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Mora-Rodriguez R, Moreno-Cabañas A, Alvarez-Jimenez L, Mora-Gonzalez D, Ortega JF, Morales-Palomo F. A bout of aerobic exercise in the heat increases carbohydrate use but does not enhance the disposal of an oral glucose load, in healthy active individuals. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E648-E662. [PMID: 38568152 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00312.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We investigated if a bout of exercise in a hot environment (HEAT) would reduce the postprandial hyperglycemia induced by glucose ingestion. The hypothesis was that HEAT stimulating carbohydrate oxidation and glycogen use would increase the disposal of an ingested glucose load [i.e., oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); 75 g of glucose]. Separated by at least 1 wk, nine young healthy individuals underwent three trials after an overnight fast in a randomized order. Two trials included 50 min of pedaling at 58 ± 5% V̇o2max either in a thermoneutral (21 ± 1°C; NEUTRAL) or in a hot environment (33 ± 1°C; HEAT) eliciting similar energy expenditure (503 ± 101 kcal). These two trials were compared with a no-exercise trial (NO EXER). Twenty minutes after exercise (or rest), subjects underwent an OGTT, while carbohydrate oxidation (CHOxid, using indirect calorimetry) plasma blood glucose, insulin concentrations (i.e., [glucose], [insulin]), and double tracer glucose kinetics ([U-13C] glucose ingestion and [6,6-2H2] glucose infusion) were monitored for 120 min. At rest, [glucose], [insulin], and rates of appearance/disappearance of glucose in plasma (glucose Ra/Rd) were similar among trials. During exercise, heart rate, tympanic temperature, [glucose], glycogen oxidation, and total CHOxid were higher during HEAT than NEUTRAL (i.e., 149 ± 35 vs. 124 ± 31 µmol·kg-1·min-1, P = 0.010). However, during the following OGTT, glucose Rd was similar in HEAT and NEUTRAL trials (i.e., 25.1 ± 3.6 vs. 25.2 ± 5.3 µmol·kg-1·min-1, P = 0.981). Insulin sensitivity (i.e., ISIndexMATSUDA) only improved in NEUTRAL compared with NO EXER (10.1 ± 4.6 vs. 8.8 ± 3.7 au; P = 0.044). In summary, stimulating carbohydrate use with exercise in a hot environment does not improve postprandial plasma glucose disposal or insulin sensitivity in a subsequent OGTT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise in the heat increases estimated muscle glycogen use. Reduced muscle glycogen after exercise in the heat could increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake during a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, plasma glucose kinetics are not improved during the OGTT in response to a bout of exercise in the heat, and insulin sensitivity worsens. Heat stress activates glucose counterregulatory hormones whose actions may linger during the OGTT, preventing increased glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diego Mora-Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Fernando Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Felix Morales-Palomo
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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McFadden SA, Peck MR, Sime LN, Cox MF, Ikiz ED, Findley CA, Quinn K, Fang Y, Bartke A, Hascup ER, Hascup KN. Thermotherapy has Sexually Dimorphic Responses in APP/PS1 Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586836. [PMID: 38586039 PMCID: PMC10996586 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A thermoregulatory decline occurs with age due to changes in muscle mass, vasoconstriction, and metabolism that lowers core body temperature (Tc). Although lower Tc is a biomarker of successful aging, we have previously shown this worsens cognitive performance in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1]. We hypothesized that elevating Tc with thermotherapy would improve metabolism and cognition in APP/PS1 mice. From 6-12 months of age, male and female APP/PS1 and C57BL/6 mice were chronically housed at 23 or 30°C. At 12 months of age, mice were assayed for insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and spatial cognition. Plasma, hippocampal, and peripheral (adipose, hepatic, and skeletal muscle) samples were procured postmortem and tissue-specific markers of amyloid accumulation, metabolism, and inflammation were assayed. Chronic 30°C exposure increased Tc in all groups except female APP/PS1 mice. All mice receiving thermotherapy had either improved glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity, but the underlying processes responsible for these effects varied across sexes. In males, glucose regulation was influenced predominantly by hormonal signaling in plasma and skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 expression, whereas in females, this was modulated at the tissue level. Thermotherapy improved spatial navigation in male C57BL/6 and APP/PS1 mice, with the later attributed to reduced hippocampal soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42. Female APP/PS1 mice exhibited worse spatial memory recall after chronic thermotherapy. Together, the data highlights the metabolic benefits of passive thermotherapy with potential nonpharmacological management for some individuals with AD, and provides further evidence for the necessity of adopting personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. McFadden
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Peck
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Sime
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - MaKayla F. Cox
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erol D. Ikiz
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Caleigh A. Findley
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK. The multifaceted benefits of passive heat therapies for extending the healthspan: A comprehensive review with a focus on Finnish sauna. Temperature (Austin) 2024; 11:27-51. [PMID: 38577299 PMCID: PMC10989710 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2300623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive heat therapy is characterized by exposure to a high environmental temperature for a brief period. There are several types of passive heat therapy which include hot tubs, Waon therapy, hydrotherapy, sanarium, steam baths, infrared saunas and Finnish saunas. The most commonly used and widely studied till date are the Finnish saunas, which are characterized by high temperatures (ranging from 80-100°C) and dry air with relative humidity varying from 10-20%. The goal of this review is to provide a summary of the current evidence on the impact of passive heat therapies particularly Finnish saunas on various health outcomes, while acknowledging the potential of these therapies to contribute to the extension of healthspan, based on their demonstrated health benefits and disease prevention capabilities. The Finnish saunas have the most consistent and robust evidence regarding health benefits and they have been shown to decrease the risk of health outcomes such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, thromboembolism, dementia, and respiratory conditions; may improve the severity of musculoskeletal disorders, COVID-19, headache and flu, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, and longevity. Finnish saunas may also augment the beneficial effects of other protective lifestyle factors such as physical activity. The beneficial effects of passive heat therapies may be linked to their anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-oxidant properties and synergistic effects on neuroendocrine, circulatory, cardiovascular and immune function. Passive heat therapies, notably Finnish saunas, are emerging as potentially powerful and holistic strategies to promoting health and extending the healthspan in all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Li B, Dong Y, Hu S, Liu T. MiR-143-3p/FNDC5 axis: a novel regulator of insulin sensitivity. Endocrine 2024; 83:368-377. [PMID: 37815745 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin resistance is a key hallmark in type 2 diabetes. In recent decades, there have been numerous studies of the causes of insulin resistance. microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of multiple aspects of energy metabolism and miR-143-3p has been shown to induce insulin resistance. We aimed to predict the downstream targets of miR-143-3p and found a miR-143-3p binding site on the 3'-untranslated region of FNDC5 (Fibronectin type III domain containing 5) mRNA. METHODS We first confirmed that FNDC5 mRNA is a target of miR-143-3p using a double luciferase experiment, then constructed a prokaryotic expression system for the mature form of FNDC5, irisin, and expressed and purified irisin protein. We transfected a miR-143-3p mimic into HepG2-NTCP (Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide) cells using an NTCP targeting vector, then 24 h later, the glucose concentration of the culture medium, western blot analysis was analyzed. We next co-incubated the cells transfected with the miR-143-3p mimic with irisin for 12 h following by the assay of glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation. RESULTS The glucose concentration of the culture medium was higher than that associated with control miRNA-transfected cells (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the miR-143-3p mimic significantly reduced the expression of FNDC5 (p < 0.05) and the phosphorylation of AKT (Protein kinase B) (p < 0.05), implying impaired insulin signaling. which increased the glucose uptake (p < 0.0001) and AKT phosphorylation in the cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that FNDC5 is a direct target of miR-143-3p and that miR-143-3p induces insulin resistance by reducing its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- School of Sports and Arts, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Bril F, Ezeh U, Amiri M, Hatoum S, Pace L, Chen YH, Bertrand F, Gower B, Azziz R. