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Seyed-Razavi Y, Kenyon BM, Qiu F, Harris DL, Hamrah P. A novel animal model of neuropathic corneal pain-the ciliary nerve constriction model. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1265708. [PMID: 38144209 PMCID: PMC10749205 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1265708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuropathic pain arises as a result of peripheral nerve injury or altered pain processing within the central nervous system. When this phenomenon affects the cornea, it is referred to as neuropathic corneal pain (NCP), resulting in pain, hyperalgesia, burning, and photoallodynia, severely affecting patients' quality of life. To date there is no suitable animal model for the study of NCP. Herein, we developed an NCP model by constriction of the long ciliary nerves innervating the eye. Methods Mice underwent ciliary nerve constriction (CNC) or sham procedures. Safety was determined by corneal fluorescein staining to assess ocular surface damage, whereas Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry and confocal microscopy assessed the function and structure of corneal nerves, respectively. Efficacy was assessed by paw wipe responses within 30 seconds of applying hyperosmolar (5M) saline at Days 3, 7, 10, and 14 post-constriction. Additionally, behavior was assessed in an open field test (OFT) at Days 7, 14, and 21. Results CNC resulted in significantly increased response to hyperosmolar saline between groups (p < 0.0001), demonstrating hyperalgesia and induction of neuropathic pain. Further, animals that underwent CNC had increased anxiety-like behavior in an open field test compared to controls at the 14- and 21-Day time-points (p < 0.05). In contrast, CNC did not result in increased corneal fluorescein staining or decreased sensation as compared to sham controls (p > 0.05). Additionally, confocal microscopy of corneal whole-mounts revealed that constriction resulted in only a slight reduction in corneal nerve density (p < 0.05), compared to naïve and sham groups. Discussion The CNC model induces a pure NCP phenotype and may be a useful model for the study of NCP, recapitulating features of NCP, including hyperalgesia in the absence of ocular surface damage, and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brendan M. Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fangfang Qiu
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deshea L. Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Neuroscience and Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Singh A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - a key player in the gastrointestinal system. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2023; 18:380-392. [PMID: 38572454 PMCID: PMC10985741 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2023.132957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal motility, secretion, sensation, immunity, and mucosal integrity. Dysregulation of BDNF signalling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various GI disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and diabetic gastroenteropathy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BDNF localization, synthesis, receptors, and signalling mechanisms in the gut. In addition, current evidence on the diverse physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of BDNF in the control of intestinal peristalsis, mucosal transport processes, visceral sensation, neuroimmune interactions, gastrointestinal mucosal healing, and enteric nervous system homeostasis are discussed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of targeting BDNF for the treatment of functional GI diseases is explored. Advancing knowledge of BDNF biology and mechanisms of action may lead to new therapies based on harnessing the gut trophic effects of this neurotrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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3
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Liu K, Ma W, Yang J, Liu W, Zhang S, Zhu K, Liu J, Xiang X, Wang G, Wu H, Guo J, Li L. Integrative Analysis Reveals the Expression Pattern of SOX9 in Satellite Glial Cells after Sciatic Nerve Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020281. [PMID: 36831824 PMCID: PMC9954651 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several complex cellular and gene regulatory processes are involved in peripheral nerve repair. This study uses bioinformatics to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the satellite glial cells of mice following sciatic nerve injury. METHODS R software screens differentially expressed genes, and the WebGestalt functional enrichment analysis tool conducts Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway analysis. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins constructs protein interaction networks, and the cytoHubba plug-in in the Cytoscape software predicts core genes. Subsequently, the sciatic nerve injury model of mice was established and the dorsal root ganglion satellite glial cells were isolated and cultured. Satellite glial cells-related markers were verified by immunofluorescence staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blotting assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 in satellite glial cells. RESULTS A total of 991 DEGs were screened, of which 383 were upregulated, and 508 were downregulated. The GO analysis revealed the processes of biosynthesis, negative regulation of cell development, PDZ domain binding, and other biological processes were enriched in DEGs. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, DEGs are primarily involved in steroid biosynthesis, hedgehog signaling pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, American lateral skeleton, and melanoma pathways. According to various cytoHubba algorithms, the common core genes in the protein-protein interaction network are Atf3, Mmp2, and Sox9. Among these, Sox9 was reported to be involved in the central nervous system and the generation and development of astrocytes and could mediate the transformation between neurogenic and glial cells. The experimental results showed that satellite glial cell marker GS were co-labeled with Sox9; stem cell characteristic markers Nestin and p75NTR were labeled satellite glial cells. The mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 in satellite glial cells were increased after sciatic nerve injury. CONCLUSIONS In this study, bioinformatics was used to analyze the DEGs of satellite glial cells after sciatic nerve injury, and transcription factors related to satellite glial cells were screened, among which Sox9 may be associated with the fate of satellite glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangpin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kewei Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xianglin Xiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-5940-6017
