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Ding Z, Ge W, Xu X, Xu X, Sun Q, Xu X, Zhang J. A Crucial Role of Adenosine Deaminase in Regulating Gluconeogenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2024:107425. [PMID: 38823639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and regulates adenosine concentration. ADA ubiquitously expresses in various tissues to mediate adenosine receptor signaling. A significant increase in plasma ADA activity has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we show that elevated plasma ADA activity is a compensated response to high level of adenosine in T2DM and plays an essential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Supplementing with more ADA, instead of inhibiting ADA can reduces adenosine levels and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis. ADA restores a euglycemic state and recovers functional islets in db/db and high-fat-STZ diabetic mice. Mechanistically, ADA catabolizes adenosine and increases Akt and FoxO1 phosphorylation independent of insulin action. ADA lowers blood glucose at a slower rate and longer duration compared to insulin, delaying or blocking the incidence of insulinogenic hypoglycemia shock. Finally, ADA suppresses gluconeogenesis in fasted mice and insulin-deficient diabetic mice, indicating the ADA regulating gluconeogenesis is a universal biological mechanism. Overall, these results suggest that ADA is expected to be a new therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China;.
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2
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Senfeld J, Peng Q, Shi Y, Qian S, Shen J. A purinergic mechanism underlying metformin regulation of hyperglycemia. iScience 2023; 26:106898. [PMID: 37378329 PMCID: PMC10291329 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, created in 1922, has been the first-line therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus for almost 70 years; however, its mechanism of action remains controversial, partly because most prior studies used supratherapeutic concentrations exceeding 1 mM despite therapeutical blood concentrations of metformin being less than 40 μM. Here we report metformin, at 10-30 μM, blocks high glucose-stimulated ATP secretion from hepatocytes mediating its antihyperglycemic action. Following glucose administration, mice demonstrate increased circulating ATP, which is prevented by metformin. Extracellular ATP through P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2R) suppresses PIP3 production, compromising insulin-induced AKT activation while promoting hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, metformin-dependent improvements in glucose tolerance are abolished in P2Y2R-null mice. Thus, removing the target of extracellular ATP, P2Y2R, mimics the effects of metformin, revealing a new purinergic antidiabetic mechanism for metformin. Besides unraveling long-standing questions in purinergic control of glucose homeostasis, our findings provide new insights into the pleiotropic actions of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qianman Peng
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shenqi Qian
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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3
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Amin AM, Mostafa H, Khojah HMJ. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease: The genetics and metabolomics links. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:215-236. [PMID: 36566957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Although genetics and environmental factors play a role, AD is highly associated with insulin resistance (IR) disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, and type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These findings highlight a shared pathogenesis. The use of metabolomics as a downstream systems' biology (omics) approach can help to identify these shared metabolic traits and assist in the early identification of at-risk groups and potentially guide therapy. Targeting the shared AD-IR metabolic trait with lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments may offer promising AD therapeutic approach. In this narrative review, we reviewed the literature on the AD-IR pathogenic link, the shared genetics and metabolomics biomarkers between AD and IR disorders, as well as the lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments which target this pathogenic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa M Amin
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Han L, Wang G, Zhou S, Situ C, He Z, Li Y, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Xu A, Ong MTY, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu Z. Muscle satellite cells are impaired in type 2 diabetic mice by elevated extracellular adenosine. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110884. [PMID: 35649375 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is known to be defective under diabetic conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain less clear. Adult quiescent muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) from leptin-receptor-deficient (i.e., db/db) diabetic mice are defective in early activation in vivo, but not in culture, suggesting the involvement of pathogenic niche factors. Elevated extracellular adenosine (eAdo) and AMP (eAMP) are detected under diabetic conditions. eAdo and eAMP potently inhibit cell cycle re-entry of quiescent MuSCs and injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, eAdo and eAMP engage the equilibrative Ado transporters (ENTs)-Ado kinase (ADK)-AMPK signaling axis in MuSCs to inhibit the mTORC1-dependent cell growth checkpoint. eAdo and eAMP also inhibit early activation of quiescent fibroadipogenic progenitors and human MuSCs by the same mechanism. Treatment of db/db diabetic mice with an ADK inhibitor partially rescues the activation defects of MuSCs in vivo. Thus, both ADK and ENTs represent potential therapeutic targets for restoring the regenerative functions of tissue stem cells in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Han
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenghao Situ
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Chemical Pathology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yudan Qiu