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:10-24. [PMID: 37329216 PMCID: PMC10735305 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic trait and the most common endocrine disorder of women, clinically evident in 5% to 15% of reproductive-aged women globally, with associated cardiometabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS even in patients who do not have excess adiposity. METHODS We undertook a systematic review concerning AT dysfunction in PCOS, and prioritized studies that assessed AT function directly. We also explored therapies that targeted AT dysfunction for the treatment of PCOS. RESULTS Various mechanisms of AT dysfunction in PCOS were identified including dysregulation in storage capacity, hypoxia, and hyperplasia; impaired adipogenesis; impaired insulin signaling and glucose transport; dysregulated lipolysis and nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) kinetics; adipokine and cytokine dysregulation and subacute inflammation; epigenetic dysregulation; and mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Decreased glucose transporter-4 expression and content in adipocytes, leading to decreased insulin-mediated glucose transport in AT, was a consistent abnormality despite no alterations in insulin binding or in IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling. Adiponectin secretion in response to cytokines/chemokines is affected in PCOS compared to controls. Interestingly, epigenetic modulation via DNA methylation and microRNA regulation appears to be important mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction in PCOS. CONCLUSION AT dysfunction, more than AT distribution and excess adiposity, contributes to the metabolic and inflammation abnormalities of PCOS. Nonetheless, many studies provided contradictory, unclear, or limited data, highlighting the urgent need for additional research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bril
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Uche Ezeh
- California IVF Fertility Center, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mina Amiri
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1516745811, Iran
| | - Sana Hatoum
- Foundation for Research and Education Excellence, Vestavia, AL 35243, USA
| | - Lauren Pace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Research, Biomere-West, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Fred Bertrand
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barbara Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Healthcare Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Ely BR, Clayton ZS, Minson CT. The effect of hot water immersion on glucose tolerance: Differences between acute and chronic exposure. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 10:402-403. [PMID: 38130662 PMCID: PMC10732686 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2190727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Ely
- Department of Sport & Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, MA, USA
| | - Zachary S. Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Willmott AGB, James CA, Hayes M, Maxwell NS, Roberts J, Gibson OR. The reliability of a portable steam sauna pod for the whole-body passive heating of humans. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103743. [PMID: 37979477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Passive heating is receiving increasing attention within human performance and health contexts. A low-cost, portable steam sauna pod may offer an additional tool for those seeking to manipulate physiological (cardiovascular, thermoregulatory and sudomotor) and perceptual responses for improving sporting or health profiles. This study aimed to 1) report the different levels of heat stress and determine the pods' inter-unit reliability, and 2) quantify the reliability of physiological and perceptual responses to passive heating. METHOD In part 1, five pods were assessed for temperature and relative humidity (RH) every 5 min across 70 min of heating for each of the 9 settings. In part 2, twelve males (age: 24 ± 4 years) completed two 60 min trials of passive heating (3 × 20 min at 44 °C/99% RH, separated by 1 week). Heart rate (HR), rectal (Trectal) and tympanic temperature (Ttympanic) were recorded every 5 min, thermal comfort (Tcomfort) and sensation (Tsensation) every 10 min, mean arterial pressure (MAP) at each break period and sweat rate (SR) after exiting the pod. RESULTS In part 1, setting 9 provided the highest temperature (44.3 ± 0.2 °C) and longest time RH remained stable at 99% (51±7 min). Inter-unit reliability data demonstrated agreement between pods for settings 5-9 (intra-class correlation [ICC] >0.9), but not for settings 1-4 (ICC <0.9). In part 2, between-visits, high correlations, and low typical error of measurement (TEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were found for Trectal, HR, MAP, SR, and Tcomfort, but not for Ttympanic or Tsensation. A peak Trectal of 38.09 ± 0.30 °C, HR of 124 ± 15 b min-1 and a sweat loss of 0.73 ± 0.33 L were reported. No between-visit differences (p > 0.05) were observed for Trectal, Ttympanic, Tsensation or Tcomfort, however HR (+3 b.min-1) and MAP (+4 mmHg) were greater in visit 1 vs. 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Portable steam sauna pods generate reliable heat stress between-units. The highest setting (44 °C/99% RH) also provides reliable but modest adjustments in physiological and perceptual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G B Willmott
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences (CCSES), Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.
| | - C A James
- Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI), Hong Kong; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University. Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - M Hayes
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - N S Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - J Roberts
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences (CCSES), Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - O R Gibson
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease (CHPAD), Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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James TJ, Corbett J, Cummings M, Allard S, Shute JK, Belcher H, Mayes H, Gould AAM, Piccolo DD, Tipton M, Perissiou M, Saynor ZL, Shepherd AI. The effect of repeated hot water immersion on insulin sensitivity, heat shock protein 70, and inflammation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E755-E763. [PMID: 37938179 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00222.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Repeated hot water immersion (HWI) can improve glycemic control in healthy individuals but data are limited for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study investigated whether repeated HWI improves insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status and reduces plasma ([extracellular heat shock protein 70]) [eHSP70] and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Fourteen individuals with T2DM participated in this pre- versus postintervention study, with outcome measures assessed in fasted (≥12 h) and postprandial (2-h post-75 g glucose ingestion) states. HWI consisted of 1 h in 40°C water (target rectal temperature 38.5°C-39°C) repeated 8-10 times within a 14-day period. Outcome measures included insulin sensitivity, plasma [glucose], [insulin], [eHSP70], inflammatory markers, RMR, and substrate utilization. The HWI intervention increased fasted insulin sensitivity (QUICKI; P = 0.03) and lowered fasted plasma [insulin] (P = 0.04), but fasting plasma [glucose] (P = 0.83), [eHSP70] (P = 0.08), [IL-6] (P = 0.55), [IL-10] (P = 0.59), postprandial insulin sensitivity (P = 0.19), plasma [glucose] (P = 0.40), and [insulin] (P = 0.47) were not different. RMR was reduced by 6.63% (P < 0.05), although carbohydrate (P = 0.43) and fat oxidation (P = 0.99) rates were unchanged. This study shows that 8-10 HWIs within a 14-day period improved fasting insulin sensitivity and plasma [insulin] in individuals with T2DM, but not when glucose tolerance is challenged. HWI also improves metabolic efficiency (i.e., reduced RMR). Together these results could be clinically important and have implications for metabolic health outcomes and well-being in individuals with T2DM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate repeated HWI to raise deep body temperature on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, eHSP70, and substrate utilization in individuals with T2DM. The principal novel findings were improvements in fasting insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma [insulin] but no change in fasting plasma [glucose], postprandial insulin sensitivity, plasma [insulin], or [glucose]. There was also no change in eHSP70, inflammatory status, or substrate utilization but there were reductions in RMR and oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J James
- Faculty of Science and Health, Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Corbett
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cummings
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Allard
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Janis K Shute
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey Belcher
- Faculty of Science and Health, Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Mayes
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alex A M Gould
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D Piccolo
- Faculty of Science and Health, Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tipton
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Perissiou
