The hyperthermic effect of central cholecystokinin is mediated by the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway

The Efficacy and Safety of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Combined With Platelet-Rich Plasma in Chronic Refractory Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background and Aims

Chronic refractory wound is a disease that seriously impairs the quality of life of patients. Negative pressure wound therapy and platelet-rich plasma are commonly used to treat various types of wounds. Further research is necessary to explore the efficacy and safety of the combination of negative pressure wound therapy and platelet-rich plasma in treating chronic refractory wounds.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, CNKI, Sino Med, and Wanfang Med Online up until March 2024 were searched(PROSPERO No. CRD42024507963). Two investigators screened literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated bias and certainty of evidence using RoB 2.0 and GRADE. Stata 12.0 was used to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 35 randomized controlled trials involving 2495 participants were included. 34 studies were assessed as having some concerns, and 1 study as having high risk in the risk of bias assessment. The results of meta-analysis showed that effective rate (RR1.23, 95% CI [1.17, 1.30], p < 0.001; I2 = 44.7%, p = 0.013), healing time (WMD-9.32, 95% CI [-10.60, -8.03], p < 0.001; I² = 91.00%, p < 0.001), healing rate (RR1.76, 95% CI [1.50, 2.07], p < 0.001; I2 = 62.6%, p < 0.001), positive rate of bacterial(RR0.25, 95% CI [0.15, 0.40], p < 0.001; I² = 0%, p = 0.841), pain score (WMD-1.43, 95% CI [-2.14, -0.72], p < 0.001; I² = 96.5%, p < 0.001), incidence of complications (RR0.45, 95% CI [0.30, 0.68], p < 0.001; I² = 46.3%, p = 0.098), length of hospital stay (WMD-9.88, 95% CI [-13.42, 6.34], p < 0.001; I2 = 98.9%, p < 0.001), number of dressing changes (WMD-2.56, 95% CI [-4.28, -0.83], p = 0.004; I² = 98.9%, p < 0.001), white blood cell level (WMD-1.71, 95% CI [-2.00, -1.41], p < 0.001; I² = 33.9%, p = 0.195), c-reactive protein level (WMD-0.68, 95% CI [-1.04, -0.33], p < 0.001; I² = 88.8%, p < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (WMD-6.09, 95% CI [-8.05, -4.13], p < 0.001; I² = 13%, p = 0.32), score of vancouver scar scale (WMD-1.78, 95% CI [-1.89, -1.66], p < 0.001; I² = 38.3%, p = 0.166) and preparation time of secondary repair (WMD-4.95, 95% CI [-7.03, -2.87], p < 0.001; I² = 84.7%, p < 0.001) had statistically significant effects. However, hospitalization costs (WMD1423.56, 95% CI [-4588.93, 7436.06], p = 0.643; I2 = 100%, p < 0.001) had no significant difference.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the combination of negative-pressure wound therapy and platelet-rich plasma can improve the efficacy and safety on chronic refractory wounds. Optimal parameter combinations, elucidation of pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms can be explored in the future.

Hypothalamic Neuromodulation and Control of the Dermal Surface Temperature of Livestock during Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia elicits several physiological and behavioral responses in livestock to restore thermal neutrality. Among these responses, vasodilation and sweating help to reduce core body temperature by increasing heat dissipation by radiation and evaporation. Thermoregulatory behaviors such as increasing standing time, reducing feed intake, shade-seeking, and limiting locomotor activity also increase heat loss. These mechanisms are elicited by the connection between peripheral thermoreceptors and cerebral centers, such as the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Considering the importance of this thermoregulatory pathway, this review aims to discuss the hypothalamic control of hyperthermia in livestock, including the main physiological and behavioral changes that animals adopt to maintain their thermal stability.

Ammonium chloride-induced hypothermia is attenuated by transient receptor potential channel vanilloid-1, but augmented by ankyrin-1 in rodents

AIMS

Systemic administration of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), an acidifying agent used in human patients and experimental conditions, causes hypothermia in mice, however, the mechanisms of the thermoregulatory response to NH4Cl and whether it develops in other species remained unknown.

MAIN METHODS

We studied body temperature (Tb) changes in rats and mice induced by intraperitoneal administration of NH4Cl after blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) or ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channels.

KEY FINDINGS

In rats, NH4Cl decreased Tb by 0.4-0.8°C (p < 0.05). The NH4Cl-induced hypothermia also developed in Trpv1 knockout (Trpv1-/-) and wild-type (Trpv1+/+) mice, however, the Tb drop was exaggerated in Trpv1-/- mice compared to Trpv1+/+ controls with maximal decreases of 4.0 vs. 2.1°C, respectively (p < 0.05). Pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 channels with AMG 517 augmented the hypothermic response to NH4Cl in genetically unmodified mice and rats (p < 0.05 for both). In contrast, when NH4Cl was infused to mice genetically lacking the TRPA1 channel, the hypothermic response was significantly attenuated compared to wild-type controls with maximal mean Tb difference of 1.0°C between the genotypes (p = 0.008). Pretreatment of rats with a TRPA1 antagonist (A967079) also attenuated the NH4Cl-induced Tb drop with a maximal difference of 0.7°C between the pretreatment groups (p = 0.003).

SIGNIFICANCE

TRPV1 channels limit, whereas TRPA1 channels exaggerate the development of NH4Cl-induced hypothermia in rats and mice, but other mechanisms are also involved. Our results warrant for regular Tb control and careful consideration of NH4Cl treatment in patients with TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel dysfunctions.

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Molecular Networks Associated with the Amelioration of Aberrant Gene Expression by a Tyr-Trp Dipeptide in Brains Treated with the Amyloid-β Peptide

Short-chain peptides derived from various protein sources have been shown to exhibit diverse bio-modulatory and health-promoting effects in animal experiments and human trials. We recently reported that the oral administration of the Tyr-Trp (YW) dipeptide to mice markedly enhances noradrenaline metabolism in the brain and ameliorates the working-memory deficits induced by the β-amyloid 25-35 peptide (Aβ_25-35). In the current study, we performed multiple bioinformatics analyses of microarray data from Aβ_25-35/YW-treated brains to determine the mechanism underlying the action of YW in the brain and to infer the molecular mechanisms and networks involved in the protective effect of YW in the brain. We found that YW not only reversed inflammation-related responses but also activated various molecular networks involving a transcriptional regulatory system, which is mediated by the CREB binding protein (CBP), EGR-family proteins, ELK1, and PPAR, and the calcium-signaling pathway, oxidative stress tolerance, and an enzyme involved in de novo l-serine synthesis in brains treated with Aβ_25-35. This study revealed that YW has a neuroprotective effect against Aβ_25-35 neuropathy, suggesting that YW is a new functional-food-material peptide.