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Tim Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China; Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Leung SWS, Shi Y. The glycolytic process in endothelial cells and its implications. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:251-259. [PMID: 33850277 PMCID: PMC8791959 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells play an obligatory role in regulating local vascular tone and maintaining homeostasis in vascular biology. Cell metabolism, converting food to energy in organisms, is the primary self-sustaining mechanism for cell proliferation and reproduction, structure maintenance, and fight-or-flight responses to stimuli. Four major metabolic processes take place in the energy-producing process, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glutamine metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. Among them, glycolysis is the primary energy-producing mechanism in endothelial cells. The present review focused on glycolysis in endothelial cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. Since the switches among metabolic processes precede the functional changes and disease developments, some prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies concerning the role of glycolysis in cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan, Wai Sum Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Shi
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Ding Z, Cheng R, Liu J, Zhao Y, Ge W, Yang Y, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. The suppression of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 ameliorates experimental hepatic fibrosis in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159102. [PMID: 34995790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store vitamin A as lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. When activated, these cells lose vitamin A and exhibit an increased capacity for proliferation, mobility, contractility, and the synthesis of collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix. Our previous work demonstrated that the lipid hydrolytic gene pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (mPlrp2) is involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters (REs) in the liver. Here, we showed that bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury triggered the conditional expression of mPlrp2 in livers and describe evidence of a strong relationship between the expression of mPlrp2 and Acta-2, a marker for activated HSCs. RNA interference targeting mPlrp2 inhibited HSC activation and ameliorated hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL in mice. Liver BDL markedly reduced the adenosine level and increased the ratio between S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated an increase in trimethylated histone H3K4 at the mPlrp2 promoter in BDL mice, which was associated with the conditional expression of mPlrp2 in the liver. SAM, a well-known hepatoprotective substance, inhibited mPlrp2 expression and reduced RE hydrolysis in mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by chronic CCl4 treatment. Liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 or BDL was improved in Plrp2-/- mice. Our results reveal that mPlrp2 suppression is a potential approach for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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Ge W, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Ding Z, Xu X, Weng D, Wang S, Cheng R, Zhang J. An insulin-independent mechanism for transcriptional regulation of Foxo1 in type 2 diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100846. [PMID: 34058194 PMCID: PMC8233149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the major contributor to the hyperglycemia observed in both patients and animals with type 2 diabetes. The transcription factor FOXO1 plays a dominant role in stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. FOXO1 is mainly regulated by insulin under physiological conditions, but liver-specific disruption of Foxo1 transcription restores normal gluconeogenesis in mice in which insulin signaling has been blocked, suggesting that additional regulatory mechanisms exist. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of Foxo1 may be conducive to the development of insulin-independent strategies for the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Here, we found that elevated plasma levels of adenine nucleotide in type 2 diabetes are the major regulators of Foxo1 transcription. We treated lean mice with 5'-AMP and examined their transcriptional profiles using RNA-seq. KEGG analysis revealed that the 5'-AMP treatment led to shifted profiles that were similar to db/db mice. Many of the upregulated genes were in pathways associated with the pathology of type 2 diabetes including Foxo1 signaling. As observed in diabetic db/db mice, lean mice treated with 5'-AMP displayed enhanced Foxo1 transcription, involving an increase in cellular adenosine levels and a decrease in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. This reduced methylation potential resulted in declining histone H3K9 methylation in the promoters of Foxo1, G6Pc, and Pepck. In mouse livers and cultured cells, 5'-AMP induced expression of more FOXO1 protein, which was found to be localized in the nucleus, where it could promote gluconeogenesis. Our results revealed that adenine nucleotide-driven Foxo1 transcription is crucial for excessive glucose production in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Weng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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Tan YM, Gao Y, Teo G, Koh HW, Tai ES, Khoo CM, Choi KP, Zhou L, Choi H. Plasma Metabolome and Lipidome Associations with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040228. [PMID: 33918080 PMCID: PMC8069978 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma samples from a cross-sectional case–control study with 30 healthy controls, 30 patients with diabetes mellitus and normal renal function (DM-N), and 30 early diabetic nephropathy (DKD) patients using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We employed two different modes of MS acquisition on a high-resolution MS instrument for identification and semi-quantification, and analyzed data using an advanced multivariate method for prioritizing differentially abundant metabolites. We obtained semi-quantification data for 1088 unique compounds (~55% lipids), excluding compounds that may be either exogenous compounds or treated as medication. Supervised classification analysis over a confounding-free partial correlation network shows that prostaglandins, phospholipids, nucleotides, sugars, and glycans are elevated in the DM-N and DKD patients, whereas glutamine, phenylacetylglutamine, 3-indoxyl sulfate, acetylphenylalanine, xanthine, dimethyluric acid, and asymmetric dimethylarginine are increased in DKD compared to DM-N. The data recapitulate the well-established plasma metabolome changes associated with DM-N and suggest uremic solutes and oxidative stress markers as the compounds indicating early renal function decline in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ming Tan
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore; (Y.M.T.); (K.P.C.)
| | - Yan Gao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore;
| | - Guoshou Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (G.T.); (H.W.L.K.); (E.S.T.); (C.M.K.)
| | - Hiromi W.L. Koh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (G.T.); (H.W.L.K.); (E.S.T.); (C.M.K.)