- Faculty of Science and Health, Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- Faculty of Science and Health, Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- Faculty of Science and Health, Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Health, Extreme Environments Theme, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Amin SN, Asali F, Aolymat I, Abuquteish D, Abu Al Karsaneh O, El Gazzar WB, Shaltout SA, Alabdallat YJ, Elberry DA, Kamar SS, Hosny SA, Mehesen MN, Rashed LA, Farag AM, ShamsEldeen AM. Comparing MitoQ10 and heat therapy: Evaluating mechanisms and therapeutic potential for polycystic ovary syndrome induced by circadian rhythm disruption. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1004-1027. [PMID: 37548004 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2241902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as sleep restriction, contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by causing hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and oligo- or anovulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of circadian rhythm disruption on reproductive and metabolic functions and investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of MitoQ10 and hot tub therapy (HTT). Sixty female rats were divided into six groups: control, MitoQ10, HTT, and three groups with PCOS induced by continuous light exposure(L/L). The reproductive, endocrine, and structural manifestations ofL/L-induced PCOS were confirmed by serum biochemical measurements, ultrasound evaluation of ovarian size, and vaginal smear examination at week 14. Subsequently, the rats were divided into the L/L (untreated), L/L+MitoQ10-treated, andL/L+HTT-treated groups. At the end of week 22, all rats were sacrificed. Treatmentwith MitoQ10 or HTT partially reversed the reproductive, endocrine, and structural features of PCOS, leading to a decreased amplitude of isolated uterine contractions, ovarian cystic changes and size, and endometrial thickness. Furthermore, both interventions improved the elevated serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), kisspeptin, Fibulin-1, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 19 (ADAMTS-19), lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress markers, androgen receptors (AR) and their transcription target genes, FKBP52 immunostaining in ovarian tissues, and uterine estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and PRimmunostaining. In conclusion, MitoQ10 supplementation and HTT demonstrated the potential for ameliorating metabolic, reproductive, and structural perturbations associated with PCOS induced by circadian rhythm disruption. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for these interventions in managing PCOS in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fida Asali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua Abuquteish
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ola Abu Al Karsaneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ahmed Shaltout
- Department of Pharmacology, Public Health, and Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia Azmy Elberry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Histology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Adel Hosny
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa Nagi Mehesen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Mohammed ShamsEldeen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Roxburgh BH, Campbell HA, Cotter JD, Reymann U, Williams MJA, Gwynne-Jones D, Thomas KN. Acute and adaptive cardiovascular and metabolic effects of passive heat therapy or high-intensity interval training in patients with severe lower-limb osteoarthritis. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15699. [PMID: 37300374 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is painful and difficult to perform for patients with severe lower-limb osteoarthritis; consequently, reduced physical activity contributes to increased cardiometabolic disease risk. The aim of this study was to characterize the acute and adaptive cardiovascular and metabolic effects of two low or no impact therapies in patients with severe lower-limb osteoarthritis: passive heat therapy (Heat) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) utilizing primarily the unaffected limbs, compared to a control intervention of home-based exercise (Home). Participants completed up to 12 weeks of either Heat (20-30 min immersed in 40°C water followed by ~15-min light resistance exercise), HIIT (6-8 × 60-s intervals on a cross-trainer or arm ergometer at ~90-100% peak V ̇ $$ \dot{V} $$ O2 ) or Home (~15-min light resistance exercise); all 3 sessions/week. Reductions in systolic (12 & 10 mm Hg), diastolic (7 & 4 mm Hg), and mean arterial (8 & 6 mm Hg) blood pressure (BP) were observed following one bout of Heat or HIIT exposure, lasting for the duration of the 20-min monitoring period. Across the interventions (i.e., 12 weeks), resting systolic BP and diastolic BP decreased with Heat (-9 & -4 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and HIIT (-7 & -3 mm Hg; p ≤ 0.011), but not Home (0 & 0 mm Hg; p ≥ 0.785). The systolic and diastolic BP responses to an acute exposure of Heat or HIIT in the first intervention session were moderately correlated with adaptive responses across the intervention (r ≥ 0.54, p ≤ 0.005). Neither intervention improved indices of glycemic control (p = 0.310). In summary, both Heat and HIIT induced potent immediate and adaptive hypotensive effects, and the acute response was moderately predictive of the long-term response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon H Roxburgh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly A Campbell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ulla Reymann
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J A Williams
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Gwynne-Jones
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dunedin Hospital, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate N Thomas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Niinuma SA, Lubbad L, Lubbad W, Moin ASM, Butler AE. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031838. [PMID: 36768170 PMCID: PMC9915177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and post-menopausal women. PCOS is a multifactorial heterogeneous disorder associated with a variety of etiologies, outcomes, and clinical manifestations. However, the pathophysiology of PCOS is still unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have recently been investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. HSPs are a class of proteins that act as molecular chaperones and maintain cellular proteostasis. More recently, their actions beyond that of molecular chaperones have highlighted their pathogenic role in several diseases. In PCOS, different HSP family members show abnormal expression that affects the proliferation and apoptotic rates of ovarian cells as well as immunological processes. HSP dysregulation in the ovaries of PCOS subjects leads to a proliferation/apoptosis imbalance that mechanistically impacts follicle stage development, resulting in polycystic ovaries. Moreover, HSPs may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS-associated conditions. Recent studies on HSP activity during therapeutic interventions for PCOS suggest that modulating HSP activity may lead to novel treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the role of HSPs in the pathogenesis of PCOS and their potential role in the treatment of PCOS, and we outline areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anjum Niinuma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Laila Lubbad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Walaa Lubbad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +973-66760313
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12
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AlSabagh AT, Rao MS, Renno WM. The impact of heat therapy on neuromuscular function and muscle atrophy in diabetic rats. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1039588. [PMID: 36685197 PMCID: PMC9849254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease worldwide and is associated with many systemic complications. Muscle atrophy is one of the significant complications in DM patients, making routine tasks laborious as atrophy continues. It is known that heat stress stimulates heat shock proteins and other proteins that maintain muscle mass; however, it is not thoroughly studied in diabetic conditions. This study addressed whether heat therapy can attenuate muscle atrophy in STZ-induced diabetic rats and explored its mechanism of action on specific muscle proteins. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into short-term (3 weeks) and long-term (6 weeks) experiments. In each experiment rats were divided into control, heat therapy, diabetic and diabetic + heat therapy groups. Rats in heat therapy groups were exposed to heat therapy for 30 min daily for three or six weeks in a temperature-controlled (42°C) chamber. Results: The attenuation of neuromuscular functions assessed by Rotarod, Kondziella's inverted screen, and extensor postural thrust tests showed that diabetic rats exposed to heat therapy performed significantly better than diabetic controls. Muscle cross sectional area data established that heat therapy reduced muscle atrophy by 34.3% within 3 weeks and 44.1% within 6 weeks in the diabetic groups. Further, heat therapy significantly decreased muscle atrophy markers (CD68, KLF, and MAFbx) and significantly elevated muscle hypertrophy markers (AKT, mTOR, and HSP70). Conclusions: This study shows the relevance and clinical significance of utilizing heat therapy as a viable treatment to attenuate muscle atrophy in diabetic patients.