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Novel Hominid-Specific IAPP Isoforms: Potential Biomarkers of Early Alzheimer's Disease and Inhibitors of Amyloid Formation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010167. [PMID: 36671553 PMCID: PMC9856209 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and aims: Amyloidosis due to aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ42) is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas aggregation of mature islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP37) in human islets leads to β-cell dysfunction. The aim of this study is to uncover potential biomarkers that might additionally point to therapy for early AD patients. (2) Methods: We used bioinformatic approach to uncover novel IAPP isoforms and developed a quantitative selective reaction monitoring (SRM) proteomic assay to measure their peptide levels in human plasma and CSF from individuals with early AD and controls, as well as postmortem cerebrum of clinical confirmed AD and controls. We used Thioflavin T amyloid reporter assay to measure the IAPP isoform fibrillation propensity and anti-amyloid potential against aggregation of Aβ42 and IAPP37. (3) Results: We uncovered hominid-specific IAPP isoforms: hIAPPβ, which encodes an elongated propeptide, and hIAPPγ, which is processed to mature IAPP25 instead of IAPP37. We found that hIAPPβ was significantly reduced in the plasma of AD patients with the accuracy of 89%. We uncovered that IAPP25 and a GDNF derived DNSP11 were nonaggregating peptides that inhibited the aggregation of IAPP37 and Aβ42. (4) Conclusions: The novel peptides derived from hIAPP isoforms have potential to serve as blood-derived biomarkers for early AD and be developed as peptide based anti-amyloid medicine.
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Zaker H, Razi M, Mahmoudian A, Soltanalinejad F. Boosting effect of testosterone on GDNF expression in Sertoli cell line (TM4); comparison between TM3 cells-produced and exogenous testosterone. Gene 2021; 812:146112. [PMID: 34896518 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) and testosterone induce the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) self-renewal and spermatogenesis, respectively. In present study the stimulating role of testosterone on Sertoli cells to produce Gdnf, and the possible effect of Gdnf on Gfrα1 and c-RET expressions were investigated. The TM4 cells (line Sertoli cells) were co-cultured with [0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 (ng/ml)] of exogenous and TM3 (line Leydig cells)-produced testosterones, and consequently the TM4-produced Gdnf concentration was evaluated. Next, the SSCs were co-cultured with the TM-4 derived media (endogenous Gdnf) and exogenous Gdnf [0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 ng/ml)]. The 0.1 and 0.2 ng/ml endogenous and 3 concentrations of exogenous testosterone up-regulated the Gdnf expression versus non-treated Sertoli cells. The TM4-produced and exogenous Gdnfs, in all concentrations, up-regulated the receptors expression. In conclusion, the testosterone, solely, stimulates the Gdnf synthesis and the Gdnf, individually, amplifies its receptor's expression at mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himasadat Zaker
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Comparative Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mahmoudian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farhad Soltanalinejad
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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6
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Lin L, Feng B, Zhou R, Liu Y, Li L, Wang K, Yu Y, Liu C, Long X, Gu X, Li B, Wang X, Yang X, Cong Y, Zuo X, Li Y. Acute stress disrupts intestinal homeostasis via GDNF-RET. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12889. [PMID: 32808420 PMCID: PMC7574880 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Enterochromaffin (EC) cells have been associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS. Recently, we found that glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)‐rearranged during transfection (RET) localized in EC cells in human colonic epithelia. Here, we examine the role of GDNF‐RET in the pathophysiology of diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D). Materials and Methods GDNF was assessed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry in biopsies from IBS‐D patients and healthy controls. Stress was induced by using a wrap‐restraint stress (WRS) procedure to serve as an acute stress‐induced IBS model. The function of GDNF‐RET axis to intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis, and EC cell numbers were assessed in vivo and in vitro. Results GDNF‐RET was expressed in EC cells in human colon. GDNF was significantly increased in IBS‐D patients. WRS mice showed increased GDNF‐RET levels in colon. WRS induced visceral hypersensitivity by expanding of ISC and differentiation of EC cell via GDNF‐RET. Furthermore, GDNF‐treated mice recapitulated the phenotype of WRS mice. In vitro, GDNF treatment amplified Wnt signal and increased serotonin levels in colonic organoids in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusions We identified GDNF‐RET was presented in colonic epithelium of patients with IBS‐D. GDNF‐RET played important roles in regulating ISC and EC cell differentiation. Our findings, thus, provide RET inhibitor as new therapeutic targets for treatment of patients with IBS‐D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingcheng Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruchen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kairuo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Romer AI, Singer RA, Sui L, Egli D, Sussel L. Murine Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation and the Differentiation of Human Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Expressing Cells Require NEUROD1. Diabetes 2019; 68:2259-2271. [PMID: 31519700 PMCID: PMC6868472 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the β-cell transcription factor NEUROD1 causes diabetes in mice and humans. In this study, we uncovered novel functions of NEUROD1 during murine islet cell development and during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) into insulin-producing cells. In mice, we determined that Neurod1 is required for perinatal proliferation of α- and β-cells. Surprisingly, apoptosis only makes a minor contribution to β-cell loss when Neurod1 is deleted. Inactivation of NEUROD1 in HESCs severely impaired their differentiation from pancreatic progenitors into insulin-expressing (HESC-β) cells; however, survival or proliferation was not affected at the time points analyzed. NEUROD1 was also required in HESC-β cells for the full activation of an essential β-cell transcription factor network. These data reveal conserved and distinct functions of NEUROD1 during mouse and human β-cell development and maturation, with important implications about the function of NEUROD1 in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Romer