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (G.T.); (H.W.L.K.); (E.S.T.); (C.M.K.)
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (G.T.); (H.W.L.K.); (E.S.T.); (C.M.K.)
| | - Kwok Pui Choi
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore; (Y.M.T.); (K.P.C.)
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (G.T.); (H.W.L.K.); (E.S.T.); (C.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.C.)
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang J. Adenosine accumulation causes metabolic disorders in testes and associates with lower testosterone level in obese mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:241-250. [PMID: 32026564 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obese men face numerous health problems, including type 2 diabetes, subfertility, and even infertility. However, few studies have focused on the effects of nutritional status and obesity-related regulatory signals on fertility deficiency. Our previous observations have shown that the elevation of plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) and the accumulation of adenosine in liver and muscle of obese diabetic db/db mice are related to insulin resistance. Here, we found that adenosine accumulation in testis is a common marker of both genetic obesity and high-fat-diet induced obese mice. An messenger RNA sequencing analysis indicated that 78 upregulated genes and 155 downregulated genes in the testis of 5'-AMP-treated mice overlapped with the same genes in the testis of ob/ob mice, and these genes belonged to the clusters of steroid metabolic process and regulation of hormone levels, respectively. Serum testosterone was reduced in ob/ob and 5'-AMP-treated mice. Metabolomic analysis based on 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the testicular metabolic profiles of ob/ob mice were similar to those of 5'-AMP treated mice. Exogenous 5'-AMP inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction and reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions in testes. Our results suggest that the accumulation of adenosine causes metabolic disorders in testes and associates lower testosterone level in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Erukainure OL, Oyebode OA, Salau VF, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Flowers of Clerodendrum volubile modulates redox homeostasis and suppresses DNA fragmentation in Fe 2+ - induced oxidative hepatic and pancreatic injuries; and inhibits carbohydrate catabolic enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:513-524. [PMID: 31890677 PMCID: PMC6915180 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants have long been recognized for their roles in the treatment and management of diabetes and its complications. The antioxidative and antidiabetic properties of Clerodendrum volubile flowers were investigated in vitro and ex vivo. METHODS The flowers were sequentially extracted with solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water). The concentrated extracts were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols. Their inhibitory activities were investigated on α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipases, pancreatic ATPase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities. Their anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects on Fe2+-induced oxidative injuries were also investigated in pancreatic and hepatic tissues ex vivo. RESULTS The extracts showed potent free radical scavenging activity and significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited all studied enzymes. The GSH level was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in both tissues with concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities as well as reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The extracts significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed DNA fragmentation in hepatic tissue. These activities were dose-dependent. The ethanol extract showed the best activity and can be attributed to the synergetic effect of its chemical constituents identified via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). CONCLUSION These results suggest the antioxidative, antidiabetic and anti-obesogenic potentials of C. volubile flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000 South Africa
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Olajumoke A. Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Veronica F. Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Neil A. Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000 South Africa
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Weng D, Wang S, Zhang J. Adenine nucleotide-mediated regulation of hepatic PTP1B activity in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2106-2117. [PMID: 31410531 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Plasma 5'-AMP (pAMP) is elevated in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. However, the metabolic regulatory role of adenine nucleotides in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. METHODS Adenine nucleotides and their metabolites in plasma and liver were examined by HPLC. 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis was performed to explore the changes of metabolites in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+/H+ exchanger activity were measured in response to adenine nucleotide metabolites. Human recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) was used for enzyme kinetic assays. Protein binding assays were performed with microscale thermophoresis. The intracellular pH of hepatocyte AML12 cell lines was measured using the BCECF-AM method. We also analysed pAMP levels in participants with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Elevation of pAMP was a universal phenomenon in all mouse models of type 2 diabetes including db/db vs lean mice (13.9 ± 2.3 μmol/l vs 3.7 ± 0.9 μmol/l; p < 0.01), ob/ob vs lean mice (9.1 ± 2.0 μmol/l vs 3.9 ± 1.2 μmol/l; p < 0.01) and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced vs wild-type mice (6.6 ± 1.5 μmol/l vs 4.1 ± 0.9 μmol/l; p < 0.05); this elevation was required for the occurrence of hyperglycaemia in obese mice. 1H NMR-based metabolomics study following HPLC analysis revealed that the metabolite profile in wild-type mice treated with 5'-AMP was similar to that in db/db diabetic mice, especially the accumulation of a large quantity of ATP and its metabolites. The glucose-lowering drug metformin reduced the severity of hyperglycaemia both in 5'-AMP-induced wild-type mice and db/db mice. Metformin decreased the accumulation of liver ATP but not its metabolites in these hyperglycaemic mice. ATP and metformin reciprocally change cellular pH homeostasis in liver, causing opposite shifts in liver activity of PTP1B, a key negative regulator of insulin signalling. Furthermore, pAMP levels were also elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (45.2 ± 22.7 nmol/l vs 3.1 ± 1.9 nmol/l; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results reveal an emerging role for adenine nucleotide in the regulation of hyperglycaemia and provide a potential therapeutic target in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dan Weng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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12