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13
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Li R, Peng J, Zhang J, Hu R, Zhang L, Wu Y, Sun Q, Liu C. Sex difference in effects of intermittent heat exposure on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158704. [PMID: 36108838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate warming has drawn worldwide attention. However, the health impact of heat exposure is still controversial. This study aimed to explore the exact effects and sex differential vulnerability under intermittent heat exposure (IHE) patterns and tried to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which IHE modulated hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Both female and male C57BL/6 N mice were randomly allocated to control group (22 ± 1 °C) or intermittent heat group (37 ± 1 °C for 6 h) for 9 consecutive days followed by 4-day recovery at 22 ± 1 °C in a whole-body exposure chamber. Male mice, but not female, being influenced by IHE with decreased body weight, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Next, the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG) were decreased and free fatty acid (FFA) increased in male mice exposed to intermittent heat, accompanied with upregulated expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in the liver. In addition, IHE led to enhanced lipid catabolism in male mice by inducing fatty acid uptake, lipid lipolysis, mitochondrial/peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and lipid export. And glycolysis and glucose utilization were induced by IHE in male mice as well. Mechanically, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)/insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/AMPKα pathways were activated in response to IHE. These findings provide new evidence that IHE sex-dependently enhanced the metabolism of lipid and glucose in male mice through HSP70/IRS1/AMPKα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yindan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Peng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlu Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Gibson OR, Astin R, Puthucheary Z, Yadav S, Preston S, Gavins FNE, González-Alonso J. Skeletal muscle angiogenic, regulatory, and heat shock protein responses to prolonged passive hyperthermia of the human lower limb. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R1-R14. [PMID: 36409025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00320.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Passive hyperthermia induces a range of physiological responses including augmenting skeletal muscle mRNA expression. This experiment aimed to examine gene and protein responses to prolonged passive leg hyperthermia. Seven young participants underwent 3 h of resting unilateral leg heating (HEAT) followed by a further 3 h of rest, with the contralateral leg serving as an unheated control (CONT). Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline (0 h), and at 1.5, 3, 4, and 6 h in HEAT and 0 and 6 h in CONT to assess changes in selected mRNA expression via qRT-PCR, and HSP72 and VEGFα concentration via ELISA. Muscle temperature (Tm) increased in HEAT plateauing from 1.5 to 3 h (+3.5 ± 1.5°C from 34.2 ± 1.2°C baseline value; P < 0.001), returning to baseline at 6 h. No change occurred in CONT. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Forkhead box O1 (FOXO-1), Hsp72, and VEGFα mRNA increased in HEAT (P < 0.05); however, post hoc analysis identified that only Hsp72 mRNA statistically increased (at 4 h vs. baseline). When peak change during HEAT was calculated angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT-2) decreased (-0.4 ± 0.2-fold), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) (+2.9 ± 1.6-fold), FOXO-1 (+6.2 ± 4.4-fold), Hsp27 (+2.9 ± 1.7-fold), Hsp72 (+8.5 ± 3.5-fold), Hsp90α (+4.6 ± 3.7-fold), and VEGFα (+5.9 ± 3.1-fold) increased from baseline (all P < 0.05). At 6 h Tm were not different between limbs (P = 0.582; CONT = 32.5 ± 1.6°C, HEAT = 34.3 ± 1.2°C), and only ANGPT-2 (P = 0.031; -1.3 ± 1.4-fold) and VEGFα (P = 0.030; 1.1 ± 1.2-fold) differed between HEAT and CONT. No change in VEGFα or HSP72 protein concentration were observed over time; however, peak change in VEGFα did increase (P < 0.05) in HEAT (+140 ± 184 pg·mL-1) versus CONT (+7 ± 86 pg·mL-1). Passive hyperthermia transiently augmented ANGPT-2, CCL2, eNOS, FOXO-1, Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp90α and VEGFα mRNA, and VEGFα protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rónan Astin
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zudin Puthucheary
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Yadav
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Preston
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - José González-Alonso
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Kazeminia M, Rajati F, Rajati M. The effect of exercise on anti-Mullerian hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as the most common endocrinopathy among women of childbearing age and the most important cause of anovulatory infertility. The present study aimed to estimate the pooled effect of exercise on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in PCOS women using systematic review and meta-analysis.
Main body
The present study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines from 2011 to October 2021. All published studies, which met the inclusion criteria, were searched in SID, MagIran, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) databases, and Google Scholar motor engine using related MeSH/Emtree terms, which were combined with free text word. Finally, 12 articles were included in the meta-analysis. As a result of the combination of the studies, after exercise, AMH level in the intervention group significantly decreased up to 0.517 ± 0.169 more than that in the control group (P ˂ 0.05). The results of subgroup analysis demonstrated that the effect of resistance training for 16 weeks was higher on women with body mass index (BMI) (≥ 25 kg/m2) and AMH (≥ 10 ng/mL) before the intervention. GRADEpro software was used to grade the level of evidence.
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that either strength exercise or aerobic exercise decrease the AMH level in PCOS women. It seems more duration of the exercise has a more potential advantage to reduce the AMH levels in women with PCOS. Although the results graded by very low-quality evidence, it is recommended to include exercise in the treatment programs of PCOS patients.
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16
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Monroe JC, Pae BJ, Kargl C, Gavin TP, Parker J, Perkins SM, Han Y, Klein J, Motaganahalli RL, Roseguini BT. Effects of home-based leg heat therapy on walking performance in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a pilot randomized trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:546-560. [PMID: 35771219 PMCID: PMC9448284 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00143.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few noninvasive therapies currently exist to improve functional capacity in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that unsupervised, home-based leg heat therapy (HT) using water-circulating trousers perfused with warm water would improve walking performance in patients with PAD. Patients with symptomatic PAD were randomized into either leg HT (n = 18) or a sham treatment (n = 16). Patients were provided with water-circulating trousers and a portable pump and were asked to apply the therapy daily (7 days/wk, 90 min/session) for 8 wk. The primary study outcome was the change from baseline in 6-min walk distance at 8-wk follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the claudication onset-time, peak walking time, peak pulmonary oxygen consumption and peak blood pressure during a graded treadmill test, resting blood pressure, the ankle-brachial index, postocclusive reactive hyperemia in the calf, cutaneous microvascular reactivity, and perceived quality of life. Of the 34 participants randomized, 29 completed the 8-wk follow-up. The change in 6-min walk distance at the 8-wk follow-up was significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the group exposed to HT than in the sham-treated group (Sham: median: -0.9; 25%, 75% percentiles: -5.8, 14.3; HT: median: 21.3; 25%, 75% percentiles: 10.1, 42.4, P = 0.029). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes between the HT and sham group at 8-wk follow-up. The results of this pilot study indicate that unsupervised, home-based leg HT is safe, well-tolerated, and elicits a clinically meaningful improvement in walking tolerance in patients with symptomatic PAD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first sham-controlled trial to examine the effects of home-based leg heat therapy (HT) on walking performance in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We demonstrate that unsupervised HT using water-circulating trousers is safe, well-tolerated, and elicits meaningful changes in walking ability in patients with symptomatic PAD. This home-based treatment option is practical, painless, and may be a feasible adjunctive therapy to counteract the decline in lower extremity physical function in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Monroe
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Byung Joon Pae
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jason Parker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Susan M Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Janet Klein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raghu L Motaganahalli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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17
