the location of superoxide generation. Nitric oxide freely diffuses through cell membranes, and it reacts with superoxide produced within cells and in the extracellular space, generating peroxynitrite. However, only when it is produced within cells does superoxide attenuate nitric oxide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, gene expression, and toxicity. These findings suggest that the location of radical generation and the site of radical reactions are key determinants in the functional response of β-cells to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Although nitric oxide is freely diffusible, its biological function can be controlled by the local generation of superoxide, such that when this reaction occurs within β-cells, superoxide protects β-cells by scavenging nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Broniowska
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Bryndon J Oleson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Jennifer McGraw
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Aaron Naatz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- the Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - John A Corbett
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
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Samson WK. AJP-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology: into the future. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1-3. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00223.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willis K. Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Broniowska KA, Diers AR, Corbett JA, Hogg N. Effect of nitric oxide on naphthoquinone toxicity in endothelial cells: role of bioenergetic dysfunction and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Biochemistry 2013; 52:4364-72. [PMID: 23718265 DOI: 10.1021/bi400342t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
When produced at physiological levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as signaling molecules to regulate normal vascular function. Produced under pathological conditions, ROS can contribute to the oxidative damage of cellular components (e.g., DNA and proteins) and trigger cell death. Moreover, the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide (NO) produces the strong oxidant peroxynitrite and decreases NO bioavailability, both of which may contribute to activation of cell death pathways. The effects of ROS generated from the 1,4-naphthoquinones alone and in combination with NO on the activation status of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cell viability were examined. Treatment with redox cycling quinones activates PARP, and this stimulatory effect is attenuated in the presence of NO. Mitochondria play a central role in cell death signaling pathways and are a target of oxidants. We show that simultaneous exposure of endothelial cells to NO and ROS results in mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP and NAD(+) depletion, and cell death. Alone, NO and ROS have only minor effects on cellular bioenergetics. Further, PARP inhibition does not attenuate reduced cell viability or mitochondrial dysfunction. These results show that concomitant exposure to NO and ROS impairs energy metabolism and triggers PARP-independent cell death. While superoxide-mediated PARP activation is attenuated in the presence of NO, PARP inhibition does not modify the loss of mitochondrial function or adenine and pyridine nucleotide pools and subsequent bioenergetic dysfunction. These findings suggest that the mechanisms by which ROS and NO induce endothelial cell death are closely linked to the maintenance of mitochondrial function and not overactivation of PARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Broniowska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States.
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15
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Protective effect of nicotinamide on high glucose/palmitate-induced glucolipotoxicity to INS-1 beta cells is attributed to its inhibitory activity to sirtuins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 535:187-96. [PMID: 23562377 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was initiated to determine whether the protective effect of nicotinamide (NAM) on high glucose/palmitate (HG/PA)-induced INS-1 beta cell death was due to its role as an anti-oxidant, nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, or inhibitor of NAD+-consuming enzymes such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) or sirtuins. All anti-oxidants tested were not protective against HG/PA-induced INS-1 cell death. Direct supplementation of NAD+ or indirect supplementation through NAD+ salvage or de novo pathway did not protect the death. Knockdown of the NAD+ salvage pathway enzymes such as nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) or nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (NMNAT) did not augment death. On the other hand, pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of PARP did not affect death. However, sirtinol as an inhibitor of NAD-dependant deacetylase or knockdown of SIRT3 or SIRT4 significantly reduced the HG/PA-induced death. These data suggest that protective effect of NAM on beta cell glucolipotoxicity is attributed to its inhibitory activity on sirtuins.
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16
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Meares GP, Fontanilla D, Broniowska KA, Andreone T, Lancaster JR, Corbett JA. Differential responses of pancreatic β-cells to ROS and RNS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E614-22. [PMID: 23321474 PMCID: PMC3602694 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00424.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) direct the activation of distinct signaling pathways that determine cell fate. In this study, the pathways activated and the mechanisms by which ROS and RNS control the viability of pancreatic β-cells were examined. Although both nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induce DNA damage, reduce cell viability, and activate AMPK, the mechanisms of AMPK activation and cell death induction differ between each reactive species. Nitric oxide activates the unfolded protein and heat shock responses and MAPK kinase signaling, whereas H₂O₂ stimulates p53 stabilization and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation but fails to induce the unfolded protein or heat shock responses or MAPK activation. The control of cell fate decisions is selective for the form of stress. H₂O₂-mediated reduction in β-cell viability is controlled by PARP, whereas cell death in response to nitric oxide is PARP independent but associated with the nuclear localization of GAPDH. These findings show that both ROS and RNS activate AMPK, induce DNA damage, and reduce cell viability; however, the pathways controlling the responses of β-cells are selective for the type of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Meares
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Padgett LE, Broniowska KA, Hansen PA, Corbett JA, Tse HM. The role of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1281:16-35. [PMID: 23323860 PMCID: PMC3715103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells. In humans with T1D and in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice (a murine model for human T1D), autoreactive T cells cause β-cell destruction, as transfer or deletion of these cells induces or prevents disease, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells use distinct effector mechanisms and act at different stages throughout T1D to fuel pancreatic β-cell destruction and disease pathogenesis. While these adaptive immune cells employ distinct mechanisms for β-cell destruction, one central means for enhancing their autoreactivity is by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1. In addition to their production by diabetogenic T cells, proinflammatory cytokines are induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) via redox-dependent signaling pathways. Highly reactive molecules, proinflammatory cytokines are produced upon lymphocyte infiltration into pancreatic islets and induce disease pathogenicity by directly killing β cells, which characteristically possess low levels of antioxidant defense enzymes. In addition to β-cell destruction, proinflammatory cytokines are necessary for efficient adaptive immune maturation, and in the context of T1D they exacerbate autoimmunity by intensifying adaptive immune responses. The first half of this review discusses the mechanisms by which autoreactive T cells induce T1D pathogenesis and the importance of ROS for efficient adaptive immune activation, which, in the context of T1D, exacerbates autoimmunity. The second half provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of (1) the mechanisms by which cytokines such as IL-1 and IFN-γ influence islet insulin secretion and apoptosis and (2) the key free radicals and transcription factors that control these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Padgett
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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