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ruth A Singer
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lina Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
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8
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Trevaskis JL, Sacramento CB, Jouihan H, Ali S, Le Lay J, Oldham S, Bhagroo N, Boland BB, Cann J, Chang Y, O'Day T, Howard V, Reers C, Winzell MS, Smith DM, Feigh M, Barkholt P, Schreiter K, Austen M, Andag U, Thompson S, Jermutus L, Coghlan MP, Grimsby J, Dohrmann C, Rhodes CJ, Rondinone CM, Sharma A. Neurturin and a GLP-1 Analogue Act Synergistically to Alleviate Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Diabetes 2017; 66:2007-2018. [PMID: 28408435 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurturin (NRTN), a member of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor family, was identified from an embryonic chicken pancreatic cDNA library in a screen for secreted factors. In this study, we assessed the potential antidiabetic activities of NRTN relative to liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Subcutaneous administration of NRTN to 8-week-old male ZDF rats prevented the development of hyperglycemia and improved metabolic parameters similar to liraglutide. NRTN treatment increased pancreatic insulin content and β-cell mass and prevented deterioration of islet organization. However, unlike liraglutide-treated rats, NRTN-mediated improvements were not associated with reduced body weight or food intake. Acute NRTN treatment did not activate c-Fos expression in key feeding behavior and metabolic centers in ZDF rat brain or directly enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Treating 10-week-old ZDF rats with sustained hyperglycemia with liraglutide resulted in some alleviation of hyperglycemia, whereas NRTN was not as effective despite improving plasma lipids and fasting glucose levels. Interestingly, coadministration of NRTN and liraglutide normalized hyperglycemia and other metabolic parameters, demonstrating that combining therapies with distinct mechanism(s) can alleviate advanced diabetes. This emphasizes that therapeutic combinations can be more effective to manage diabetes in individuals with uncontrolled hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Trevaskis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Hani Jouihan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Safina Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - John Le Lay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Nicholas Bhagroo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Brandon B Boland
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Jennifer Cann
- Translational Sciences (Pathology), MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Yuan Chang
- Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Victor Howard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | | | - David M Smith
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines & Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Thompson
- Research Project and Portfolio Management, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, U.K
| | - Lutz Jermutus
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, U.K
| | - Matthew P Coghlan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, U.K
| | - Joseph Grimsby
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Cristina M Rondinone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
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9
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Nivlet L, Herrmann J, Martin DE, Meunier A, Orvain C, Gradwohl G. Expression and functional studies of the GDNF family receptor alpha 3 in the pancreas. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:77-90. [PMID: 26576643 PMCID: PMC5911917 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of therapeutic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells relies on the identification of growth factors that faithfully mimic pancreatic β-cell development in vitro. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine the expression and function of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 3 (GFRα3) and its ligand artemin (Artn) in islet cell development and function. GFRα3 and Artn expression were characterized by in situ hybridization, immunochemistry, and qRT-PCR. We used GFRα3-deficient mice to study GFRα3 function and generated transgenic mice overexpressing Artn in the embryonic pancreas to study Artn function. We found that GFRα3 is expressed at the surface of a subset of Ngn3-positive endocrine progenitors as well as of embryonic α- and β-cells, while Artn is found in the pancreatic mesenchyme. Adult β-cells lack GFRα3 but α-cells express the receptor. GFRα3 was also found in parasympathetic and sympathetic intra-islet neurons as well as in glial cells in the embryonic and adult pancreas. The loss of GFRα3 or overexpression of Artn has no impact on Ngn3 and islet cell formation and maintenance in the embryo. Islet organization and innervation as well as glucose homeostasis is normal in GFRα3-deficient mice suggesting functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Nivlet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Joel Herrmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Delia Esteban Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Meunier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Gérard Gradwohl