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Sebők J, Édel Z, Dembrovszky F, Farkas N, Török Z, Balogh G, Péter M, Papp I, Balogi Z, Nusser N, Péter I, Hooper P, Geiger P, Erőss B, Wittmann I, Váncsa S, Vigh L, Hegyi P. Effect of HEAT therapy in patiEnts with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (HEATED): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062122. [PMID: 35820741 PMCID: PMC9277369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. Heat therapy has been found effective in improving glycaemic control. However, to date, there is a lack of randomised controlled studies investigating the efficacy of heat therapy in T2DM. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether heat therapy with natural thermal mineral water can improve glycaemic control in patients with T2DM. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The HEAT therapy in patiEnts with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (HEATED) Study is a single-centre, two-arm randomised controlled trial being conducted at Harkány Thermal Rehabilitation Centre in Hungary. Patients with T2DM will be randomly assigned to group A (bath sessions in 38°C natural thermal mineral water) and group B (baths in thermoneutral water (30°C-32°C)). Both groups will complete a maximum of 5 weekly visits, averaging 50-60 visits over the 12-week study. Each session will last 30 min, with a physical check-up before the bath. At baseline, patients' T2DM status will be investigated thoroughly. Possible microvascular and macrovascular complications of T2DM will be assessed with physical and laboratory examinations. The short form-36 questionnaire will assess the quality of life. Patients will also be evaluated at weeks 4, 8 and 12. The primary endpoint will be the change of glycated haemoglobin from baseline to week 12. An estimated 65 patients will be enrolled per group, with a sample size re-estimation at the enrolment of 50% of the calculated sample size. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Hungarian Medical Research Council (818-2/2022/EÜIG). Written informed consent is required from all participants. We will disseminate our results to the medical community and will publish our results in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05237219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sebők
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Édel
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Balogi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Nusser
- Harkány Thermal Rehabilitation Centre, Harkány, Hungary
| | - Iván Péter
- Harkány Thermal Rehabilitation Centre, Harkány, Hungary
| | - Philip Hooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paige Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Johnson CN, Jensen RS, Von Schulze AT, Geiger PC. Heat Therapy Can Improve Hepatic Mitochondrial Function and Glucose Control. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:162-170. [PMID: 35394967 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review proposes the novel hypothesis that heat can be used as an alternative therapy to exercise to improve hepatic mitochondrial function and glucose regulation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although exercise has proven benefits in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, barriers to exercise in the majority of patients necessitate an alternative method of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Reilly S Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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19
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Cui J, Gao Z, Leuenberger UA, Blaha C, Luck JC, Herr MD, Sinoway LI. Repeated warm water baths decrease sympathetic activity in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:234-245. [PMID: 35736952 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00684.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute whole-body heat stress evokes sympathetic activation. However, the chronic effects of repeated moderate heat exposure (RMHE) on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in healthy individuals remains unclear. We performed RMHE with 4 weeks (5 days/week) warm baths (~40 °C, for 30 min) in 9 healthy older (59 ± 2 yrs) volunteers. Hemodynamic variables and MSNA were examined prior, 1 day after and 1 week following 4 weeks of RMHE in a laboratory at ~23 °C. Cold pressor test and handgrip exercise were performed during the tests. Under normothermic condition, the resting MSNA burst rate (prior, post, post 1-wk: 31.6 ± 2.0, 25.2 ± 2.0, 27.7 ± 1.7 bursts/min; P < 0.001) and burst incidence (P < 0.001) significantly decreased after RMHE. Moreover, the resting heart rate significantly decreased after RMHE (62.3 ± 1.6, 59.5 ± 2.0, 58.2 ± 1.6 beats/min, P = 0.031). The low frequency to high frequency ratio of heart rate variability, an index of sympathovagal balance, also decreased after RMHE. The sensitivity of baroreflex control of MSNA and heart rate were not altered by RMHE, although the operating points were reset. The MSNA and hemodynamic responses (i.e. changes) to handgrip exercise or cold pressor test were not significantly altered. These data suggest that the RMHE evoked by warm baths decreases resting sympathetic activity and HR, which can be considered beneficial effects. The mechanism(s) should be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Zhaohui Gao
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Urs A Leuenberger
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Cheryl Blaha
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Carter Luck
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Michael D Herr
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lawrence I Sinoway
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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20
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Pettit-Mee RJ, Power G, Cabral-Amador FJ, Ramirez-Perez FI, Nogueira Soares R, Sharma N, Liu Y, Christou DD, Kanaley JA, Martinez-Lemus LA, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Padilla J. Endothelial HSP72 is not reduced in type 2 diabetes nor is it a key determinant of endothelial insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R43-R58. [PMID: 35470695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired endothelial insulin signaling and consequent blunting of insulin-induced vasodilation is a feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that contributes to vascular disease and glycemic dysregulation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial insulin resistance remain poorly known. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial insulin resistance in T2D is attributed to reduced expression of heat shock protein 72(HSP72). HSP72 is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that can be upregulated with heating and is reported to promote insulin sensitivity in metabolically active tissues, in part via inhibition of JNK activity. Accordingly, we further hypothesized that, in T2D individuals, seven days of passive heat treatment via hot water immersion to waist-level would improve leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load (i.e., endogenous insulin stimulation) via induction of endothelial HSP72. In contrast, we found that: 1) endothelial insulin resistance in T2D mice and humans was not associated with reduced HSP72 in aortas and venous endothelial cells, respectively; 2) after passive heat treatment, improved leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load did not parallel with increased endothelial HSP72; 3) downregulation of HSP72 (via small-interfering RNA) or upregulation of HSP72 (via heating) in cultured endothelial cells did not impair or enhance insulin signaling, respectively, nor was JNK activity altered. Collectively, these findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced HSP72 is a key driver of endothelial insulin resistance in T2D but provide novel evidence that lower-body heating may be an effective strategy for improving leg blood flow responses to glucose ingestion-induced hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Pettit-Mee
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gavin Power
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Camila M Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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21
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Behzadi P, Ravanelli N, Gravel H, Barry H, Debray A, Chaseling GK, Jacquemet V, Neagoe PE, Nigam A, Carpentier AC, Sirois MG, Gagnon D. Acute effect of passive heat exposure on markers of cardiometabolic function in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1154-1166. [PMID: 35323077 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00800.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Heat therapy is a promising strategy to improve cardiometabolic health. This study evaluated the acute physiological responses to hot water immersion in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS On separate days in randomized order, 13 adults with T2DM (8 males/5 females, 62 ± 12 yrs, BMI: 30.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were immersed in thermoneutral (34°C, 90 minutes) or hot (41°C, core temperature ≥38.5°C for 60 minutes) water. Insulin sensitivity was quantified via the minimal oral model during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed 60 minutes after immersion. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia were evaluated before and 40 minutes after immersion. Blood samples were drawn to quantify protein concentrations and mRNA levels of HSP70 and 90, and circulating concentrations of cytokines. RESULTS Relative to thermoneutral water immersion, hot water immersion increased core temperature (+1.66°C [+1.47, +1.87], P<0.01), heart rate (+34 bpm [+24, +44], P<0.01), antegrade shear rate (+96 s-1 [+57, +134], P<0.01), and IL-6 (+1.38 pg/mL [+0.31, +2.45], P=0.01). Hot water immersion did not exert an acute change in insulin sensitivity (-0.3 dl/kg/min/μU/ml [-0.9, +0.2], P=0.18), FMD (-1.0% [-3.6, +1.6], P=0.56), peak (+0.36 mL/min/mmHg [-0.71, +1.43], P=0.64) and total (+0.11 mL/min/mmHg x min [-0.46, +0.68], P=0.87) reactive hyperemia. There was also no change in eHSP70 (P=0.64), iHSP70 (P=0.06), eHSP90 (P=0.80), iHSP90 (P=0.51), IL1-RA (P=0.11), GLP-1 (P=0.59) and NFkB (P=0.56) after hot water immersion. CONCLUSION The physiological responses elicited by hot water immersion do not acutely improve markers of cardiometabolic function in adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Behzadi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of pharmacology and physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Hugo Gravel
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hadiatou Barry