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang J. An Intermediary Role of Adenine Nucleotides on Free Fatty Acids-Induced Hyperglycemia in Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31447776 PMCID: PMC6691070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA) level plays a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) elevates and acts as a potential upstream regulator of hyperglycemia in diabetic db/db mice. The relationship between FFA and plasma adenosine nucleotides in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Here we found that plasma 5'-AMP level was also increased in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), as observed in diabetic db/db mice. The metabolites of adenosine nucleotides in plasma were increased in obese mice compared to lean mice. An acute oil gavage to lean mice increased both FFA and plasma purine metabolites, accompanying with glucose intolerance. 5'-AMP administration resulted in an increase in dose-dependent purine metabolites and different levels of glucose intolerance. FFA induced a release of adenine nucleotides from cultural human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) prior to induction of their apoptosis. FFA also reduced red blood cells (RBCs) resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to hemolysis, thereby increasing plasma nucleotides. Our results suggest that plasma adenine nucleotides play an intermediary role in FFA-induced glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in obese mice.
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13
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Erukainure OL, Mopuri R, Chukwuma CI, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Phaseolus lunatus
(lima beans) abates Fe
2+
‐induced hepatic redox imbalance; inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and major carbohydrate catabolic enzymes; and modulates muscle glucose uptake. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal (Westville Campus) Durban South Africa
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division Federal Institute of Industrial Research Lagos Nigeria
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal (Westville Campus) Durban South Africa
| | - Chika I. Chukwuma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal (Westville Campus) Durban South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology University of Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Neil A. Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu‐Natal (Westville Campus) Durban South Africa
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal (Westville Campus) Durban South Africa
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14
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Yang X, Zhan Y, Sun Q, Xu X, Kong Y, Zhang J. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate blocks acetaminophen toxicity by increasing ubiquitination-mediated ASK1 degradation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6273-6282. [PMID: 28031524 PMCID: PMC5351630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver failure in the world. Hepatic c-jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation is thought to be a consequence of oxidative stress produced during APAP metabolism. Activation of JNK signals causes hepatocellular damage with necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Here we found that APAP caused a feedback increase in plasma adenosine 5′-monophsphate (5′-AMP). We demonstrated that co-administration of APAP and 5′-AMP significantly ameliorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, without influences on APAP metabolism and its analgesic function. The mechanism of protection by 5′-AMP was through inhibiting APAP-induced activation of JNK, and attenuating downstream c-jun and c-fos gene expression. This was triggered by attenuating apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1(ASK1) methylation and increasing ubiquitination-mediated ASK1 protein degradation. Our findings indicate that replacing the current APAP with a safe and functional APAP/5′-AMP formulation could prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yibei Zhan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yi Kong
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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15
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Dacryodes edulis enhances antioxidant activities, suppresses DNA fragmentation in oxidative pancreatic and hepatic injuries; and inhibits carbohydrate digestive enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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16
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Casanova-Martí À, Serrano J, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Acute selective bioactivity of grape seed proanthocyanidins on enteroendocrine secretions in the gastrointestinal tract. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1321347. [PMID: 28659730 PMCID: PMC5475339 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1321347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteroendocrine cells respond to food components by secreting an array of hormones that regulate several functions. We have previously shown that grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) modulate GLP-1 levels. Objective: To deepen on the knowledge of the mechanisms used by GSPE to increase GLP-1, and extend it to its role at modulation of other enterohormones. Design: We used an ex vivo system to test direct modulation of enterohormones; STC-1 cells to test pure phenolic compounds; and rats to test the effects at different gastrointestinal segments. Results: GSPE compounds act at several locations along the gastrointestinal tract modulating enterohormone secretion depending on the feeding condition. GSPE directly promotes GLP-1 secretion in the ileum, while unabsorbed/metabolized forms do so in the colon. Such stimulation requires the presence of glucose. GSPE enhanced GIP and reduced CCK secretion; gallic acid could be partly responsible for this effect. Conclusions: The activity of GSPE modulating enterohormone secretion may help to explain its effects on metabolism. GSPE acts through several mechanisms; its compounds and their metabolites are GLP-1 secretagogues in ileum and colon, respectively. In vivo GLP-1 secretion might also be mediated by indirect pathways involving modulation of other enterohormones that in turn regulate GLP-1 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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17