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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Mwangi SM, Peng S, Nezami BG, Thorn N, Farris AB, Jain S, Laroui H, Merlin D, Anania F, Srinivasan S. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic PPAR-γ expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G103-16. [PMID: 26564715 PMCID: PMC4719063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00196.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in mice, however, the mechanisms involved are not known. In this study we investigated the effects of GDNF overexpression and nanoparticle delivery of GDNF in mice on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and the expression of genes involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid uptake and de novo lipogenesis. Transgenic overexpression of GDNF in liver and other metabolically active tissues was protective against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Mice overexpressing GDNF had significantly reduced P62/sequestosome 1 protein levels suggestive of accelerated autophagic clearance. They also had significantly reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and CD36 gene expression and protein levels, and lower expression of mRNA coding for enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis. GDNF-loaded nanoparticles were protective against short-term HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and attenuated liver fibrosis in mice with long-standing HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. They also suppressed the liver expression of steatosis-associated genes. In vitro, GDNF suppressed triglyceride accumulation in Hep G2 cells through enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling and inhibition of PPAR-γ gene promoter activity. These results show that GDNF acts directly in the liver to protect against HFD-induced cellular stress and that GDNF may have a role in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Sophia Peng
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - Behtash Ghazi Nezami
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Natalie Thorn
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Alton B. Farris
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - Sanjay Jain
- 5Internal Medicine (Renal Division), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hamed Laroui
- 4Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Didier Merlin
- 2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; ,4Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Frank Anania
- 1Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ,2Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia;
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Patel MS, Srinivasan M, Strutt B, Mahmood S, Hill DJ. Featured Article: Beta cell specific pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha gene deletion results in a reduced islet number and β-cell mass postnatally. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:975-985. [PMID: 24845368 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214531895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of pancreatic β-cells to undertake glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) depends on the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within the mitochondria from pyruvate, a major rate-limiting enzyme being pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC). However, glucose metabolism also controls β-cell mass. To examine the role of PDC in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell development and maturation, we generated β-cell-targeted PDHα subunit knock-out male mice (β-PDHKO) and compared these with control males (β-PDHCT) from birth until 6-8 weeks age. Pancreas morphology, transcription factor expression, pancreatic insulin content, and circulating glucose and insulin values were compared. Compared to β-PDHCT male mice, β-PDHKO animals had significantly reduced pancreatic insulin content from birth, a lower serum insulin content from day 15, and relative hyperglycemia from day 30. Isolated islets from β-PDHKO mice demonstrated a reduced GSIS. The number of islets per pancreatic area, mean islet area, and the proportion of islet cells that were β-cells were all reduced in β-PDHKO animals. Similarly the number of insulin-immunopositive, extra-islet small endocrine cell clusters, a possible source of β-cell progenitors, was lower in β-PDHKO mice. Analysis of pancreatic expression of transcription factors responsible for β-cell lineage commitment, proliferation, and maturation, Pdx1, Neurogenin3, and NeuroD1 showed that mRNA abundance was reduced in the β-PDHKO. This demonstrates that PDC is not only required for insulin expression and glucose-stimulated secretion, but also directly influences β-cell growth and maturity, and positions glucose metabolism as a direct regulator of β-cell mass and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214, NY
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214, NY
| | - Brenda Strutt
- Lawson Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214, NY
| | - David J Hill
- Lawson Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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Abstract
The pancreas is characterized by a major component, an exocrine and ductal system involved in digestion, and a minor component, the endocrine islets represented by islet micro-organs that tightly regulate glucose homoeostasis. Pancreatic organogenesis is strictly co-ordinated by transcription factors that are expressed sequentially to yield functional islets capable of maintaining glucose homoeostasis. Angiogenesis and innervation complete islet development, equipping islets to respond to metabolic demands. Proper regulation of this triad of processes during development is critical for establishing functional islets.
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Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhances human islet posttransplantation survival. Transplantation 2011; 92:745-51. [PMID: 21869742 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31822bc95a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of pretransplantation islet culture strategies that preserve or enhance β-cell viability would eliminate the requirement for the large numbers of islets needed to restore insulin independence in type 1 diabetes patients. We investigated whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could improve human islet survival and posttransplantation function in diabetic mice. METHODS Human islets were cultured in medium supplemented with or without GDNF (100 ng/mL) and in vitro islet survival and function assessed by analyzing β-cell apoptosis and glucose stimulated insulin release. In vivo effects of GDNF were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice transplanted under the kidney capsule with 2000 islet equivalents of human islets precultured in medium supplemented with or without GDNF. RESULTS In vitro, human islets cultured for 2 to 10 days in medium supplemented with GDNF showed lower β-cell death, increased Akt phosphorylation, and higher glucose-induced insulin secretion than islets cultured in vehicle. Human islets precultured in medium supplemented with GDNF restored more diabetic mice to normoglycemia and for a longer period after transplantation than islets cultured in vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that GDNF has beneficial effects on human islet survival and could be used to improve islet posttransplantation survival.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:231-3. [PMID: 21522003 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283457c7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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