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of pharmacology and physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amelie Debray
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Georgia K Chaseling
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of pharmacology and physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vincent Jacquemet
- Department of pharmacology and physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Anil Nigam
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of pharmacology and physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of pharmacology and physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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22
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Sebők J, Édel Z, Váncsa S, Farkas N, Kiss S, Erőss B, Török Z, Balogh G, Balogi Z, Nagy R, Hooper PL, Geiger PC, Wittmann I, Vigh L, Dembrovszky F, Hegyi P. Heat therapy shows benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1650-1659. [PMID: 34808071 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.2003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common health condition which prevalence increases with age. Besides lifestyle modifications, passive heating could be a promising intervention to improve glycemic control. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of passive heat therapy on glycemic and cardiovascular parameters, and body weight among patients with T2DM. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were reported according to PRISMA Statement. We conducted a systematic search in three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL) from inception to 19 August 2021. We included interventional studies reporting on T2DM patients treated with heat therapy. The main outcomes were the changes in pre-and post-treatment cardiometabolic parameters (fasting plasma glucose, glycated plasma hemoglobin, and triglyceride). For these continuous variables, weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Study protocol number: CRD42020221500. RESULTS Five studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. The results showed a not significant difference in the hemoglobin A1c [WMD -0.549%, 95% CI (-1.262, 0.164), p = 0.131], fasting glucose [WMD -0.290 mmol/l, 95% CI (-0.903, 0.324), p = 0.355]. Triglyceride [WMD 0.035 mmol/l, 95% CI (-0.130, 0.200), p = 0.677] levels were comparable regarding the pre-, and post intervention values. CONCLUSION Passive heating can be beneficial for patients with T2DM since the slight improvement in certain cardiometabolic parameters support that. However, further randomized controlled trials with longer intervention and follow-up periods are needed to confirm the beneficial effect of passive heat therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sebők
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Édel
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kiss
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- LipidArt Ltd., Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- LipidArt Ltd., Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balogi
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Nagy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Philip L Hooper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- LipidArt Ltd., Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Pizzey FK, Smith EC, Ruediger SL, Keating SE, Askew CD, Coombes JS, Bailey TG. The effect of heat therapy on blood pressure and peripheral vascular function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1317-1334. [PMID: 33866630 DOI: 10.1113/ep089424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current evidence for the effect of heat therapy on blood pressure and vascular function. What advances does it highlight? We found that heat therapy reduced mean arterial, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We also observed that heat therapy improved vascular function, as assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation. Our results suggest that heat therapy is a promising therapeutic tool that should be optimized further, via mode and dose, for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors. ABSTRACT Lifelong sauna exposure is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Recent studies have investigated the effect of heat therapy on markers of cardiovascular health. We aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the effects of heat therapy on blood pressure and indices of vascular function in healthy and clinical populations. Four databases were searched up to September 2020 for studies investigating heat therapy on outcomes including blood pressure and vascular function. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. A total of 4522 titles were screened, and 15 studies were included. Healthy and clinical populations were included. Heat exposure was for 30-90 min, over 10-36 sessions. Compared with control conditions, heat therapy reduced mean arterial pressure [n = 4 studies; mean difference (MD): -5.86 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.63, -3.10; P < 0.0001], systolic blood pressure (n = 10; MD: -3.94 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.22, -0.67; P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (n = 9; MD: -3.88 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.13, -1.63; P = 0.0007) and improved flow-mediated dilatation (n = 5; MD: 1.95%, 95% CI: 0.14, 3.76; P = 0.03). Resting heart rate was unchanged (n = 10; MD: -1.25 beats/min; 95% CI: -3.20, 0.70; P = 0.21). Early evidence also suggests benefits for arterial stiffness and cutaneous microvascular function. The certainty of evidence was moderate for the effect of heat therapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate and low for the effect of heat therapy on mean arterial pressure and flow-mediated dilatation. Heat therapy is an effective therapeutic tool to reduce blood pressure and improve macrovascular function. Future research should aim to optimize heat therapy, including the mode and dose, for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith K Pizzey
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily C Smith
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefanie L Ruediger
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher D Askew
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom G Bailey
- Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise (PULSE), Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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24
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James TJ, Corbett J, Cummings M, Allard S, Young JS, Towse J, Carey-Jones K, Eglin C, Hopkins B, Morgan C, Tipton M, Saynor ZL, Shepherd AI. Timing of acute passive heating on glucose tolerance and blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, balanced crossover, control trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1093-1105. [PMID: 33411640 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00747.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and progressive insulin resistance, leading to macro and microvascular dysfunction. Passive heating has potential to improve glucose homeostasis and act as an exercise mimetic. We assessed the effect of acute passive heating before or during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in people with T2DM. Twelve people with T2DM were randomly assigned to the following three conditions: 1) 3-h OGTT (control), 2) 1-h passive heating (40°C water) 30 min before an OGTT (HOT-OGTT), and 3) 1-h passive heating (40°C water) 30 min after commencing an OGTT (OGTT-HOT). Blood glucose concentration, insulin sensitivity, extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70), total energy expenditure (TEE), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded. Passive heating did not alter blood glucose concentration [control: 1,677 (386) arbitrary units (AU), HOT-OGTT: 1,797 (340) AU, and OGTT-HOT: 1,662 (364) AU, P = 0.28], insulin sensitivity (P = 0.15), or SBP (P = 0.18) but did increase eHSP70 concentration in both heating conditions [control: 203.48 (110.81) pg·mL-1; HOT-OGTT: 402.47 (79.02) pg·mL-1; and OGTT-HOT: 310.00 (60.53) pg·mL-1, P < 0.001], increased TEE (via fat oxidation) in the OGTT-HOT condition [control: 263 (33) kcal, HOT-OGTT: 278 (40) kcal, and OGTT-HOT: 304 (38) kcal, P = 0.001], increased HR in both heating conditions (P < 0.001), and reduced DBP in the OGTT-HOT condition (P < 0.01). Passive heating in close proximity to a glucose challenge does not alter glucose tolerance but does increase eHSP70 concentration and TEE and reduce blood pressure in people with T2DM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate the timing of acute passive heating on glucose tolerance and extracellular heat shock protein 70 concentration ([eHSP70]) in people with type 2 diabetes. The principal novel findings from this study were that both passive heating conditions: 1) did not reduce the area under the curve or peak blood glucose concentration, 2) elevated heart rate, and 3) increased [eHSP70], which was blunted by glucose ingestion, while passive heating following glucose ingestion, 4) increased total energy expenditure, and 5) reduced diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J James
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Corbett
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cummings
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Allard
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - John S Young
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Towse
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Carey-Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Oaks Healthcare, Cowplain Family Practice, Waterlooville, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Eglin
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Billy Hopkins
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Morgan
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tipton
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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25