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Xia L, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhan Y, Cheng R, Wang S, Zhang J. Reciprocal regulation of insulin and plasma 5'-AMP in glucose homeostasis in mice. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:225-34. [PMID: 25512345 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A previous investigation has demonstrated that plasma 5'-AMP (pAMP) exacerbates and causes hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. However, the crosstalk between pAMP and insulin signaling to regulate glucose homeostasis has not been investigated in depth. In this study, we showed that the blood glucose level was more dependent on the ratio of insulin to pAMP than on the absolute level of these two factors. Administration of 5'-AMP significantly attenuated the insulin-stimulated insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation in the liver and muscle tissues, resulting in the inhibition of downstream AKT phosphorylation. A docking analysis indicated that adenosine was a potential inhibitor of IR tyrosine kinase. Moreover, the 5'-AMP treatment elevated the ATP level in the pancreas and in the isolated islets, stimulating insulin secretion and increasing the plasma level of insulin. The insulin administration decreased the 5'-AMP-induced hyper-adenosine level by the up-regulation of adenosine kinase activities. Our results indicate that blood glucose homeostasis is reciprocally regulated by pAMP and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yibei Zhan
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular MetabolismNanjing University of Science and Technology, B508, #364, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of RadiologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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18
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Xia L, Ma S, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhou M, Wang Z, Zhang J. Daily variation in global and local DNA methylation in mouse livers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118101. [PMID: 25689298 PMCID: PMC4331433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the best-characterized epigenetic modifications and has an important biological relevance. Here we showed that global DNA methylation level in mouse livers displayed a daily variation where the peak phases occurred during the end of the day and the lowest level at the beginning of the day in the light-dark or dark-dark cycles. Typical repeat sequence long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) had a similar methylation rhythm to global DNA. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) brought a relative forward daily variation to global DNA methylation, and the temporary change in ratio of SAM to SAH had no influence on the DNA methylation level. The rhythm of global DNA methylation was lost and DNA methylation level was increased in Per1-/-Per2-/- double knockout mice, which were in accordance with changes of Dnmt3a mRNA levels and its rhythm. Our results suggest that the daily variation in global DNA methylation was associated with the change of Dnmt3a expression rather than ratio of SAM to SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shihong Ma
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Mengyi Zhou
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZW)
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZW)
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19
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Zhan Y, Wang Z, Yang P, Wang T, Xia L, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wang S, Hua Z, Zhang J. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate ameliorates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury through an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e985. [PMID: 24407238 PMCID: PMC4040656 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality and acute liver failure is dependent on endogenously produced inflammatory cytokines. Adenosine has been proven to be a central role in the regulation of inflammatory response. It is not entirely clear that which adenosine action is actually crucial to limiting inflammatory tissue destruction. Here we showed that GalN/LPS challenge elevated hepatic adenosine and induced lethality in adenosine receptor-deficient mice with equal efficiency as wild-type mice. In GalN/LPS-treated mice, pretreatment with adenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-AMP) significantly elevated hepatic adenosine level and reduced mortality through decreasing cytokine and chemokine production. In RAW264.7 cells, 5'-AMP treatment inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, which is not mediated through adenosine receptors. 5'-AMP failed to attenuate LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation, but reduced LPS-induced recruitment of NF-κB p65 to inflammatory gene promoters and decreased LPS-induced enrichment of H3K4 dimethylation at the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoter, which was involved in 5'-AMP-induced elevation of cellular adenosine and a decline of methylation potential. In vitro biochemical analysis revealed that adenosine directly attenuated recruitment of NF-κB to the TNF-α and interleukin-6 promoters. Our findings demonstrate that 5'-AMP-inhibiting inflammatory response is not mediated by adenosine receptors and it may represent a potential protective agent for amelioration of LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Z Wang
- East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - P Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - T Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - L Xia
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - M Zhou
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - S Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Z Hua
- The State Kay Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhang
- 1] Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China [2] The State Kay Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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