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Brunt VE, Minson CT. Heat therapy: mechanistic underpinnings and applications to cardiovascular health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1684-1704. [PMID: 33792402 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and novel therapies are drastically needed to prevent or delay the onset of CVD to reduce the societal and healthcare burdens associated with these chronic diseases. One such therapy is "heat therapy," or chronic, repeated use of hot baths or saunas. Although using heat exposure to improve health is not a new concept, it has received renewed attention in recent years as a growing number of studies have demonstrated robust and widespread beneficial effects of heat therapy on cardiovascular health. Here, we review the existing literature, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that underscore the cardiovascular benefits of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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26
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Von Schulze AT, Deng F, Fuller KNZ, Franczak E, Miller J, Allen J, McCoin CS, Shankar K, Ding WX, Thyfault JP, Geiger PC. Heat Treatment Improves Hepatic Mitochondrial Respiratory Efficiency via Mitochondrial Remodeling. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab001. [PMID: 33629069 PMCID: PMC7886620 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonacholic fatty liver disease, or hepatic steatosis, is the most common liver disorder affecting the western world and currently has no pharmacologic cure. Thus, many investigations have focused on alternative strategies to treat or prevent hepatic steatosis. Our laboratory has shown that chronic heat treatment (HT) mitigates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in rodent models of obesity. Here, we investigate the direct bioenergetic mechanism(s) surrounding the metabolic effects of HT on hepatic mitochondria. Utilizing mitochondrial proteomics and respiratory function assays, we show that one bout of acute HT (42°C for 20 min) in male C57Bl/6J mice (n = 6/group) triggers a hepatic mitochondrial heat shock response resulting in acute reductions in respiratory capacity, degradation of key mitochondrial enzymes, and induction of mitophagy via mitochondrial ubiquitination. We also show that chronic bouts of HT and recurrent activation of the heat shock response enhances mitochondrial quality and respiratory function via compensatory adaptations in mitochondrial organization, gene expression, and transport even during 4 weeks of high-fat feeding (n = 6/group). Finally, utilizing a liver-specific heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) knockout model, we are the first to show that HSP72, a protein putatively driving the HT metabolic response, does not play a significant role in the hepatic mitochondrial adaptation to acute or chronic HT. However, HSP72 is required for the reductions in blood glucose observed with chronic HT. Our data are the first to suggest that chronic HT (1) improves hepatic mitochondrial respiratory efficiency via mitochondrial remodeling and (2) reduces blood glucose in a hepatic HSP72-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Von Schulze
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Fengyan Deng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Edziu Franczak
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Josh Miller
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Julie Allen
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,Address correspondence to P.C.G. (e-mail: )
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Cullen T, Clarke ND, Hill M, Menzies C, Pugh CJA, Steward CJ, Thake CD. The health benefits of passive heating and aerobic exercise: To what extent do the mechanisms overlap? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1304-1309. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00608.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise can induce numerous health benefits that can reduce the risk of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality, yet a significant percentage of the population do not meet minimal physical activity guidelines. Several recent studies have shown that passive heating can induce numerous health benefits, many of which are comparable with exercise, such as improvements to cardiorespiratory fitness, vascular health, glycemic control, and chronic low-grade inflammation. As such, passive heating is emerging as a promising therapy for populations who cannot perform sustained exercise or display poor exercise adherence. There appears to be some overlap between the cellular signaling responses that are regulated by temperature and the mechanisms that underpin beneficial adaptations to exercise, but detailed comparisons have not yet been made. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to assess the similarities and distinctions between adaptations to passive heating and exercise. Understanding the potential shared mechanisms of action between passive heating and exercise may help to direct future studies to implement passive heating more effectively and identify differences between passive heating and exercise-induced adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cullen
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D. Clarke
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Hill
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Campbell Menzies
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. A. Pugh
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J. Steward
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C. Douglas Thake
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Monroe JC, Lin C, Perkins SM, Han Y, Wong BJ, Motaganahalli RL, Roseguini BT. Leg heat therapy improves perceived physical function but does not enhance walking capacity or vascular function in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1279-1289. [PMID: 33002377 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00277.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single session of leg heat therapy (HT) has been shown to elicit increases in leg blood flow and reduce blood pressure (BP) and the circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). We assessed whether 6 wk of supervised leg HT (3 times/wk) with water-circulating trousers perfused with water at 48°C improved 6-min walk distance in individuals with PAD compared with a sham treatment. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of leg vascular function, BP, quality of life, and serum ET-1 and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels. Of 32 PAD patients randomized, 30 [age: 68 ± 8 yr; ankle-brachial index (ABI): 0.6 ± 0.1] completed the 3- and 6-wk follow-ups. Participants completed 98.7% of the treatment sessions. Compared with the sham treatment, exposure to HT did not improve 6-min walk distance, BP, popliteal artery reactive hyperemia, cutaneous microvascular reactivity, resting ABI, or serum NOx levels. The change from baseline to 6 wk in scores of the physical functioning subscale of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey was significantly higher in the HT group (control -6.9 ± 10 vs. HT 6.8 ± 15; 95% confidence interval: 2.5-24.3, P = 0.017). Similarly, the change in ET-1 levels after 6 wk was different between groups, with the HT group experiencing a 0.4 pg/mL decrease (95% confidence interval: -0.8-0.0, P = 0.03). These preliminary results indicate that leg HT may improve perceived physical function in symptomatic PAD patients. Additional, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the optimal treatment regimen for symptomatic PAD patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first sham-controlled study to investigate the effects of leg heat therapy (HT) on walking performance, vascular function, and quality of life in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Adherence to HT was high, and the treatment was well tolerated. Our findings revealed that HT applied with water-circulating trousers evokes a clinically meaningful increase in perceived physical function and reduces the serum concentration of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Monroe
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Susan M Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Raghu L Motaganahalli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Von Schulze AT, Deng F, Morris JK, Geiger PC. Heat therapy: possible benefits for cognitive function and the aging brain. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1468-1476. [PMID: 32969779 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00168.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, yet there are no disease-modifying treatments available and there is no cure. It is becoming apparent that metabolic and vascular conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension promote the development and accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-related dementia pathologies. To this end, aerobic exercise, which is a common lifestyle intervention for both metabolic disease and hypertension, is shown to improve brain health during both healthy aging and dementia. However, noncompliance or other barriers to exercise response are common in exercise treatment paradigms. In addition, reduced intracellular proteostasis and mitochondrial function could contribute to the etiology of AD. Specifically, compromised chaperone systems [i.e., heat shock protein (HSP) systems] can contribute to protein aggregates (i.e., β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) and reduced mitochondrial quality control (i.e., mitophagy). Therefore, novel therapies that target whole body metabolism, the vasculature, and chaperone systems (like HSPs) are needed to effectively treat AD. This review focuses on the role of heat therapy in the treatment and prevention of AD. Heat therapy has been independently shown to reduce whole body insulin resistance, improve vascular function, activate interorgan cross talk via endocytic vesicles, and activate HSPs to improve mitochondrial function and proteostasis in a variety of tissues. Thus, heat therapy could offer immense clinical benefit to patients suffering from AD. Importantly, future studies in patients are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of heat therapy in preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Fengyan Deng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Pallubinsky H, Phielix E, Dautzenberg B, Schaart G, Connell NJ, Wit‐Verheggen V, Havekes B, Baak MA, Schrauwen P, Marken Lichtenbelt WD. Passive exposure to heat improves glucose metabolism in overweight humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13488. [PMID: 32359193 PMCID: PMC7379279 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Heat exposure has been indicated to positively affect glucose metabolism. An involvement of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the enhancement of insulin sensitivity upon heat exposure has been previously suggested. Here, we performed an intervention study exploring the effect of passive heat acclimation (PHA) on glucose metabolism and intracellular (a) HSP72 concentrations in overweight humans. METHODS Eleven non-diabetic overweight (BMI 27-35 kg/m2 ) participants underwent 10 consecutive days of PHA (4-6 h/day, 34.4 ± 0.2°C, 22.8 ± 2.7%RH). Before and after PHA, whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed using a one-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to measure intracellular iHSP72, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured using indirect calorimetry and blood samples were drawn to assess markers of metabolic health. Thermophysiological adaptations were measured during a temperature ramp protocol before and after PHA. RESULTS Despite a lack of change in iHSP72, 10 days of PHA reduced basal (9.7 ± 1.4 pre- vs 8.4 ± 2.1 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 post-PHA, P = .038) and insulin-stimulated (2.1 ± 0.9 pre- vs 1.5 ± 0.8 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 post-PHA, P = .005) endogenous glucose production (EGP) and increased insulin suppression of EGP (78.5 ± 9.7% pre- vs 83.0 ± 7.9% post-PHA, P = .028). Consistently, fasting plasma glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 pre- vs 5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L post-PHA, P = .013) and insulin concentrations (97 ± 55 pre- vs 84 ± 49 pmol/L post-PHA, P = .026) decreased significantly. Moreover, fat oxidation increased, and free fatty acids as well as cholesterol concentrations and mean arterial pressure decreased after PHA. CONCLUSION Our results show that PHA for 10 days improves glucose metabolism and enhances fat metabolism, without changes in iHSP72. Further exploration of the therapeutic role of heat in cardio-metabolic disorders should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pallubinsky
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Bas Dautzenberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Vera Wit‐Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Marleen A. Baak
- Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
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31
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Oster H. Getting hot about diabetes-Repeated heat exposure improves glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13524. [PMID: 32562562 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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32
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Kim K, Monroe JC, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Skeletal muscle adaptations to heat therapy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1635-1642. [PMID: 32352340 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00061.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of heat have been harnessed for centuries to treat skeletal muscle disorders and other pathologies. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the well-documented clinical benefits associated with heat therapy (HT) remain poorly defined. Foundational studies in cultured skeletal muscle and endothelial cells, as well as in rodents, revealed that episodic exposure to heat stress activates a number of intracellular signaling networks and promotes skeletal muscle remodeling. Renewed interest in the physiology of HT in recent years has provided greater understanding of the signals and molecular players involved in the skeletal muscle adaptations to episodic exposures to HT. It is increasingly clear that heat stress promotes signaling mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and glucose metabolism through not only elevations in tissue temperature but also other perturbations, including increased intramyocellular calcium and enhanced energy turnover. The few available translational studies seem to indicate that the earlier observations in rodents also apply to human skeletal muscle. Indeed, recent findings revealed that both local and whole-body HT may promote capillary growth, enhance mitochondrial content and function, improve insulin sensitivity and attenuate disuse-induced muscle wasting. This accumulating body of work implies that HT may be a practical treatment to combat skeletal abnormalities in individuals with chronic disease who are unwilling or cannot participate in traditional exercise-training regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jacob C Monroe
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Hunt AP, Minett GM, Gibson OR, Kerr GK, Stewart IB. Could Heat Therapy Be an Effective Treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases? A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1556. [PMID: 31998141 PMCID: PMC6965159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive deterioration of structures within the central nervous system responsible for motor control, cognition, and autonomic function. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are among the most common neurodegenerative disease and have an increasing prevalence over the age of 50. Central in the pathophysiology of these neurodegenerative diseases is the loss of protein homeostasis, resulting in misfolding and aggregation of damaged proteins. An element of the protein homeostasis network that prevents the dysregulation associated with neurodegeneration is the role of molecular chaperones. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones that regulate the aggregation and disaggregation of proteins in intracellular and extracellular spaces, and evidence supports their protective effect against protein aggregation common to neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, upregulation of HSPs, such as HSP70, may be a target for therapeutic intervention for protection against neurodegeneration. A novel therapeutic intervention to increase the expression of HSP may be found in heat therapy and/or heat acclimation. In healthy populations, these interventions have been shown to increase HSP expression. Elevated HSP may have central therapeutic effects, preventing or reducing the toxicity of protein aggregation, and/or peripherally by enhancing neuromuscular function. Broader physiological responses to heat therapy have also been identified and include improvements in muscle function, cerebral blood flow, and markers of metabolic health. These outcomes may also have a significant benefit for people with neurodegenerative disease. While there is limited research into body warming in patient populations, regular passive heating (sauna bathing) has been associated with a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, the emerging evidence is compelling and warrants further investigation of the potential benefits of heat acclimation and passive heat therapy for sufferers of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Hunt
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M. Minett
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Oliver R. Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham K. Kerr
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian B. Stewart
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ely BR, Francisco MA, Halliwill JR, Bryan SD, Comrada LN, Larson EA, Brunt VE, Minson CT. Heat therapy reduces sympathetic activity and improves cardiovascular risk profile in women who are obese with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R630-R640. [PMID: 31483156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 15% of women and is associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Repeated passive heat exposure [termed "heat therapy" (HT)] is a lifestyle intervention with the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk in obesity and PCOS. Women with obesity (n = 18) with PCOS [age 27 ± 4 yr, body mass index (BMI) 41.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2] were matched for age and BMI, then assigned to HT (n = 9) or time control (CON; n = 9). HT subjects underwent 30 one-hour hot tub sessions over 8-10 wk, whereas CON subjects did not undergo HT. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and markers of vascular function were assessed at the start (Pre) and end (Post) of 8-10 wk. These measures included carotid and femoral artery wall thickness and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), measured both before and after 20 min of ischemia-20 min of reperfusion (I/R) stress. HT subjects exhibited reduced MSNA burst frequency (Pre: 20 ± 8 bursts/min, Post: 13 ± 5 bursts/min, P = 0.012), systolic (Pre: 124 ± 5 mmHg, Post: 114 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (Pre: 77 ± 6 mmHg, Post: 68 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (Pre: 19.4 ± 13.7 nmol/L, Post: 15.2 ± 12.3 nmol/L; P = 0.018), total cholesterol (Pre: 5.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L, Post: 5.0 ± 0.8 mmol/L; P = 0.028), carotid wall thickness (Pre: 0.054 ± 0.005 cm, Post: 0.044 ± 0.005 cm; P = 0.010), and femoral wall thickness (Pre: 0.056 ± 0.009 cm, Post: 0.042 ± 0.005 cm; P = 0.003). FMD significantly improved in HT subjects over time following I/R (Pre: 5.6 ± 2.5%, Post: 9.5 ± 1.7%; P < 0.001). No parameters changed over time in CON, and BMI did not change in either group. These findings indicate that HT reduces sympathetic nerve activity, provides protection from I/R stress, and substantially improves cardiovascular risk profiles in women who are obese with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ely
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts
| | | | - John R Halliwill
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Samantha D Bryan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Lindan N Comrada
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Emily A Larson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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